高中主谓一致讲义 -2025-2026学年初高中英语衔接复习专项

让师生发光，让家长满意 学科教师辅导讲义 组长审核： 授课主题 主谓一致 教学目的 通过本节课的学习使学生掌握主谓一致的原则，能够正确使用谓语动词的适当形式； 重、难点 重点：主谓一致的三个原则； 难点：意义一致原则。 授课时间 教学内容 上节课复习与回顾 不定代词 课程导入 主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致，主谓一致必须遵循三原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。对于主谓一致的考查，主要集中在单项选择、完形填空、汉译英及其它类型的填空题中。在学习过程中，要掌握主谓一致的基本用法及常见搭配。 知识点讲解 考向一：主谓一致的三个原则 【知识归纳】 含义 例句 语法一致 指的是主语为单数形式时，谓语动词使用单数形式，主语如果为复数形式，那么谓语动词也使用复数形式。 Tom is a good student.汤姆是个好学生。 They often play football on the playground.他们经常在操场上踢足球。 意义一致 又称为概念一致原则，指的是谓语动词的单复数取决于主语所表达单复数意义，而不取决于表面上的语法联系。 My family are having lunch now. Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book. 这本书20美元太贵了。 就近一致 又称为近邻一致原则，指的是主语由两个或两个以上的名词或代词构成，谓语动词的单复数形式应与紧邻的名词或代词保持一致。 Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.不仅老师喜欢踢足球，而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。 There is a pen and some books on the desk.课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。 1. 意义一致 意义一致就是根据句子主语的意义来确定谓语动词的单复数。 eg：Maths is difficult for us. 数学对我们来说很难。 The police are trying to search for the thief on the hill. 警察们正在山上尽力搜查小偷。 【典例】The woman behind the girls _____________ a famous actress. A. is B. are C. have D. has 2. 语法一致 语法一致即单数主语要用单数谓语动词，复数主语要用复数谓语动词。如： My bike is under the tree. 我的自行车在树下。 These books are old. 这些书是旧的。 【典例】The Greens _____________ dinner in the kitchen now. A. is having B. having C. are having 3. 就近原则 就近原则即当主语被某些连词(短语)连接时，谓语动词的数与离它最近的词保持一致。 Either my father or brother is coming. 我父亲来，要不然就是我弟弟来。 Not only you but also they are good students. 不仅你是好学生，而且他们也是好学生。 【典例】This is my twin sister, Lucy. Not only she but also I _____________ good at drawing. A. is B. am C. are 总结： 序号 语法结构 规则 例句（英文） 例句（中文） 易错点 1 基本原则 单数主语+单动；复数主语+复动 The cat sleeps. / The cats sleep. 猫在睡觉。/ 猫们在睡觉。 不可数名词永远单数（如water is） 2 并列主语（and） 通常复数；表同一事物用单数 Bread and butter is my breakfast. Teachers and students are debating. 面包黄油是我的早餐。 师生们在辩论。 区分是否同一主体（如the poet and writer is） 3 从句并列作主语 同概念单数；异概念复数 What he says and does is confusing. What he eats and what you eat are different. 他的言行令人困惑。 他吃的和你吃的不同。 需判断从句逻辑关联性 4 单数名词或代词+名词或代词+but/besides/except/including/like/with/along with/as well as /rather than/such as/together with+名词或代词作主语，谓语使用单数形式，如果之前的名词或代词是复数，则谓语使用复数。 谓语动词与介词短语前的名词一致 She as well as other students likes playing games. 她和其他学生一样都喜欢玩游戏。 误判为复数（如❌ She as well as them like...） 5 or/either...or，not only... but also...，not... but...，nerther...nor... 就近原则 Neither she nor her friends like it. 她和朋友都不喜欢。 动词与最近主语一致 6 集体名词 强调整体用单；成员用复 The team is winning. The team are arguing. 团队快赢了。 队员们在争吵。 需根据语境判断（family/class同理） 7 不定代词 单数动词 Everyone has a dream. 每个人都有梦想。 each, somebody等永远单数 8 "a number of" vs. "the number of" a number of +复动；the number of +单动 A number of students were late. The number of errors is high. 许多学生迟到了。 错误数量很多。 混淆含义（"许多" vs. "数量"） 9 "a lot of/lots of/plenty of+名词" 由of后名词决定： 不可数名词→单动 复数名词→复动 A lot of time is needed. Plenty of workers are working. 需要大量时间。 许多工人在工作。 混淆名词可数性（如❌ A lot of water are...） 10 "one and a half" 复数动词（逻辑＞1） One and a half apples are eaten. 一个半苹果被吃了。 