Unit 4 Period 3 Using Language（分层作业）英语人教版2019选择性必修第一册

Unit 4 Period 3 Using Language分层练习 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 一．汉译英 1． vt. 揭示；显示；露出 2． vt. 使更清晰易懂；阐明；澄清 3． vt. 把……放低；降低；减少 adj. 下面的；下方的；较小的 4． vt. 意味着；暗示 5． vi. 盯着看；凝视 n. 凝视 6． n. 天花板；上限 7． vt. 察觉；看待；理解 8． n. 胸部；胸膛 9． adj. 羞愧；惭愧 10． adv. 只是；仅仅；只不过 11． vi. & vt. 费心；麻烦；因……操心 n. 麻烦；不便 12． vi. & vt. 哭泣；流泪 13． n. 矛盾；冲突 vi. 冲突；抵触 14． vi. & vt. 询问；打听 15． n. 语气；腔调；口吻 汉译英 1．be confident 对……感到自信 2． other words 换句话说；也就是说 3． instance 例如；比如 4． the same time 同时 5．be interested 对……感兴趣 6．look 抬头看；查阅 7．call （短暂地）访问；要求（某人讲话等）；正式邀请 8． work 有某种影响；在工作 9．react 对……作出反应；回应 10．communicate sb. 与某人交流 二、单句语法填空 1．She is addicted to (buy) new things. 2．Buying a car is simply (waste) money. 3．The newly-invented medicine will play a significant role in (cure) the rare disease. 4．We are discussing several approaches to (prove) the theory. 5．The boy was very honest. He admitted (break) the window of the classroom. 6．His suggestion is worth (consider). 7．Nevertheless, that shouldn’t stop you from (have) a great time. 8．For safety, drivers must avoid (smoke) while driving. 9．Mario is used to (volunteer) at an animal hospital now. 10．The Great Wall is too high. I have difficulty (climb) it alone. 11．If the golden sun should stop (shine) its light, just one smile from you would make my whole world bright. 12．After a long day at work, a home-cooked meal gives me the feeling of (take) care of. 13．He quit (smoke) last month and has felt much healthier since then. 14．But I know Jimmy will meet me here if he’s alive, for he always was the truest and most (rely) fellow in the world. 15．I didn’t mind (get) up early in the morning for exercise. 16．Michael’s (assess) of the current economy is reasonable. 17．With limited resources, the small museum had trouble (conserve) its precious historical paintings. 18．The machine can’t stand (expose) to heavy rain. 19．It is essential that, for the purpose of maintaining good health, you (vary) your diet by including different kinds of nutritious foods. 20．Embarrassed and (shame), I can’t concentrate on anything. Please help！ 三、（1）根据汉语意思翻译下列句子 1．政府号召公众遵循绿色出行理念，这不仅能改善生活质量，还能为环境保护做出贡献。(call) _______________________________________________________________________________ 2．已有40年历史的上海车展，见证了中国汽车工业从学习者到创新者的蜕变。(witness) 3．这位年迈的物理学家背井离乡数十载，如今重返故里，惊觉当年手植的小树已亭亭如盖。 (strike) 4．尴尬又羞愧，我做什么事都无法集中注意力。（concentrate on） 5．我既尴尬又羞愧，做什么事都无法集中精力。 6．人与人之间的友好关系是建立在双向奔赴基础上的。(effort) 7．提前一周提交申请后，学生可以免费使用体育馆里的设备。(submit) 8．邻居阿婆原本觉得美图软件这类新潮玩意儿用起来会很麻烦，但跟着侄女没学几次就能自如地给照片改色调了。（as） 9．比起看恐怖电影，他更喜欢读武侠小说。(prefer) 10．民俗庆典呈现出传统习俗与新技术交相辉映的发展趋势。(tendency)  11．直到妻子与他离了婚，他才意识到他应该多抽一些时间陪伴家人，而不是一心只有工作。 (until) 12．直到参加毕业典礼的时候有些同学才后悔没有好好珍惜那宝贵的同学情谊。（until） 13．与其担心可能的失败而畏手畏脚，错失良机，不如仔细计划，大胆行动。(rather) 14．既然生活中压力不可避免，何不调整心态，积极应对？（why not） 15．运动学有助于调整旋转时间。 16．短春未必是定局，每年的春季长短各有不同。(as) 17．由于缺乏充足的资金支持，那家新兴科技公司似乎难以在竞争激烈的市场中立足。(appear) 18．在狂风骤雨中，那位志愿者不顾个人安危，坚持帮助受困居民，渡过难关后继续行善。(cling, pull) 19．尽管经历了起起落落，这位艺术家仍然致力于用他的画作给古色古香的建筑注入新的生命。(commit) 20．只有直接处理环境污染和全球变暖的问题，超过十亿的物种才不会面临灭绝的风险。(Only) 三、（2）（24-25高三下·河北保定·开学考试）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The handshake has been part of global society for a long time. In ancient Rome, the gesture was used to convey friendship and 1 (loyal). Pairs of clasped hands even appeared on Roman coins, 2 (indicate) the importance of the action. We can see that the handshake served to convey peaceful intentions, but why? One theory 3 (link) to the fact that most of us are right-handed, and thus would have held a weapon in our right hands. By offering 4 empty right hand, strangers could show they were not armed and had no ill will to the other person. Shaking hands has become an essential part of business. Even though handshakes aren’t 5 (literal) used to confirm whether or not the other person is holding weapons anymore, they’ve maintained 6 (they) signal of showing good intentions. That’s a very important signal in business contexts, 7 people often meet with strangers in highly important settings. However, many 8 (country) don’t shake hands at all. In Japan, people bow 9 each other when meeting, while Ethiopian men touch shoulders. Therefore, it is important 10 (respect) different customs when we meet people from different backgrounds. 四、阅读理解 （2025·四川攀枝花·三模）A new study from Nottingham Trent University (NTU) indicates that people who are more facially expressive are generally more likable and socially successful. The research, which analyzed over 1,500 natural conversations, suggests that complex facial muscle movements can strengthen social bonds and improve social interactions. In the initial phase, researchers engaged with 52 participants in video calls designed to get a range of everyday situations, such as humor, embarrassment and conflict. The participants were further challenged to maintain a still face while their partners attempted to stimulate movement, testing their ability to control facial expressions. Following these interactions, the participants recorded short videos, where they aimed to achieve specific social goals, like disagreeing with someone but without being disliked. These clips of videos were then rated by over 170 independent observers, assessing the readability of the emotions and expressions displayed. The researchers applied the Facial Action Coding System (FACS), a method for measuring facial muscle activity, to evaluate each participant’s expressivity (表现能力). Afterwards, the study extended to analyze an existing database of natural video conversations between 1,456 strangers, where the participants rated their conversational partners’ likability. The study revealed that individuals who were more expressive were more likable by both independent observers and their conversation partners. Additionally, these expressive individuals were easier to read and more skillful at using facial behaviors to achieve their social goals. “This is a study to examine facial expression in real-world interactions,” said the study’s lead author, Eithne Kavanagh. “Our evidence shows that facial expressivity is related to positive social outcomes. It suggests that more expressive people are more successful at attracting social partners and building relationships. It also could be important in conflict resolution.” The research highlights the significant role which facial expressions play in successful social interactions. 