Unit 1 Relationships词性转换，核心单词，语法，短语，知识点复习题-2025-2026学年高二英语选择性必修第一册单元重难点易错题精练（北师大版2019）

Unit 1 Relationships 重点单词变形，词组，短语，句型练习 (知识点全覆盖) 单词变形 1.practical adj.实际的；实践的；切实可行的→ n.实践；实际行动；通常的做法；惯例 2.presentation n.报告；陈述，说明→ 把……交给；颁发；授予；显示，表现 3.behaviour n.行为，举止→ v.表现；表现得体 4.access n.进入；接触的机会→ adj.可到达的；可接近的；可进入的；可使用的 5.educationalist n.教育(学)家→ n.教育 6.incredible adj.难以置信的；极好的→ adj.可信的；可靠的 7.occasionally adv.偶尔；偶然→ adj.偶然的→ n.时机；机会；场合 8.emotional adj.情感上的；情绪上的→ n.情感；情绪 9.extremely adv.极度，极其→ adj.极度的；极大的 10.preference n.偏爱，偏好→ v.较喜欢；喜欢……多于…… 11.ashamed adj.羞愧的；内疚的；惭愧的→ n.羞愧→ adj.可耻的 → adj.无耻的；厚颜的 12.intention n.意图，目的；打算→ v.打算 13.demanding adj.要求严格的；费力的→ n.要求；所需之物v.强烈要求；需要 14.effective adj.有效的→ n.效应；影响；结果 15.humour n.幽默感→ adj.幽默的 16.constantly adv.持续不断地→ adj.持续不断的 17.barely adv.几乎不→ adj.裸体的；裸露的 18.reserved adj.含蓄的；内敛的→ v.预订，预约n.内向；寡言少语；矜持 19.distracted adj.心神不定的，精神无法集中的→ v.转移(注意力)；分散(思想)；使分心 20.reality n.现实；真实→ v.理解；领会；认识到 21.complain vi.&vt.抱怨；不满；发牢骚→ n.抱怨；不满 22.appointment n.约定；约会→ vt.约定；任命 23.alcoholic n.酗酒者，嗜酒成瘾者 adj.(含)酒精的→ n.酒精 24.associate vt.与某人交往→ n.联系 25.depressed adj.沮丧的，忧愁的→ v.使抑郁；使沮丧→ n.抑郁；沮丧 26.invitation n.邀请→ vt.邀请 27.organise vt.组织，筹划→ n.组织 28.innovation n.革新，创新→ v.革新，创新 29.competitor n.选手，参赛者→ vi.比赛；竞争→ n.竞争 → adj.竞争的；有竞争性的 30.fluency n.流畅，熟练→ adj.流畅的，熟练的 31.progression n.变化，发展→ n.进步；进展v.进步；改进 32.engagement n.参与→ v.吸引住(注意力、兴趣)；雇用；聘用 33.approval n.赞许；同意→ v.赞许；同意 34.defend vi.&vt.保护，保卫→ n.保护，保卫 35.motivation n.动力，积极性→ v.成为……的动机；激励；激发 一、语法填空 1．Jiuzhaigou is an (extreme) beautiful place where you can not only see colorful lakes but also amazing waterfalls. 2．He was very (sense) about his scar (伤疤) and thought everyone was staring at him. 3．The routine tasks that occupy most of the day are (demand), but they can also be extremely rewarding. 4．The company is (constant) innovating, and its latest product is expected to be more profitable than its previous ones. 5．Now that you have a (prefer) for traditional culture, you had better not miss the chance. 6．She looked at her parents, seeking their (approve) with a hopeful expression. 7．Learning (motivate) includes goals, wishes, attitudes and efforts.（所给词的适当形式填空） 8．However, being on one’s best (behave) in any professional field is generally common sense for anyone seeking job development. 9．“Although these measures are not (effect) forever, they are important for now,” he says. 10．If you’ve been treated (rude) by your classmates or roommates, tell teachers or write a letter to school. 11．American football does (occasion) cross the line between sport and entertainment. 12．This device helps make virtual (real) a more usable and accessible technology. 13．The grieving mother who lost her child in an car accident calls for laws against (distract) driving. 14．He founded The Share Fridge, a non-profit organization, with the (intend) of giving away excess food to poorer families. 15．The senior player made full use of his rich experience to defeat another (compete). 16．He felt (shame) of his past mistakes and began to reflect on his life. 17．One of the (highlight) of the trip was seeing the Taj Mahal. 18．Her is to help those in need of support, so she decided to become a volunteer.( intend) 19．The young (passion) painter pours his heart and soul into his works, expressing his deepest emotions and visions. 20．The sick boy (take) to hospital by the police just now. 21．Before Graham came into my class, I (hear) stories about his bad behavior. （所给词的适当形式填空） 22．Over a million people (apply) for being volunteers for the game before last week. 23．Last week we went to the (present) of a new play. （所给词的适当形式填空） 24．The doctor recommended me (take) a long rest. 25．