名词性从句讲义 -2025-2026学年初高中英语衔接复习专项

让师生发光，让家长满意 学科教师辅导讲义 组长审核： 授课主题 名词性从句 教学目的 1.通过本次课程，使学生掌握住名词性从句的语序、时态、连接词； 重、难点 名词性从句的语序、时态、连接词 授课时间 教学内容 上节课复习与回顾（包含作业检查） 复习上节课所学知识点 课程导入 在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句是中学阶段的一个重要语法项目，在历年的高考中几乎都涉及到，并且每年的命题各有变化。分析历届高考试题名词性从句考查的焦点主要有以下六个方面： 1. 考查名词性从句的语序问题 2. 考查引导词that与what的区别 3. 考查it在名词性从句中作形式主语或形式宾语的用法 4.考查whether与if的区别 5. 考查名词性从句中的疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句与no matter+疑问词引导的状语从句的区别 6. 考查名词性从句的虚拟语气问题 知识点讲解 知识点1） 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类： 连词（5个）： that （本身无意义。引导单一的宾语从句时that常可省略，但引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时that通常不被省略） whether,if （均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性） as if , as though （ [1]均表示“好像”，“似乎”） ◆以上在从句中均不充当任何成分 连接代词（9个）：what/whatever, who/whoever, whom/whomever, whose， which/whichever 作主干成分 连接副词（8个）：when/whenever, where/wherever, how/however, why,两外还有because（名词性从句中只用于表语从句） 作状语 不可省略的连词： 1. 介词后的连词。 2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。That she was chosen made us very happy.We heard the news that our team had won. 3. 在从句中做成分的连词. 比较 whether与if均为"是否"的意思。 但在下列情况下，只可用whether： 1. whether引导主语从句并在句首时。 eg:Whether he can come to the party on time depends on the traffic. 2. 引导表语从句时。 eg:The question is whether we can get in touch with her. 3. whether从句作介词宾语时。 eg:I am thinking about whether I should quit my present job. 4.只有whether可以和or not连用，且多放在句末。 We didn't know whether or not she was ready. 5.后面直接跟动词不定式时。 6.whether可引导从句，作主语、表语、同位语而if不行。 知识点2） 四种名词性从句句法结构 1、宾语从句： 宾语从句是英语中常见的从句类型，用于在复合句中充当动词、介词或形容词的宾语。以下是所有核心知识点及易错点的总结： 类别 连接词 作用 例句 从属连词 that（无词义） 引导陈述句，口语中可省略 I know (that) he is honest. whether / if（是否） 引导一般疑问句转换的宾语从句 She asked if/whether I was tired. 连接代词 who/whom/whose/what/which 在从句中作主语/宾语/定语，有实际词义 Tell me who broke the window. whatever/whoever/whichever 强调“无论什么/谁/哪个” Eat whatever you like. 连接副词 when/where/why/how 在从句中作状语，表示时间/地点/原因/方式 I don’t know why he left. whenever/whereever/however 强调“无论何时/何地/如何” I don't care whenever he comes. 2.宾语从句的时态问题 从句时态 主句现在时（I know...） 主句过去时（I knew...） 时态变化规则 一般现在时 我知道他吃鱼。I know he eats fish. 我当时知道他吃鱼。I knew he ate fish. 一般现在时 → 一般过去时 现在进行时 我知道他正在吃鱼。I know he is eating fish. 我当时知道他正在吃鱼。I knew he was eating fish. 现在进行时 → 过去进行时 一般过去时 我知道他昨天吃了鱼。I know he ate fish yesterday. 我当时知道他昨天已经吃了鱼。I knew he had eaten fish the day before. 一般过去时 → 过去完成时 一般将来时 我知道他明天会吃鱼。I know he will eat fish tomorrow. 我当时知道他第二天会吃鱼。I knew he would eat fish the next day. 一般将来时 → 过去将来时 现在完成时 我知道他已经吃过鱼了。I know he has eaten fish. 我当时知道他已经吃过鱼了。I knew he had eaten fish. 现在完成时 → 过去完成时 现在完成进行时 我知道他最近一直在吃鱼。I know he has been eating fish lately. 我当时知道他最近一直在吃鱼。I knew he had been eating fish lately. 现在完成进行时 → 过去完成进行时 注：如果从句是客观真理或规律。从句永远用一般现在时。 主句时态 例句（英文） 例句（中文） 时态说明 一般过去时 The teacher told us the sun rises in the east. 老师告诉我们太阳从东方升起。 