Unit 10 词汇、短语、知识点及写作 讲义2024-2025学年人教版（2012）英语八年级下册

人教版八年级英语下册（2024-2025）默写卷Unit 10. I have had this bike for three years. Unit 10.I have had this bike for three years. 一、词形转换 1.memory（名词）记忆，回忆→（复数） memories 2.make （动词）制作，生产 → （名词）生产者，制定者 maker 3.soft（形容词）柔软的→（反义词）坚硬的 hard 4.own（动词/形容词）拥有，自己的→（名词）主人 owner 5.certain（形容词）某种，某事，某人→（副词）无疑，确定，当然 certainly 6.true（形容词）正确的→（形容词）诚实的，真实的 truthful →（名词）真相，事实 truth →（副词）真正地 truly 7.century（名词）世纪→（复数） centuries 8.especially（副词）尤其，特别→（形容词）特殊的 special 9.child（名词）儿童 →（名词）童年 childhood 10.hold（动词）拥有，抓住，举行→（过去式） held →（过去分词） held 11.scarf (n.)围巾 →scarves (pl.) 12. honest (adj.)诚实的 → dishonest (adj.)不诚实的 13. have (v.)有 → (V-过去式) had → (V-过去分词) had 14. sleep (v.) 睡觉 → (V-过去式) slept → (V-过去分词) slept 15. feel (v.) 感觉 → (V-过去式) felt → (V-过去分词) felt 16 .meet (v.) 遇见，相逢 → (V-过去式) met → (V-过去分词) met 17. buy (v.)买→ (V-过去式) bought → (V-过去分词) bought 18. become (v.) 变成 → (V-过去式) became → (V-过去分词) become 19. get (v.) 得到 → (V-过去式) got → (V-过去分词) gotten 20. give (v.) 给 → (V-过去式) gave → (V-过去分词) given 二、词组（phrases） NO. CHINESE ENGLISH NO. CHINESE ENGLISH 1 在那边 over there 41 很想念... miss... a lot 2 3年 for 3 years 42 回到他们的家乡 be back to their hometown 3 学会如何做某事 learn how to do sth 43 离开家乡 leave the hometown 4 骑自行车 ride a bike 44 希望再次到这里 hope to visit the place again 5 举行庭院拍卖 have a yard sale 45 城镇图书馆 town library 6 使回忆起 bring back 46 音乐厅 concert hall 7 甜蜜的回忆 sweet memories 47 存在，一直有 be around 8 给...捐赠 give away to... 48 保持不变 stay the same 9 保留她的旧物 keep her old things 49 寻找 search for =look for 10 需要帮助的人 people in need 50 在城市里 in the city 11 三次 three times 51 在这些人中 among these people 12 不在 not...any more=no more 52 回到... return to 13 not...any longer=no longer 53 真遗憾 It’s a shame. 14 面包机 bread maker 54 做某事很羞愧 It’s a shame do sth. 15 玩具熊 toy bear 55 改善很大 improve so much 16 自从3天前 since 3 days 56 越来越多... more and more... 17 自从他是一个婴儿起 since he was a baby 57 在许多地方 in many places 18 布绒玩具 soft toy 58 在...和...之间 between ...to.. 19 欢迎到... welcome to 59 辛亏，由于 thanks to 20 可能有点旧 may be a bit old 60 开网店 open an online shop 21 喜欢阅读 love reading 61 上个世纪 last century 22 察看 check out 62 在...中间 in the middle of 23 棋类游戏 board game 63 派人做某事 send sb to do sth 24 最后一件东西 one last thing 64 帮着解决难题 help out 25 非常感谢 thanks so much 65 把...看作... regard ....as... 26 在初中 in junior high school 66 根据，依据 according to 27 清理 clear out 67 古树 old tree 28 他的四岁生日 his fourth birthday 68 如此快乐的童年 such a happy childhood 29 紧挨着，在...旁边 next to 69 如此多美好的回忆 so many great memories 30 做某事很难过 feel sad to do sth. 70 在...对面 acrosso from = opposite 31 放弃，交出 part with 71 在第一段 in the first paragraph 32 某些玩具 certain toys 72 到目前为止 so far 33 至于，关于 as for 73 接近，几乎 close to 34 足球衫 football skirt 74 家乡情 hometown feeling 35 老实说 to be honest 75 顺便问一下 by the way 36 一会，一阵 for a while 76 给某人某物 give sb sth= give sth. to sb 37 处理 do with 77 一个城市的男孩 an honest boy 38 拍卖得到的钱 the money from the sale 78 考虑做某事 consider doing sth 39 下个月 next month 79 沿着街 down/along the street 40 变冷 get cold 80 在某人看来 in one’s opinion 三、重难点、易考点 考点1、【易混辨析】no longer与no more no longer 相当于not...any longer，强调时间或状态上不再延续，通常和延续性动词连用 no more 相当于not...any more，强调数量或程度上不再变化，多与短暂性动词连用 Eg.He no longer lives in Shanghai. 他不再住在上海了。 There is no more bread. 没有面包了。 考点2、【易混辨析】重点：among与between 单词 用法 图解助记 among 表示“在三者或三者以上的人或事物之间”，其宾语通常是一个表示笼统数量或具有复数意义的名词或代词 Eg.Tom sits among his family. 汤姆坐在他的家人中间。 between 表示“在两者之间”，常和 and 连用 Eg.Tom sits between his father and mother. 汤姆坐在父母之间。 表示在三者或三者以上的人或事物中的“每两个之间” Eg.The medicine should be taken between three meals. 这药应该在三餐之间服用。（每两餐之间） 考点3、.keep 1）、用作系动词，意为“保持（某种状态）”，其后常接形容词作表语。 Please keep quiet / silent! 请保持安静！ 2）、用作实义动词， ①保管；保存；保留 keep sth for sb = keep sb sth 为某人保留某物 · Please keep these things for me while I am away. 我不在的时候请帮我保管这些东西。 ②赡养；饲养 I used to keep sheep in my childhood. 我小时候常养羊。 ③坚持；继续 keep on doing sth. 坚持做某事。 keep doing sth.一直做某事。 · If you keep practicing your spoken English, you'll soon make great progress. 如果你坚持练习英语口语，你很快就会取得很大进步。 ④阻止；阻碍 keep (prevent/stop) sb./sth. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事。 · The heavy rain didn't keep them from watching the football match. 大雨并没有阻止他们观看足球比赛。 ⑤保持，其后常接复合宾语，表示使（某人或某物）保持某种状态或使某一动作继续。 