2025年中考英语专题复习 完形填空讲义

中考英语专题复习 完形填空 目 录 一、题型概述 1 二、做题步骤 1 三、解题方法 2 方法① 根据语境推断 2 方法② 词汇复现 3 方法③ 根据逻辑推理 3 方法④ 根据语法知识判断 4 方法⑤ 根据固定搭配判断 5 方法⑥ 根据生活常识判断 5 四、考试清单 6 类型① 语境型 6 类型② 语法型 16 一、题型概述 完形填空既考查对基础知识的运用能力，又考查对短文的逻辑推理、综合判断和分析概括的能力，有时还考查对生活常识等的理解。文章首句一般不设空，设空以考查对具体语境的理解为主，词、句的用法为辅；所涉及单词以实词为主，以虚词为辅。中考中较为常见的完形填空主要有语境型和语法型两类。 二、做题步骤 Step1跳过设空，通读全文，把握大意； Step2结合选项，综合考虑，初定答案； Step3细读全文，“瞻前顾后”，攻克难点； Step4复读全文，逐空验证，弥补疏漏。 三、解题方法 方法①根据语境推断 方法②词汇复现 方法③根据逻辑推理 方法④根据语法知识判断 方法⑤根据固定搭配判断 方法⑥根据生活常识判断 方法① 根据语境推断 在通读全文、了解大意的基础上，学生应身临其境地理解作者所处的情境，结合上下文的提示、作者的态度或感情色彩、文段的发展脉络，推断出符合语境的最佳选项。 例 （2023江苏扬州中考节选） Jack sat alone on the bus ride home from school.All his friends were their class projects excitedly,but Jack remained silent. A.discussing B.building C.reporting D.improving 解题思路： 根据空后的 "but Jack remained silent " 可知，此处指他的朋友们都在兴奋地讨论班级课题，但他保持沉默，故选A。 方法② 词汇复现 可以利用上下文寻找同词、同/近义词、反义词或同畴词（同一范围的词，如 apple、pear 和 banana） 等解题信息来确定答案。 例 （2023湖北黄冈中考改编） I tried to give him some for his help.He kept shaking his head and refused my money,saying "Today you,tomorrow me." A.food B.money C.trucks D.gifts 解题思路由下文的my money 可知，此处指作者想给他一些钱来表示谢意。此处是money的同词复现，故选B。 方法③ 根据逻辑推理 常见的逻辑关系及其标志词（组）如下： ①并列与递进关系：and 、or 、also 、both…and…、neither…nor…、either…or …、one…the other…、not only…but also…、besides 、what is more 、even等； ②因果关系：because、because of、for、since、as、therefore、so、for that reason等 ； ③转折、让步关系：but、however、yet、while、although、though、even though、even if等； ④条件关系：if、unless、in case等 。 例（2023 江西中考节选） First,keepers take turns looking after the baby elephants they don't want an elephant to depend on one of the keepers too much. A.unless B.but C.or D.because 解题思路 空前表示饲养员轮流照顾小象，空后表示他们不希望小象过于依赖其中某个饲养员，设空处前后是 "前果后因 "关系。故选D。 方法④ 根据语法知识判断 一些题目主要考查语法知识的运用，做题时要分析空处所在句所缺少的句子成分，从时态、语态、从句、数和格等方面综合考虑选出最佳答案。 例（2023陕西中考改编） When you first became deaf and blind,you had a hard time showing people .Because of this,you would sometimes get mad and make loud noises. A.what do you want B.what you want C.what did you want D.what you wanted 解题思路 分析句子结构及备选项可知，空处为宾语从句，由于宾语从句要用陈述句语序，所以排除A和C;主句用的是一般过去时，从句也要用过去的时态，故选D。 方法⑤ 根据固定搭配判断 一些题目可以结合语境，利用常用句型、习惯用法、固定搭配及表达来直接选择答案。 例（2023湖南衡阳中考节选） "When you were a little boy,sometimes you home with tears in your eyes,"said his father. "The elder children laughed at you.Do you remember why? " A.gave back B.shouted back C.came back 解题思路 give back 归还；shout back大声回应； come back回来 。come back home回家，为固定搭配。故选C。 方法⑥ 根据生活常识判断 有些题目需要利用生活中的常识（经验）进行判断，因此应多积累一些生活经验，并且多了解一些国内外风俗文化、习惯用语、谚语等。 例（2023浙江温州中考节选） Miriam finally knew what Uncle Esai meant—be patient,and life will be as as a watermelon! A.new B.big C.sweet D.quiet 解题思路 as…as … 像…一样…。由空后的 as a watermelon 并结合生活常识可知，此处表示有耐心，生活就会像西瓜一样甜。故选C。 四、考试清单 类型① 语境型 类型② 语法型 类型① 语境型 语境型完形填空题的考查趋势由局部理解向整体理解转移，减少了考查单句层次的试题，增加了考查语篇理解的试题；设空突出考查对整段、上下文乃至对全篇的理解。相比语法型完形填空来说，考查语境型完形填空的省市较多。 