1．How did the researchers examine the participants’ ability to control facial expressions? A．By asking them to make complex facial muscle movements. B．By asking them to watch humorous videos and keep a still face. C．By having them use facial behaviors to achieve their social goals. D．By having their partners try to make them produce facial movements. 2．What were the participants asked to do after the first stage? A．Rate the videos of other participants. B．Engage in further social interactions. C．Assess the readability of their own emotions. D．Record short videos under specific conditions. 3．What can we learn about the FACS? A．It is a tool to assess facial muscle activity. B．It decides the social success of individuals. C．It improves the likability of facial expressions. D．It is a method for promoting participants’ likability. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．FACS: A New Method for Social Science B．Facial Expressions: Important for Social Success C．The Development of Facial Muscle Movements D．The Way to Be Likable and Socially Successful 五、七选五 （2025·福建宁德·三模）Understanding Body Language By learning to recognize the small cues people give off through their posture, gestures, and facial expressions, you can better understand their emotions and intentions. 1 Thus, it is a powerful tool for cross-cultural communication and building relationships. Cultural differences in body language Body language can be interpreted differently across cultures. These variations are crucial for building effective relationships in this globalized world. What’s polite in one culture may seem disrespectful in another. 2 When traveling to a new country or working with remote clients, preparation is key. You can ask from a place of respectful curiosity — what type of communication method and frequency do they prefer? 3 If your gestures seem exaggerated (夸张), you might say, “I may have noticed my using hands a lot, but it’s part of my culture and personality. If it distracted you from anything, let me know so I can clarify.” Common mistakes when reading body language 4 It means that we read too much into why the person said or did it. Another mistake is misunderstanding nonverbal cues. For instance, direct eye contact is seen as a sign of respect in some cultures, while in others, it may be considered rude. To avoid body language misinterpretation, pay attention to the context and overall behavior. 5 Not every gesture has the same meaning in every situation. Ultimately, the best way to handle body language complexities is to stay curious. Always observing others’ nonverbal communication and reflecting on your own consciously is a wise approach. A．So how can you handle these differences? B．What is the significance of body language? C．Most people know how to handle the cultural differences. D．Be mindful of the context in which body language occurs. E．Sincerity is also essential to bridge gaps and understand each other. F．Many of us overanalyze the meaning of body language when interpreting it. G．Understanding body language makes conversations more caring and effective. 六、完形填空 （2024·上海宝山·一模）At times we all wish that we knew what other people were thinking. 1 , people’s facial expressions, movements and posture (姿势) can communicate a lot about what is going on in their minds. Understanding these messages hidden in people’s language can require a lot of skill, but Joe Navarro’s book What EVERY BODY is Saying can help 2 that ability. Small changes in body language can help you recognize if someone is 3 . Even when people don’t lie directly, they sometimes try to hide their feelings. Whether you are 4 with people in business or in your personal life, recognizing these feelings can help you look out for their interests and your own. According to Navarro, establishing a baseline for how a person behaves is important to avoid 5 their body language. Most facial expressions and gestures can mean several different things, so 6 when people use certain expressions. Recognizing this baseline can help you understand whether expressions and gestures indicate a(n) 7 to something you said or not. For example, rubbing one’s eyes may be a sign of 8 with a topic. But if the person has been rubbing their eyes 9 , they might just be tired. When people think of body language, facial expressions tend to come to mind, and these can tell you a lot. For example, if someone keeps looking away from you, they might be distracted or uncomfortable, and pressing one’s lips together often indicates 10 . And if someone keeps looking away or covering their mouth, it might mean they are 11 something. Some people have become good at controlling their facial expressions to conceal their 12 . When dealing with someone like that, look at the rest of their body, especially their feet and legs. Many people bounce their feet when they are happy or excited. 13 , if someone feels uncomfortable, they may point their feet away from the person they are speaking to. Proximity (接近，亲近) to other people is also part of body language. People stand closer to people they like or feel comfortable with than to strangers or people they don’t like. And posture also 14 . Sitting or standing up straight can show that someone feels confident, while sitting with crossed arms indicates that they feel 15 or uncomfortable. Body language can communicate a lot about people's thoughts and feelings, and thus, help you relate to them. 1．A．Frequently B．Generally C．Fortunately D．Frankly 2．A．provide B．develop C．discover D．arouse 3．A．lying B．thinking C．changing D．wishing 4．A．cooperating B．negotiating C．investigating D．interacting 5．A．misguiding B．misinterpreting C．mistrusting D．mismanaging 6．A．look out B．give out C．figure out D．put out 7．A．reaction B．result C．instinct D．insight 8．A．satisfaction B．anxiety C．appreciation D．discomfort 9．A．occasionally B．constantly C．suddenly D．gradually 10．A．agreement B．excitement C．depression D．displeasure 11．A．hiding B．criticizing C．transferring D．explaining 12．A．habits B．expressions C．emotions D．advantages 13．A．In principle B．In contrast C．In all D．In reality 14．A．adjusts B．follows C．moves D．matters 15．A．defensive B．ambitious C．dependent D．