New research indicates that individuals (raise) in cities with structured street patterns may encounter difficulties in navigation compared to those from rural areas with more organic layouts. 26．I (sincere) hope that I can have the opportunity to talk with the famous scientist face to face． 27． (host) by the Jinan municipal government, the Jinan winter swimming race has been held for six successive years. 28．We won’t be (depress) even if we fail ten times because we’re determined. 29．Some people say that classical music (associate) only with old people. 30．Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s, when people (begin) to enjoy the advantages of this new technology. 二、单词拼写 31．She refused to back down on a point of     (原则). 32．One of the (最精彩的部分) of the tournament is likely to be the match between the two universities. 33．We hold the firm belief that the government will take (有效的) measures to protect the endangered species. 34．In the past few decades, smartphones have (支配，占主导地位) the mobile phone market. 35．Some people are more (敏感的) to criticism than others, taking even constructive feedback personally and becoming defensive. 36．Fallen rocks cut off the only (通道，入口) to the village. 37．Apart from natural curiosity and economic value, to achieve technological breakthrough should be another strong (动机) for space exploration. 38．Don’t (使……烦恼) yourself about it — let’s just forget it ever happened. 39．Cao Xueqin had (倾向于) to finish all the 120 chapters of his masterpiece, but his health failed him. 40．These new weapons will make us better able to (防御) against attack. 41．Learning to cook is a (实用的) skill that everyone should master. 42．Heavy rain caused a (延误) in the flight schedule. 43．Her (流利) in Spanish allowed her to communicate effortlessly with the local residents during her trip to Mexico. 44．Helen Keller wrote in her book, “Only when darkness had again (降临，来临) upon me should I realize how much I had left unseen.” 45．She was shocked by the scenes she had (当场看到；目击). 三、完成句子 46．所有参加会议的人都竭力主张我们要提高对环境保护的意识。 All the people present at the meeting urged that . 47．到目前为止，有数以百万的人已经参观过广东省博物馆。 , millions of people it. 48．在她五十岁时，她发现自己失业了，困在家里，只有电脑相伴。 At age 50, she found herself out of work and stuck at home only her computer to . 49．他们口头上吹嘘他们似乎完成了很多工作；但实际上，他们几乎没做什么。 They talked as if they had accomplished a lot, but they did very little. 50．地球从太空中看起来是蓝色的，因为它表面的三分之二被广阔的海洋所覆盖。 The earth looks blue from space because the vast ocean. 51．我发现在疲倦的时候很难集中精力工作。 when I’m tired. (find it＋adj.＋to do) 52．在语言旅行学生中，住在寄宿家庭仍然受欢迎。 among language travel students. 53．在西部地区当志愿老师时，这个女孩对绘画产生了兴趣。 in the west, the girl took up painting. 54．我侄女尝试了一种新的食谱，结果减肥了。 My niece tried a new diet, . 55．到目前为止，我还没有习惯我侄子的伦敦口音。 I my nephew’s London accent so far. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Over 2, 200 parents and family members from as far away as Singapore joined their students on campus from Oct. 25 to 27 for Brown University’s Family Weekend. The annual tradition allows parents and families 56 (experience) the campus life as a Brunonian for a few days. This year it included 57 (variety) activities, from student performances and athletic events to research forums (论坛) and lectures,   58 (provide) a deep insight (见解) into the exciting life at Brown. “The most important part is not all the events 59 will impress you — it’s finding out firsthand what life is like for your child here,” said Brown President Paxson in a welcome address. Among the 60   (attraction) was a lecture by Professor Cobb titled “Our Climate Future: Students as Changemakers”. She spoke about the ways that the current generation of students 61   (encourage) to face critical climate challenges through research and action right now. “ 62 (honest), it’s a great community event,” said a parent. “In 63 (compare) with other social events, it stirs up my emotions more. It is the first time that I have been able to see the campus, meet the students, go to all these different things… it kind of brings me back to when I was in school.” The event not only developed 64 sense of community but also enabled parents to reconnect 65 the excitement of academic (学术的) and social life on campus. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Nov. 22, 2023, just before turning 20, Ji Xiaoming received a letter from Cao Yajun, a girl from a middle school in Daye, Hubei province. The girl was one of the 526 middle school students in Daye 66 took part in a charity project focused on providing psychological (心理的) support to children in the countryside. Lin Lusheng, the project director, 67 (stress) that teenagers in the project are at an age when they begin to meet pressure and go through typical psychological changes. “But many children are less likely 68 (share) their feelings with adults such as parents or teachers, which, if ignored, can lead to psychological problems,” he added. According to him, 80 to 90 percent of the 69 (volunteer) of the project are university students in their 20s. In Cao’s letter, she mentioned feelings overcome by schoolwork, asked about 70 (effect) study methods, and was curious about university life. She sincerely responded 71 the letter, sharing details about her educational experiences and university life. Upon 72 (receive) Ji’s reply, Cao was overjoyed. “She described university life as so colorful and inspiring. It 73 (definite) really encourages me to study hard and struggle for my dream university,” she said. So far, the project 74 (offer) letter companionship services to rural children from 1,217 schools across the country, including nine schools in Daye, exchanging 75 total of 1.42 million letters. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 1 Relationships 重点单词变形，词组，短语，句型练习 (知识点全覆盖) 单词变形 1.practical adj.实际的；实践的；切实可行的→practice n.实践；实际行动；通常的做法；惯例 2.presentation n.报告；陈述，说明→present把……交给；颁发；授予；显示，表现 3.behaviour n.行为，举止→behave v.表现；表现得体 4.access n.进入；接触的机会→accessible adj.可到达的；可接近的；可进入的；可使用的 5.educationalist n.教育(学)家→education n.教育 6.incredible adj.难以置信的；极好的→credible adj.可信的；可靠的 7.occasionally adv.偶尔；偶然→occasional adj.偶然的→occasion n.时机；机会；场合 8.emotional adj.情感上的；情绪上的→emotion n.情感；情绪 9.extremely adv.极度，极其→extreme adj.极度的；极大的 10.preference n.偏爱，偏好→prefer v.较喜欢；喜欢……多于…… 11.ashamed adj.羞愧的；内疚的；惭愧的→shame n.羞愧→shameful adj.可耻的→shameless adj.无耻的；厚颜的 12.intention n.意图，目的；打算→intend v.打算 13.demanding adj.要求严格的；费力的→demand n.要求；所需之物v.强烈要求；需要 14.effective adj.有效的→effect n.效应；影响；结果 15.humour n.幽默感→humorous adj.幽默的 16.constantly adv.持续不断地→constant adj.持续不断的 17.barely adv.几乎不→bare adj.裸体的；裸露的 18.reserved adj.含蓄的；内敛的→reserve v.预订，预约n.内向；寡言少语；矜持 19.distracted adj.心神不定的，精神无法集中的→distract v.转移(注意力)；分散(思想)；使分心 20.reality n.现实；真实→realize v.理解；领会；认识到 21.complain vi.&vt.抱怨；不满；发牢骚→complaint n.抱怨；不满 22.appointment n.约定；约会→appoint vt.约定；任命 23.alcoholic n.酗酒者，嗜酒成瘾者 adj.(含)酒精的→alcohol n.酒精 24.associate vt.与某人交往→association n.联系 25.depressed adj.沮丧的，忧愁的→depress v.使抑郁；使沮丧→depression n.抑郁；沮丧 26.invitation n.邀请→invite vt.邀请 27.organise vt.组织，筹划→organisation n.组织 28.innovation n.革新，创新→innovate v.革新，创新 29.competitor n.选手，参赛者→compete vi.比赛；竞争→competition n.竞争→competitive adj.竞争的；有竞争性的 30.fluency n.流畅，熟练→fluent adj.流畅的，熟练的 31.progression n.变化，发展→progress n.进步；进展v.进步；改进 32.engagement n.参与→engage v.吸引住(注意力、兴趣)；雇用；聘用 33.approval n.赞许；同意→approve v.赞许；同意 34.defend vi.&vt.保护，保卫→defence n.保护，保卫 35.motivation n.动力，积极性→motivate v.成为……的动机；激励；激发 一、语法填空 1．