Unit 4 Period 1 Reading and Thinking（分层作业）英语人教版2019选择性必修第一册

Unit 4 Period 1 Reading and Thinking分层练习 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 一．汉译英 汉译英 1． （n. 交流；相互影响）→ （vi. 相互交流；相互影响） 2． （vi. 根据情况变化；改变）→ （adj. 不同的；各种各样的）→ （n. 多样性；变化；种类） 3． （vi. 赞成；同意 vt. 批准；通过）→ （n. 赞成；同意；批准）→ （adj. 赞许的；赞成的） 4． （vt. 使用；应用；雇用）→ （n. 雇员；受雇者）→ （n. 雇主；雇用者）→ （n. 雇用；聘用） 5． （vi. 相异；不同于）→ （adj. 不同的；有差异的）→ （n. 差别；差异) 6． （vt. 较喜欢；选择；有利于 n. 帮助；恩惠；赞同）→ （adj. 赞成的；有利的） 7． （n. 愤怒；怒气 vt. 使生气；激怒）→ （adj. 生气的；愤怒的）→ （adv. 生气地；愤怒地） 8． （adj. 可靠的；可信赖的）→ （vi. 依赖；信赖） 9． （adj. 轻微的；略微的；细小的）→ （adv. 略微；稍微） 10． （vt. 评估；评价）→ （n. 评价；评定） 汉译英 1． 在行进中；在移动中 2． 出发；启程；（怀着目标）开始工作 3． 依靠……生活；以吃……为生 4． 主题公园 5． 有吸引力；呼吁；上诉；打动 6． 达到（某数量、程度等）；直到；不多于；能胜任 7． 颠倒；倒转；翻转 8． 按自己的意愿行事 9． 引起某人的注意 10． 除……之外；且不说；并且 二、单句语法填空 1．Can you imagine (see) the earth from outer space? 2．The accident serves as a warning to all wilderness lovers about the potential dangers that can lead to (bite) by poisonous insects in the wild. 3．You should postpone (make) a decision until you have more information. 4．The robots (employ) in the dancing performance were truly amazing. 5． (occupy) myself with the demanding task of proparing my speech, I find it impossible to spare time for any other activities. 6．As of 10 pm Tuesday, or five and a half hours after (release), the video of the lacquerware has got 100 million views on Sina Weibo, with a total of 1. 6 million interactions, including shares, comments, and likes. 7．I appreciate (have) the opportunity to work with such a talented team. 8．I am looking forward to (meet) the new exchange students. 9．Single-use plastic are used at most a few times before they are thrown away. It takes them hundreds of years (break) down. 10．The girl pushed the stone with all her might. After a great deal of effort, she finally succeeded in (move) it to the side of the street. 11．The comfort food (vary) from person to person, depending on our own unique experiences. 12．This system made rebuilding and (maintain) the buildings much more efficient. 13．These announcements, as symbols of love and individuality, remind us that some traditions are worth (preserve). 14．To rescue the art, Tang joined with local experts to collect the songs by (knock) on doors in local communities. More than 1,000 songs were recorded. 15．She recalls (hear) her grandmother’s war stories as a child, which inspired her to study history. 16．Avoid alcohol and caffeine, which can contribute to depression and . (anxious) 17．This is a programme run by The Gorilla Organization to raise money to save the world’s remaining gorillas from (die) out. 18．Some popular stars wear masks in public to escape (recognize) by fans,which allows them to enjoy their private lives more freely. 19．To live a healthy life, we’d better avoid (eat) junk food and sugary drinks. 20．She dreams of (invent) a device that can clean the air.   三、（1）根据汉语意思翻译下列句子 1．和打太极一样，学习也需要找到“紧张”与“松弛”的平衡。（require） 2．当今社会，人们对跟团游的接受程度在不同地区都有所不同。(vary) 3．老师劝说小明利用空缺年去找到生活的意义。(employ) 4．直到在车祸中死里逃生，他才意识到定期保养汽车的重要。(until) 5．吉姆展示他的作品前，忍不住想象大家看到他成就时的反应。 6．作为南非首任黑人总统，曼德拉毕生致力于推动南非的改革事业以及通过教育赋能弱势群体。他因其在促进社会和经济改革方面的非凡努力而被授予诺贝尔和平奖。（further; award；empower） 7．通常情况下，在签署合同前，都会进行彻底的审查。（practice） 8．小妹领养的小狗一到家就俘获了全家人的心。(Upon) 9．为了和顾客建立相互信任的关系，公司应该提供更好的服务，所以经理鼓励员工耐心回应顾客的投诉。(suppose) 10．为了健康，爷爷坚持早起参与日常活动，比如打扫房间和倒垃圾。(routine) 11．这份联合声明强调了各国在确保地区安全方面共同承担的责任, 以及通过对话解决争端的重要性。（joint） 12．工作上的问题萦绕在他脑海中，所以他通过查阅书籍来寻求答案。(occupy) 13．这家公司从向发展中国家出口二手衣服获利，在那里人们甚至买不起便宜到3美金的T恤。（profit） 14．她讨厌放假期间还得拼命刷题。 (bury) 15．没有什么比熬夜和节食更伤身体。(harmful) 16．“be confident about/of...” • 原句：The woman was worried because she was not confident about her silent acting ability.(这个女人很担心，因为她对自己的无声表演能力没有信心。) • 仿写：(我们应该对自己克服困难的能力有信心。) 17．尽管养成新的习惯需要时间，但是只要你坚持不懈，终会达成你的目标。(take) 三、（24-25高一下·黑龙江黑河·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 There were various formal greeting etiquettes in ancient China. Among them, the fist and palm salute (拱手礼) was quite a classic one. Today, though Chinese people usually shake hands when 1 (meet) friends and relatives, they still perform the fist and palm salute when they are paying a visit to someone during the traditional Chinese New Year or attending wedding receptions, birthday 2 (ceremony) or funerals. The fist and palm salute is one of the typical Chinese etiquettes 3 a history of more than 3,000 years. Since the West Zhou Dynasty, people had already used this etiquette when meeting peers. Holding hands together 4 (point) to themselves was a gesture of saying “I am not with any weapons 5 I am not here to pick a fight.” Later, it became the etiquette for people to show respect and gratitude when meeting. Around 100 years ago, the handshake etiquette 6 (introduce) to China. The holding fist salute is called Baoquan li in Chinese. The gesture of holding fist etiquette is that the right hand is made into 7 fist, the left hand is to hold or cover the right fist. Make sure the left thumb is close to the index finger and does not point to yourself, as it indicates arrogance (傲慢). The holding fist salute shows the humility. The 8 (big) difference to the fist and palm salute 9 is commonly used in daily occasions is that the holding fist salute is often 10 (wide) used among the kung fu masters and students. 