真理→保持一般现在时 一般过去时 Galileo proved the Earth moves around the Sun. 伽利略证明了地球围绕太阳转。 科学事实→不变 一般过去时 My mom said water boils at 100°C. 我妈妈说过水在100摄氏度沸腾。 自然规律→不变 1. 特殊句型的宾语从句 What’s wrong (with him)? What’s the matter (with him)? What happened (to him)? I don’t care what’s wrong with him. The doctors wondered what was the matter with him. Do you know what happened to him? 2. 宾语从句的否定转移（仅限 think, believe, suppose 等动词） 当主句主语是第一人称（I/we），且谓语是 think/believe/suppose 时，从句的否定要转移到主句。 ❌ I think he isn’t honest. ✅ I don’t think he is honest. 注： I don’t think he likes seafood，does he？反义疑问句看主句。 3. 特殊疑问词 + to do（简化宾语从句） 当主句和从句主语一致时，可用 疑问词 + to do 简化宾语从句。 I don’t know what I should do. → I don’t know what to do. He asked how he could fix it. → He asked how to fix it. He hasn’t decided if/whether he will go there. →He hasn’t decided whether to go there. 4.只用whether不用if的情况。 一、介词的宾语从句 "Your future depends on whether you are willing to work hard." 二、句子中有or not时 whether...or not 在从句开头 I wonder whether or not he will come. 我想知道他是否会来。 whether...or not 在从句结尾 I wonder whether he will come or not. 我想知道他是否会来。 三、与to do连用 whether + to do 基本结构 I don't know whether to go or stay. 我不知道是该走还是该留。 5.that不可省的情况： 一、宾语从句较长时，尤其是有复合句存在时。 She explained that if it rained, the match would be canceled. 二、宾语由两个以上宾语从句构成时，第二个以后的宾语从句不可省略that。 主句 + (that) 从句1 + and/but/or that 从句2 第一个 that 可省略，但第二个 that 必须保留。 并列连词（and, but, or）后的 that 不能省略。 She said (that) she was tired and that she wanted to leave. 注:当when, who, what, where, why, how等引导的从句与that引导的从句作主句谓语动词的并列宾语时。 第二从句也不可省略that I know what the time is and that the wind remains low.  三、从句前有插入语时。当宾语从句前或从句中出现 插入语（如 however, therefore, in fact, I believe, you know 等） 时，that 通常不能省略，否则会导致句子结构混乱或逻辑不清。 He admitted, however, that he was wrong. （然而，他承认自己错了。） She claimed that, in fact, she had never met him. （她声称，事实上，她从未见过他。） 四、当在有宾补的句子中。 主语 + 谓语 + it + 宾补 + that 宾语从句 I find it strange that he didn't call. （我觉得他没打电话很奇怪。） 五、当宾语从句的主语是this、that或者主语的定语是this、that时。 I know that this is true. （我知道这是真的。） 六、宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语。 主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + that + 直接宾语从句 He told me that he would come. （他告诉我他会来。） 七、小部分介宾 1.介词后通常不直接接that从句，需要加"the fact"等名词 2.但部分介词例外，可直接接that从句 常见必须接that的介词：except, but, in, besides except that（除了...） The meal was perfect except that the soup was cold. 除了汤是冷的，这顿饭很完美。 but that（要不是...） He would have succeeded but that he lacked confidence. 要不是缺乏信心，他就成功了。 in that（因为...） This method is better in that it saves time. 这个方法更好，因为它节省时间。 besides that（除此之外...） The trip was wonderful besides that it rained one day. 除了下了一天雨，这次旅行很棒。 6. hate, like, take, owe, have, take it for granted等表示“喜欢；痛恨；认为”的动词或动词短语和see to 表示“注意，留意”后有宾语补足语时，要用it作形式宾语而将宾语从句后置。 1. hate it that...（讨厌...） I hate it that people ignore rules. （我讨厌人们无视规则。） She hates it when her brother enters her room. （她讨厌她弟弟进她的房间。） 