例1（2023山西中考） Joe got a bar of chocolate from his father for his cleaning work at home.1 he was ready to eat it,his elder brother Jack returned home from school. He 2 the chocolate from Joe and put it in his mouth and ran away.Joe rushed to his room 3 and locked the room from the inside and fell on his bed,with tears on his face,worrying about his lost chocolate. Learning about it,his father carried a larger bar of chocolate to Joe's 4 . He knocked at the door and asked Joe to open it.He even told that he had a larger bar of chocolate for him.But Joe 5 to listen to his father.He lay on the bed, paying no attention to his father's knock and talk.He continued to cry,thinking about his small loss（损失）.His 6 stopped him from getting a much greater joy. We may 7 a lot of time, energy and chances worrying about the small losses that have happened in our lives,and blaming（责怪）the persons who we think are responsible for our losses.By doing this,we are actually refusing to receive 8 gifts from life. It's a really foolish action. （ ）1.A.If B.When C.Though （ ）2.A.ate up B.took away C.gave out （ ）3.A.carefully B.bravely C.angrily （ ）4.A.room B.school C.yard （ ）5.A.refused B.needed C.tried （ ）6.A.hope B.secret C.worry （ ）7.A.imagine B.waste C.notice （ ）8.A.greater B.cheaper C.smaller 解析 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。Joe被哥哥抢走本应属于他的巧克力，他非常伤心，甚至拒绝了爸爸拿 来的更大的巧克力。这个故事告诉我们，在生活中这种由于闹情绪而因小失大的行为是愚蠢的。 1.语法知识。if如果；when当……时；though尽管。分析句子结构可知， "he was ready to eat it "在句中作时间状语，应用从属连词when引导。故选B。 2.语境推断。eat up吃光；take away拿走；give out分发。由下文from Joe and put it in his mouth and ran away可知，此处指Jack拿走了Joe的巧克力。took away符合语境。故选B。 3.语境推断。carefully小心地；bravely勇敢地；angrily 愤怒地。由下文with tears on his face可知，此处指 他生气地跑进房间。故选C。 4.语境推断。room房间；school学校；yard院子。由下文 "He knocked at the door and asked Joe to open it."可知，爸爸拿了一块更大的巧克力走向Joe的房间。故选A。 5.语境推断+逻辑推理。refuse拒绝；need需要；try努力。由上文 "He even told that he had a larger bar of chocolate for him."及表转折的连词But可知，此处 指Joe拒绝开门。故选A。 6.语境推断+词汇复现。hope希望；secret秘密；worry担忧。由第一段最后一句的worrying about his lost chocolate及上文thinking about his small loss可知， 此处指他的忧虑使他得不到更大的快乐。此处是worry的同根词复现。故选C。 7.语境推断。imagine想象；waste浪费；notice注意。结合选项，由下文 "a lot of time,energy and chances worrying about the small losses "及 "we are actually refusing to receive.…gifts from life "可知，此处指我 们可能会浪费大量的时间、精力和机会在担心我们 生活中发生的小损失上。故选B。 8.语境推断。great大的；cheap便宜的；small小的。由第二段最后一句 "His…stopped him from getting a much greater joy. "及上文中的the small losses可知，此处指我们实际上拒绝了接受来自生活的更大的礼物，故选A。 例2（2 023天津中考） Tom had a bad toothache.His mother wanted to take him to the dentist's（牙科诊所）,but he 1 .He was afraid of the 2 when the dentist had to extract （拔出）his tooth.Tom's mother told him that if he did not visit the dentist,the pain would get 3 .At last,Tom had to agree. There were not many people at the dentist's.4 ,it was Tom's turn.He walked nervously into the room and sat down.The dentist looked 5 and said hello to him with a smile.He asked Tom to 6 his mouth.And then he told Tom that he had to extract the bad tooth.The dentist gave Tom an injection（注射）and 