四、阅读理解 （25-26高二·全国·假期作业）Gestures are an important part of non-verbal communication, but their meanings can vary greatly from culture to culture. For example, the “OK” gesture, which is formed by connecting the thumb and index finger to create a circle, has different interpretations around the world. In the United States and many European countries, it generally means “all is well” or “approval.” However, in Brazil and Germany, this gesture can be considered offensive, similar to using a vulgar word. Another common gesture is pointing with a finger. In English-speaking countries, pointing is often used to indicate a person, object, or direction. But in some Asian cultures, such as Japan and South Korea, pointing directly at someone with one finger is considered impolite. Instead, people may use an open hand or their chin to gesture. Eye contact is also a significant aspect of non-verbal communication. In Western cultures, maintaining eye contact during a conversation is seen as a sign of attentiveness and honesty. On the other hand, in some Asian cultures, too much eye contact, especially between people of different social statuses, may be considered disrespectful. For instance, a subordinate may avoid direct eye contact with a superior as a sign of deference. Understanding these cultural differences in gestures is crucial, especially in today’s globalized world. When traveling or interacting with people from different cultures, being aware of these nuances can prevent misunderstandings and help build better relationships. 1．What does the “OK” gesture mean in Brazil? A．All is well. B．Approval. C．It is offensive. D．No meaning. 2．In which countries is pointing directly at someone with one finger considered impolite? A．The United States and England. B．Japan and South Korea. C．Brazil and Germany. D．France and Italy. 3．Why is it important to understand cultural differences in gestures? A．Because gestures are more important than verbal communication. B．Because it can help us make more friends. C．Because it can prevent misunderstandings and build better relationships. D．Because it shows our knowledge of different cultures. 五、七选五 （24-25高二下·北京朝阳·期末）Sometimes it helps to have a “poker face”, an expression on your face that does not show what you are thinking or feeling. 1 Our research shows that moving your face in some way may help people warm to you more. To understand why facial expressivity is so beneficial, we first need to emphasise just how crucial social bonding is to human survival. Throughout most of our evolutionary history, our species has relied on tight-knit communities to keep ourselves fed, sheltered, and protected from dangerous outsiders. 2 Any skill or behaviour that improved someone’s ability to create and maintain lifesaving bonds was likely to exist in our gene pool over the generations. And our research suggests that facial expressivity may fall in this category. 3 Imagine meeting someone new and trying to figure out how good a fit they might be as a friend, or a colleague. You might wonder whether you can trust them, and whether you can even begin to understand each other. Someone who is easier to read may seem to be more appealing than someone who is more guarded. Simply put, being facially expressive may give others a sense that they understand you, which they like. This in turn supports the suggestion that the key function of facial expressivity is to make us more predictable. Furthermore, we found that participants’ level of expressivity didn’t change across situations or with different social partners. This finding may leave you wondering why some people remain comparatively inexpressive across situations. 4 And there could be alternative routes to being an attractive social partner. Clearly, regardless of how expressive we tend to be overall, we can also make choices about sharing more of ourselves in certain situations. Being more open and expressive may be scary — leaving people easy to be hurt. 5 So for now we think it’s best to leave your poker face at the card table. A．However, our work shows that it comes with rewards. B．Managing social relationships was a matter of life or death. C．Interestingly, more agreeable people were more facially expressive. D．For some, the costs of revealing oneself may outweigh the benefits. E．You might guess that people with cheerful expressions are best liked. F．Why would facial expressivity improve someone’s ability to build social bonds? G．Yet, in day-to-day life, when socializing, you’d better let your facial features fly free. 六、完形填空 （24-25高一下·云南文山·阶段练习）Body language is the quietest, most secret and most powerful language of all! It speaks 1 than words. According to specialists, our bodies send out more 2 than we realize. In fact, non-verbal communication takes up about 50% of what we really 3 . And body language is particularly 4 when we attempt to communicate across cultures. Indeed, what is called body language is so 5 a part of us that it’s actually often unnoticed. And misunderstandings occur as a result of it. 6 , different societies often treat the 7 between people differently. Northern Europeans usually do not like having bodily contact even with friends, and certainly not with 8 . People from Latin American countries, 9 , touch each other quite a lot. Therefore, it’s possible that in conversation, it may look like a Latino is 10 a Norwegian all around the room. The Latino, trying to express friendship, will keep moving closer. The Norwegian, very probably seeing this as pushiness, will keep 11 — which the Latino will in return regard as 12 . Clearly, a great deal is going on when people 13 . And only a part of it is in the words themselves. And when parties are from different cultures, there’s a strong possibility of 14 . But whatever the situation, the best advice is to obey the Golden Rule: treat others as you would like to be 15 . 1．A．sharper B．louder C．harder D．further 2．A．sounds B．opinions C．feelings D．messages 3．A．assist B．receive C．discover D．mean 4．A．immediate B．various C．important D．difficult 5．A．well B．far C．much D．long 6．A．For example B．Thus C．However D．In short 7．A．profit B．distance C．effect D．image 8．A．strangers B．partners C．neighbors D．enemies 9．A．in other words B．on the other hand C．in a similar way D．by all means 10．A．disturbing B．helping C．guiding D．following 11．A．stepping forward B．going on C．backing away D．coming out 12．A．weakness B．rudeness C．friendliness D．coldness 13．A．talk B．explore C．laugh D．think 14．A．curiosity B．eagerness C．misunderstanding D．tension 15．A．noticed B．treated C．concerned D．