名词必须复数（如apples，非apple） 11 "more than one" 单数动词 More than one student has failed. 不止一个学生挂科了。 形式单数但意义复数（特殊规则） 12 "many a" vs. "many" many a +单名+单动；many +复名+复动 Many a child dreams big. Many children dream big. 许多孩子心怀大志。（文学化） 许多孩子心怀大志。 "many a" 后必须单数 13 "一袋/箱+复数名词" 容器单数则单动；容器复数则复动 A box of toys was donated. Two bags of rice are needed. 一箱玩具被捐赠了。 需要两袋米。 忽略容器单位（误用are代替is） 14 动名词/不定式/从句作主语 谓语用单数 Doing exercises is healthy. To play with fire is dangerous. What he said is important. 锻炼有益健康。 玩火很危险。 他说的话很重要。 误用复数动词（如❌ What he said are...） 15 "the teacher and headmaster" vs. "the teacher and the headmaster" 无冠词：同一人（单动）；重复冠词：两人（复动） The teacher and headmaster is strict. The teacher and the headmaster are discussing. 这位老师兼校长很严格。 老师和校长正在讨论。 冠词决定单复数（⚠️ 中文无冠词易混淆） 16 专有名词作主语 即使形式为复数，动词用单数 The United States lies to the east of China. Engels was good at languages. The New York Times reports the news. 美国位于中国东方。 恩格斯擅长语言学习。 《纽约时报》报道新闻。 误将复数形式专有名词当复数（如❌ The United States are...） 17 以-s结尾的学科/抽象名词 谓语动词用单数 Physics is very difficult for me. The news was very exciting. 物理对我很难。 这消息很令人兴奋。 误判复数形式为复数意义（如❌ Physics are...） 18 "the+形容词"作主语 表示某类人时用复数动词 The sick are taken good care of. The old are supposed to be spoken to politely. 病人得到很好的照顾。 跟老人讲话要有礼貌。 误用单数动词（如❌ The poor needs help） 19 "the rest of..."作主语 of后接复数名词→复动；接不可数名词→单动 The rest of the bikes are on sale. The rest of the bread is gone. 余下的自行车降价出售。 剩余的面包不见了。 混淆名词可数性（如❌ The rest of the water are...） 20 "none of+名词"作主语 接复数名词→单/复动均可；接不可数名词→必须单动 None of the dogs was/were there. None of the water is drinkable. 那儿没有狗。 这些水都不能喝。 不可数名词误用复数（如❌ None of the water are...） 21 成对物品名词作主语 通常用复数；被"a pair of"修饰时用单数 The scissors are on the shelf. A pair of glasses costs a lot. 剪刀在架子上。 一副眼镜很贵。 误用单数（如❌ The trousers is...） 22 定语从句的主谓一致 从句谓语与先行词保持一致 The girl who is singing is my sister. The books that are on the desk are mine. She is the only one of the students who has won. 正在唱歌的女孩是我妹妹。 桌上的书是我的。 她是唯一获奖的学生。 混淆先行词单复数（如❌ The book that are...） 23 加减乘除运算 通常用单数；加法/乘法可用复数 Two and two is/are four. Six times one is/are six. Ten minus five is five. 2加2等于4。 6乘以1等于6。 10减5等于5。 减法/除法误用复数（如❌ Ten minus five are...） 24 倒装句中的主谓一致 谓语动词与主语保持一致（无论倒装与否） On the wall hangs a picture. Under the tree sit three children. 墙上挂着一幅画。 树下坐着三个孩子。 忽略倒装后的真实主语（如❌ On the wall hang a picture） 25 数词/不定代词＋of＋名词/代 名词不可数一定为单数，名词为复数，看数词单复。 One of us is a student. Some of us are students. Some of the rice has gone bad. 我们中有一个人是一个学生。 我们中有一些是学生。 部分的大米坏了。 忽略倒装后的真实主语（如❌ On the wall hang a picture） 注： 1.主语从句用单数动词的情况 一、适用场景：两个从句内容紧密相关，共同表达一个完整含义。 例句： What he says and what he does is completely different. （"说什么"和"做什么"共同构成"言行"这一整体概念，用单数。） How the experiment was designed and how it was conducted has been documented. （"设计"和"执行"实验属于同一研究过程，用单数。） 二、就近原则不适用： 与名词并列不同，从句并列的主谓一致不依赖就近原则，需严格按逻辑判断。 ❌ What she thinks and her actions is confusing.（错误，混合从句与名词，需改写。） ✅ What she thinks and what she does are confusing.（正确。） 四、形式主语 it 的干扰： 若从句后置用 it 作形式主语，动词始终用单数。 ✅ It is unclear why he left and when he will return. 五、主语从句中有两个疑问词用单数。 When and where we will go is unknown.我们什么时候去哪里还不知道。 2. 对比：抽象概念用单数 若"the + 形容词"表示抽象概念（非人），则用单数动词： The unknown is terrifying.