aggressive 1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 4 Period 3 Using Language分层练习 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 一．汉译英 1． vt. 揭示；显示；露出 2． vt. 使更清晰易懂；阐明；澄清 3． vt. 把……放低；降低；减少 adj. 下面的；下方的；较小的 4． vt. 意味着；暗示 5． vi. 盯着看；凝视 n. 凝视 6． n. 天花板；上限 7． vt. 察觉；看待；理解 8． n. 胸部；胸膛 9． adj. 羞愧；惭愧 10． adv. 只是；仅仅；只不过 11． vi. & vt. 费心；麻烦；因……操心 n. 麻烦；不便 12． vi. & vt. 哭泣；流泪 13． n. 矛盾；冲突 vi. 冲突；抵触 14． vi. & vt. 询问；打听 15． n. 语气；腔调；口吻 【答案】 1．reveal 2．clarify 3．lower 4．imply 5．stare 6．ceiling 7．perceive 8．chest 9．ashamed 10．merely 11．bother 12．weep 13．conflict 14．inquire 15．tone 汉译英 1．be confident 对……感到自信 2． other words 换句话说；也就是说 3． instance 例如；比如 4． the same time 同时 5．be interested 对……感兴趣 6．look 抬头看；查阅 7．call （短暂地）访问；要求（某人讲话等）；正式邀请 8． work 有某种影响；在工作 9．react 对……作出反应；回应 10．communicate sb. 与某人交流 【答案】 1．about 2．in 3．for 4．at 5．in 6．up 7．on 8．at 9．to 10．with 二、单句语法填空 1．She is addicted to (buy) new things. 【答案】buying 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她沉迷于购买新东西。本句使用了固定短语“be addicted to doing”表示“沉迷于做某事”，其中 to 为介词，其后应接动名词作宾语。buy的动名词形式为buying。故填buying。 2．Buying a car is simply (waste) money. 【答案】wasting 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：买辆车简直就是在浪费钱。句子已有谓语is，空处需填非谓语动词作表语，且主语Buying a car为动名词短语，表语也应用动名词形式与其对应，强调习惯性、抽象的动作。故填wasting。 3．The newly-invented medicine will play a significant role in (cure) the rare disease. 【答案】curing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这种新研发的药物将在治疗这种罕见疾病方面发挥重要作用。作介词的宾语，用动名词形式。故填curing。 4．We are discussing several approaches to (prove) the theory. 【答案】proving 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们正在讨论证明这一理论的几种方法。空前的to为介词，approach和to搭配，表示“……的方法”，空处应用prove“证明”的动名词形式，作宾语。故填proving。 5．The boy was very honest. He admitted (break) the window of the classroom. 【答案】breaking 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这个男孩很诚实。他承认打碎了教室的窗户。分析句子结构，空格处需填入非谓语动词作admitted的宾语，“admit doing sth.”为固定搭配，表示“承认做过某事”可知，此处使用break的动名词形式作宾语。故填breaking。 6．His suggestion is worth (consider). 【答案】considering 【详解】考查固定短语及动名词。句意：他的建议值得考虑。be worth doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“值得做某事”，所以此处应用consider的动名词形式，作宾语。故填considering。 7．Nevertheless, that shouldn’t stop you from (have) a great time. 【答案】having 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，那不应阻止你度过一段愉快的时光。此处为短语“stop sb. from doing sth.”，表示“阻止某人做某事”，应填have的动名词形式作宾语。故填having。 8．For safety, drivers must avoid (smoke) while driving. 【答案】smoking 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了安全，司机们必须避免在开车时吸烟。根据空前“avoid”可知此处为短语“avoid doing sth.”，表示“避免做某事”，应填smoke的动名词形式作宾语。故填smoking。 9．Mario is used to (volunteer) at an animal hospital now. 【答案】volunteering 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：马里奥现在习惯在一家动物医院做志愿工作。此处为短语“be used to doing sth.”，表示“习惯做某事”，应填volunteer的动名词作宾语。故填volunteering。 10．The Great Wall is too high. I have difficulty (climb) it alone. 【答案】climbing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：长城太高了。我独自攀登它有困难。根据空前“have difficulty”可知此处为短语“have difficulty (in) doing sth.”，表示“做某事有困难”，应填climb的动名词形式作宾语。故填climbing。 11．If the golden sun should stop (shine) its light, just one smile from you would make my whole world bright. 【答案】shining 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果金色的太阳停止了它耀眼的光芒，你的一个微笑将照亮我的整个世界。结合句意可知此处指“停止做某事”，表示停止正在做的事情，使用stop doing sth，故填shining。 12．After a long day at work, a home-cooked meal gives me the feeling of (take) care of. 【答案】being taken 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：工作了漫长的一天后，一顿家常菜让我有被照顾的感觉。提示词作介词宾语，用动名词形式，且take care of与其逻辑主语me之间是被动关系，用动名词的被动形式being taken care of。故填being taken。 13．He quit (smoke) last month and has felt much healthier since then. 【答案】smoking 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他上个月戒烟了，从那以后他感觉健康多了。quit doing sth.为固定用法，意为“停止做某事”，空处需填动名词作宾语。故填smoking。 14．But I know Jimmy will meet me here if he’s alive, for he always was the truest and most (rely) fellow in the world. 【答案】reliable 【详解】考查形容词。句意：但我知道，如果吉米还活着，他一定会来这里见我，因为他一直是世界上最真诚、最可靠的人。此处为形容词作定语，与形容词“truest”并列，共同修饰名词fellow，rely的形容词为reliable表示“可靠的”，符合语境。故填reliable。 15．I didn’t mind (get) up early in the morning for exercise. 【答案】getting 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我不介意早上早起锻炼。空处应填动名词作mind的宾语，mind doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“介意做某事”。故填getting。 16．Michael’s (assess) of the current economy is reasonable. 【答案】assessment 【详解】考查名词。句意：迈克尔对当前经济的评估是合理的。根据空前“Michael’s”可知，空处需用名词，assess的名词形式为assessment“评估”，在句中作主语。故填assessment。 17．With limited resources, the small museum had trouble (conserve) its precious historical paintings. 【答案】conserving 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于资源有限，这家小博物馆在保护其珍贵的历史画作方面遇到了困难。根据固定搭配“have trouble (in) doing sth.”意为“做某事有困难”可知，空格处需用动名词形式作介词“in”的宾语，介词“in”可省略。故填conserving。 18．The machine can’t stand (expose) to heavy rain. 【答案】being exposed 【详解】考查动名词。句意：这台机器经受不住被大雨淋。根据stand doing sth意为“忍受做某事”可知，此处使用动名词作宾语，根据be exposed to sth意为“暴露于”可知，expose与逻辑主语之间为被动关系，所以此处使用动名词的被动形式。故填being exposed。 19．It is essential that, for the purpose of maintaining good health, you (vary) your diet by including different kinds of nutritious foods. 【答案】should vary/vary 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：为了保持健康，你有必要使饮食多样化，摄入不同种类的营养食物。在“It is essential that...”这个句型中，that引导的主语从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”，其中should可以省略。故填(should) vary。 20．Embarrassed and (shame), I can’t concentrate on anything. Please help！ 【答案】ashamed 【详解】考查形容词。句意：感到尴尬和羞愧，我无法集中精力做任何事情。请帮帮我！此处为形容词作状语，根据空前的形容词embarrassed和and可知，此处应填shame的形容词形式ashamed，意为“感到羞愧得”，修饰主语I，表示主语当时的状态。故填ashamed。 三、（1）根据汉语意思翻译下列句子 1．政府号召公众遵循绿色出行理念，这不仅能改善生活质量，还能为环境保护做出贡献。(call) _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The government calls on the public to follow the concept of green travel, which can not only improve the quality of life but also contribute to environmental protection. 【详解】考查固定短语和定语从句。主语为government；表示“号召某人做某事”短语为call on sb. to do sth.；表示“公众”用名词the public；表示“遵循绿色出行理念”翻译为follow the concept of green travel；后跟非限制性定语从句，修饰上文句子，从句缺少主语，故用which；表示“不仅……而且……”句型为not only…but also…；表示“改善生活质量”为improve the quality of life；表示“为环境保护做出贡献”翻译为contribute to environmental protection，且can后跟动词原形。故翻译为The government calls on the public to follow the concept of green travel, which can not only improve the quality of life but also contribute to environmental protection. 