Unit 5 Period 1 Reading and Thinking（分层作业）英语人教版2019选择性必修第一册

Unit 5 Period 1 Reading and Thinking分层练习 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 一．汉译英 1． n.消耗；消耗量；消费→ v.消耗；吃；喝；烧毁→ n.消费者 2． vt.产生；引起→ n.产生；一代人 3． n.闲暇；休闲；空闲→ adj.从容不迫的；不慌不忙的adv.从容地；不慌不忙地 4． n.想象；视力；视野；影像→ adj.视力的；视觉的→ adv.视力地；视觉地→ adj.看得见的；可见的；明显的→ adv.易察觉地；明显地→ vt.使形象化；想象；构思；设想 5． n.现实；实际情况；事实→ adj.真实的；真正的 6． adj.含盐的；咸的→ n.盐 7． n.扩建部分；扩大；电话分机→ v.扩展；延长；使延伸 8． adj.与化学有关的；化学的n.化学制品；化学品→ adv.与化学有关地→ n.化学→ n.化学家；药剂师；药商 9． adj.营养（物）的→ adj.有营养的；营养丰富的→ n.营养；滋养 10． vt.减轻；缓解→ n.缓和；缓解 11． vt.& vi.消化vt.领会；领悟n.摘要；文摘→ n.消化；消化能力 12． adj.完全必要的；极其重要的n.必需品；要素；实质→ adv.本质上；根本上；基本上 13． n.向下（或向里）的距离；深（度）→ adj.深的；厚的 14． adv.全部地；完整地；完全地→ adj.整个的；完全的 【答案】 1． consumption consume consumer 2． generate generation 3． leisure leisurely 4． vision visual visually visible visibly visualize 5． reality real 6． salty salt 7． extension extend 8． chemical chemically chemistry chemist 9． nutritional nutritious nutrition 10． alleviate alleviation 11． digest digestion 12． essential essentially 13． depth deep 14． entirely entire 汉译英 1． 喜欢；照顾；照料 2． 耕种土地 3． 一个……的问题 4． 远非；远离 5． 在内心深处；本质上；实际上 6． 成功做…… 7． 在国内外 8． 凭空想出；虚构出 9． 呈现；承担（责任）；决定做；雇佣 10． 金融危机 11． 过绿色的生活 12． 抱怨 13． 某人下定决心做…… 14． 提升意识 15． 相应地；转而；依次；轮流 【答案】 1．care for 2．work the land 3．a matter of 4．far from 5．deep down 6．succeed in doing... 7．at home and abroad 8．dream up 9．take on 10．financial crisis 11．live a green life 12．complain about 13．make up one’s mind to do... 14．raise awareness 15．in turn 二、单句语法填空 1．Now that we have finished the design, it is time to construct the bridge their turn. 【答案】in 【详解】考查介词。句意：既然我们已经完成了设计，现在该轮到他们建造这座桥了。in one’s turn是固定短语，意为“轮到某人”，因此空格处用介词in，故填in。 2．I post my work on social media and, turn, have met some of the kindest people. 【答案】in 【详解】考查介词。句意：我把我的作品发布在社交媒体上，反过来，我也遇到了一些最善良的人。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处使用介词短语in turn“反过来”。故填in。 3．According to a report, the committee is comprised 12 members. 【答案】of 【详解】考查介词。句意：据报道，该委员会由12名成员组成。be comprised of是固定短语，意为“由……组成”，因此空格处用介词of，故填of。 4．Deep down they assumed her (be) the best singer of their time. 【答案】to be 【详解】考查不定式。句意：在内心深处，他们认为她是那个时代最好的歌手。assume sb. to be是固定短语，意为“认为某人是……”，因此空格处是to be。故填to be。 5．Compared to other (alternative), it’s comfortable and relaxing. 【答案】alternatives 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：与其他选择相比，它是舒适和放松的。other意为“其他的”，其后跟名词复数形式，因此空格处是alternatives。故填alternatives。 6．It was so serious a matter that I had no alternative but (call) the police. 【答案】to call 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：事情如此严重，我别无选择，只能报警。have no alternative but to do sth.是固定短语，意为“别无选择，只能做某事”，因此空格处是不定式to call。故填to call。 7． instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals. 【答案】For 【详解】考查介词。句意：例如，从4个5人的讨论小组中得到的平均值比从20个独立个体中得到的平均值要准确得多。for instance是固定短语，意为“例如”，因此空格处是for，位于句首的单词首字母大写，故填For。 8．This standard is easily (attain) by most students. 【答案】attainable 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这个标准对大多数学生来说是很容易达到的。空格处用形容词作表语，attain的形容词是attainable，意为“可以达到的”，故填attainable。 9．It is said a new school will be built here. 【答案】that 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：据说这里要建一所新学校。“It is said that...”是固定句型，意为“据说……”，其中it是形式主语，“that”引导的是主语从句，故填that。 