Unit 1 Teenage life Discovering Useful Structures 名词短语、形容词短语和副词短语 清单-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第一册

高一必修一第一单元知识点： 名词短语、形容词短语和副词短语 概述:单词组成短语(也叫词组)，然后构成意义完整的句子。一个短语就是一个独立的“意群”,是一个语意整体。除了单词外，掌握和领会不同种类的短语，也是学好英语的基础。新的学习理念已经摒弃从单词到句子的直接跨越，而是循序渐进地从单词到短语,再过渡到句子。无论分析句子还是领会句意，都不可忽视各种短语。判断句子 结构时，也离不开短语。 英语短语可以分为名词短语、形容词短语、副词短语、动词短语(其中动词短语将在以后的单元详细讲解)和介词短语等。本单元学习以下三种短语: 名词短语(Noun Phrase,简称NP) 1.定义：名词短语是以名词为中心，与其他名词并列或与修饰 语一起构成的名词性短语。 2.构成主要有以下几种形式: (1)(限定词+)描述性名词+名词 the school football team校足球队 children education儿童教育 the bus stop 公共汽车站 a book store书店 (2)所有格+名词 John's car 约翰的汽车 a girls'school 一所女子学校 five minutes’walk 步行5分钟的路程 a stone’s throw很近的距离;不远处 (3)量概念名词+of+名词 a piece of news一条消息 two cups of coffee两杯咖啡 a handful of candies一把糖果 three kinds of cars三种汽车 (4)名词+and+名词 heart and soul 全身心地 day and night 昼夜 ups and downs 盛衰 the desk and the chair 桌子和椅子 teachers and students 老师和学生 特别提示： 除了 and 外，还有其他并列连词。例如: both Tom and John汤姆和约翰,Tom or John汤姆或 者约翰,either Tom or John或者汤姆或者约翰,neither Tom nor John汤姆和约翰都不,Tom as well as John 汤 姆以及约翰,not only Tom but also John不仅汤姆而且 约翰。 (5)(限定词+)形容词+名词 extra-curricular activities课外活动 homeless people无家可归的人们 a famous scientist一位著名的科学家 (6)名词+不定式短语 much work to do 许多要做的工作 the meeting to be held tomorrow明天要召开的会议 (7)限定词+动名词+名词 the sitting room 起居室 the sleeping boy 正在睡觉的男孩 the swimming pool游泳池 (8)名词+分词(短语)( 单个词前置，短语后置) students reading in the classroom在教室里读书的学生们 fallen leaves 落叶 polluted water被污染了的水 the decision made by Lucy露西做出的决定 (9)(限定词+)名词+介词短语 a solution to the question该问题的解决办法 the main purpose of the course该课程的主要目的 safety of all the students所有学生的安全 news about the accident关于该事故的消息 (10)限定词+名词 my schedule 我的时间表 those methods 那些办法 3.功能 名词短语可以在句中充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语或 宾补等。 Peking Opera is an important part of the Chinese culture. 京剧是中国文化的重要组成部分。(作主语) I learn that you're coming to visit one of your Chinese friends. 我知道你要来拜访你的一个中国朋友。(作宾语) Tom is our group leader.汤姆是我们的组长。(作表语) Tom , my deskmate , is very clever. 我的同桌汤姆很聪明。(作同位语) All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 只工作不玩耍,聪明的孩子也变傻。[谚](作宾补) 形容词短语(Adjective Phrase,简称 AdjP) 1.定义 形容词短语是以形容词为中心,与其他形容词并列或与修饰语一起构成的形容词性短语。 2.构成 主要有以下几种形式: (1)形容词+连词+形容词 ancient and modern 古今 black and white黑白相间的 true or false 真假 safe and sound 安然无恙 thick and thin 厚薄 old and new 新旧 young and old 老少 large and beautiful 大而美的 small but practical小但实用的 friendly and helpful 既友好又乐于助人 (2)程度副词+形容词 very handsome 非常帅的 quite long 相当长的 so good 如此好的 much surprised 很惊讶的 a little shy 有点儿害羞的 extremely cold极其寒冷的 really hard 非常困难的 特别提示 ①几乎所有的程度副词都可以用来修饰形容词，构成“形容词短语”: very 很，非常;quite 非常;rather 相当;so 如此;too 太; absolutely 完全地;definitely 肯定地;almost 几乎;nearly 几乎;enough 充足地;entirely 完全地;completely彻底 地;totally 完全地;fully完全地;extremely极其;fairly 相当;greatly 很;little 少许，一点;much 很;pretty 非 常;really十分。 ② enough 修饰形容词时要后置。如:long enough 足够 长的,careful enough足够仔细的（adj+enough+n） ③部分“频度副词”和“时间副词”也可以用来修饰形容词,构成“形容词短语”。如:always happy总是快乐的，already hot 已经热了， still frightened仍然害怕 (3)形容词+介词短语 full of water盛满了水 similar to this word与这个单词相似 different from my idea与我的看法不同 good at maths擅长数学 strict with students对学生严格要求 ready for the exam为考试做好了准备 suitable for this job适合这项工作 (4)形容词+不定式 anxious to know the answer急于知道答案 delighted to do this高兴做此事 3.功能 形容词短语在句中可以作定语、表语、宾补、状语等。 (1)作定语 Li Ming is a high school student always ready to help others. 李明是个高中生，总是乐于助人。 (2)作表语 China is rich in natural resources.中国自然资源丰富。 (3)作宾补 We found them tired and sleepy.我们发现他们又累又困。 (4)作状语(表示原因、时间、伴随、方式或结果等，表伴 随或方式时常置于句末) Much interested, he agreed to give it a try. 他很感兴趣，答应试一试。 He stood there , full of fear.他站在那里,充满了恐惧。 副词短语(Adverb Phrase,简称AdvP) 1.定义 副词短语是以副词为中心，与其他副词并列或与修饰语一起构成的副词性短语。副词短语可修饰动词、形容词、副词和介词短语等。在句中主要作状语，表示程度、方式、时间、频度、地点等意义，还可作表语、定语、宾补等。 2.构成：其构成和形容词短语的构成类似，主要有以下几种形式: (1)副词+连词+副词 more or less 或多或少 sooner or later 迟早 back and forth 反复地;来回地 up and down上下波动,起伏 again and again 反复地;再三地 now and then不时地 (2)程度副词+副词 very often很经常地 quite clearly 相当清楚地 so wonderfully如此美妙地 extremely well相当好 really hard 非常努力 特别提示 ①几乎所有的程度副词都可以用来修饰副词，构成“副 词短语”: very 很，非常;quite 非常;rather 相当;so如此;too太; absolutely 完全地;definitely肯定地;almost几乎;nearly 几乎;enough 充足地;entirely完全地;completely 彻底 地;totally完全地;fully 完全地;extremely 极其;fairly 相当;greatly 很; little 少许，一点;much 很;pretty非常; really 十分。 ② enough 修饰副词时要后置。如:luckily enough 足够 幸运地,carefully enough足够仔细地。 ③ 部分“频度副词”和“时间副词”也可以用来修饰副 词，构成“副词短语”。如:always happily总是快乐地， still nervously 仍然紧张地。 (3)副词+介词短语 deep into the night直到深夜 ahead of time 提前 far away from the city远离城市 (4)其他固定的副词短语 just now 刚才;right then就在那时;right away立刻;right now 现在,马上;ever before 以前,以往;ever since从那时起;first of all 首先; last but not least最后但同样重要的是; more importantly 更重要的是 3.功能 (1)修饰动词 She's a clever girl, and has learnt the new skill very quickly. 她是个聪明的女孩,很快就学会了新技能。(very quickly 修饰动词 learnt ) (2)修饰形容词 The dress was rather too small for her. 这件衣服对她来说太小了。(rather too修饰形容词small) (3)修饰副词 He is running much too fast in the match. 他在比赛中跑得太快了。(much too 修饰 fast ) (4)修饰句子 Very luckily, he was not in the house then.非常幸运的是，他 那时不在那所房子里。(Very luckily修饰句子） 语法专项训练一指出画线部分属于什么性质的短语以及在句中所作的成分(黑体部分为本单元词汇) A(基础练一知识巩固) 1. John graduated from junior high school, and now he is a senior high school student. 2. My partner is a nice guy and we take part in all kinds of extra-curricular activities together. 3. He likes doing experiments very much. 4. The company organised a formal debate to discuss the next year's goals and strategies. 5. Although you have applied for registration , you are not the man suitable for the designing job. 6. Obviously, the freshmen are curious about everything on campus. 