2．已有40年历史的上海车展，见证了中国汽车工业从学习者到创新者的蜕变。(witness) 【答案】With a history of 40 years, the Shanghai Auto Show has witnessed the transformation of China’s automobile industry from a learner to an innovator. 【详解】考查介词短语、名词短语、动词和时态。根据句意以及句子的提示词可知，表示“有40年的历史”应为介词短语With a history of 40 years；表示“上海车展”应为名词短语the Shanghai Auto Show；表示“见证了”为动词witness；表示“中国汽车工业的蜕变”应为名词短语the transformation of China’s automobile industry；表示“从学习者到创新者”应为介词短语from a learner to an innovator；结合句意可知，该句应为陈述已经发生的事情，为现在完成时。故翻译为：With a history of 40 years, the Shanghai Auto Show has witnessed the transformation of China’s automobile industry from a learner to an innovator. 3．这位年迈的物理学家背井离乡数十载，如今重返故里，惊觉当年手植的小树已亭亭如盖。 (strike) 【答案】After decades of living far from home, the aged physicist returned to his hometown, only to be struck by the sight that the small tree he had planted with his own hands had grown into a towering one with a thick, shady canopy. 【详解】考查动词、名词、形容词和从句。根据中文提示可知，表示“背井离乡数十载(后)”应用After decades of living far from home，为介词短语作状语，其中 living far from home(离乡)为动名词作宾语；表示“这位年迈的物理学家”应用the aged physicist ，为名词短语作主语；表示“重返故里”应用returned to his hometown，时态用一般过去时表示过去情况；表示“惊觉(景象)”应用only to be struck by the sight，其中be struck by表“惊觉”， only to do sth.，为不定式短语表示出乎意料的结果；表示“当年手植的小树已亭亭如盖”应用that the small tree he had planted with his own hands had grown into a towering one with a thick, shady canopy，为同位语从句解释说明the sight，其中he had planted with his own hands(当年手植的)为定语从句修饰前面名词the small tree，a towering one with a thick, shady canopy(一棵有着浓密阴凉树冠的大树)，为名词短语作宾语，这里时态都用过去完成时，表“过去的过去”概念。故翻译为After decades of living far from home, the aged physicist returned to his hometown, only to be struck by the sight that the small tree he had planted with his own hands had grown into a towering one with a thick, shady canopy. 4．尴尬又羞愧，我做什么事都无法集中注意力。（concentrate on） 【答案】Embarrassed and ashamed, I can’t concentrate on anything. 【详解】考查形容词和动词短语。“尴尬”是形容词embarrassed，“羞愧”是形容词ashamed，“尴尬又羞愧”用形容词短语embarrassed and ashamed在句中作状语；“无法做某事”用can’t do sth；“集中注意力”是固定短语concentrate on，“做什么事都无法集中注意力”中“什么事”用 anything 表示。故翻译为Embarrassed and ashamed, I can’t concentrate on anything.。 5．我既尴尬又羞愧，做什么事都无法集中精力。 【答案】Embarrassed and ashamed, I can’t concentrate on anything. 【详解】考查形容词、固定短语。表示“我”用I，作主语。表示“专注于……”用concentrate on，谓语用can’t concentrate on。表示“任何事情”用anything，作宾语。表示“尴尬和羞愧”用形容词embarrassed and ashamed，作状语。句首字母大写，故翻译为Embarrassed and ashamed, I can’t concentrate on anything. 6．人与人之间的友好关系是建立在双向奔赴基础上的。(effort) 【答案】The friendly/good/harmonious relations/relationships between two people are built on mutual effort. 【详解】考查时态、名词短语和动词短语。根据句意可知，该句描述一般事实，应用一般现在时。表示“友好的”可用形容词friendly、good或者harmonious。表示“关系”可用名词relation或者relationship；表示“友好关系”可用名词短语the friendly/good/harmonious relation/relationship，名词复数作主语表泛指。表示“人与人之间的”可用介词短语between two people，作定语，修饰relation/relationship；表示“建立在……基础上”可用动词短语be built on；动词build与主语relations/relationships之间存在被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态。表示“双向奔赴”应用mutual effort，作宾语。故翻译为The friendly/good/harmonious relations/relationships between two people are built on mutual effort. 7．提前一周提交申请后，学生可以免费使用体育馆里的设备。(submit) 【答案】After submitting an application a week in advance, students have free access to the equipment in the gym. 【详解】考查动词和名词。“……后”可以用介词after表示；“提交申请”翻译为submit an application，在介词after后作宾语，submit用动名词形式；“提前一周”翻译为a week in advance；“学生”翻译为students；“免费使用”用短语have free access to表示；“体育馆里的设备”翻译为the equipment in the gym。句子陈述目前事实，应用一般现在时。故翻译为After submitting an application a week in advance, students have free access to the equipment in the gym. 8．邻居阿婆原本觉得美图软件这类新潮玩意儿用起来会很麻烦，但跟着侄女没学几次就能自如地给照片改色调了。（as） 【答案】Granny next door originally thought that using trendy apps like photo-editing software, would be very troublesome. However, as she learned from her niece for just a few times, she was able to adjust the color of the photos with ease. 【详解】考查句子结构、宾语从句、状语从句和时态。汉语句描述的是过去的事情和动作，总体上应使用一般过去时。原句可从逗号处划分为两个层次，翻译为两个独立的英语句子。第一句可使用主谓宾结构，主语为“邻居阿婆”，译为granny next door。谓语为“觉得”，译为thought，“原本”可用副词originally作状语修饰谓语。 “美图软件这类新潮玩意儿用起来会很麻烦”译为第一个句子的宾语，处理为宾语从句。句子实际想说的是“用美图软件这类新潮玩意儿麻烦”，因此可使用主系表结构，用动名词短语using…作主语。“美图软件这类新潮玩意儿”，可译为trendy apps like photo-editing software，其中“玩意儿”实际是指apps，“新潮”可使用形容词trendy。“美图软件这类”可用介词短语like photo-editing software作后置定语修饰trendy apps。整个动名词短语作宾语从句的主语，译为using trendy apps like photo-editing software。“会很麻烦”译为系表结构would be very troublesome，这个动作是相对于主句thought之后发生的，可使用过去将来时。因此第一个句子整体翻译为Granny next door originally thought that using trendy apps like photo-editing software, would be very troublesome.。第二句中，“跟着侄女没学几次”可译为时间状语从句，用提示词as来引导，从句使用主谓宾结构，需要增补主语she，指阿婆。谓语使用动词短语learn from来表达“跟某人学”之意，因此该时间状语从句可译为as she learned from her niece for just a few times。“就能自如地给照片改色调了”译为第二句的主句，同样需要增补主语she。“能给照片调色”可译was able to adjust the color of the photos，“自如”可用介词短语with ease作方式状语。因此第二句翻译为However, as she learned from her niece for just a few times, she was able to adjust the color of the photos with ease.。故翻译为Granny next door originally thought that using trendy apps like photo-editing software, would be very troublesome. However, as she learned from her niece for just a few times, she was able to adjust the color of the photos with ease.。 9．比起看恐怖电影，他更喜欢读武侠小说。(prefer) 【答案】He prefers reading Kung fu novels to watching horror movies. 【详解】考查动词，固定短语和非谓语动词。表示“他”应用he，在本句中作主语，位于句首，首字母大写；表示“比起做……更喜欢做……”应用固定短语prefer doing sth. to doing sth.，句子描述的是一般性的喜好，时态用一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数，谓语动词prefer用单数形式；表示“看恐怖电影”应用watching horror movies，为动名词短语作介词 to后宾语；表示“读武侠小说”应用reading Kung fu novels，为动名词短语作动词prefer后宾语。故翻译为He prefers reading Kung fu novels to watching horror movies. 10．民俗庆典呈现出传统习俗与新技术交相辉映的发展趋势。(tendency)  【答案】There is a growing tendency to integrate traditional customs with/into new technologies in a folk celebration ceremony. Folk celebration ceremonies are showing a tendency to combine traditional customs with new technologies. 【详解】考查短语、时态、非谓语动词和there be句型。表示“某处有(存在)某 人或某物”，其结构为 There be句型；“趋势”用名词tendency，后接不定式作后置定语；“与……交相辉映”用短语integrate /combine…with…；“传统习俗”翻译为traditional customs；“新技术”翻译为new technologies；“民俗庆典”翻译为folk celebration ceremony。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。故翻译为There is a growing tendency to integrate traditional customs with/into new technologies in a folk celebration ceremony./Folk celebration ceremonies are showing a tendency to combine traditional customs with new technologies. 