2. like it that...（喜欢...） He likes it that his boss praises him. （他喜欢老板表扬他。） We like it when the weather is cool. （我们喜欢天气凉爽的时候。） 3. take it that...（认为...） I take it that you agree with the plan. （我认为你同意这个计划。） They took it that the meeting was canceled. （他们以为会议取消了。） 4. owe it to sb that...（归功于...） She owes it to her teacher that she passed the exam. （她考试通过要归功于她的老师。） We owe it to technology that life is easier now. （我们的生活更便利要归功于科技。） 5. have it that...（声称/传说...） Rumors have it that he will resign. （传闻说他将辞职。） The legend has it that the castle is haunted. （传说这座城堡闹鬼。） 6. take it for granted that...（认为...理所当然） Don’t take it for granted that parents will always help you. （别把父母的帮助当作理所当然。） He took it for granted that she would forgive him. （他认为她原谅他是理所当然的。） 7. see to it that...（确保...） Please see to it that the doors are locked. （请确保门已锁好。） The manager saw to it that everyone got a bonus. （经理确保每个人都拿到了奖金。） 巩固练习 2、表语从句： 1. 从属连词引导的表语从句 ✅ that（无实义，可省略） The truth is (that) she never loved him. （真相是她从未爱过他。） My opinion is (that) we should wait. （我的意见是我们应该等待。） ✅ whether（是否，不可用if替换） The question is whether they will agree. （问题是他们是否会同意。） Her doubt is whether the plan will work. （她的疑虑是这个计划是否可行。） ✅ as if/as though（好像，可用虚拟语气） He looked as if he had seen a ghost. （他看起来像见了鬼似的。） It sounds as though she is lying. （听起来她在撒谎。） 2. 连接代词引导的表语从句 ✅ what（所...的事/东西） This is what I want to say. （这就是我想说的话。） The result was what we expected. （结果是我们预料到的。） ✅ who（谁，主格） The key is who will take responsibility. （关键是谁来负责。） The mystery is who broke the window. （谜团是谁打破了窗户。） ✅ which（哪一个，有选择范围） The problem is which path to choose. （问题是要选哪条路。） Her question is which dress fits best. （她的问题是哪条裙子最合身。） ✅ whose（谁的） The dispute is whose fault it was. （争议在于这是谁的错。） 3. 连接副词引导的表语从句 ✅ when（何时） The issue is when we should start. （问题是我们何时开始。） ✅ where（何地） The puzzle is where he hid the key. （谜团是他把钥匙藏在哪里。） ✅ why（为何） That’s why she refused to help. （这就是她拒绝帮忙的原因。） ✅ how（如何） The secret is how they escaped. （秘密是他们如何逃脱的。） 4. 特殊从属连词 ✅ because（原因，口语中可用，但正式写作建议用that） The reason is because he was late. （原因是他迟到了。） （更规范表达：The reason is that he was late.） ✅ -ever结尾连接词（强调“无论”） The rule is whatever the teacher says is right. （规则是老师说的都对。） The truth is whoever took the money must return it. （真相是无论谁拿了钱都必须归还。） 注意: 1. 表语从句中关系词不可省略。 2. 不可使用if表示是否。只能用whether。 3. The reason作主语时表语从句用that引导不用why。 It is/ this is/ That is开头时后面可用because＋原因和why＋结果。 It/That/ This was why he succeeded.这就是他成功的原因。 It/That/ This was because he had made great efforts. The reason was that he had made great efforts（成功之前）. 原因是他尽了很大努力。 注： The reason why he succeeded（定从） was that he had made great efforts（表从）. The reason that he had made great efforts(同位语从句) led to his success. 巩固练习： 1. The trouble is________we are short of hands. 　A.what　　　　B.that　　　　　C.how 　　　　D.which 2. The reason_______I have to go is _______my mother is ill in bed. 　　