Jiuzhaigou is an (extreme) beautiful place where you can not only see colorful lakes but also amazing waterfalls. 【答案】extremely 【详解】考查副词。句意：九寨沟是一个非常美丽的地方，在那里你不仅可以看到五颜六色的湖泊，还可以看到令人惊叹的瀑布。设空处使用extreme的副词extremely作状语，修饰名词beautiful。故填extremely。 2．He was very (sense) about his scar (伤疤) and thought everyone was staring at him. 【答案】sensitive 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他对自己的伤疤很敏感，觉得大家都在盯着他看。此处作表语，应用形容词sensitive“敏感的”。故填sensitive。 3．The routine tasks that occupy most of the day are (demand), but they can also be extremely rewarding. 【答案】demanding 【详解】考查形容词。句意：占据一天大部分时间的日常任务是艰巨的，但它们也可以是非常有益的。分析句子可知，这里需要一个形容词作表语，形容“the routine tasks”，demand的形容词形式demanding意为“要求高的；费力的”，符合语境。故填demanding。 4．The company is (constant) innovating, and its latest product is expected to be more profitable than its previous ones. 【答案】constantly 【详解】考查副词。句意：这家公司一直在不断创新，预计其最新产品将比之前的产品更具盈利性。修饰动词innovating，应用副词constantly。故填constantly。 5．Now that you have a (prefer) for traditional culture, you had better not miss the chance. 【答案】preference 【详解】考查名词。句意：既然你喜欢传统文化，你最好不要错过这个机会。空处作have的宾语，应用prefer的名词形式preference，意为“偏爱，偏好”，短语have a preference for意为“偏爱，对……有偏好”。故填preference。 6．She looked at her parents, seeking their (approve) with a hopeful expression. 【答案】approval 【详解】考查名词。句意：她看着她的父母，带着充满希望的表情寻求他们的同意。形容词性物主代词their后应用名词，动词approve的名词形式为approval意为“同意，赞成”。故填approval。 7．Learning (motivate) includes goals, wishes, attitudes and efforts.（所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】motivation 【详解】考查名词。句意：学习动机包括目标、愿望、态度和努力。此处为名词形式，和空前的Learning构成名词短语Learning motivation“学习动机”作主语，满足句意要求。故填motivation。 8．However, being on one’s best (behave) in any professional field is generally common sense for anyone seeking job development. 【答案】behaviour 【详解】考查名词。句意：然而，在任何专业领域举止得体对于任何寻求职业发展的人都是一般的常识。空处用于one’s best之后，应用名词形式behaviour，作介词on的宾语，构成固定短语be on one’s best behavior“举止得体”。故填behaviour。 9．“Although these measures are not (effect) forever, they are important for now,” he says. 【答案】effective 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他说：“虽然这些措施不会永远有效，但现在很重要。”。空处作句子表语，表示措施不会是永远有效的，应用形容词形式effective，意为“有效的”，符合题意。故填effective。 10．If you’ve been treated (rude) by your classmates or roommates, tell teachers or write a letter to school. 【答案】rudely 【详解】考查副词。句意：如果你被同学或室友粗鲁对待，告诉老师或写信给学校。分析句子可知，此处修饰谓语动词，应用副词rudely“粗鲁地”，作状语。故填rudely。 11．American football does (occasion) cross the line between sport and entertainment. 【答案】occasionally 【详解】考查副词。句意：美式橄榄球有时会跨越体育与娱乐的界限。空格处需要副词修饰动词短语cross the line，所给形容词occasion的副词形式为occasionally，表示“偶尔地”，作状语。故填occasionally。 12．This device helps make virtual (real) a more usable and accessible technology. 【答案】reality 【详解】考查名词。句意：这个设备有助于使虚拟现实成为一种更可用和更容易获得的技术。根据“make virtual”可知，空处需填名词作宾语，virtual reality表示“虚拟现实”，不可数，符合句意。故填reality。 13．The grieving mother who lost her child in an car accident calls for laws against (distract) driving. 【答案】distracted 【详解】考查形容词。句意：在车祸中失去孩子的悲伤母亲呼吁制定法律禁止分心驾驶。提示词修饰名词driving，用形容词distracted作定语，意为“注意力分散的”，符合语境。故填distracted。 14．He founded The Share Fridge, a non-profit organization, with the (intend) of giving away excess food to poorer families. 【答案】intention 【详解】考查名词。句意：他创立了非营利组织“共享冰箱”，目的是将多余的食物分发给贫困家庭。此处作介词宾语，应用名词intention“目的”，构成固定短语with the intention of“目的是……”。故填intention。 15．The senior player made full use of his rich experience to defeat another (compete). 【答案】competitor 【详解】考查名词。句意：资深选手充分利用他的丰富经验击败了另一位竞争对手。空处应用名词competitor“竞争者”在句中作宾语，由another可知，应用单数形式。故填competitor。 16．He felt (shame) of his past mistakes and began to reflect on his life. 【答案】ashamed 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他为自己过去的错误感到羞愧，开始反思自己的人生。空前是系动词，所以空处应填形容词作表语，shame的形容词形式是ashamed意为“惭愧的”。故填ashamed。 17．One of the (highlight) of the trip was seeing the Taj Mahal. 【答案】highlights 【详解】考查名词。