11．直到妻子与他离了婚，他才意识到他应该多抽一些时间陪伴家人，而不是一心只有工作。 (until) 【答案】He didn’t realize that he should have spared more time to keep the family company/ stay with the family instead of being obsessed with/ absorbed in his work until his wife divorced him. 【详解】考查时态、时间状语从句。表示“他”用he，作主语，位于句首，首字母大写。表示“意识到”用realize，句子时态用一般过去时，表示过去发生的事情，因此用谓语didn’t realize。表示“他应该多抽一些时间陪伴家人，而不是一心只有工作”用宾语从句，从句中：用he作主语；表示“应该做某事”用should have done，表示对过去的虚拟，意为“本应该做某事而未做”；表示“抽出时间做某事”用spare time to do sth.，谓语用should have spared；表示“陪伴家人”用keep the family company或stay with the family，用不定式，作目的状语。表示“一心只有工作”用be obsessed with或be absorbed in，表示“沉迷于……”或“专注于……”，作instead of的宾语。表示“直到妻子与他离了婚”用until引导的时间状语从句，从句主语用his wife，表示“离婚”用divorce，结合句子意思可知，从句描述过去的动作，时态用一般过去时，谓语用divorced，宾语用him。故翻译为He didn’t realize that he should have spared more time to keep the family company/ stay with the family instead of being obsessed with/ absorbed in his work until his wife divorced him. 12．直到参加毕业典礼的时候有些同学才后悔没有好好珍惜那宝贵的同学情谊。（until） 【答案】Some students didn’t regret not cherishing the precious friendship among classmates until they attended the graduation ceremony. 【详解】考查时态和非谓语动词、固定句型。表示“有些学生”some students，作主语。表示“直到……才……”用 not...until...结构。句子描述的是过去发生的事情，所以用一般过去时。表示“后悔做过某事”用 regret doing sth.，didn’t regret作谓语。表示“珍惜”用cherish，用动名词cherishing的否定形式not cherishing，作宾语。 表示“宝贵的同学情谊”用the precious friendship among classmates，作not cherishing的宾语。“参加毕业典礼”用attend the graduation ceremony。until they attended the graduation ceremony作时间状语。故翻译为Some students didn’t regret not cherishing the precious friendship among classmates until they attended the graduation ceremony. 13．与其担心可能的失败而畏手畏脚，错失良机，不如仔细计划，大胆行动。(rather) 【答案】Rather than hesitating over potential failures and losing chances, plan thoroughly and act boldly. 【详解】考查固定短语、动词短语和副词。分析句子可知，句子描述的是一般情况，用一般现在时；表示“与其担心可能的失败而畏手畏脚，错失良机”应用Rather than hesitating over potential failures and losing chances，其中本句使用了“rather than”结构，意为 “而不是”，后接动名词形式作介词宾语，hesitating over potential failures为动名词短语作介词宾语，意为“因可能的失败而犹豫不决”，losing chances为动名词短语作并列成分，表示“错失良机”；表示“不如仔细计划，大胆行动”应用plan thoroughly and act boldly，为并列的两个动作建议，祈使句，其中plan thoroughly意为“仔细计划”，act boldly意为“大胆行动”，thoroughly和boldly均为副词作状语修饰动词。故翻译为Rather than hesitating over potential failures and losing chances, plan thoroughly and act boldly. 14．既然生活中压力不可避免，何不调整心态，积极应对？（why not） 【答案】Since stress in life is inevitable, why not adjust our mindset and face it positively? 【详解】考查固定句型。按照题目要求，“何不……”可以使用句型why not...；“既然”翻译为since，“生活中的压力”翻译为stress in life；“不可避免的”使用形容词inevitable；“调整心态”翻译为adjust our mindset，“积极应对”翻译为face it positively。句子陈述目前事实，应用一般现在时。故翻译为Since stress in life is inevitable, why not adjust our mindset and face it positively? 15．运动学有助于调整旋转时间。 【答案】Kinematics helps adjust rotation timing. 【详解】考查名词和动词。“运动学”翻译为kinematics，作主语；“有助于”用动词help，作谓语，句子描述客观情况用一般现在时，主语是学科名词，谓语动词用三单形式；“调整”用动词adjust；“旋转时间”翻译为rotation timing。故整句翻译为Kinematics helps adjust rotation timing. 16．短春未必是定局，每年的春季长短各有不同。(as) 【答案】A short spring is not necessarily the case, as the length of the season varies each year. 【详解】考查时态和从句。陈述客观事实，为一般现在时。“未必是定局”可译为be not necessarily the case（固定表达，表示“未必如此”）。“短春”为“A short spring”。“每年的春季长短各有不同”处理成as引导的原因状语从句，“春季长短”为“the length of the season”，作主语；“各有不同”为“vary”作谓语；“每年”为“each year”作状语。故翻译为：A short spring is not necessarily the case, as the length of the season varies each year. 17．由于缺乏充足的资金支持，那家新兴科技公司似乎难以在竞争激烈的市场中立足。(appear) 【答案】Due to the lack of sufficient financial support, that emerging technology company appears to have difficulty in establishing itself in the highly competitive market. 【详解】考查固定短语、非谓语动词。表示“由于”用due to，句首单词，首字母需大写。表示“缺乏充足的资金支持”用the lack of sufficient financial support，作Due to的宾语。表示“那家新兴科技公司”用that emerging technology company，在句中作主语。 表示“似乎做某事”用appear to do sth.，本句描述目前事实，时态用一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数，谓语也用第三人称单数形式。表示“做某事有困难”用have difficulty in doing sth.，位于不定式符号to后，用动词原形。表示“立足，站稳脚跟”用establish oneself，用动名词，作宾语。表示“在竞争激烈的市场中”用in the highly competitive market，作地点状语。故翻译为Due to the lack of sufficient financial support, that emerging technology company appears to have difficulty in establishing itself in the highly competitive market. 18．在狂风骤雨中，那位志愿者不顾个人安危，坚持帮助受困居民，渡过难关后继续行善。(cling, pull) 【答案】Amidst the fierce wind and torrential rain, the volunteer clung to helping stranded residents regardless of personal safety, and after pulling them through the crisis, he continued to perform good deeds. 【详解】考查时态、非谓语动词。表示“在狂风骤雨中”用amidst the fierce wind and torrential rain，作状语，句首单词，首字母大写。表示“那位志愿者”用the volunteer，作主语。表示“坚持”，用cling to，其中to为介词，句子描述的是过去发生的事情，因此时态为一般过去时，谓语用过去式。表示“帮助受困居民”用help stranded residents，用动名词，作宾语。表示“不顾个人安危”用regardless of personal safety。用and连接两个句子，表示“在……之后”用after，表示“帮助他们渡过难关”用pull them through the crisis，用动名词，作after的宾语。用he作主语，表示“继续行善”用continue to perform good deeds，用过去式，作谓语。故翻译为Amidst the fierce wind and torrential rain, the volunteer clung to helping stranded residents regardless of personal safety, and after pulling them through the crisis, he continued to perform good deeds. 19．尽管经历了起起落落，这位艺术家仍然致力于用他的画作给古色古香的建筑注入新的生命。(commit) 【答案】Despite experiencing ups and downs, the artist still committed himself to breathing new life into the antique buildings with his paintings. 【详解】考查时态、非谓语动词、固定搭配。表示“尽管”用despite，位于句首，首字母大写。表示“经历了起起落落”用experience ups and downs，用动名词，作Despite的宾语。表示“这位艺术家”用the artist，作主语。表示“仍然致力于”用still commit himself to，句子描述过去的动作，因此时态使用一般过去时，谓语用过去式。表示“用他的画作给古色古香的建筑注入新的生命”用breathe new life into the antique buildings with his paintings，用动名词，作committed to的宾语。故翻译为：Despite experiencing ups and downs, the artist still committed himself to breathing new life into the antique buildings with his paintings. 20．只有直接处理环境污染和全球变暖的问题，超过十亿的物种才不会面临灭绝的风险。(Only) 【答案】Only by addressing environmental pollution and global warming directly can over a billion species avoid the risk of extinction. 【详解】考查倒装句固定短语。根据所给中文提示词，“超过十亿的物种”作主语，译为over a billion species，“才不会面临”转换为“可以避免”，用情态动词can表“可以”，译为can avoid，“灭绝的风险”作宾语，译为the risk of extinction，“只有直接处理环境污染和全球变暖的问题”为状语，“只有”用only，“处理环境污染和全球变暖的问题”中“处理”用动词address，译为“by addressing environmental pollution and global warming”，“直接”用副词directly。根据句意，此处强调状语，可以把only放在句首，状语提前，用部分倒装强调，这需将情态动词放在主语前。故译为：Only by addressing environmental pollution and global warming directly can over a billion species avoid the risk of extinction. 