内容正文:
进入高中阶段的英语学习,同学们在阅读中必定会遇到长难句,它们往往构成理解障碍。破解之道在于将其化繁为简,关键在于把握句子的基本框架——这正是今天我们一同温习的英语基本句型结构。牢固掌握这些核心结构,未来面对复杂的句式也能迎刃而解。
句型一
Subject(主语)+ Verb(谓语)
此句型谓语多为不及物动词,其后不可直接接宾语(常接状语修饰)。常见词如:work, jump, arrive, come, disappear, happen等。
句型二
Subject(主语)+Verb(谓语)+Object(宾语)
此句型谓语为及物动词,可直接带宾语。宾语可由名词、代词、不定式、动名词或从句充当。
句型三
Subject(主语)+系动词+Predicative(表语)
此句型用于说明主语的特征、状态或身份。
系动词:
· 核心为be动词的各种形式。
· 还包括可作系动词的部分实义动词,如:appear(显得), become(变成), feel(感觉/摸起来), get(变得), grow(变得), look(看上去), remain(保持), seem(似乎), stay(保持), smell(闻起来), sound(听起来), turn(变成), taste(尝起来)。
句型四
Subject(主语)+Verb(谓语)+ Indirect object(间接宾语)+Direct object (直接宾语)
在此句型中:
直接宾语: 动作的直接承受者(常指“物”),不可或缺。
间接宾语: 动作的受益者或关联对象(常指“人”),相对次要。
常见动词:lend, give, tell, teach, show, bring 等。
句型五
Subject(主语)+Verb(谓语)+Object (宾语)+Object Complement(宾语补足语),此结构中,“宾语 + 宾语补足语”构成复合宾语。
宾语补足语用于补充说明宾语的特征或状态,或表示宾语发出的动作。
常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等充当。
句型六
There be句型
There be句型表示某个地方存在某物或某人,可译为“有”。be动词的单复数必须依主语的变化而变化。如:
There was a picture in the magazine. There are many common methods used to cook fish.
There be 句型中需要注意的几点:1. There be 句型表示“存在……”,不表示所属关系。
2. There be 句型中的be 应和紧随其后出现的主语在数上一致,即遵循“就近原则”。
3. 谓语动词be也可被一些不及物动词代替,如 live,stand,exist,remain等。如:There lives a family of five in the village.There remains nothing more to be done.
4. There be 句型的否定句有两种构成方式,一种是将否定副词not放在be 之后,另一种是在主语前加上不定代词no。如:There isn'ta policeman on the street. There are no pictures on the wall.
强化练习
一、判断下面句型的基本结构。
1.I have a lot of clothes to wash.
2.Both Mary and I enjoy country music.
3.The waiter brought me a bottle of beer.
4.He gave his son some advice on reading.
5.You must get the car ready by tomorrow.
6.I wrote him a thank-you note for helping me.
7.Your flight will leave at 5:00 pm.
8.My mouth felt completely dry.
二、把下列句子改成否定句。
1. There are two books on the table. ____________________________________
2. There is some water in the bottle.
____________________________________
3. There is a bird on the tree.
____________________________________
4. There is a large tree in the park.
____________________________________
三、用be动词的适当形式填空。
1. There _____ (be) some people singing in the park.
2. There _____ (be) five hundred dollars to pay.
3. There _____ (be) five books, two pens and a ruler in the school bag.
4. There _____ (be) a ruler, two pens and five books in the school bag.
【练一练】参考答案
一、1.主语+谓语+宾语+后置定语2. 主语+谓语+宾语3. 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语4. 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语5. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语6. 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语7. 主语+谓语8. 主语+系动词+表语
二、1. There are not two books on the table.2. There is not any water in the bottle. / There is no water in the bottle.3. There is not a bird on the tree.3. There is not a large tree in the park.
三、1. are 2. is 3. are 4. is
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