句意：这次旅行的亮点之一是参观泰姬陵。设空处为名词的形式做介词宾语，one of +名词复数表示“……之一”。故填highlights。 18．Her is to help those in need of support, so she decided to become a volunteer.( intend) 【答案】intention 【详解】考查名词。句意：她的目的是帮助那些需要帮助的人，所以她决定成为一名志愿者。Her是形容词性物主代词，其后接名词，在句中作主语。intend的名词形式是 intention，意为“意图，打算”，为不可数名词。根据句意，故填intention。 19．The young (passion) painter pours his heart and soul into his works, expressing his deepest emotions and visions. 【答案】passionate 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这位充满激情的年轻画家在作品中倾注了他的全部心血，表达了他内心最深处的情感和愿景。修饰名词painter ， 用形容词形式。passion的形容词形式为passionate，表示“充满激情的，热情的”。根据句意，故填passionate。 20．The sick boy (take) to hospital by the police just now. 【答案】was taken 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：那个生病的小男孩刚刚被警察送到了医院。这句话有 just now作时间状语，描述的是过去的事情，谓语用一般过去时，动词take和句子主语The sick boy是被动关系，用被动语态结构，be动词用was。故填was taken。 21．Before Graham came into my class, I (hear) stories about his bad behavior. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】had heard 【详解】考查时态。句意：在格雷厄姆来我们班之前，我就听说过他的坏行为。根据上文Before Graham came into my class可知，此处主句表示过去的过去，用过去完成时。故填had heard。 22．Over a million people (apply) for being volunteers for the game before last week. 【答案】had applied 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：在上周之前，已有超过一百万人申请成为这次比赛的志愿者。此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语before last week可知，此处应表示过去的过去，所以使用过去完成时，apply for与主语Over a million people之间为主动关系。故填had applied。 23．Last week we went to the (present) of a new play. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】presentation 【详解】考查名词。句意：上星期我们去观看了一场新剧的演出。空处应填名词作宾语，presentation“演出”，名词，故填presentation。 24．The doctor recommended me (take) a long rest. 【答案】to take 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：医生建议我进行长时间的休息。根据固定短语recommend sb. to do sth.“建议某人做某事”以及所提示词，空处可填to take作宾补。故填to take。 25．New research indicates that individuals (raise) in cities with structured street patterns may encounter difficulties in navigation compared to those from rural areas with more organic layouts. 【答案】raised 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：一项新的研究表明，与那些来自有机布局的农村地区的人相比，在有结构化街道模式的城市中长大的人在导航方面可能会遇到困难。分析句子结构可知raise与逻辑主语individuals构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填raised。 26．I (sincere) hope that I can have the opportunity to talk with the famous scientist face to face． 【答案】sincerely 【详解】考查副词。句意：我真诚地希望能有机会与这位著名的科学家面对面地交谈。空格处位于动词之前，修饰动词，所以需要用副词；sincere的副词为sincerely，意为“真诚地”。故填sincerely。 27． (host) by the Jinan municipal government, the Jinan winter swimming race has been held for six successive years. 【答案】Hosted 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：由济南市政府主办的济南冬季游泳比赛已经连续举办了六年。此处应用非谓语动词作状语，且host与其逻辑主语the Jinan winter swimming race之间是被动关系，故应用过去分词形式。故填Hosted。 28．We won’t be (depress) even if we fail ten times because we’re determined. 【答案】depressed 【详解】考查形容词。句意：即使我们失败十次，我们也不会沮丧，因为我们有决心。设空处所给词位于be后，作表语，要用其形容词形式，修饰的是人，因此用其过去分词形式，故填depressed。 29．Some people say that classical music (associate) only with old people. 【答案】is associated 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：有人说古典音乐只与老年人有关。此空考查谓语动词，classical music与associate为被动关系，且这里时态与前面保持一致用一般现在时。故填is associated。 30．Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s, when people (begin) to enjoy the advantages of this new technology. 【答案】began 【详解】考查谓语动词。句意：自20世纪90年代初以来，那个时候人们开始享受到这种新技术的好处，CD的销量大大增加。此处为定语从句的谓语动词，根据时间状语是“20世纪九十年代初”，所以应使用一般过去时，begin与主语people之间为主动关系。故填began。 二、单词拼写 31．She refused to back down on a point of     (原则). 【答案】principle 【详解】考查名词。句意：她拒绝在原则问题上让步。根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“原则”应用principle，为名词，a point of principle表示“一个原则问题”，为固定搭配。故填principle。 32．One of the (最精彩的部分) of the tournament is likely to be the match between the two universities. 