7 him that he would not feel any pain. Tom really did not feel any pain.Then the dentist advised Tom to brush his teeth twice a day and taught him the 8 way of brushing his teeth.He also told Tom not to eat too many sweet things 9 his teeth would be healthy. After that,Tom 10 how important it was to protect his teeth. （ ）1.A.relaxed B.refused C.nodded D.joked （ ）2.A.pain B.trust C.success D.training （ ）3.A.nicer B.smaller C.warmer D.worse （ ）4.A.Sometimes B.Recently C.Soon D.Especially （ ）5.A.dangerous B.friendly C.noisy D.careless （ ）6.A.fill B.shut C.open D.cover （ ）7.A.allowed B.asked C.warned D.promised （ ）8.A.right B.brave C.weak D.rich （ ）9.A.but B.so that C.or D.whether （ ）10.A.regretted B.hoped C.realised D.guessed 解析 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Tom的一次拔牙的经历，最终Tom懂得了保护牙齿的重要性。 1.语境推断。relax休息；refuse拒绝；nod点头；joke开 玩笑。根据下文 "He was afraid of…extract his tooth. " 可知Tom害怕，所以拒绝去牙科诊所，故选B。 2.语境推断+生活常识。 pain疼痛；trust相信； success成功；training训练。根据语境 "He was afraid of the..when the dentist had to extract his tooth. "并结合常识可知，拔牙时会很疼，Tom害怕 拔牙时的疼痛。故选A。 3.语境推断+生活常识。根据本句的 "Tom's mother told him that if he did not visit the dentist "并结合常识可知，此处表示如果他不去看牙医，这种疼痛 会更糟糕。故选D。 4.语境推断。sometimes有时；recently最近；soon很快；especially尤其。根据上文 "There were not many people at the dentist's. "可知，看牙医的人不 多，因此，很快就轮到了Tom。故选C。 5.语境推断。dangerous危险的；friendly友好的；noisy吵闹的；careless粗心的。根据本句的 "and said hello to him with a smile "可知，牙医看起来友 好。故选B。 6.语境推断+生活常识。fill使充满；shut关闭；open张开；cover覆盖。根据空后的his mouth,再结合 Tom来看的是牙医可知，此处指牙医让Tom张开嘴。故选C。 7.语境推断。allow允许；ask询问；warn警告；promise承诺。根据本句的 "him that he would not feel any pain "及后一句 "Tom really did not feel any pain."中的really可知，这里表示医生向Tom承诺，Tom不会感觉到疼。故选D。 8.语境推断。right正确的；brave勇敢的；weak虚弱的；rich富有的。根据语境 "taught him the..way of brushing his teeth "并结合选项可知，这里表示牙医 还教给Tom正确的刷牙方法。故选A。 9.语境推断+逻辑推理。根据语境 "He also told Tom not to eat too many sweet things…his teeth would be healthy. "可知，此处表示他还告诉Tom不要吃太多甜食，这样Tom的牙齿就会健康。故选B。 10.语境推断。regret后悔；hope希望；realise意识到；guess猜测。根据 "how important it was to protect his teeth "可知，此处表示Tom意识到保护 牙齿多么重要。故选C。 例3（2023河南中考） It was a rainy,windy October afternoon.Garth stood outside his house with a wide smile. This was 1 weather for testing his new invention—Umbrella Hat.He could hardly wait to see whether it could keep the rain off.He carefully 2 the hat on his head and started walking 3 along the street.It worked! Suddenly,three boys in his neighborhood appeared and 4 him.Todd,the biggest one,pulled his Umbrella Hat off his head. "What's THIS? "he asked. "It's an Umbrella Hat.You can wear it on rainy days and.…."Garth said. The boys 5 , "Will anyone wear that stupid thing? "Todd threw the hat onto the ground and they ran off. Garth picked up his Umbrella Hat from the ground in tears. "Maybe Todd was 6 in reality,who would ever need this invention? " He lowered his head and thought to himself. Suddenly he 7 and saw a lady looking at him. "I was just leaving my house 8 I saw you and those boys.Are you okay?" Then she saw the 9 Umbrella Hat and asked, "Er.