A.why, why　　B.why, because　C.why, that　 D.that, because 3. That is________ I lost my pen. 　　A.whose　　　　B.where　　　　 C.that　　　　D.what 4. My hometown is not________it used to_______ten years ago. 　A.when, do　　B.what, do　　　C.what, be 　 D.when, be 5. Energy is_________makes things work. 　A.what　　　　B.everything　　C.something　 D.that 3、主语从句: 1. 基础连接词 that（无实义，仅起连接作用） That he lied is obvious.（他撒谎是显而易见的。） whether（是否，不可用if替换） Whether she will come is uncertain.（她是否会来还不确定。） 2. 连接代词 what（所...的事/东西） What you need is courage.（你需要的是勇气。） who（谁，主格） Who broke the window remains unknown.（谁打破了窗户仍未知。） whom（谁，宾格） Whom we should trust is the question.（我们该信任谁是个问题。） which（哪一个，有选择范围） Which team wins depends on their effort.（哪支队伍会赢取决于他们的努力。） whose（谁的） Whose idea this was doesn't matter now.（这是谁的主意现在不重要了。） 3. 连接副词 when（何时） When the meeting starts will be announced.（会议何时开始将另行通知。） where（何地） Where he hid the money is a secret.（他把钱藏在哪里是个秘密。） why（为何） Why she resigned surprised everyone.（她为何辞职让所有人惊讶。） how（如何） How they escaped is still a mystery.（他们如何逃脱的仍是个谜。） 4. -ever结尾的强调连接词 whatever（无论什么） Whatever he says is meaningless now.（无论他现在说什么都无意义。） whichever（无论哪个） Whichever you choose will be perfect.（无论你选哪个都会很完美。） whoever（无论谁，主格） Whoever wins will get a prize.（无论谁赢都会获奖。） whomever（无论谁，宾格） Whomever you invite will be welcome.（无论你邀请谁都会受到欢迎。） whenever（无论何时） Whenever you start is fine with me.（无论你何时开始我都行。） wherever（无论何地） Wherever she goes is her own choice.（无论她去哪儿都是她自己的选择。） however（无论如何） However you solve the problem is acceptable.（无论你如何解决这个问题都可以接受。） 注： 主语从句用it做形式主语的情况： 1. 1. 主语从句较长时（避免头重脚轻） ✅ It is obvious that he lied about his experience. （很明显他在经历上撒了谎。） 2. It is ＋形容词/名词/被动语态＋that从句 It is obvious that he lied about his experience. It’s a pity that you can come.很遗憾你来不了。（你来不了是一个遗憾。） "It is said/reported/believed…… that he has made great contributions to the country."据说/据报道/人们相信/……他为国家做了很大贡献。 3. that引导的主语从句在疑问句中。 Is it true that he had an accident？他出事了这是真的吗？ 4.部分动词的主语从句 类别 动词/短语 例句 翻译 特殊规则 认知/判断类 seem It seems that he forgot the meeting. 他似乎忘了会议。 不可直接说"That he forgot seems" appear It appears that the data was falsified. 数据似乎被篡改了。 强调表面现象 occur It occurred to me that I left the oven on. 我突然想起没关烤箱。 必须用"It occurred to sb that"结构 turn out It turned out that the witness was lying. 结果证明证人在撒谎。 强调意外结果 情感/评价类 suit It suits me that we start early. 早点开始对我很合适。 不可说"That we start early suits me" bother It doesn't bother us that it's raining. 下雨并不影响我们。 否定式更常见 amaze It amazed her that he remembered her name. 他还记得她的名字让她惊讶。 常用被动"It is amazing that..." 重要性类 matter It matters that you arrive on time. 你准时到达很重要。 不可前置"That you arrive matters"（不自然） count It counts that you tried your best. 重要的是你尽力了。 常与否定连用"It doesn't count that..." help It helps that you have experience. 你有经验很有帮助。 不可说"That you have experience helps" 被动语态类 be reported It was reported that 3 people were injured. 