7. Actually, he has an outgoing personality and is anxious to make a good impression on others. 8. I often see some teenagers clean up the greenhouse. It's good behaviour. 9. The topic or title of his article is“The difference between Eastern and Western literature”. 10. I'm looking forward to speaking English quite fluently as soon as possible. 11. The student is attracted to classical literature , even addicted to it, so he focuses on the study of classical literature. 12.The chief editor of the newspaper is responsible for editing the whole newspaper. 13. According to the schedule , he is going to quit his position as manager of the team. 14. With the advance of science and technology, our life has been greatly improved. 15. Ballet is beautiful, but its content is sometimes difficult to understand. B(提高练一-对接高考) 1.[2022·新高考全国I卷] I'm enjoying the creative activities , and it feels great to have done something useful. 我很享受这些创造性的活动,做了一些有用的事情感觉很棒。 2.[2022·新高考全国I卷] Your first meeting may be a little awkward.你们第一次见面可能有点尴尬。 3.[2023·新课标I卷] With the right combination of animals and plants , he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did.他认为，通过正确的动植物组合，也许他可以像大自然那样清理废物。 4.[2022·新高考全国I卷]My husband, our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years.在过去的十年里，我的丈夫、孩子和我都有过很棒的露营经历。 5.[2022·新高考全国I卷]As a special education teacher at the school, I was familiar with the challenges David faced and was proud of his strong determination.作为学校的一名特 殊教育教师,我熟悉戴维所面临的挑战,并为他坚定的决心感到自豪。 6.[2022·新高考全国I卷] What was wrong? He had worked so hard for this event! 怎么了?他为这次活动付出了那么多心血! 7.[2022·新高考全国Ⅱ卷] Well, I may be old, but I'm not hopelessly challenged, digitally speaking.好吧，我可能老 了，但就数码方面来说，我也不是一无所知。 8.[2023·新课标Ⅱ卷] When I finally finished it, the thought of winning had given way to the enjoyment of writing. 最终完成时，获胜的念头已经被写作的乐趣所取代。 9.[2022·浙江二考]She smiled at me and said if I needed help, she'd be right there , which I found quite comforting. 她对我笑了笑,说如果我需要帮助，她就在那里,这让我觉得很欣慰。 10.[2021·新高考全国I卷]The children said loudly,“Happy Mother's Day!” Mother hugged them tightly and kissed them again and again.孩子们大声说:“母亲节快乐!”妈 妈紧紧地拥抱着他们，一遍又一遍地吻着他们。 11.[2023·浙江1月卷] In the summer in particular, the air conditioning can make them quite cold.特别是在夏天， 空调会让他们很冷。 12.[2023·新课标Ⅱ卷] ...a new study shows that wildness in urban areas is extremely important for human well-being. ……一项新的研究表明,城市中的野生环境对人类的福祉极其重要。 答案 A1.名词短语,作表语 2.名词短语,作宾语 3.副词短语，作状语 4.名词短语,作宾语5.形容词短语，作定语 6.形容词短语,作表语7.形容词短语，作表语8.名词短语，作表语 9.名词短语，作主语10.副词 短语，作状语 11.名词短语,作宾语12.形容词短语，作表语 13.名词短语,作宾语 14.名词短语，作宾语15.形容词短语，作表语 B1.名词短语，作宾语2.形容词短语，作表语 3.名词短语，作宾语 4.名词短语,作宾语5.形容词短语，作表语 6.副词短语,作状语7.形容词短语，作表语8.名词短语，作主语9.形容词短语,作宾补 10.副词 短语，作状语 11.形容词短语,作宾补 12.形容词短语，作表语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$