三、（2）（24-25高二下·广东云浮·期末）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 （24-25高三下·河北保定·开学考试）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The handshake has been part of global society for a long time. In ancient Rome, the gesture was used to convey friendship and 1 (loyal). Pairs of clasped hands even appeared on Roman coins, 2 (indicate) the importance of the action. We can see that the handshake served to convey peaceful intentions, but why? One theory 3 (link) to the fact that most of us are right-handed, and thus would have held a weapon in our right hands. By offering 4 empty right hand, strangers could show they were not armed and had no ill will to the other person. Shaking hands has become an essential part of business. Even though handshakes aren’t 5 (literal) used to confirm whether or not the other person is holding weapons anymore, they’ve maintained 6 (they) signal of showing good intentions. That’s a very important signal in business contexts, 7 people often meet with strangers in highly important settings. However, many 8 (country) don’t shake hands at all. In Japan, people bow 9 each other when meeting, while Ethiopian men touch shoulders. Therefore, it is important 10 (respect) different customs when we meet people from different backgrounds. 【答案】 1．loyalty 2．indicating 3．is linked 4．an 5．literally 6．their 7．where 8．countries 9．to 10．to respect 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了握手的起源、意义及其在全球文化中的演变，同时强调尊重不同文化的习俗。 1．考查名词。句意：在古罗马，这种手势被用来传达友谊和忠诚。根据空前的and和friendship可知，空处需用名词loyalty“忠诚”和friendship并列作动词convey的宾语。故填loyalty。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：紧握的双手图案甚至出现在罗马硬币上，这表明了这个动作的重要性。句子的谓语动词为appeared，空处表示自然发生的结果，作结果状语，应用indicate的现在分词形式indicating。故填indicating。 3．考查时态和语态。句意：一种理论与这样一个事实有关，即我们大多数人习惯用右手，因此我们会用右手持有武器。be linked to是固定短语，意为“与……有关联”，句子描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，主语One theory是第三人称单数，be动词用is。故填is linked。 4．考查冠词。句意：过伸出一只空着的右手，陌生人可以表明他们没有携带武器，对对方没有恶意。hand为可数名词单数，此处表示泛指“一只空着的右手”，且empty为以元音音素开头的单词，故用不定冠词an。故填an。 5．考查副词。句意：尽管握手不再真正地用于确认对方是否持有武器，但它们仍然保留了表达善意的信号。根据空后used可知，空处需用副词literally“真正地，确实地”，修饰动词used作状语。故填literally。 6．考查代词。句意：尽管握手不再真正地用于确认对方是否持有武器，但它们仍然保留了表达善意的信号。空处修饰名词signal，需用形容词性物主代词their。故填 their。 7．考查定语从句。句意：这在商业环境中是一个非常重要的信号，在这种环境中人们经常在非常重要的场合与陌生人见面。空处引导非限定性定语从句，先行词是business contexts，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where引导。故填where。 8．考查名词复数。句意：然而，许多国家根本不握手。根据空前的many可知，空处需用名词复数countries。故填countries。 9．考查介词。句意：在日本，人们见面时会互相鞠躬，而埃塞俄比亚男性会碰肩。根据句意可知，此处考查短语bow to sb.，意为“向某人鞠躬”，故空处需用介词to。故填to。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：因此，当我们与来自不同背景的人见面时，尊重不同的习俗是很重要的。“it is important to do sth.”是固定句型，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式，故空处需用不定式to respect。故填to respect。 四、阅读理解 （2025·四川攀枝花·三模）A new study from Nottingham Trent University (NTU) indicates that people who are more facially expressive are generally more likable and socially successful. The research, which analyzed over 1,500 natural conversations, suggests that complex facial muscle movements can strengthen social bonds and improve social interactions. In the initial phase, researchers engaged with 52 participants in video calls designed to get a range of everyday situations, such as humor, embarrassment and conflict. The participants were further challenged to maintain a still face while their partners attempted to stimulate movement, testing their ability to control facial expressions. Following these interactions, the participants recorded short videos, where they aimed to achieve specific social goals, like disagreeing with someone but without being disliked. These clips of videos were then rated by over 170 independent observers, assessing the readability of the emotions and expressions displayed. The researchers applied the Facial Action Coding System (FACS), a method for measuring facial muscle activity, to evaluate each participant’s expressivity (表现能力). Afterwards, the study extended to analyze an existing database of natural video conversations between 1,456 strangers, where the participants rated their conversational partners’ likability. The study revealed that individuals who were more expressive were more likable by both independent observers and their conversation partners. Additionally, these expressive individuals were easier to read and more skillful at using facial behaviors to achieve their social goals. “This is a study to examine facial expression in real-world interactions,” said the study’s lead author, Eithne Kavanagh. “Our evidence shows that facial expressivity is related to positive social outcomes. It suggests that more expressive people are more successful at attracting social partners and building relationships. It also could be important in conflict resolution.” The research highlights the significant role which facial expressions play in successful social interactions. 1．How did the researchers examine the participants’ ability to control facial expressions? A．By asking them to make complex facial muscle movements. B．By asking them to watch humorous videos and keep a still face. C．By having them use facial behaviors to achieve their social goals. D．By having their partners try to make them produce facial movements. 2．What were the participants asked to do after the first stage? A．Rate the videos of other participants. B．Engage in further social interactions. C．Assess the readability of their own emotions. D．Record short videos under specific conditions. 3．What can we learn about the FACS? A．It is a tool to assess facial muscle activity. B．It decides the social success of individuals. C．It improves the likability of facial expressions. D．It is a method for promoting participants’ likability. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．FACS: A New Method for Social Science B．Facial Expressions: Important for Social Success C．The Development of Facial Muscle Movements D．The Way to Be Likable and Socially Successful 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．A 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究发现复杂的面部肌肉运动可以加强社会联系，改善社会互动。解释了研究开展的经过以及研究的意义。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The participants were further challenged to maintain a still face while their partners attempted to stimulate movement, testing their ability to control facial expressions.