satisfied 1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 4 Period 1 Reading and Thinking分层练习 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 一．汉译英 汉译英 1． （n. 交流；相互影响）→ （vi. 相互交流；相互影响） 2． （vi. 根据情况变化；改变）→ （adj. 不同的；各种各样的）→ （n. 多样性；变化；种类） 3． （vi. 赞成；同意 vt. 批准；通过）→ （n. 赞成；同意；批准）→ （adj. 赞许的；赞成的） 4． （vt. 使用；应用；雇用）→ （n. 雇员；受雇者）→ （n. 雇主；雇用者）→ （n. 雇用；聘用） 5． （vi. 相异；不同于）→ （adj. 不同的；有差异的）→ （n. 差别；差异) 6． （vt. 较喜欢；选择；有利于 n. 帮助；恩惠；赞同）→ （adj. 赞成的；有利的） 7． （n. 愤怒；怒气 vt. 使生气；激怒）→ （adj. 生气的；愤怒的）→ （adv. 生气地；愤怒地） 8． （adj. 可靠的；可信赖的）→ （vi. 依赖；信赖） 9． （adj. 轻微的；略微的；细小的）→ （adv. 略微；稍微） 10． （vt. 评估；评价）→ （n. 评价；评定） 【答案】 1． interaction interact 2． vary various variety 3． approve approval approving 4． employ employee employer employment 5． differ different difference 6． favour favorable 7． anger angry angrily 8． reliable rely 9． slight slightly 10． assess assessment 汉译英 1． 在行进中；在移动中 2． 出发；启程；（怀着目标）开始工作 3． 依靠……生活；以吃……为生 4． 主题公园 5． 有吸引力；呼吁；上诉；打动 6． 达到（某数量、程度等）；直到；不多于；能胜任 7． 颠倒；倒转；翻转 8． 按自己的意愿行事 9． 引起某人的注意 10． 除……之外；且不说；并且 【答案】 1．on the move 2．set out 3．live off 4．theme park 5．appeal to 6．up to 7．upside down 8．on one’s own terms 9．catch one’s eye 10．apart from 二、单句语法填空 1．Can you imagine (see) the earth from outer space? 【答案】seeing 【详解】考查非谓语。句意：你能想象从外太空看地球吗？分析句子可知，动词imagine后接动名词作宾语，空处应使用其动名词形式。故填seeing。 2．The accident serves as a warning to all wilderness lovers about the potential dangers that can lead to (bite) by poisonous insects in the wild. 【答案】being bitten 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这起事故给所有野外爱好者敲响了警钟，提醒他们野外可能存在被毒虫叮咬的危险。that引导的定语从句的谓语为can lead to，此处为非谓语动词，lead to中的to为介词，且bite“叮，咬”和其逻辑主语all wilderness lovers之间为被动关系，故用动名词的被动形式being bitten，作宾语。故填being bitten。 3．You should postpone (make) a decision until you have more information. 【答案】making 【详解】考查动名词。句意：你应该等到掌握了更多的信息再做决定。分析句子可知，此处为动词短语postpone doing sth“推迟做某事”，所以此处为动名词形式。故填making。 4．The robots (employ) in the dancing performance were truly amazing. 【答案】employed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在舞蹈表演中被使用的机器人真的令人惊叹。句中已有谓语 were，robots（机器人）与 employ（使用，雇佣）之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，即机器人是被使用的，所以用过去分词 employed作后置定语。故填employed。 5． (occupy) myself with the demanding task of proparing my speech, I find it impossible to spare time for any other activities. 【答案】Occupying 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我忙于准备演讲这一艰巨的任务，发现不可能抽出时间进行其他活动。空处需填非谓语动词作状语，I和occupy为逻辑主谓关系，需用现在分词形式，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Occupying。 6．As of 10 pm Tuesday, or five and a half hours after (release), the video of the lacquerware has got 100 million views on Sina Weibo, with a total of 1. 6 million interactions, including shares, comments, and likes. 【答案】being released/release 【详解】考查非谓语动词或名词。句意：截至周二晚上10点，即发布后五个半小时，漆器视频在新浪微博上已获得1亿次观看，总互动量达到160万次，包括分享、评论和点赞。after是介词，后面接动名词形式或者名词，video和release之间是被动关系，应用动名词的被动形式，即being released或者release 。故填being released或release。 7．I appreciate (have) the opportunity to work with such a talented team. 【答案】having 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我很感激有机会与如此有才华的团队合作。动词“appreciate”后接宾语时，需用动名词形式，构成“appreciate doing sth.”结构，表示“感激做某事”。因此，此处应填have的动名词形式having。故填having。 8．I am looking forward to (meet) the new exchange students. 【答案】meeting 【详解】考查非谓语。句意：我期待着与新来的交换生见面。分析句子可知。这里考查短语look forward to，意为 “期待；盼望”，其中to是介词，后需接动名词（-ing 形式） 作宾语。故填meeting。 9．Single-use plastic are used at most a few times before they are thrown away. It takes them hundreds of years (break) down. 【答案】to break 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：一次性塑料最多使用几次就会被扔掉。它们需要数百年才能分解。it takes sb./sth. some time to do sth.是固定句型，意为“花费某人/某物多久做某事”，空处应用break的不定式形式，作真正的主语，It为形式主语。故填to break。 10．The girl pushed the stone with all her might. After a great deal of effort, she finally succeeded in (move) it to the side of the street. 【答案】moving 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这个女孩用尽全力推这块石头。经过一番努力，她终于成功地把石头移到了路边。succeed in doing sth.为固定短语，意为“成功做某事”，本空用move“移动”的动名词，作宾语。故填moving。 11．The comfort food (vary) from person to person, depending on our own unique experiences. 【答案】varies 【详解】考查时态。句意：所谓的“慰藉食物”因人而异，这取决于我们各自独特的经历。陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为The comfort food，谓语用三单形式。故填varies。 12．This system made rebuilding and (maintain) the buildings much more efficient. 【答案】maintaining 【详解】考查动名词。句意：这个系统使得建筑的重建和维护更加高效。所填应是动名词形式，与空前“rebuilding”并列，作动词“made”的宾语。故填maintaining。 13．These announcements, as symbols of love and individuality, remind us that some traditions are worth (preserve). 【答案】preserving 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这些宣告，作为爱与个性的象征，提醒我们有些传统值得保留。be worth doing是固定用法，表示“值得做某事”，其中动名词主动表被动；preserve的动名词是preserving。故填preserving。 14．To rescue the art, Tang joined with local experts to collect the songs by (knock) on doors in local communities. More than 1,000 songs were recorded. 【答案】knocking 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了拯救这门艺术，唐联合当地专家，走街串巷，在当地社区挨家挨户地收集这些歌曲。录制了1000多首歌曲。本空作介词by的宾语，用knock“敲”的动名词。故填knocking。 15．She recalls (hear) her grandmother’s war stories as a child, which inspired her to study history. 【答案】hearing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她回忆起小时候听过祖母讲述的战争故事，这些故事激发了她学习历史的兴趣。根据固定搭配recall doing sth.意为“回忆起做过某事”，此处需用动名词形式作宾语。故填hearing。 16．Avoid alcohol and caffeine, which can contribute to depression and . (anxious) 【答案】anxiety 【详解】考查名词。句意：避免饮酒和摄入咖啡因，它们会导致抑郁和焦虑。提示词和名词depression是并列关系，作宾语，用名词形式anxiety，意为“焦虑”，这里是不可数名词。故填anxiety。 17．This is a programme run by The Gorilla Organization to raise money to save the world’s remaining gorillas from (die) out. 【答案】dying 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这是由大猩猩组织运营的一个项目，旨在筹集资金以拯救世界上现存的大猩猩免于灭绝。介词from后需接动名词作宾语，die的动名词形式为dying，构成短语“prevent...from dying out”，意为“防止……灭绝。故填dying。 18．Some popular stars wear masks in public to escape (recognize) by fans,which allows them to enjoy their private lives more freely. 【答案】being recognized 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：一些受欢迎的明星在公共场合戴口罩以避免被粉丝认出，这使他们能够更自由地享受他们的私人生活。