【答案】highlights 【详解】考查名词。句意：这次锦标赛最精彩的部分之一可能是这两所大学之间的比赛。“最精彩的部分”作介词宾语，用可数名词highlight，且“one of+复数名词”是固定短语，意为“……之一”；用复数形式highlights。故填highlights。 33．We hold the firm belief that the government will take (有效的) measures to protect the endangered species. 【答案】effective 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我们坚信政府会采取有效措施保护濒危物种。空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语，根据所给中文提示词，应是effective意为“有效的”。故填effective。 34．In the past few decades, smartphones have (支配，占主导地位) the mobile phone market. 【答案】dominated 【详解】考查动词。句意：过去几十年智能手机在手机市场占主导地位。根据汉语提示可知用动词dominate，结合have可知用过去分词构成现在完成时。故填dominated。 35．Some people are more (敏感的) to criticism than others, taking even constructive feedback personally and becoming defensive. 【答案】sensitive 【详解】考查形容词。句意：有些人对批评比其他人更敏感，甚至把建设性的反馈当作个人的意见，变得有戒心。空格处用形容词作表语，“敏感”的形容词是sensitive，故填sensitive。 36．Fallen rocks cut off the only (通道，入口) to the village. 【答案】access 【详解】考查名词。句意：落石切断了通往村子的唯一通道。形容词only后接名词形式，在句中作宾语。名词“通道，入口”英文为access，为不可数名词。根据汉语提示及句意，故填access。 37．Apart from natural curiosity and economic value, to achieve technological breakthrough should be another strong (动机) for space exploration. 【答案】motive 【详解】考查名词。句意：除了自然好奇心和经济价值之外，实现技术突破应该是太空探索的另一个强大动机。“动机”在句中作表语，用名词motive，为可数名词，由空前another strong可知此处表单数概念，用单数形式。故填motive。 38．Don’t (使……烦恼) yourself about it — let’s just forget it ever happened. 【答案】upset 【详解】考查动词。句意：别为此烦恼了——我们就当它没发生过吧。该空需要一个动词在祈使句中作谓语，应使用动词原形；根据汉语提示可知，动词upset意为“使某人烦恼”，符合题意。故填upset。 39．Cao Xueqin had (倾向于) to finish all the 120 chapters of his masterpiece, but his health failed him. 【答案】tended 【详解】考查动词。句意：曹雪芹本想把这部120章的巨著全部写完，但身体欠佳。表示“倾向于”使用动词tend，使用过去分词和前面的had构成过去完成时，故填tended。 40．These new weapons will make us better able to (防御) against attack. 【答案】defend 【详解】考查动词。句意：这些新武器将使我们更有能力抵御攻击。根据汉语提示“防御”可知，此处应用动词defend，位于不定式符号to后，用动词原形。故填defend。 41．Learning to cook is a (实用的) skill that everyone should master. 【答案】practical 【详解】考查形容词。句意：学习烹饪是每个人都应该掌握的实用技能。根据汉语提示可知应用形容词practical，修饰名词skill。故填practical。 42．Heavy rain caused a (延误) in the flight schedule. 【答案】delay 【详解】考查名词。句意：大雨导致航班延误。空前有a，空格处用名词的单数，“延误”的名词是delay。故填delay。 43．Her (流利) in Spanish allowed her to communicate effortlessly with the local residents during her trip to Mexico. 【答案】fluency 【详解】考查名词。句意：她流利的西班牙语使她在墨西哥旅行期间可以毫不费力地与当地居民交流。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为名词fluency“流利”作主语，满足句意要求。故填fluency。 44．Helen Keller wrote in her book, “Only when darkness had again (降临，来临) upon me should I realize how much I had left unseen.” 【答案】descended 【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：海伦·凯勒在她的书中写道：“只有当黑暗再次降临到我身上时，我才会意识到我错过了多少未曾看见的事物”。“降临，来临”为descend，本句为过去完成时。所以填过去分词descended。故填descended。 45．She was shocked by the scenes she had (当场看到；目击). 【答案】witnessed 【详解】考查动词。句意：她对自己当场看到的场景感到震惊。根据提示的汉语，表示“当场看到；目击”为动词witness，结合空前的助动词had可知，此处应为过去分词形式与had构成过去完成时态，作从句的谓语。故填witnessed。 三、完成句子 46．所有参加会议的人都竭力主张我们要提高对环境保护的意识。 All the people present at the meeting urged that . 【答案】we (should) raise our awareness of environmental protection 【详解】考查宾语从句虚拟语气。根据前文urged可知，that引导的宾语从句中用虚拟语气，谓语动词为should+动词原形，should可省略，表示“提高”用动词raise；表示“（我们的）环境保护的意识”为名词短语our awareness of environmental protection作宾语。故填we (should) raise our awareness of environmental protection。 47．到目前为止，有数以百万的人已经参观过广东省博物馆。 , millions of people it. 【答案】 So far have visited 【详解】考查固定短语和时态。“到目前为止”使用固定短语so far，是现在完成时的标志，句子应用现在完成时，“参观”使用动词visit，主语people表示复数意义，助动词用have，故填①So far，②have visited。 48．在她五十岁时，她发现自己失业了，困在家里，只有电脑相伴。 At age 50, she found herself out of work and stuck at home only her computer to . 【答案】 with keep her company 【详解】考查with复合结构和动词短语。根据句意以及句子结构可知，该句第一处为with的复合结构，表示“伴随，具有”，满足句意要求；该句第二处应为动词短语keep sb company“陪伴”，满足句意要求，结合空前to不定式可知，为动词原形。