(参与者还被要求在他们的伴侣试图刺激运动时保持面部静止，以测试他们控制面部表情的能力)”可知，研究人员让他们的伴侣试着让他们做出面部动作检测参与者控制面部表情的能力。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Following these interactions, the participants recorded short videos, where they aimed to achieve specific social goals, like disagreeing with someone but without being disliked.(在这些互动之后，参与者录制了短视频，他们的目的是实现特定的社交目标，比如不同意某人的观点，但不被讨厌)”可知，在第一阶段之后，参与者被要求在特定条件下录制短视频。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The researchers applied the Facial Action Coding System (FACS), a method for measuring facial muscle activity, to evaluate each participant’s expressivity (表现能力).(研究人员使用面部动作编码系统（FACS），一种测量面部肌肉活动的方法，来评估每个参与者的表达能力)”可知，FACS是一种评估面部肌肉活动的工具。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“A new study from Nottingham Trent University (NTU) indicates that people who are more facially expressive are generally more likable and socially successful. The research, which analyzed over 1,500 natural conversations, suggests that complex facial muscle movements can strengthen social bonds and improve social interactions.(诺丁汉特伦特大学的一项新研究表明，面部表情更丰富的人通常更讨人喜欢，在社交上也更成功。这项研究分析了1500多段自然对话，表明复杂的面部肌肉运动可以加强社会联系，改善社会互动)”结合文章主要说明了研究发现复杂的面部肌肉运动可以加强社会联系，改善社会互动。解释了研究开展的经过以及研究的意义。可知，B选项“面部表情：对社交成功很重要”最符合文章标题。故选B。 五、七选五 （2025·福建宁德·三模）Understanding Body Language By learning to recognize the small cues people give off through their posture, gestures, and facial expressions, you can better understand their emotions and intentions. 1 Thus, it is a powerful tool for cross-cultural communication and building relationships. Cultural differences in body language Body language can be interpreted differently across cultures. These variations are crucial for building effective relationships in this globalized world. What’s polite in one culture may seem disrespectful in another. 2 When traveling to a new country or working with remote clients, preparation is key. You can ask from a place of respectful curiosity — what type of communication method and frequency do they prefer? 3 If your gestures seem exaggerated (夸张), you might say, “I may have noticed my using hands a lot, but it’s part of my culture and personality. If it distracted you from anything, let me know so I can clarify.” Common mistakes when reading body language 4 It means that we read too much into why the person said or did it. Another mistake is misunderstanding nonverbal cues. For instance, direct eye contact is seen as a sign of respect in some cultures, while in others, it may be considered rude. To avoid body language misinterpretation, pay attention to the context and overall behavior. 5 Not every gesture has the same meaning in every situation. Ultimately, the best way to handle body language complexities is to stay curious. Always observing others’ nonverbal communication and reflecting on your own consciously is a wise approach. A．So how can you handle these differences? B．What is the significance of body language? C．Most people know how to handle the cultural differences. D．Be mindful of the context in which body language occurs. E．Sincerity is also essential to bridge gaps and understand each other. F．Many of us overanalyze the meaning of body language when interpreting it. G．Understanding body language makes conversations more caring and effective. 【答案】1．G 2．A 3．E 4．F 5．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了理解肢体语言能通过姿势、手势和表情理解他人情感意图，对跨文化交流和建立关系意义重大。肢体语言存在文化差异，解读时易过度分析或误解，避免误解需关注语境。处理肢体语言复杂性要保持好奇，有意识观察和反思。 1．根据上文“By learning to recognize the small cues people give off through their posture, gestures, and facial expressions, you can better understand their emotions and intentions.(通过学习识别人们通过姿势、手势和面部表情发出的小信号，你可以更好地理解他们的情绪和意图)”可知，上文提到通过识别肢体语言能更好地理解他人的情绪和意图，本句进一步说明理解肢体语言的好处，故G选项“理解肢体语言能使谈话更有爱心，更有效”符合语境，故选G。 2．根据上文“Body language can be interpreted differently across cultures. These variations are crucial for building effective relationships in this globalized world. What’s polite in one culture may seem disrespectful in another.(不同文化对肢体语言的理解也不同。这些变化对于在这个全球化的世界中建立有效的关系至关重要。在一种文化中被认为是礼貌的行为，在另一种文化中可能显得无礼)”可知，上文指出肢体语言在不同文化中有不同的解读，且在全球化世界中这些差异很关键，本句引出下文关于在不同文化中处理肢体语言差异的内容，故A选项“那么你如何处理这些差异呢？”符合语境，故选A。 3．根据上文“When traveling to a new country or working with remote clients, preparation is key. You can ask from a place of respectful curiosity — what type of communication method and frequency do they prefer?(当去一个新的国家旅行或与远程客户一起工作时，准备是关键。你可以从一个尊重的好奇心的地方问——他们更喜欢什么样的沟通方式和频率？)”可知，上文提到在与不同文化背景的人交流时要做好准备并询问相关问题，本句进一步阐述在跨文化交流中除了询问之外还有什么是重要的，故E选项“真诚也是弥合分歧和相互理解的必要条件”符合语境，故选E。 4．根据后文“It means that we read too much into why the person said or did it. Another mistake is misunderstanding nonverbal cues. For instance, direct eye contact is seen as a sign of respect in some cultures, while in others, it may be considered rude.(这意味着我们过多地解读了这个人为什么说或做这件事。另一个错误是误解非语言暗示。例如，在某些文化中，直接的目光接触被视为尊重的标志，而在另一些文化中，这可能被认为是粗鲁的)”可知，下文提到我们会过度解读人们说话或做事的原因，故F选项“我们中的许多人在解释肢体语言时过度分析了它的含义”符合语境，故选F。 5．根据上文“To avoid body language misinterpretation, pay attention to the context and overall behavior.(为了避免肢体语言被误解，要注意语境和整体行为)”以及后文“Not every gesture has the same meaning in every situation.(不是每个手势在任何情况下都有相同的含义)”可知，上文提到为避免肢体语言的误解，要注意语境和整体行为，本句进一步强调了语境的重要性，故D选项“注意肢体语言出现的语境”符合语境，故选D。 六、完形填空 （2024·上海宝山·一模）At times we all wish that we knew what other people were thinking. 1 , people’s facial expressions, movements and posture (姿势) can communicate a lot about what is going on in their minds. Understanding these messages hidden in people’s language can require a lot of skill, but Joe Navarro’s book What EVERY BODY is Saying can help 2 that ability. Small changes in body language can help you recognize if someone is 3 . Even when people don’t lie directly, they sometimes try to hide their feelings. Whether you are 4 with people in business or in your personal life, recognizing these feelings can help you look out for their interests and your own. According to Navarro, establishing a baseline for how a person behaves is important to avoid 5 their body language. Most facial expressions and gestures can mean several different things, so 6 when people use certain expressions. Recognizing this baseline can help you understand whether expressions and gestures indicate a(n) 7 to something you said or not. For example, rubbing one’s eyes may be a sign of 8 with a topic. But if the person has been rubbing their eyes 9 , they might just be tired. When people think of body language, facial expressions tend to come to mind, and these can tell you a lot. For example, if someone keeps looking away from you, they might be distracted or uncomfortable, and pressing one’s lips together often indicates 10 . And if someone keeps looking away or covering their mouth, it might mean they are 11 something. Some people have become good at controlling their facial expressions to conceal their 12 . When dealing with someone like that, look at the rest of their body, especially their feet and legs. Many people bounce their feet when they are happy or excited. 