escape doing sth.表示“逃避/避免做某事”，且此处表示“避免被粉丝认出”，应用动名词的被动式being done作宾语。故填being recognized。 19．To live a healthy life, we’d better avoid (eat) junk food and sugary drinks. 【答案】eating 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：要过上健康的生活，我们最好避免食用垃圾食品和含糖饮料。短语avoid doing sth.表示“避免做某事”，空处用动名词作宾语。故填eating。 20．She dreams of (invent) a device that can clean the air.   【答案】inventing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她梦想发明一种能净化空气的装置。根据空格前的介词of可知，介词后应使用动名词，作介词的宾语。故填inventing。 三、（1）根据汉语意思翻译下列句子 1．和打太极一样，学习也需要找到“紧张”与“松弛”的平衡。（require） 【答案】Just like practicing Tai Chi, learning also requires finding a balance between “tension” and “relaxation”. 【详解】考查介词短语和动词。根据句意，该句描述客观事实，使用一般现在时。表示“和……一样”为just like，表示“打太极”为practice Tai Chi，位于介词like之后作宾语，所以使用动名词短语practicing Tai Chi，所以表示“和打太极一样”为介词短语Just like practicing Tai Chi作状语；表示“学习”为动名词learning作主语，表示“也”为also，表示“需要”为require，动名词learning作主语视为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式requires，“找到平衡”为find a balance作requires的宾语，require后接动名词短语finding a balance作宾语，表示““紧张”与“松弛””为between “tension” and “relaxation”。故翻译为Just like practicing Tai Chi, learning also requires finding a balance between “tension” and “relaxation”.。 2．当今社会，人们对跟团游的接受程度在不同地区都有所不同。(vary) 【答案】In today’s society, people’s acceptance of package tours varies in different regions. 【详解】考查时态，主谓一致和固定短语。“当今社会”译为in today’s society，在句中作状语，in位于句首首字母大写；“人们对跟团游的接受程度”可译为people’s acceptance of package tours，作主语；“有所不同”用动词vary作谓语，描述现在的一般情况，句子应用一般现在时，主语acceptance为不可数名词，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式；“在不同地区”译为in different regions，在句中作状语。故翻译为In today’s society, people’s acceptance of package tours varies in different regions. 3．老师劝说小明利用空缺年去找到生活的意义。(employ) 【答案】The teacher persuaded Xiaoming to employ the gap year to find the meaning of life. 【详解】考查动词、时态和非谓语动词。主语“老师”用名词the teacher；谓语“劝说”用动词persuade，这里事情已发生，用一般过去时态persuaded；宾语“小明”用专有名词Xiaoming；“劝说某人做某事”用固定搭配persuade sb. to do sth.，所以宾语补足语“利用空缺年去找到生活的意义”用不定式短语to employ the gap year to find the meaning of life表示。综上，全句译为：The teacher persuaded Xiaoming to employ the gap year to find the meaning of life. 4．直到在车祸中死里逃生，他才意识到定期保养汽车的重要。(until) 【答案】He didn’t realize the importance of maintaining the car regularly until he narrowly escaped death in the car accident. 【详解】考查时态、时间状语从句、非谓语动词。表示“他”用he，作主语，句首单词，首字母大写。表示“直到……才……”用not...until...；表示“意识到”用realize，句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，谓语用didn’t realize；表示“定期保养汽车的重要”用the importance of maintaining the car regularly，作didn’t realize的宾语，其中maintaining为动名词，作介词of的宾语。until引导时间状语从句中：用he作主语；表示“死里逃生”用narrowly escaped death，作谓语；表示“在车祸中”用in the car accident。故翻译为He didn’t realize the importance of maintaining the car regularly until he narrowly escaped death in the car accident. 5．吉姆展示他的作品前，忍不住想象大家看到他成就时的反应。 【答案】Before Jim showed his work, he couldn’t help imagining everyone’s reaction when they saw his achievements. 【详解】考查时间状语从句、固定短语和动词。句子分为两部分，“吉姆展示他的作品前”是时间状语，用before引导的时间状语从句表达，“展示作品”译为show one’s work，结合语境用一般过去时，故译为Before Jim showed his work；主句部分“忍不住想象大家看到他成就时的反应”中，“忍不住做某事”用固定短语“can’t help doing sth.”，此处用过去式couldn’t help imagining；“大家的反应”译为everyone’s reaction；“看到他成就时”用when引导的时间状语从句，“成就”译为achievements，故译为when they saw his achievements。整句连译为Before Jim showed his work, he couldn’t help imagining everyone’s reaction when they saw his achievements。 6．作为南非首任黑人总统，曼德拉毕生致力于推动南非的改革事业以及通过教育赋能弱势群体。他因其在促进社会和经济改革方面的非凡努力而被授予诺贝尔和平奖。（further; award；empower） 【答案】As the first black president of South Africa, Mandela dedicated his life to furthering the cause of transforming South Africa and empowering underprivileged people through education. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his extraordinary efforts to promote social and economic reforms. 【详解】考查介词短语、动词短语和被动语态。根据句意，“致力于”和“被授予”均为过去发生的动作，全句使用一般过去时；表示“作为”为as，位于句首，首字母需大写，“南非首任黑人总统”为the first black president of South Africa，所以表示“作为南非首任黑人总统”为介词短语As the first black president of South Africa作状语；表示“曼德拉毕生致力于推动南非的改革事业以及通过教育赋能弱势群体”为主句，“曼德拉”为Mandela作主语，“毕生致力于”为dedicated his life to，“推动南非的改革事业”为further the cause of transforming South Africa，位于介词之后，所以further使用动名词形式furthering，表示“通过教育赋能弱势群体”为empower underprivileged people through education，作介词to的宾语，所以动词使用动名词形式，使用and连接两个动名词短语，所以“曼德拉毕生致力于推动南非的改革事业以及通过教育赋能弱势群体”可译为Mandela dedicated his life to furthering the cause of transforming South Africa and empowering underprivileged people through education.；表示“他因其在促进社会和经济改革方面的非凡努力而被授予诺贝尔和平奖”为第二句，“他”为He作主语，“被授予”为一般过去时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，所以谓语动词为was awarded，“诺贝尔和平奖”为the Nobel Peace Prize，“因其在促进社会和经济改革方面的非凡努力”为for his extraordinary efforts to promote social and economic reforms，所以第二句译为He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his extraordinary efforts to promote social and economic reforms.。故翻译为As the first black president of South Africa, Mandela dedicated his life to furthering the cause of transforming South Africa and empowering underprivileged people through education. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his extraordinary efforts to promote social and economic reforms. 7．通常情况下，在签署合同前，都会进行彻底的审查。（practice） 【答案】It is normal/common practice to conduct a thorough review of the contract/thoroughly review the contract before signing it. 【详解】考查固定句型和动词短语。根据句意，该句描述习惯性行为，使用一般现在时。表示“通常情况下”为固定句型it is normal/common practice to do sth.，其中it作形式主语，真正的主语为动词不定式，位于句首单词首字母需大写；表示“彻底审查”可译为conduct a thorough review of或thoroughly review，表示“合同”为the contract作宾语，所以表示“进行彻底的审查”可译为to conduct a thorough review of the contract或to thoroughly review the contract，动词不定式作真正主语；表示“在签署合同前”为before signing it作时间状语，其中“签署”为signing（动名词形式作宾语），it指代the contract。故翻译为It is normal/common practice to conduct a thorough review of the contract/thoroughly review the contract before signing it. 8．小妹领养的小狗一到家就俘获了全家人的心。(Upon) 【答案】Upon arriving home, the dog/puppy adopted by my little sister/youngest sister has captured the heart of the whole family. 