（未知事物令人恐惧。） The beautiful inspires artists.（美激发艺术家的灵感。） 3.分数加of修饰名词。名词为单动词是单，名词为复动词是复。 Two thirds of the appleis enough.三分之二个苹果就够了。 Two thirds of the apples are enough. 三分之二的苹果就够了。 4. "none of+名词"作主语的主谓一致 规则： 当"none of"后接复数名词时，谓语动词既可用单数也可用复数（传统语法倾向单数，现代英语接受复数）。 当"none of"后接不可数名词时，谓语动词必须用单数。 对比示例： None of the students has/have finished the homework.（复数名词，单复数均可） None of the information is correct.（不可数名词，必须单数） 注：主系表结构中前后必须保持一致。 None of us is a student. =None of us are students. 我们中没有人是学生。 巩固练习 一、第一大题：基础与应用（20题） 1. Neither the teacher nor the students ______ (know) about the surprise test tomorrow. 2. A pair of new shoes ______ (be) waiting for you in the box. 3. What he really needs ______ (be) more confidence in himself. 4. The Philippines ______ (have) over 7,000 beautiful islands. 5. Not only the children but also their mother ______ (enjoy) watching cartoons. 6. Many a student ______ (dream) of studying at Harvard University. 7. The rest of the cake ______ (be) in the refrigerator. 8. To travel around the world ______ (require) a lot of money and courage. 9. The committee ______ (be) having an important meeting right now. 10. Either the red dress or the blue one ______ (look) good on you. 11. Physics ______ (be) considered one of the most difficult subjects. 12. None of the information ______ (be) correct in that report. 13. The singer and songwriter ______ (perform) at the concert tonight. 14. Twenty divided by five ______ (equal) four. 15. A lot of homework ______ (be) assigned for the weekend. 16. Both my brother and my sister ______ (be) coming to visit me. 17. The number of COVID cases ______ (be) decreasing these days. 18. What they want most ______ (be) more free time. 19. There ______ (be) a pen and two notebooks on the desk. 20. Reading novels and writing poems ______ (be) her favorite hobbies. 答案： 第一大题答案 1. knows（就近原则，students为复数但优先用单数） 2. is（a pair of +单数） 3. is（从句主语） 4. has（专有名词单数） 5. enjoys（就近原则） 6. dreams（many a +单数） 7. is（the rest of +不可数名词） 8. requires（不定式主语） 9. is（集体名词强调整体） 10. looks（就近原则） 11. is（学科名词） 12. is（none of +不可数名词） 13. performs（同一人） 14. equals（除法运算） 15. is（a lot of +不可数名词） 16. are（both...and+复数） 17. is（the number of +单数） 18. is（从句主语） 19. is（there be就近原则） 20. are（不同活动） 知识点小结 当堂检测 一、第二大题：综合与提高（20题） 1. More than one applicant ______ (have) been rejected for this position. 2. The United States ______ (have) a population of over 330 million. 3. Neither the manager nor his assistants ______ (be) available right now. 4. One and a half days ______ (be) all I need to finish this project. 5. The poor ______ (need) more help from the government. 6. Either the answers or the explanation ______ (seem) wrong to me. 7. A series of accidents ______ (have) happened on this road recently. 8. What he says and what he does ______ (be) completely different. 9. The teacher, together with his students, ______ (be) visiting the museum. 10. Many children but only one adult ______ (be) playing in the park. 11. Measles ______ (be) a highly contagious disease. 12. Not only the books but also the dictionary ______ (be) missing. 13. To err ______ (be) human; to forgive, divine. 