….what's that? " "It's my Umbrella Hat.I thought of it and made it myself…"answered Garth. "What a creative 10 you have!Don't ever let stupid boys put you down!Keep inventing and one day you will 11 something really great! "said the lady. "And you have given me a wonderful 12 , "she continued."I have a gadget（小器具）shop—Gadgets4U—and I'd like to hold a 13 to find the best young gadget inventor in our town.I will display（展示） three best inventions in my shop.I’m sure you will have a（n）14 of winning a prize." Garth was very 15 .Gadgets4U was one of his favorite places and the thought of having his invention displayed in that wonderful place was too exciting for words.He suddenly felt much better and could already feel lots of new ideas coming out,waiting to spring into life! 1.A.cold B.perfect C.strange D.changeable 2.A.raised B.placed C.dropped D.repaired 3.A.heavily B.madly C.thankfully D.purposefully 4.A.guided B.praised C.stopped D.refused 5.A.replied B.laughed C.wondered D.greeted 6.A.right B.angry C.polite D.silly 7.A.came up B.gave up C.looked up D.showed up 8.A.when B.until C.if D.after 9.A.ugly B.old C.broken D.tiny 10.A.mind B.habit C.game D.tool 11.A.show B.meet C.plan D.create 12.A.skill B.gift C.idea D.job 13.A.party B.meeting C.conversation D.competition 14.A.choice B.chance C.excuse D.experience 15.A.surprised B.bored C.relaxed D.worried 解析 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Garth发明了一个伞帽，在试验过程中遭到其他孩子的嘲笑，后来在商店老板的鼓励下，重新振作起来的故事。 1. 语境推断。cold 冷的；perfect 完美的；strange 陌生的，奇怪的；changeable 易变的。由上文 "It was a rainy.a wide smile. "和 下 文 "He could hardly wait to see whether it could keep the rain off. "可知，雨天对于测试他的新发明 来说是完美的天气。故选B。 2.语境推断。 raise 举起，提升；place 放置；drop 掉下；repair 修理。结合语境和空后的 the hat on his head 可知，此处指把伞帽小心地放在 头上。故选B。 3. 语境推断。 heavily 沉重地；madly 发狂地； thankfully 感激地；purposefully 有目的地。由上文 "He could hardly wait to see whether it could keep the rain off. "可知，他迫不及待地 想看看它能否挡住雨水，所以是有目的地走 在街上。故选D。 4.语境推断。 guide 指引 ；praise 称 赞 ；stop 停 止，阻止；refuse 拒绝。由下文 "pulled his Umbrella Hat off his head "可知，此处指拦住 了他。故选C。 5.语境推断。 reply 答复；laugh笑 ；wonder想 知 道；greet 问候。由下文 "Will anyone wear that stupid thing? "可知，这些男孩在嘲笑他。故选 B。 6.语境推断。 right 正确的；angry 生气的；polite 有礼貌的；silly 愚蠢的。由下文 "who would ever need this invention "可知，此时Garth 也 动摇了，认为可能Todd 是对的。故选A。 7. 语境推断。come up 出现；give up 放弃；look up 抬头看 ；show up 露 面 。由上文 "He lowered his head and thought to himself."可 知 ，Garth 因沮丧低下了头，所以此处指他抬 头看到一位女士在看他。故选C。 8.语法知识。 when当…时；until 直到…为止；if如果；after在…后。 "进行时+when引导的从句 "表示当某事正在进行时，另一件事突然发生。此处指 "我正要离开家，突然看到你和那些男孩 "。故选A。 9.语境推断。ugly丑的；old老的；broken坏掉的；tiny微小的。由上文 "Todd threw the hat onto the ground and they ran off."可知，伞帽可能摔坏了，这里指摔坏了的伞帽。故选C。 10.语境推断+固定搭配。mind智慧，头脑；habit习惯；game游戏，比赛；tool工具。由语境可知，此处女士在夸赞Garth有创造力，结合选项可知，creative和mind搭配，表示有创造性的头脑。故选A。 11.语境推断。show显示；meet遇见；plan计划；create创造。