故分别填with；keep；her；company。 49．他们口头上吹嘘他们似乎完成了很多工作；但实际上，他们几乎没做什么。 They talked as if they had accomplished a lot, but they did very little. 【答案】in reality 【详解】考查介词短语。对比中英文可知，空处表示“实际上”，可用介词短语in reality。故填in reality。 50．地球从太空中看起来是蓝色的，因为它表面的三分之二被广阔的海洋所覆盖。 The earth looks blue from space because the vast ocean. 【答案】two thirds of its surface is covered by 【详解】考查固定短语和时态。表示“它表面的三分之二”应用two thirds of its surface；表示“被……覆盖”短语为be covered by，结合looks可知为一般现在时，谓语用单数。故填two thirds of its surface is covered by。 51．我发现在疲倦的时候很难集中精力工作。 when I’m tired. (find it＋adj.＋to do) 【答案】I find it hard to focus on my work 【详解】考查固定结构和时态。主语为I；表示“发现做某事……”为find it adj. to do sth.，it作形式宾语；表示“集中精力工作”短语为focus on my work；为一般现在时，主语为I，谓语用原形。故填I find it hard to focus on my work。 52．在语言旅行学生中，住在寄宿家庭仍然受欢迎。 among language travel students. 【答案】Living with host families remains popular 【详解】考查非谓语动词和谓语动词。表示“寄宿家庭”应用名词短语host family；表示“受欢迎的”应用形容词popular；表示“仍然”应用系动词remain。分析句子可知，此处应用动名词作主语。谓语动词用一般现在时态，动名词作主语时谓语动词用单数。故填Living with host families remains popular。 53．在西部地区当志愿老师时，这个女孩对绘画产生了兴趣。 in the west, the girl took up painting. 【答案】Working as a volunteer teacher 【详解】考查非谓语动词。根据所给中文提示词和英文翻译可知，需翻译部分是“当志愿老师”，可译为“work as a volunteer teacher”，由本句已有谓语动词took，所以work用非谓语形式，和逻辑主语the girl之间是主动关系，用现在分词作时间状语。故填：Working as a volunteer teacher。 54．我侄女尝试了一种新的食谱，结果减肥了。 My niece tried a new diet, . 【答案】losing her weight 【详解】考查非谓语动词。“减肥”使用动词短语lose one’s weight，句中已有谓语动词tried，此处应用非谓语形式，lose和逻辑主语My niece之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词作状语，故填losing her weight。 55．到目前为止，我还没有习惯我侄子的伦敦口音。 I my nephew’s London accent so far. 【答案】haven’t got used to 【详解】考查固定短语和现在完成时。分析句子可知，表示“习惯”应用get used to，为固定搭配，再由so far可知，这里时态应用现在完成时，且这里应用否定形式。故填haven’t got used to。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Over 2, 200 parents and family members from as far away as Singapore joined their students on campus from Oct. 25 to 27 for Brown University’s Family Weekend. The annual tradition allows parents and families 56 (experience) the campus life as a Brunonian for a few days. This year it included 57 (variety) activities, from student performances and athletic events to research forums (论坛) and lectures,   58 (provide) a deep insight (见解) into the exciting life at Brown. “The most important part is not all the events 59 will impress you — it’s finding out firsthand what life is like for your child here,” said Brown President Paxson in a welcome address. Among the 60   (attraction) was a lecture by Professor Cobb titled “Our Climate Future: Students as Changemakers”. She spoke about the ways that the current generation of students 61   (encourage) to face critical climate challenges through research and action right now. “ 62 (honest), it’s a great community event,” said a parent. “In 63 (compare) with other social events, it stirs up my emotions more. It is the first time that I have been able to see the campus, meet the students, go to all these different things… it kind of brings me back to when I was in school.” The event not only developed 64 sense of community but also enabled parents to reconnect 65 the excitement of academic (学术的) and social life on campus. 【答案】 56．to experience 57．various 58．providing 59．that 60．attractions 61．are being encouraged 62．Honestly 63．comparison 64．a 65．with 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了来自包括新加坡等地的2200多名家长及亲属参加布朗大学的家庭周末活动，活动多样且意义非凡。 56．考查非谓语动词。句意：这一一年一度的传统让家长和家人能够以布鲁诺人的身份体验几天的校园生活。固定搭配allow sb.to do sth.意为“允许某人做某事”。故填to experience。 57．考查形容词。句意：今年的活动包括各种活动，从学生表演和体育赛事到研究论坛和讲座，让人们对布朗大学令人兴奋的生活有了深入的了解。此句中的activities为可数名词复数形式，前面需要形容词various修饰，作定语。故填various。 58．考查非谓语动词。句意：今年的活动包括各种活动，从学生表演和体育赛事到研究论坛和讲座，让人们对布朗大学令人兴奋的生活有了深入的了解。