10． we can finish the task on time is a big question. 【答案】Whether 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：我们是否能按时完成任务是一个很大的问题。is前是主语从句，从句缺少“是否”之意，用whether引导，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Whether。 11．It is important (keep) a positive attitude in life. 【答案】to keep 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在生活中保持积极的态度很重“It is + 形容词 + to do sth.” 是固定句型，it是形式主语，不定式短语 “to keep a positive attitude in life” 是真正的主语，故填 to keep。 12． I asked for leave last week was that I was ill. 【答案】Why 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：我上周请假的原因是我生病了。本空引导主语从句，从句结构完整， 应用连接副词引导，结合句意可知此处表示“为什么，……的原因”，用why引导，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Why。 13． the newly built road is to be open to traffic has not been made clear. 【答案】When 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：新建的道路何时向交通开放尚未明确。分析句子结构可知，“_____ the newly built road is to be open to traffic”为主语从句，且从句中不缺成分，结合句意可知，此处表示“何时”，所以此处应用连接副词when引导该从句，且when位于句首，首字母大写。故填When。 14． we discovered is that it’s unwise to judge what you eat only by its appearance. 【答案】What 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：我们发现仅凭外观来判断你吃的东西是不明智的。空处引导主语从句，从句中缺少discovered的宾语，且指物，应用what引导，位于句首，首字母大写。故填What。 15．These findings are exciting because it’s possible improving people’s cardiovascular (心血管的) fitness in middle age could delay or even prevent them from developing dementia(失智症). 【答案】that 【详解】考查主语从句的连接词。句意：这些发现令人兴奋，因为改善中年人的心血管健康有可能延缓甚至防止他们患失智症。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，it为形式主语，空处引导主语从句，且从句中不缺任何成分，应用that引导从句，构成固定句式it’s possible that. . . 表示“……是可能的”。故填that。 16．Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even (optimistic). 【答案】more optimistic 【详解】考查形容词的比较级。句意：感恩有很多好处：研究表明，它让我们更快乐，压力更小，甚至更乐观。空处在句中作宾补，与前面的happier及less stressed是并列关系，且空前出现了比较级的修饰词even，空处也应用形容词optimistic“乐观的”的比较级形式more optimistic。故填more optimistic。 17．Their siheyuan were far (small) in scale and simpler in design and decoration, and the hutongs were narrower. 【答案】smaller 【详解】考查形容词的比较级。句意：他们的四合院规模要小很多，并且在设计和装饰上更加简单，并且胡同也更窄。“ ________(small) in scale”与空后的“simpler in design and decoration”为并列结构，形式上应保持一致，故空处应用形容词的比较级。故填smaller。 18．For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly (accurate) than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals. 【答案】more accurate 【详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：例如，从四个五人讨论组的估计中获得的平均值比从20个独立个体获得的平均值更准确。由空后的than 可知，此处应用所给形容词比较级形式more accurate，作表语，故填more accurate。 19． never occurred to him that the easier the questions were, the more careful he should be. 【答案】It 【详解】考查形式主语。句意：他从未想过，问题越简单，他就应该越小心。分析句子结构可知，此处应用it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句，空处位于句首，首字母大写。故填It。 20．All these problems (overcome) through adjusting the traditional cotton cloth printing process. 【答案】 were overcome 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：通过对传统棉布印花工艺的调整，克服了这些问题。句子中描述的动作(克服问题)已经发生，是过去的事情，所以要使用过去时态，主语“problems”为复数意义并承受谓语动词overcome的动作，则此处应使用一般过去时的被动语态，故填were overcome。 三、（1）根据汉语意思翻译下列句子 1．原句：Inspired by ancient art, the modern artist created a series of unique sculptures.（受古代艺术启发，这位现代艺术家创作了一系列独特的雕塑。） 仿写：（面对文化流失的威胁，当地社区正携手保护传统。） 