【详解】考查动词（短语）、名词和非谓语动词。“一……就……”可用介词upon，后接动名词形式，“到家”可用动词短语arrive home；主语“小狗”可用名词the dog或the puppy，“小妹领养的”是修饰“小狗”的定语，可用过去分词短语adopted by my little sister或adopted by my youngest sister，作后置定语，表示被动关系；谓语“俘获”可用动词capture，这一行为很可能持续到现在，时态宜用现在完成时，主语是单数，助动词使用has；宾语“全家人的心”可用名词短语the heart of the whole family。故可译为：Upon arriving home, the dog/puppy adopted by my little sister/youngest sister has captured the heart of the whole family. 9．为了和顾客建立相互信任的关系，公司应该提供更好的服务，所以经理鼓励员工耐心回应顾客的投诉。(suppose) 【答案】For building mutual trust with customers, the company is supposed to provide better services, so the manager motivates staff to address customers’ complaints with patience. 【详解】考查动词短语、形容词、名词和非谓语动词。句子应该是描述通常的情况，时态宜用一般现在时；“为了”可用介词for，“和……建立……”可用动词短语build… with…，build需用动名词形式，“相互信任（的关系）”可用名词短语mutual trust，“顾客”可用名词customers；主语“公司”可用名词the company，“应该做某事”可用短语be supposed to do，be动词用is，“提供更好的服务”可用动词短语provide better services；“所以”可用连词so，主语“经理”可用名词the manager，“鼓励某人做某事”可用动词短语motivate sb. to do sth.，motivate需用第三人称单数形式，“员工”可用名词staff，“回应顾客的投诉”可用动词短语address customers’ complaints，“耐心（地）”可用短语with patience。故可译为：For building mutual trust with customers, the company is supposed to provide better services, so the manager motivates staff to address customers’ complaints with patience. 10．为了健康，爷爷坚持早起参与日常活动，比如打扫房间和倒垃圾。(routine) 【答案】For the sake of his health, Grandpa insists on waking up early to participate in daily routines, such as cleaning the house and taking out the trash. 【详解】考查介词短语、动词短语、名词和非谓语动词。句子应该是介绍通常的情况，时态宜用一般现在时；“为了”可用介词短语for the sake of，“（他的）健康”可用名词短语his health，主语“爷爷”可用名词Grandpa，谓语“坚持做某事”可用动词短语insist on doing sth.，insist需用第三人称单数形式，“早起”可用动词短语wake up early，“参与日常活动”是“早起”的目的，应用不定式形式，“参与”可用动词短语participate in，“日常活动”可用名词短语daily routines，“比如”可用介词短语such as，后接动名词形式，“打扫房间”可用动词短语clean the house，“和”用连词and，“倒垃圾”可用动词短语take out the trash。故可译为：For the sake of his health, Grandpa insists on waking up early to participate in daily routines, such as cleaning the house and taking out the trash. 11．这份联合声明强调了各国在确保地区安全方面共同承担的责任, 以及通过对话解决争端的重要性。（joint） 【答案】This joint statement emphasizes the shared responsibility of all countries in ensuring regional security and the importance of resolving disputes through dialogue. 【详解】考查一般现在时。陈述一般事实用一般现在时；“这份联合声明”表达为This joint statement，作主语；“强调”是 emphasize，作谓语；“共同的”用 shared，作定语，“责任”为responsibility ；“确保”是 ensure，“确保地区安全”用 in ensuring regional security ；“…… 的重要性”是 the importance of... ；“解决争端”表达为 resolve disputes，“通过对话” 是through dialogue，作状语。故译为This joint statement emphasizes the shared responsibility of all countries in ensuring regional security and the importance of resolving disputes through dialogue. 12．工作上的问题萦绕在他脑海中，所以他通过查阅书籍来寻求答案。(occupy) 【答案】Problems at work occupied his mind, so he sought answers by consulting books. 【详解】考查时态、非谓语动词。表示“工作上的问题”用problems at work，作主语，句首单词，首字母大写；表示“萦绕在他脑海中”用occupy his mind，描述过去发生的事情，时态用一般过去时，谓语用occupy的过去式occupied。表示“所以”用so，连接前后两个句子。表示“他”用he，作主语；表示“寻求答案”用seek answers，描述过去发生的事情，时态用一般过去时，谓语用seek的过去式sought；表示“通过查阅书籍”用by consulting books，by为介词，后接动名词consulting作宾语，consult books表示“查阅书籍”。故翻译为Problems at work occupied his mind, so he sought answers by consulting books. 13．这家公司从向发展中国家出口二手衣服获利，在那里人们甚至买不起便宜到3美金的T恤。（profit） 【答案】This company profits from exporting second-hand clothes to developing countries, where people cannot even afford a T-shirt that is as cheap as three US dollars. 【详解】考查动词短语、定语从句和名词。根据句意，该句描述客观事实，使用一般现在时。表示“这家公司”为this company作主语，位于句首单词，首字母大写；表示“获利”为profits from作谓语，表示“出口二手衣服到发展中国家”为exporting second-hand clothes to developing countries作宾语，所以表示“从向发展中国家出口二手衣服获利”为profits from exporting second-hand clothes to developing countries；表示“人们甚至买不起”为people cannot even afford，表示“便宜到3美金的T恤”为a T-shirt that is as cheap as three US dollars，其中包含that引导定语从句修饰T-shirt，that在从句中作主语，表示“在那里人们甚至买不起便宜到3美金的T恤”为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词developing countries，关系副词where在从句中作地点状语，可译为where people cannot even afford a T-shirt that is as cheap as three US dollars。故翻译为This company profits from exporting second-hand clothes to developing countries, where people cannot even afford a T-shirt that is as cheap as three US dollars. 14．她讨厌放假期间还得拼命刷题。 (bury) 【答案】She hates burying herself in doing practice exercises during holidays. 【详解】考查动词短语、动名词和反身代词。主语“她”用人称代词she；谓语“讨厌”用动词hate，描述一般性事实用一般现在时态，谓语动词用单数形式hates；“拼命做某事”用动词短语bury oneself in doing sth.，用动名词形式burying作宾语，她讨厌的是自己拼命刷题，用反身代词herself；宾语“题”用名词词组practice exercises；时间状语“放假期间”用介词短语during holidays。综上，全句译为：She hates burying herself in doing practice exercises during holidays. 15．没有什么比熬夜和节食更伤身体。(harmful) 【答案】Nothing is more harmful to the body than staying up late and going on a diet. 【详解】考查形容词比较级、固定短语和非谓语动词。表示“没有什么”用nothing，作主语，位于句首，首字母大写；表示“对……有害”用固定短语be harmful to，句子陈述客观事实，时态应用一般现在时，主语为nothing，be动词用is；表示“更……”用比较级more，所以“更伤身体”用more harmful to the body；表示“比”用than；表示“熬夜”用固定短语stay up late，表示“节食”用go on a diet，二者为并列关系，用and连接，作than的宾语，均用动名词形式。故翻译为Nothing is more harmful to the body than staying up late and going on a diet. 16．“be confident about/of...” • 原句：The woman was worried because she was not confident about her silent acting ability.(这个女人很担心，因为她对自己的无声表演能力没有信心。) • 仿写：(我们应该对自己克服困难的能力有信心。) 【答案】We should be confident of our ability to overcome the difficulties. 【详解】考查固定短语。原句中使用了“be confident about/of...”这个短语表示“对……有信心”，仿写时我们也要运用该短语。主语“我们”用人称代词we，“应该”用情态动词should，“对……有信心”用be confident of，在情态动词后系动词be用原形，宾语“我们的能力”用our ability，“克服困难”作后置定语修饰名词ability，用不定式形式to overcome the difficulties。故填：We should be confident of our ability to overcome the difficulties. 17．尽管养成新的习惯需要时间，但是只要你坚持不懈，终会达成你的目标。(take) 【答案】Although developing/ forming/ getting into new habits takes time, you will achieve/ meet your goal as/ so long as you persist/ persevere. 【详解】考查连词、动词短语和时态。表示“尽管养成新的习惯需要时间”应用连词although引导让步状语从句；表示“养成新的习惯”可用动词短语develop/form/ get into new habits，动名词短语作从句主语；表示“需要时间”应用take time，主语为动名词短语，谓语动词take用第三人称单数形式；主句部分为“终会达成你的目标”，“达成目标”可用 achieve/meet one’s goal，时态用一般将来时will achieve/meet；表示“只要”用连词as/so long as引导条件状语从句；表示“坚持不懈”可用persist/persevere。