据报道3人受伤。 所有被动语态动词必须用it形式主语 be believed It is believed that the treasure was hidden here. 据信宝藏藏在这里。 常见于学术/新闻文体 be estimated It is estimated that over 10,000 attended. 估计有超1万人参加。 数据性表述 固定短语类 come as no surprise It came as no surprise that he resigned. 他辞职毫不意外。 必须保持短语完整结构 stand to reason It stands to reason that prices will rise. 价格上涨是合理的。 逻辑推导结论 hit sb It hit me that I had made a mistake. 我突然意识到自己错了。 主语必须是人称代词（me/him/her等） 4、同位语从句: 一、同位语的概念 一个名词（或其它形式）对另一个名词或代词进行修饰，限定或说明，这个名词（或其它形式）就是同位语。同位语与被它限定的词的格式要一致，并常常紧挨在一起。同位语从句即重复说明同一个称谓或事件的从句。 名词作同位语 Mr Wang, my child’s teacher, will be visiting us on Tuesday. （在这里'my child's teacher'做同位语修饰'Mr Wang') 短语作同位语 I, the oldest girl in the family, always had to care for the other children. 直接引语作同位语 But now the question comes to their minds，“Did she die young because she was a clone?” 句子作同位语 The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great lakes. 二、同位语从句 用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在抽象名词fact，idea，news，hope，belief，thought，truth，doubt，suggestion，warning, instruction，reason，information, question等之后，对这些名词进行说明或解释。 There is no doubt that he is guilty. You can have no idea what he said. They usually write exact instructions how the music is to be played.他们通常为如何演奏乐曲写出精确的说明。 有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开。 The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city． 他突然想起敌人可能已经逃出城了。 注： 1. 同位语从句中的that不可省略。 2. Whether不可以换成if。 巩固练习： 一 单句语法填空 1. _____ we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel. 2. _____ Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won’t accept it. 3. Exactly__the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565. 4. _____ I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents. 5. _____ struck me most in the movie was the father’s deep love for his son. 6. _____ makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer. 7. _____ one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it. 8. It remains to be seen _____ the newly formed committee’s policy can be out into practice. 9. _____ he considered a great proposal was turned down by the boss at the meeting. 10. ----It’s my treat today. Is there anything particular you would like to have? ----_____ you choose is fine with me. 单句语法填空 1. How 句意：我们理解事物的方式与我们的认知有很大关系。主语从句，从句缺少方式状语，故用How。 2. Where 句意：李白，中国伟大的诗人，出生的地方人人皆知，但是有些人对此并不接受。主语从句，缺少地点状语，故用where。 3. when 句意：土豆被引入欧洲的确切时间不能确定，但很可能是在1565年左右。主语从句，缺时间状语，故用when。 4. What 句意：我想告诉你的是我对父母深深的爱和敬重。主语从句，从句缺宾语且指事物，故用what。 5. What 句意：影片中最打动我的是那位父亲对他儿子深厚的爱。主语从句，从句缺主语且指事物，故用what。 6. What 句意：让这本书如此不同寻常的是作者创造性的想象力。主语从句，从句缺主语且指事物，故用what。 7. Whichever 句意：你们之中不管是谁打破了窗户，都要赔偿。主语从句，引导词限定后面的one，且表示在限定范围(you)中的任何一个，故用whichever。 8. whether 句意：新组成的委员会制定的政策是否能实施还有待观察。题干中It是形式主语，空格处引导主语从句，故用whether。 9. What 句意：他那个自认为很不错的提议被老板在会上否决了。主语从句，从句缺宾语且指事物，故填what。 