【答案】Faced with the threat of cultural loss, local communities are working together to preserve their traditions. 【详解】考查非谓语、时态及固定短语。表示“当地社区”用local communities，作主语；表示“携手”用work together，句子描述正在发生的事情，时态用现在进行时，谓语用are working together；表示“保护”用preserve，用不定式，作目的状语；表示“他们的传统”用their traditions，作preserve的宾语。表示“面对”用be faced with，省略be动词，用过去分词形式，作状语；表示“文化流失的威胁”用the threat of cultural loss，作Faced with的宾语；故答案为Faced with the threat of cultural loss, local communities are working together to preserve their traditions. 2．原句：Not only does traditional architecture reflect history, but it also serves as a symbol of cultural identity.（传统建筑不仅反映历史，还象征着文化认同。） 仿写：（我们不仅应该尊重文化多样性，还必须积极推动其保护。） 【答案】Not only should we respect cultural diversity, but we must also actively promote its preservation. 【详解】考查倒装句、情态动词及名词。表示“我们”用we，作主语；表示“应该”用情态动词should；表示“不仅……还……”用not only...but (also)...，当not only位于句首时，其后的句子要用部分倒装，即将情态动词should提到主语we之前；表示“尊重”用respect，与情态动词should搭配，用原形；表示“文化多样性”用cultural diversity，作respect的宾语。but后的句子主语用we，表示“必须”用must，其后接动词原形；表示“推动”用promote；表示“积极地”用actively，作状语，修饰promote；表示“其保护”用its preservation，作promote的宾语，其中its指代cultural diversity。故翻译为Not only should we respect cultural diversity, but we must also actively promote its preservation. 3．幸运的是，受到同学们的鼓励，我开始迈出第一步。 【答案】Fortunately, with encouragement from my classmates, I began to take the first step. 【详解】考查副词、名词、时态、不定式。表示“幸运的是”用fortunately，作状语，修饰句子，位于句首，首字母大写；表示“带有，具有”用with；表示“鼓励”用encouragement，作with的宾语；表示“来自”用介词from；表示“我的同学们”用my classmates，作from的宾语；表示“我”用I，作主语；“我开始迈出第一步”描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，谓语用动词begin“开始”的过去式；表示“迈出第一步”用take the first step，用动词的不定式，作began的宾语。故翻译为：Fortunately, with encouragement from my classmates, I began to take the first step. 4．那时我面对着这份任务，不知所措。 【答案】I was at a loss facing the task. 【详解】考查固定短语和非谓语动词。分析句子可知，这里时态应用一般过去时表过去情况，表示“不知所措”使用固定短语be at a loss，故“我不知所措”翻译为I was at a loss，为主系表结构；表示“面对”使用动词face，和I之间是主谓关系，使用现在分词作状语，“任务”使用名词task。故翻译为I was at a loss facing the task. 5．据估计，讲座将持续三个小时。(estimate) 【答案】 It is estimated that the lecture will last for three hours. 【详解】考查主语从句和时态。表示“据估计”可以使用主语从句“It is estimated that...”，从句的主语“讲座”为“the lecture”，“将持续”为一般将来时“will last”，时间状语“三个小时”为“for three hours”，故翻译为： It is estimated that the lecture will last for three hours. 6．鼓励学生尝试各种各样的休闲活动来减少巨大的学习压力。 【答案】Students are encouraged to try various leisure activities to reduce tremendous academic stress. 【详解】考查短语、时态和时态。动词“鼓励”为“encourage”，名词复数“学生”为“students ”，动词“尝试”为“try”，形容词“各种各样的”为“various”，“休闲活动”为“leisure activities”，动词“减少”为“reduce”，形容词“巨大的”为“tremendous”，“学习压力”为“academic stress”，“鼓励某人做某事”为“encourage sb to do sth”，“来减少巨大的学习压力”为动词不定式作目的状语，即“ to reduce tremendous academic stress”。该句子描述的是一种普遍适用的规律，使用一般现在时，“学生”承受“鼓励”的动作，因此使用被动语态。故翻译为： Students are encouraged to try various leisure activities to reduce tremendous academic stress. 7．随着世界的快速变化，我们每天都有新的事情要处理。(with复合结构) 【答案】With the world changing rapidly, we have new things to deal with every day. 【详解】考查with复合结构、名词和动词（短语）。句子在介绍经常性的行为，时态宜用一般现在时；“随着世界的快速变化”可用with复合结构表示，作状语，其中的宾语“世界”应用名词the world，宾语补足语“快速变化”可用动词短语change rapidly，change和the world逻辑上是主动关系，因此change应用现在分词的形式；主语“我们”用代词we，谓语“有”可用动词have，宾语“新的事情”可用名词短语new things，“要处理”可用不定式短语to deal with，作things的后置定语，状语“每天”可用every day。故可译为：With the world changing rapidly, we have new things to deal with every day. 8．