分析语境并结合空前的Keep inventing可知，此处指 "坚持发明，有朝一日你会创造出真正伟大的东西 "。故选D。 12.语境推断。skill技能；gift礼物；idea想法；job工作。由下文 "…I'd like to hold a..to find the best young gadget inventor…in my shop. "可知，此处女士的意思是 "你让我有了一个绝妙的想法 "。故选C。 13.语境推断。party聚会；meeting会议；conversation谈话；competition比赛。由下文to find the best young gadget inventor in our town和winning a prize可知，这里指举办一场比赛。故选D。 14.语境推断。choice选择；chance机会；excuse借口；experience经历。由上文 "What a creative….you have! "可知，女士很欣赏他的创造力，并确信他有机会获奖。故选B。 15.语境推断。surprised惊讶的；bored厌烦的；relaxed放松的；worried担心的。由下文 "Gadgets4U was one of his favorite places and the thought of having his invention displayed in that wonderful place was too exciting for words. "可知，听完那位女士的话，Garth感到很惊讶。故选A。 类型② 语法型 语法型完形填空重视考查学生基于语篇意义理解的语言知识运用能力，考查初中阶段的英语基础语法知识，主要包括：冠词、名词所有格、代词、介词、连词、形容词和副词的比较等级、动词（时态、语态、情态动词、非谓语动词）、宾语从句、感叹句等。语法型为近几年中考中新出现的完形填空类型，主要出现在陕西、广东等地的试题中。 例（2023广东中考） David is a 15-year-old boy and he is crazy about space.He always wonders how space stations work.For him,a space camp is 1 than any other camp in the world. At the age of seven,David had 2 first astronaut（宇航员）training experience He and his parents 3 to a Family Space Camp.They had a taste of what it was like to travel 4 space.Everything was magical.5 excited David was! David has been to many space camps over the last eight years.Last month,he went to 6 new space camp.It had a lot of fun training programs,7 he enjoyed all of them.There he was often asked 8 he liked space camps so much. "I feel like a real astronaut in the space camp,and I don’t even need 9 the earth,"he said. These experiences have influenced his life.Now David 10 space science.He has made up his mind to be a space engineer in the future. 1.A.great B.greater C.the greatest 2.A.he B.him C.his 3.A.invited B.are invited C.were invited 4.A.on B.in C.for 5.A.How B.What C.What an 6.A.a B.an C.the 7.A.or B.but C.and 8.A.why B.when C.where 9.A.leave B.leaving C.to leave 10.A.study B.is studying C.was studying 解析 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。David对太空很着迷，他参加了很多太空营，这些经历对他影响很 大，他希望未来能做一名太空工程师。 1.语法知识。考查形容词比较级。根据空后的than可知，此处应用比较级，故选B。 2.语法知识。考查形容词性物主代词。空后为名词短语first astronaut training experience,应用形 容词性物主代词修饰，故选C。 3.语法知识。考查一般过去时的被动语态。分析句子可知，主语He and his parents和谓语动词invite 之间存在被动关系，即他和他的父母被邀请参加一 个家庭太空营，所以此处应用被动语态；根据上下 文可知，时态为一般过去时，故选C。 4.固定搭配。考查介词。in space在太空，为固定短语，travel in space指在太空中旅行，故选B。 5.语法知识。考查感叹句。根据感叹句的结构 "How+形容词+主语+谓语! "可知，此处用How,故选A。 6.语法知识。考查冠词。根据语境可知，此处泛指一个新的太空营，应用不定冠词，new以辅音音 素开头，不定冠词用a,故选A。 7.语境推断+逻辑推理。考查并列连词。空前说这个新的太空营有很多有趣的培训项目，空后说他 全都喜欢，设空处前后为顺承关系，故选C。 8.语境推断+语法知识。考查宾语从句的连接词。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导宾语从句，再结合下文 中的 "I feel like a real astronaut in the space camp and I don't even need…the earth "可知，此处他在解释 他喜欢太空营的原因，连接词用why,故选A。 9.语法知识。考查动词的非谓语形式。根据本句中的助动词don’t可知，need在此处用作实义动词。need to do sth.需要做某事，动词不定式作宾语，故选C。 10.语境推断+语法知识。考查动词的时态。根据本句中的时间状语Now并结合语境可知，这里 应用现在进行时，故选B。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$