故翻译为Although developing/ forming/ getting into new habits takes time, you will achieve/ meet your goal as/ so long as you persist/ persevere. 三、（24-25高一下·黑龙江黑河·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 There were various formal greeting etiquettes in ancient China. Among them, the fist and palm salute (拱手礼) was quite a classic one. Today, though Chinese people usually shake hands when 1 (meet) friends and relatives, they still perform the fist and palm salute when they are paying a visit to someone during the traditional Chinese New Year or attending wedding receptions, birthday 2 (ceremony) or funerals. The fist and palm salute is one of the typical Chinese etiquettes 3 a history of more than 3,000 years. Since the West Zhou Dynasty, people had already used this etiquette when meeting peers. Holding hands together 4 (point) to themselves was a gesture of saying “I am not with any weapons 5 I am not here to pick a fight.” Later, it became the etiquette for people to show respect and gratitude when meeting. Around 100 years ago, the handshake etiquette 6 (introduce) to China. The holding fist salute is called Baoquan li in Chinese. The gesture of holding fist etiquette is that the right hand is made into 7 fist, the left hand is to hold or cover the right fist. Make sure the left thumb is close to the index finger and does not point to yourself, as it indicates arrogance (傲慢). The holding fist salute shows the humility. The 8 (big) difference to the fist and palm salute 9 is commonly used in daily occasions is that the holding fist salute is often 10 (wide) used among the kung fu masters and students. 【答案】 1．meeting 2．ceremonies 3．with 4．pointed 5．and 6．was introduced 7．a 8．biggest 9．that/which 10．widely 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国拱手礼的相关知识，包括现状、历史、手势及与抱拳礼的区别。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：今天，尽管中国人在遇到朋友和亲戚时通常会握手，但在传统春节期间拜访某人或参加婚礼、生日庆典或葬礼时，他们仍然会行拱手礼。此处为when引导的时间状语从句的省略，完整形式为“when they are meeting friends and relatives”，从句主语和主句主语一致，且从句中有be动词，所以省略了从句的主语和be动词，空处应为现在分词meeting。故填meeting。 2．考查名词复数。句意：今天，尽管中国人在遇到朋友和亲戚时通常会握手，但在传统春节期间拜访某人或参加婚礼、生日庆典或葬礼时，他们仍然会行拱手礼。根据空前的“wedding receptions”以及空后“or funerals”，结合ceremony是可数名词且前面没有限定词可知，空处应用名词复数形式，与前后的名词并列。故填ceremonies。 3．考查介词。句意：拱手礼是中国典型的礼仪之一，已有3000多年的历史。空处应为介词，表示“有”，with符合句意，with a history of...表示“有着……的历史”。故填with。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：双手合握指向自己是一种表示“我没有携带任何武器，也不是来挑衅的”的手势。此处为非谓语动词作后置定语，point和其逻辑主语hands之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词pointed。故填pointed。 5．考查连词。句意：双手合握指向自己是一种表示“我没有携带任何武器，也不是来挑衅的”的手势。空前的“I am not with any weapons”和空后的“I am not here to pick a fight”为并列关系，应用连词and连接。故填and。 6．考查时态和语态。句意：大约100年前，握手礼仪被引入中国。空处应为句子的谓语动词，根据时间状语“Around 100 years ago”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，introduce和主语the handshake etiquette之间为被动关系，所以句子应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为单数，be动词用was。故填was introduced。 7．考查冠词。句意：抱拳礼的手势是右手握拳，左手握住或覆盖右拳。fist为可数名词单数，此处表示泛指，应用不定冠词，且fist的发音以辅音音素开头，应用a，make into a fist表示“握拳”。故填a。 8．考查形容词最高级。句意：与日常场合常用的拱手礼最大的不同是，抱拳礼在功夫大师和学生中经常使用。根据空前的the以及句意可知，此处为形容词最高级，表示“最大的不同”，应用big的最高级biggest。故填biggest。 9．考查定语从句。句意：与日常场合常用的拱手礼最大的不同是，抱拳礼在功夫大师和学生中经常使用。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为the fist and palm salute，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which引导。故填that/which。 10．考查副词。句意：与日常场合常用的拱手礼最大的不同是，抱拳礼在功夫大师和学生中经常使用。空处修饰动词used，应用副词widely作状语，表示“广泛地”。故填widely。 四、阅读理解 （25-26高二·全国·假期作业）Gestures are an important part of non-verbal communication, but their meanings can vary greatly from culture to culture. For example, the “OK” gesture, which is formed by connecting the thumb and index finger to create a circle, has different interpretations around the world. In the United States and many European countries, it generally means “all is well” or “approval.” However, in Brazil and Germany, this gesture can be considered offensive, similar to using a vulgar word. Another common gesture is pointing with a finger. In English-speaking countries, pointing is often used to indicate a person, object, or direction. But in some Asian cultures, such as Japan and South Korea, pointing directly at someone with one finger is considered impolite. Instead, people may use an open hand or their chin to gesture. Eye contact is also a significant aspect of non-verbal communication. In Western cultures, maintaining eye contact during a conversation is seen as a sign of attentiveness and honesty. On the other hand, in some Asian cultures, too much eye contact, especially between people of different social statuses, may be considered disrespectful. For instance, a subordinate may avoid direct eye contact with a superior as a sign of deference. Understanding these cultural differences in gestures is crucial, especially in today’s globalized world. When traveling or interacting with people from different cultures, being aware of these nuances can prevent misunderstandings and help build better relationships. 1．What does the “OK” gesture mean in Brazil? A．All is well. B．Approval. C．It is offensive. D．No meaning. 2．In which countries is pointing directly at someone with one finger considered impolite? A．The United States and England. B．Japan and South Korea. C．Brazil and Germany. D．France and Italy. 3．Why is it important to understand cultural differences in gestures? A．Because gestures are more important than verbal communication. B．Because it can help us make more friends. C．Because it can prevent misunderstandings and build better relationships. D．Because it shows our knowledge of different cultures. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是手势作为非语言交流的重要组成部分，在不同文化中具有不同的含义。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“However, in Brazil and Germany, this gesture can be considered offensive, similar to using a vulgar word.(然而，在巴西和德国，这个手势可能被认为是无礼的，类似于使用粗俗的词。)”