keep + sb./sth. + 介词短语 keep + sb./sth. + 形容词 keep + sb./sth. + v-ing ，“让某人 / 某物一直……”，强调动作的持续性。 · If your hands are cold, keep them in your pockets. 如果你的手很冷，把它们放在口袋里。 · These gloves will keep your hands warm. 这些手套会让你的手保持温暖。 · I'm sorry I've kept you waiting. 很抱歉，让你久等了。 四、语法突破 现在完成时（三） 一）、现在完成时的“未完成用法” 现在完成时表示动作或状态从过去某时开始，一直延续至今，还可能继续下去。这种用法称为“未完成用法”。此时常与for或since引导的时间状语（从句）连用。 表示“未完成”的句式 示例 现在完成时+ for +一段时间 We have known each other for twenty years. 我们认识有二十年了。 现在完成时+ since +表示过去的时间点 Mr. Smith has worked here since 1984. 自从1984年史密斯先生就在这里工作。 现在完成时+ since +一般过去时的从句 I have lived here since I was born. 我从出生就住在这儿。 【拓展延伸】 1.在现在完成时中，for与since引导的时间状语可以进行相互转换，即“for +时间段= since +时间段+ ago”。 Eg.I have kept the book for a month. = I have kept the book since a month ago. 我已经借这本书一个月了。 2.在现在完成时中，当谓语动词是延续性动词时，可以用how long提问。 Eg.He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。→ How long has he been a soldier?他参军多长时间了？ 二、延续性动词与非延续性动词 1.延续性动词表示经验、经历；非延续性动词表示行为的结果，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。有些非延续性动词可以用延续性动词替换并用在现在完成时中。 2.在现在完成时的句子中，若含有for或since引导的时间 状语，则句中谓语动词一定要用延续性动词。非延续性动词转换为延续性动词的方法有： （1）将非延续性动词转化为“be+形容词或副词”，这样才能和时间段连用： begin/start → be on（开始） marry → be married （结婚） coma back → be back（回来） come here → be here（来这里） open → be open（开业） close → be closed（关门） die → be dead （死） get/arrive/reach → be in/at（到达） finish → be over（结束） fall ill → be ill（生病） leave → be away （离开） join/become → be in/be a member of（参加；加入） （2）有的非延续性动词可以转化为意思相同的延续性动词 borrow/lend → keep （借） put on → wear/be on（穿） become → be （成为） get to know → know（认识） buy → have （买） catch a cold → have a cold（感冒） receive → have（收到） go to sleep → sleep（睡觉） Eg.【译】这家商店已经开业6小时了。 【误】The shop has opened for 6 hours. 【正】The shop has been open for 6 hours. 【注意】非延续性动词并非不可用于现在完成时态中，只是不能和表示“一段”时间的短语连用，但可与just，yet，already ，ever，never等连用。在完成时的否定句中，非延续性动词可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。 Eg.I haven’t caught a cold for two hours. 我已经2个月没感冒了。 语法小测 一、单项选择 1.They have been good friends ________ they joined the same basketball team. A.before B. for C.since D. because 2.—What a nice bike! How long have you ________ it? —Less than two weeks. A.had B.received C.bought D. borrowed 3.—Your new watch is so nice! When did you buy it? —In April. I ________ it for two months. A.have had B. had C. have bought D.bought 4.Julie’s father ________ to London last month. He ________ there three times. A.went; has gone B.has gone; has been C. went; has been D.has been; has gone 5.Lei Feng ________ for many years, but he still lives in the hearts of Chinese people. A.died B.was died C. has been died D. has been dead 6.We ________ each other since I came to Beijing, but we send e－mails very often. A.don't see B.didn't see C.won't see D.haven't seen 7.In the last ten years, great changes ________ place in my hometown. A. took B. had taken C. have taken D. take 8.—Mom, I want to watch the football game tonight. —Oh, dear, it ________ for a few minutes. Come on. A. has begun B. will begin C. has been on D. will be on 9.—Do you know her well? —Sure. We ________ friends since ten years ago. A. were B. became C. have become D. have been 10.—Are you a basketball player in your school? —Yes. I ________ the team 3 years ago. I ________ in it for 3 years. A.joined; was B.was joined; am C.have joined; have been D.joined; have been 11.We ________ to learn English three years ago. We ________ it for three years. A. began; learned B. begin; have learned C. have begun; will learn D. began; have learned 12.A China ________ great achievements in science and technology since 1978. A.makes B.made C.has made D.have made 13.—When will A Bite of China III begin tonight? —It ________ for ten minutes. A.will begin B.has begun C.will be on D.has been on 14.—________ have you stayed in this hotel? —Not long; just ________ this Monday. A. How soon; from B. How long; since　 C. How many days; for D. How often; on 15.—When did you buy this bike? —I ________ it when I was 11 years old. I have ________ it since three years ago. A.bought; bought B.bought; had C.had; bought D.bought; have 16.—________ have you been in Beijing? —For two days. A.How many B.How often C.How soon D.How long 17.