14. The singer and the dancer ______ (be) rehearsing for the show. 15. Plenty of fresh water ______ (be) essential for survival. 16. Everyone in our class ______ (have) passed the final exam. 17. Five times eight ______ (be) forty. 18. The news about the earthquake ______ (be) shocking. 19. Both the director and the producer ______ (be) attending the premiere. 20. A large number of people ______ (be) expected to attend the festival. 答案: 第二大题答案 1. has（more than one+单数） 2. has（专有名词单数） 3. are（就近原则，assistants为复数） 4. is（one and a half+复数名词但表整体） 5. need（the+形容词表一类人） 6. seems（就近原则） 7. has（a series of +单数） 8. are（不同概念） 9. is（主语teacher） 10. is（就近原则） 11. is（疾病名单数） 12. is（就近原则） 13. is（不定式主语） 14. are（两人） 15. is（不可数名词） 16. has（不定代词） 17. is（乘法运算） 18. is（news单数） 19. are（both...and+复数） 20. are（a number of +复数） 课堂总结 家庭作业 Part 1: 基础题（单复数判断） 1. My brother ______ (like) playing basketball after school. 2. The students in our class ______ (be) very active. 3. A dog ______ (bark) loudly at night. 4. Many birds ______ (fly) south in winter. 5. This book ______ (belong) to my sister. Part 2: 并列主语与and 1. Tom and Jerry ______ (be) good friends. 2. Bread and milk ______ (be) my usual breakfast. 3. The teacher and the doctor ______ (live) in that house. 4. Singing and dancing ______ (make) her happy. 5. A knife and fork ______ (be) on the table. Part 3: 就近原则（or/nor/either...or） 1. Either my father or my brothers ______ (drive) me to school. 2. Neither the cat nor the dog ______ (like) the new food. 3. Not only the teacher but also the students ______ (enjoy) the movie. 4. Either the answer or the examples ______ (be) wrong. 5. Neither the books nor the pen ______ (be) mine. Part 4: 集体名词与不定代词 1. Our team ______ (be) practicing hard for the match. 2. Everyone in my family ______ (love) watching movies. 3. The class ______ (be) listening to the teacher carefully. 4. Nobody ______ (know) the answer to this question. 5. Somebody ______ (be) knocking at the door. Part 5: 量词短语（a lot of/many/some等） 1. A lot of water ______ (be) wasted every day. 2. Some students ______ (be) playing in the yard. 3. Many trees ______ (grow) along the river. 4. Much time ______ (be) needed to finish this work. 5. Several books ______ (be) missing from the shelf. Part 6: 特殊结构（there be/动名词等） 1. There ______ (be) a pen and two notebooks in my bag. 2. There ______ (be) many flowers in the garden. 3. Swimming in the sea ______ (be) my favorite activity. 4. To help others ______ (bring) me happiness. 5. What he said ______ (sound) reasonable. 答案与解析 Part 1 1. likes（单数主语） 2. are（复数主语） 3. barks（单数主语） 4. fly（复数主语） 5. belongs（单数主语） Part 2 1. are（两人） 2. is（表单一早餐概念） 3. live（两人） 4. makes（同概念活动） 5. is（一副刀叉，视为整体） Part 3 1. drives（就近原则，brothers为复数但优先用单数） 2. likes（就近原则，dog为单数） 3. enjoy（就近原则，students为复数） 4. is（就近原则，examples为复数但优先用单数） 5. is（就近原则，pen为单数） Part 4 1. is（强调整体） 2. loves（不定代词） 3. is（强调整体） 4. knows（不定代词） 5. is（不定代词） Part 5 1. is（不可数名词） 2. are（复数名词） 3. grow（复数名词） 4. is（不可数名词） 5. are（复数名词） Part 6 1. is（there be就近原则） 2. are（复数名词） 3. is（动名词主语） 4. brings（不定式主语） 5. sounds（从句主语） 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$