可知，在巴西，“OK”手势是具有冒犯性的，故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“But in some Asian cultures, such as Japan and South Korea, pointing directly at someone with one finger is considered impolite.(但在一些亚洲文化中，比如日本和韩国，用一根手指直接指着别人被认为是不礼貌的。)”可知，在日本和韩国，用一根手指直接指向某人被认为是不礼貌的，故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“When traveling or interacting with people from different cultures, being aware of these nuances can prevent misunderstandings and help build better relationships.(当旅行或与来自不同文化背景的人交流时，意识到这些细微差别可以防止误解，有助于建立更好的关系。)”可知，了解手势的文化差异很重要，是因为它可以避免误解并有助于建立更好的人际关系，故选C。 五、七选五 （24-25高二下·北京朝阳·期末）Sometimes it helps to have a “poker face”, an expression on your face that does not show what you are thinking or feeling. 1 Our research shows that moving your face in some way may help people warm to you more. To understand why facial expressivity is so beneficial, we first need to emphasise just how crucial social bonding is to human survival. Throughout most of our evolutionary history, our species has relied on tight-knit communities to keep ourselves fed, sheltered, and protected from dangerous outsiders. 2 Any skill or behaviour that improved someone’s ability to create and maintain lifesaving bonds was likely to exist in our gene pool over the generations. And our research suggests that facial expressivity may fall in this category. 3 Imagine meeting someone new and trying to figure out how good a fit they might be as a friend, or a colleague. You might wonder whether you can trust them, and whether you can even begin to understand each other. Someone who is easier to read may seem to be more appealing than someone who is more guarded. Simply put, being facially expressive may give others a sense that they understand you, which they like. This in turn supports the suggestion that the key function of facial expressivity is to make us more predictable. Furthermore, we found that participants’ level of expressivity didn’t change across situations or with different social partners. This finding may leave you wondering why some people remain comparatively inexpressive across situations. 4 And there could be alternative routes to being an attractive social partner. Clearly, regardless of how expressive we tend to be overall, we can also make choices about sharing more of ourselves in certain situations. Being more open and expressive may be scary — leaving people easy to be hurt. 5 So for now we think it’s best to leave your poker face at the card table. A．However, our work shows that it comes with rewards. B．Managing social relationships was a matter of life or death. C．Interestingly, more agreeable people were more facially expressive. D．For some, the costs of revealing oneself may outweigh the benefits. E．You might guess that people with cheerful expressions are best liked. F．Why would facial expressivity improve someone’s ability to build social bonds? G．Yet, in day-to-day life, when socializing, you’d better let your facial features fly free. 【答案】1．G 2．B 3．F 4．D 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了面部表情在社交互动中的重要性，指出面部表情丰富有助于建立和维持社交关系。 1．由上文“Sometimes it helps to have a “poker face”, an expression on your face that does not show what you are thinking or feeling. (有时候，拥有一张“扑克脸”是有帮助的，这是一种不会显示出你在想什么或感觉什么的表情。)”及下文“Our research shows that moving your face in some way may help people warm to you more. (我们的研究表明，以某种方式移动你的脸可能有助于人们更加喜欢你。)”可知，这里需要一个句子来转折，引出面部表情丰富的好处。G选项“Yet, in day-to-day life, when socializing, you’d better let your facial features fly free. (然而，在日常生活中，当社交时，你最好让你的面部表情自由展现。)”是对上文“扑克脸”的转折，并引出下文关于面部表情丰富的好处，符合题意。故选G。 2．由上文“Throughout most of our evolutionary history, our species has relied on tight-knit communities to keep ourselves fed, sheltered, and protected from dangerous outsiders. (在我们进化历史的大部分时间里，我们的物种都依赖紧密的社区来获取食物、庇护和保护自己免受危险的外来者的侵害。)”及下文“Any skill or behaviour that improved someone’s ability to create and maintain lifesaving bonds was likely to exist in our gene pool over the generations. (任何能够提高某人建立和维持救命关系的能力的技能或行为，都有可能在我们的基因库中代代相传。)”可知，本空应强调社交关系对人类生存的重要性。B选项“Managing social relationships was a matter of life or death. (管理社交关系是生死攸关的事情。)”是对上文内容的总结，并引出下文关于社交技能的重要性，符合题意。故选B。 3．由下文“Imagine meeting someone new and trying to figure out how good a fit they might be as a friend, or a colleague. You might wonder whether you can trust them, and whether you can even begin to understand each other. Someone who is easier to read may seem to be more appealing than someone who is more guarded. Simply put, being facially expressive may give others a sense that they understand you, which they like. This in turn supports the suggestion that the key function of facial expressivity is to make us more predictable. (想象一下，你遇到一个新朋友或同事，试图弄清楚他们是否适合做朋友或同事。你可能会怀疑自己是否能信任他们，甚至是否能开始理解对方。一个更容易读懂的人可能比一个更谨慎的人更有吸引力。简而言之，面部表情丰富可能会让别人觉得他们理解你，这是他们喜欢的。这反过来又支持了这样一种观点，即面部表情的主要功能是使我们更可预测。)”可知，本空应强调面部表情与建立社交的关系。F选项“Why would facial expressivity improve someone’s ability to build social bonds? (为什么面部表情丰富会提高某人建立社交关系的能力？)”是用设问的方式概括本段主题，符合题意。故选F。 4．由上文“Furthermore, we found that participants’ level of expressivity didn’t change across situations or with different social partners. This finding may leave you wondering why some people remain comparatively inexpressive across situations. (此外，我们发现参与者的表情丰富程度在不同情境或与不同社交伙伴相处时并没有变化。这一发现可能会让你想知道为什么有些人在不同情况下仍然相对缺乏表情。)”及下文“And there could be alternative routes to being an attractive social partner. (而且，成为有吸引力的社交伙伴可能有其他途径。)”可知，本空应解释为什么有些人在不同情况下仍然缺乏表情。D选项“For some, the costs of revealing oneself may outweigh the benefits. (对一些人来说，暴露自己的代价可能超过了好处。)”是对上文问题的解释，并引出下文关于成为有吸引力的社交伙伴的其他途径，符合题意。故选D。 5．由上文“Clearly, regardless of how expressive we tend to be overall, we can also make choices about sharing more of ourselves in certain situations. Being more open and expressive may be scary—leaving people easy to be hurt. (显然，无论我们总体上倾向于多么富有表情，我们也可以选择在某些情况下更多地分享自己。更加开放和表达可能会让人害怕——容易让人受伤。)”