此句已有谓语动词included,且没有连词连接其他动词，所以此处应填非谓语动词。provide与逻辑主语it之间为主动关系，故用现在分词形式providing作状语，表示“提供了对布朗大学精彩生活的全面了解”。故填providing。 59．考查定语从句。句意：“最重要的部分并不是所有的活动都会给你留下深刻的印象，而是直接了解你的孩子在这里的生活，”布朗大学校长帕克森在欢迎致辞中说。此处为定语从句，先行词是all the events,在从句中作宾语，指物；当先行词被all不定代词修饰时，只能用关系代词that引导定语从句。故填that。 60．考查名词复数。句意：其中最引人注目的是科布教授的题为“我们的气候未来：学生作为变革者”的演讲。attraction是可数名词，意为“吸引人的事物”。由among可知，应用复数。故填attractions。 61．考查动词的时态语态。句意：她谈到了如何鼓励当代学生通过研究和行动应对严峻的气候挑战。根据句中的right now可知应用现在进行时；且主语the current generation of students和encourage之间是被动关系，所以用现在进行时的被动语态。故填are being encouraged。 62．考查副词。句意：“说实话，这是一次很棒的社区活动，”一位家长说。此处为副词修饰整个句子，表示说话人的态度或看法，单词位于句首，首字母大写。故填Honestly。 63．考查名词。句意：与其他社交活动相比，它更能激起我的情绪。in comparison with为固定短语，意为“与……相比”。故填comparison。 64．考查冠词。句意：此次活动不仅培养了社区意识，还让家长重新体验校园学术和社交生活的乐趣。此句中的sense为可数名词单数形式，前面需要冠词修饰，且此处表示“一种社区感”，且该词发音是以辅音音素开头，应用a。故填a。 65．考查介词。句意：此次活动不仅培养了社区意识，还让家长重新体验校园学术和社交生活的乐趣。固定搭配reconnect with意为“重新与……建立联系”。故填with。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Nov. 22, 2023, just before turning 20, Ji Xiaoming received a letter from Cao Yajun, a girl from a middle school in Daye, Hubei province. The girl was one of the 526 middle school students in Daye 66 took part in a charity project focused on providing psychological (心理的) support to children in the countryside. Lin Lusheng, the project director, 67 (stress) that teenagers in the project are at an age when they begin to meet pressure and go through typical psychological changes. “But many children are less likely 68 (share) their feelings with adults such as parents or teachers, which, if ignored, can lead to psychological problems,” he added. According to him, 80 to 90 percent of the 69 (volunteer) of the project are university students in their 20s. In Cao’s letter, she mentioned feelings overcome by schoolwork, asked about 70 (effect) study methods, and was curious about university life. She sincerely responded 71 the letter, sharing details about her educational experiences and university life. Upon 72 (receive) Ji’s reply, Cao was overjoyed. “She described university life as so colorful and inspiring. It 73 (definite) really encourages me to study hard and struggle for my dream university,” she said. So far, the project 74 (offer) letter companionship services to rural children from 1,217 schools across the country, including nine schools in Daye, exchanging 75 total of 1.42 million letters. 【答案】 66．who/that 67．stressed 68．to share 69．volunteers 70．effective 71．to 72．receiving 73．definitely 74．has offered 75．a 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一个慈善项目中的大学生志愿者与高中生结对，给其提供心理支持。 66．考查定语从句。句意：这名女孩是大冶526名中学生中的一员，他们参加了一个慈善项目，重点是为农村儿童提供心理支持。设空处为引导限定性定语从句的关系词，先行词是students，指人，关系词在定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词who或that引导。故填who或that。 67．考查动词时态。句意：项目负责人林路生强调，参与该项目的青少年正处于开始承受压力并经历典型心理变化的年龄。根据后文he added可知，句子陈述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填stressed。 68．考查非谓语动词。句意：“但许多孩子不太可能与父母或老师等成年人分享他们的感受，如果忽视这一点，可能会导致心理问题，”他补充说。固定短语be likely to do sth.“可能做某事”。故填to share。 69．考查名词复数。句意：据他介绍，80% ~ 90%的志愿者都是20多岁的大学生。根据本句中的“80 to 90 percent of the”可知，志愿者不止一个，应用名词复数形式。故填volunteers。 70．考查形容词。句意：在信中，她提到了被学业压倒的感觉，询问了有效的学习方法，并对大学生活感到好奇。此处修饰名词methods，应用形容词effective“有效的”，作定语。故填effective。 71．考查介词。句意：她真诚地回复了这封信，分享了她的教育经历和大学生活的细节。固定搭配respond to the letter“回信”，to是介词。故填to。 72．考查非谓语动词。句意：曹收到纪的回信，喜出望外。此处作介词 upon宾语，应用动名词。故填receiving。 73．考查副词。句意：“这确实鼓励了我努力学习，为我梦想中的大学而奋斗。”此处修饰动词encourages，应用副词definitely“确定地”，作状语。故填 definitely。 74．考查动词时态。句意：到目前为止，该项目已经为全国1217所学校的农村儿童提供了信件陪伴服务，其中包括大冶的9所学校，共交换了142万封信。根据时间状语So far可知，此处使用现在完成时，主语是 the project，助动词用has。故填has offered。 75．考查冠词。句意：到目前为止，该项目已经为全国1217所学校的农村儿童提供了信件陪伴服务，其中包括大冶的9所学校，共交换了142万封信。固定搭配a total of“总计”。故填a。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$