—________ have you been interested in paper cutting, Tom? —Since I first came to China 10 years ago. A.How long B.When C.How soon D.How much 18.Cathy ________ her mother since she ________ to America. Her mother is worried about her a lot. A.has called; went B.has called; has gone C. hasn’t called; went D.hasn’t called; has gone 19.—Where is Mr. Wang? —He ________ to Beijing. He has ________ for two hours. A.has gone; been away B.has gone; left C.has been; left D.has been; been away 20.—Many people have been back to their work ________ March 5th. —Cities are brought back to life. A. for B. in C. since D. during 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1.Bruce ____________ (learn) Chinese for two years. He can speak it well. 2.Stephen Hawking ____________ (die) for over 3 months, but his spirit still lives on. 3.I have ____________ (have) this bread maker since I was 15 years old. 4.In many places, the government has also built new schools and ____________ (send) teachers from the cities to help. 5.He has worked on the farm since he ____________ (leave) the army. 五、交际用语 1.A:How long have you had that bike over there？你买那边那辆自行车多久了？ B:I've had it for three years.我买它三年了。 2.A:Why are you selling it?你为什么要卖它？ B:Because I don’t read it anymore.因为我不想再读了。 3.A: How much is it?多少钱？B: It’s 75 cents.75分。 4.A:Thanks so much!=Thanks a lot.=Thank you very much!非常感谢。 B:You're welcome./That's OK./That's all right./Not at all./No problem.不客气,不用谢。 5.A:Have you ever played football?你曾经踢过足球吗？ B:Yes,I have.踢过。/No,I haven’t.没踢过。 6、 单元话题写作（生活环境，①介绍自己拥有的物品②)介绍生活环境的变化。） 【范文1】 My favorite thing from childhood How time flies! During my life, there was one thing I will never want to part with. That is the most special sword because my grandfather made it for me with wood. I've had it since I was 6 years old.  When I was little. I really wanted a toy sword, so I always envy other kids. My grandfather made it and gave it to me. It's red, shining like a jewel so much that I was completely happy for a long time at that time（它是红色的，像珠宝一样闪耀以至于那段时间我特别开心）. Now when I grow up, I just know it's not just a normal toy，It's also show my grandfather's full love for me. This is the childhood experience that just belongs to myself（这是只属于我的童年经历）. I still keep it until now.  I love this toy sword, but I love my grandfather more. He not only made a lot of beauty in my childhood, but also gave me a special love and care. It is the most unforgettable part of my life. 【范文2】 My favorite cat There is always a special thing in everyone's heart, as for me, that is my cat. Every time when I think of it, many memories will come into my mind. I've had it for 2 years. Her name is rice dumpling because she's black and white. She always has two faces. On the one hand, she's always very quiet and shy when facing people. Everyone falls in love with her because of her  cuteness in the first sight（第一眼看见她就会因为它的可爱爱上她）. On the other hand, she gets angry very easily, especially when she meets a dog. She often fights with dogs. However, the winning side always belongs to her , so the dogs in the neighborhood are afraid of her. I have named it "fight cat" since then. She is the one I can always tell my happiness and sadness. You can never imagine how lovely she is. I really like her because she warmed my world like the sun. 【范文3】 The Changes in My Hometown In the past, people in my hometown lived a poor life. The houses were old and small. Pollution was very serious, and there was rubbish everywhere. The traffic was not convenient, so few visitors came here. Now great changes have taken place in my hometown. The environment has improved a lot. The mountains have turned greener, the rivers clearer and the sky bluer. There are trees, flowers and grass everywhere. People live a better life. Their houses are large and bright. Many people have their own cars. So it’s more convenient to travel around. Every year, thousands of people from all over the world come to visit my hometown. In the future, I believe my hometown will be more beautiful. People’s lives will be better and better. 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$