及下文“So for now we think it’s best to leave your poker face at the card table. (所以目前我们认为最好还是把扑克脸留在牌桌上。)”可知，本空应转折说明尽管开放表达有风险，但仍有其价值。A选项“However, our work shows that it comes with rewards. (然而，我们的研究表明，它也有回报。)”可知，这里的it指的是上文的“Being more open and expressive”，虽然开放和表达有风险，但也有回报，符合题意。故选A。 六、完形填空 （24-25高一下·云南文山·阶段练习）Body language is the quietest, most secret and most powerful language of all! It speaks 1 than words. According to specialists, our bodies send out more 2 than we realize. In fact, non-verbal communication takes up about 50% of what we really 3 . And body language is particularly 4 when we attempt to communicate across cultures. Indeed, what is called body language is so 5 a part of us that it’s actually often unnoticed. And misunderstandings occur as a result of it. 6 , different societies often treat the 7 between people differently. Northern Europeans usually do not like having bodily contact even with friends, and certainly not with 8 . People from Latin American countries, 9 , touch each other quite a lot. Therefore, it’s possible that in conversation, it may look like a Latino is 10 a Norwegian all around the room. The Latino, trying to express friendship, will keep moving closer. The Norwegian, very probably seeing this as pushiness, will keep 11 — which the Latino will in return regard as 12 . Clearly, a great deal is going on when people 13 . And only a part of it is in the words themselves. And when parties are from different cultures, there’s a strong possibility of 14 . But whatever the situation, the best advice is to obey the Golden Rule: treat others as you would like to be 15 . 1．A．sharper B．louder C．harder D．further 2．A．sounds B．opinions C．feelings D．messages 3．A．assist B．receive C．discover D．mean 4．A．immediate B．various C．important D．difficult 5．A．well B．far C．much D．long 6．A．For example B．Thus C．However D．In short 7．A．profit B．distance C．effect D．image 8．A．strangers B．partners C．neighbors D．enemies 9．A．in other words B．on the other hand C．in a similar way D．by all means 10．A．disturbing B．helping C．guiding D．following 11．A．stepping forward B．going on C．backing away D．coming out 12．A．weakness B．rudeness C．friendliness D．coldness 13．A．talk B．explore C．laugh D．think 14．A．curiosity B．eagerness C．misunderstanding D．tension 15．A．noticed B．treated C．concerned D．satisfied 【答案】 1．B 2．D 3．D 4．C 5．C 6．A 7．B 8．A 9．B 10．D 11．C 12．D 13．A 14．C 15．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了肢体语言在人际交往和跨文化交流中的重要性，不同文化背景下肢体语言的差异可能导致误解，并提出遵循 “己所不欲，勿施于人” 这一黄金法则来避免误解。 1．考查副词比较级词义辨析。句意：它比言语更有说服力。A. sharper更准时地；B. louder更大声地（此处表示更有说服力）；C. harder更努力地；D. further更进一步。根据前文“Body language is the quietest, most powerful language of all!”可知，肢体语言是最强大的语言，所以它比言语更能表达意思，即更有说服力，故选B。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：据专家说，我们的身体发出的信息比我们意识到的要多。A. sounds声音；B. opinions观点；C. feelings感觉；D. messages信息。根据上文“Body language is the quietest, most secret and most powerful language of all!”可知，身体语言传递的是信息，故选D。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实上，非语言交流约占我们真正想表达内容的 50%。A. assist帮助；B. receive接收；C. discover发现；D. mean意味着，想表达。根据“non-verbal communication takes up about 50% of what we really ”可知，这里指我们真正想表达的内容，故选D。 4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我们试图进行跨文化交流时，肢体语言尤为重要。A. immediate立即的；B. various各种各样的；C. important重要的；D. difficult困难的。根据下文“when we attempt to communicate across cultures.”可知，在跨文化交流中，肢体语言很重要，故选C。 5．考查副词词义辨析。句意：事实上，所谓的肢体语言是我们自身如此重要的一部分，以至于它常常不被注意到。A. well好；B. far远；C. much非常，很大程度上；D. long长久。根据下文“a part of us”可知，肢体语言是我们自身如此重要的一部分。so much a part of 表示 “是…… 如此重要的一部分”，故选C。 6．考查短语及副词辨析。句意：例如，不同的社会往往对人与人之间的距离有不同的看法。A. For example例如；B. Thus因此；C. However然而；D. In short总之。根据下文“Northern Europeans usually do not like having bodily contact even with friends”可知，这里是举例说明肢体语言导致误解，故选A。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：例如，不同的社会往往对人与人之间的距离有不同的看法。A. profit利润；B. distance距离；C. effect影响；D. image形象。根据后文“Northern Europeans usually do not like having bodily contact even with friends, and certainly not with... People from Latin American countries, ..., touch each other quite a lot.”提到北欧人和拉丁美洲人对身体接触的不同态度，即对人与人之间距离的看法不同，故选B。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：北欧人通常不喜欢与朋友有身体接触，当然更不喜欢与陌生人有身体接触。A. strangers陌生人；B. partners伙伴；C. neighbors邻居；D. enemies敌人。根据前文“Northern Europeans usually do not like having bodily contact even with friends”可知，北欧人不喜欢和朋友有身体接触，更不喜欢和陌生人，故选A。 9．考查短语辨析。句意：另一方面，拉丁美洲国家的人相互之间接触较多。A. in other words换句话说；B. on the other hand另一方面；C. in a similar way以类似的方式；D. by all means务必。这里与北欧人情况对比，用 on the other hand，故选B。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，在交谈中，可能看起来一个拉丁美洲人在房间里一直跟着一个挪威人。A. disturbing打扰；B. helping帮助；C. guiding引导；D. following跟随。根据下文“The Latino, trying to express friendship”可知，因为拉丁美洲人想靠近表示友好，而挪威人不喜欢身体接触，因此躲避，所以像拉丁美洲人在跟着挪威人，故选D。 11．考查动词短语辨析。句意：挪威人很可能会把这视为鲁莽，会一直往后退 —— 而拉丁美洲人反过来会认为这是冷漠。A. stepping forward向前走；B. going on继续；C. backing away后退；D. coming out出现在公众视野。根据上文“The Norwegian, very probably seeing this as pushiness”可知，挪威人不喜欢靠近，所以会后退，故选C。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：挪威人很可能会把这视为鲁莽，会一直往后退 —— 而拉丁美洲人反过来会认为这是冷漠。A. weakness弱点；B. rudeness粗鲁；C. friendliness友好；D. coldness冷漠。根据“ The Latino, trying to express friendship, will keep moving closer. The Norwegian, very probably seeing this as pushiness, will keep 11 ”可知，友好的拉丁美洲人会觉得挪威人的后退是冷漠，故选D。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：显然，当人们交谈时，很多事情在发生。A. talk交谈；B. explore探索；C. laugh笑；D. think思考。根据上文“when we attempt to communicate across cultures.”可知，文章主要讲交谈中的肢体语言，故选A。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当双方来自不同文化时，很有可能产生误解。A. curiosity好奇；B. eagerness渴望；C. misunderstanding误解；D. tension紧张。根据前文“when parties are from different cultures”可知，不同文化背景下肢体语言差异易导致误解，故选C。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但无论情况如何，最好的建议是遵循黄金法则：己所不欲，勿施于人。A. noticed注意到；B. treated对待；C. concerned关心；D. satisfied使满意。根据前文“treat others”可知，这里指像你希望被对待的方式那样去对待别人，故选B。 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$