10. Whatever 句意：——今天我请客，你有什么特别想吃的吗？——无论你选择什么对我来说都可以。主语从句。 当堂检测： 三、用适当的引导词填空。 1. It is likely _____ he is the winner of this game. 很可能他是这场游戏的胜利者。 2. ______ she bought so many dictionaries is not clear. = It is not clear _____ she bought so many dictionaries. 不清楚她为什么买这么多字典。 3. ________ he was admitted into Beijing University made his teachers and parents happy. 他考上了北大，这让他的老师和父母很高兴。 4. It’s a pity________ you can’t attend my birthday party. 很可惜你不能参加我的生日聚会。 5. _________ we will build a new high school hasn’t been decided. 我们是否要建新高中还没决定呢。 6. __________ breaks the law should be punished. 不管谁违法都应该受到惩罚。 7. It is necessary ______ the problem (should) be solved at once. 很有必要立刻解决这个问题。 8. ________ he was born is unknown. 他生于何时还不知道。 9 It is possible _______ he has stolen the car. 很可能他偷了小车。 10. _______ has broken the glass is unknown. 谁打破了玻璃现在还不知道。 11. _______ he wants is all here. 他所要的东西都在这里。 12. _______ he worked it out is still a secret. 他是如何把它做出来的还是一个秘密 13. _______ they makes in this factory are TV sets. 他们在工厂里所做的东西就是电视机。 14. ________ they would support us was a problem. 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。 15. ________ you want is yours. 你要哪个哪个就是你的。 16. ________ we need is money. 我们需要的是钱。 we arrive doesn’t matter. 什么时候到没有关系。 18. ________ it was done was a mystery. 这是怎样做的是一个谜。 19 ________ this happended is not clear to anyone. 这件事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。 20. ________ I spend my summer is no business of yours. 我在哪里过暑假不关你的事。 2. Why ;why 3. That 4. that 5. Whether 6. Whoever 7. that 8. When 9. that 10. Who 11. What 12. How 13. What 14. Whether 15. Whichever 16. What 17. When 18. How 19. How 20. Where 课堂总结  家庭作业  阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的连接词或所给词的正确形式。 The Power of Reading Reading is one of the most rewarding habits (1) ______ anyone can develop. What makes it special is (2) ______ it opens doors to worlds we may never visit in real life. The books (3) ______ we choose to read often reflect our personalities. For example, people (4) ______ love science fiction usually enjoy imagining future technologies. Many experts believe (5) ______ reading improves empathy. This is the reason (6) ______ schools encourage students to read novels. It is not just about (7) ______ the story goes, but how it makes us feel. The moment (8) ______ you finish a great book, you’ll understand (9) ______ powerful literature can be. Remember: (10) ______ you read determines how much you grow. 答案 1. that（定语从句，先行词habits被最高级修饰，关系代词用that） 2. that（表语从句，说明is后面的内容，无实义） 3. that/which（定语从句，修饰books，作choose的宾语） 4. who（定语从句，修饰people，作主语） 5. that（宾语从句，作believe的宾语） 6. why（定语从句，先行词reason固定搭配why） 7. where（宾语从句，about后接名词性从句，表示"故事的发展方向"） 8. when（定语从句，修饰moment，表示时间） 9. how（宾语从句，作understand的宾语，强调程度） 10. what（主语从句，what作read的宾语） 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$