13 , if someone feels uncomfortable, they may point their feet away from the person they are speaking to. Proximity (接近，亲近) to other people is also part of body language. People stand closer to people they like or feel comfortable with than to strangers or people they don’t like. And posture also 14 . Sitting or standing up straight can show that someone feels confident, while sitting with crossed arms indicates that they feel 15 or uncomfortable. Body language can communicate a lot about people's thoughts and feelings, and thus, help you relate to them. 1．A．Frequently B．Generally C．Fortunately D．Frankly 2．A．provide B．develop C．discover D．arouse 3．A．lying B．thinking C．changing D．wishing 4．A．cooperating B．negotiating C．investigating D．interacting 5．A．misguiding B．misinterpreting C．mistrusting D．mismanaging 6．A．look out B．give out C．figure out D．put out 7．A．reaction B．result C．instinct D．insight 8．A．satisfaction B．anxiety C．appreciation D．discomfort 9．A．occasionally B．constantly C．suddenly D．gradually 10．A．agreement B．excitement C．depression D．displeasure 11．A．hiding B．criticizing C．transferring D．explaining 12．A．habits B．expressions C．emotions D．advantages 13．A．In principle B．In contrast C．In all D．In reality 14．A．adjusts B．follows C．moves D．matters 15．A．defensive B．ambitious C．dependent D．aggressive 【答案】 1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 5．B 6．C 7．A 8．D 9．B 10．D 11．A 12．C 13．B 14．D 15．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了肢体语言在人际交往中的重要性，以及如何通过观察和理解他人的肢体语言来更好地理解和与他们相处。 1．考查副词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，人们的面部表情、动作和姿势可以很好地传达他们的想法。A. Frequently经常；B. Generally通常；C. Fortunately幸运地；D. Frankly坦率地。根据前文“At times we all wish that we knew what other people were thinking.”以及后文“people’s facial expressions, movements and posture (姿势) can communicate a lot about what is going on in their minds.”可知，人们希望知道他人想什么，而人们的面部表情、动作和姿势可以很好地传达他们的想法，所以是幸运的。故选C项。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：理解这些隐藏在人们语言中的信息可能需要很多技巧，但乔·纳瓦罗的书《每个人都在说什么》可以帮助培养这种能力。A. provide提供；B. develop发展；C. discover发现；D. arouse唤起。根据前文“Joe Navarro’s book What EVERY BODY is Saying”可知，书籍应是帮助培养这种能力。故选B项。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：肢体语言的微小变化可以帮助你识别某人是否在撒谎。A. lying撒谎；B. thinking思考；C. changing改变；D. wishing希望。根据后文“Even when people don’t lie directly, they sometimes try to hide their feelings.”可知，微小变化可以帮助你识别某人是否在撒谎。故选A项。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：无论你是在工作中还是在个人生活中与人交往，认识到这些感觉可以帮助你找到他们和你自己的兴趣。A. cooperating合作；B. negotiating谈判；C. investigating调查；D. interacting互动。根据后文“recognizing these feelings can help you look out for their interests and your own”可知，识别这些感觉，也就是撒谎，而撒谎需要先互动，所以是在工作中还是在个人生活中与人互动。故选D项。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：根据纳瓦罗的说法，为一个人的行为建立一个底线对于避免误解他们的肢体语言很重要。A. misguiding误导；B. misinterpreting误解；C. mistrusting不信任；D. mismanaging管理不善。根据后文“Recognizing this baseline can help you understand whether expressions and gestures indicate a(n) 　　7　　　 to something you said or not.”可知，认识到这个基线可以帮助理解他人，也就是避免误解。故选B项。 6．考查动词短语辨析。句意：大多数面部表情和手势都有不同的含义，所以要弄清楚人们什么时候会使用特定的表情。A. look out当心；B. give out发出；C. figure out弄明白；D. put out扑灭。根据前文“According to Navarro, establishing a baseline for how a person behaves is important to avoid 　　5　　 their body language.”可知，为一个人的行为建立一个底线，需要先弄清楚人们什么时候会使用特定的表情。故选C项。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：认识到这个底线可以帮助你理解表情和手势是否表示对你所说的事情的反应。A. reaction反应；B. result结果；C. instinct本能；D. insight洞察力。根据前文“According to Navarro, establishing a baseline for how a person behaves is important to avoid 　　5　　 their body language.”可知，为一个人的行为建立一个底线对于避免误解他们的肢体语言很重要，因为可以帮助你理解表情和手势是否表示对你所说的事情的反应。故选A项。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：例如，揉眼睛可能表示对某个话题感到不舒服。A. satisfaction满意；B. anxiety焦虑；C. appreciation感激；D. discomfort不适。根据前文“rubbing one’s eyes”结合选项可知，揉眼睛表示不专注，也就是对话题不敢兴趣，对某个话题感到不舒服。故选D项。 9．考查副词词义辨析。句意：但如果这个人一直在揉眼睛，他们可能只是累了。A. occasionally偶尔；B. constantly不断地；C. suddenly突然；D. gradually逐渐地。根据后文“they might just be tired.”根据常识，一个人累了，应是一直在揉眼睛。故选B项。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：例如，如果有人一直不看你，他们可能会分心或不舒服，而噘起嘴唇通常表示不高兴。A. agreement同意；B. excitement兴奋；C. depression沮丧；D. displeasure不悦。根据前文“and pressing one’s lips together”根据常识可知，噘起嘴唇通常表示不高兴。故选D项。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果有人一直看别处或捂住嘴，这可能意味着他们在隐瞒什么。A. hiding隐藏；B. criticizing批评；C. transferring转移；D. explaining解释。根据前文“if someone keeps looking away or covering their mouth”可知，有人一直看别处或捂住嘴，是心虚的表现，所以是意味着他们在隐瞒什么。故选A项。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有些人已经变得善于控制他们的面部表情来隐藏他们的情绪。A. habits习惯；B. expressions表达；C. emotions情感；D. advantages优势。根据前文“When people think of body language, facial expressions tend to come to mind, and these can tell you a lot.”以及第四段内容可知，面部表情会泄露本身情绪，所以此处是控制他们的面部表情来隐藏他们的情绪。故选C项。 13．考查介词短语辨析。句意：相反，如果有人觉得不舒服，他们可能会把脚指向远离他们正在说话的人。A. In principle原则上；B. In contrast相反；C. In all总共；D. In reality实际上。根据前文“Many people bounce their feet when they are happy or excited.”以及后文“if someone feels uncomfortable, they may point their feet away from the person they are speaking to.”可知，前后文是相反的例子。故选B项。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：姿势也很重要。A. adjusts调整；B. follows跟随；C. moves移动；D. matters重要。根据后文“Sitting or standing up straight can show that someone feels confident”可知，可以从姿势判断人的情绪，所以姿势也很重要。故选D项。 15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：坐直或站直可以表明某人感到自信，而双臂交叉坐着则表明他们感到防御或不舒服。A. defensive防御性的；B. ambitious有抱负的；C. dependent依赖的；D. aggressive攻击性的。根据后文“or uncomfortable”可知，空处和uncomfortable并列，意思相近，所以应是“defensive防御性的”符合语境。故选A项。 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$