我有必要学会独立生活。(essential) 【答案】It is essential for me to learn to live independently. 【详解】考查时态，固定句型和形容词。句子陈述事实用一般现在时，此处为句型it be essential for sb. to do sth.表示“做某事对某人必要”，其中it作形式主语，动词不定式是真正的主语；表示“学会”应用learn to do sth.；表示“独立生活”为live independently。故翻译为It is essential for me to learn to live independently. 9．化学农药和人工肥料可以抵御作物病害、提高产量。 【答案】Chemical pesticides and artificial fertilizers can fight crop disease and increase production. 【详解】考查名词、动词、形容词和短语。分析句意可知，本句时态可用一般现在时来陈述科学事实；表示“化学农药”可用短语chemical pesticide，表示“人工肥料”可用artificial fertilizer，因为pesticide和fertilizer都是可数名词，根据句意应该用复数形式，且用and连接这两个短语作主语；表示“可以”用情态动词can；表示“抵御”可用动词fight；表示“作物病害”可用短语crop disease；表示“提高”可用动词increase；表示“产量”可用名词production。故答案为Chemical pesticides and artificial fertilizers can fight crop disease and increase production. 10．最让我激动的是，我被一所著名的大学录取了。(What excited sb most was that ...; be admitted to...) 【答案】What excited me most was that I was admitted into a famous university. 【详解】考查主语从句、表语从句和时态。引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，指物应用what；表示“最让某人激动”应用excite sb. most；后跟that引导的表语从句；从句主语为I；表示“被录取”短语为be admitted into；表示“一所著名的大学”为a famous university。为一般过去时。故翻译为What excited me most was that I was admitted into a famous university. 11．袁隆平给人们印象最深的是他不断实现梦想的能力。(fulfil one's dream) 【答案】What impresses people most about Yuan Longping is his ability to fulfill his dream. 【详解】考查主语从句和短语。引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，指事物应用what；表示“某人使……印象最深”应用impress sb. most about sb.；表示“能力”应用名词ability，作表语，后跟不定式短语fulfill his dream作定语。为一般现在时。故翻译为What impresses people most about Yuan Longping is his ability to fulfill his dream. 12．我相信它将提高效率和产量。 【答案】I am convinced that it will boost efficiency and yields. 【详解】考查动词、名词和宾语从句。句子为主从复合句，主句描述当前的想法，时态宜用一般现在时，从句描述未来的情况，时态宜用一般将来时。主句的主语“我”用代词I，“相信”可用固定结构be convinced that，be动词用am，that引导的是宾语从句；从句中主语“它”用代词it，谓语“将提高”可用动词will boost，宾语“效率和产量”可用名词短语efficiency and yields。故翻译为I am convinced that it will boost efficiency and yields。 13．我相信他的农家乐度假村将会越来越受欢迎。 (convince) 【答案】I’m convinced that his agritainment resort will become more and more popular. 【详解】考查短语、时态和宾语从句。“相信……”用be convinced that...，后接宾语从句，引导词that在从句中不作成分，只起到引导作用；“农家乐度假村”翻译为agritainment resort，在从句中作主语；“越来越……”用短语more and more；“受欢迎”翻译为become popular。根据句意，主句用一般现在时，从句用一般将来时。故翻译为I’m convinced that his agritainment resort will become more and more popular. 14．他从不使用化肥，他的水果和蔬菜营养又美味。 (chemical; fertilizer; nutritious) 【答案】He never uses chemical fertilizers; his fruit and vegetables are nutritious and delicious. 【详解】考查并列分句和时态。第一个分句“他”he在句中作主语；“从不使用”翻译为never use；“化肥”翻译为chemical fertilizer；第二个分句“他的水果和蔬菜”his fruit and vegetables在句中作主语，谓语动词用are，后接形容词作表语；“营养又美味”翻译为nutritious and delicious。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。根据句意，故翻译为He never uses chemical fertilizers; his fruit and vegetables are nutritious and delicious. 15．在这里游客除了参观小农场外，还可以品尝有机食品。 (organic) 【答案】In addition to visiting the small farm, visitors can taste organic foods here. 【详解】考查短语、非谓语动词和情态动词。“除了……外”用短语in addition to，后接动名词作宾语；“参观小农场”翻译为visit the small farm；“游客”为visitor，泛指，用复数形式，在句中作主语；“可以”用情态动词can，后接动词原形；“品尝有机食品”翻译为taste organic foods 。根据句意，故翻译为In addition to visiting the small farm, visitors can taste organic foods here. 16．在克服了各种困难之后，去年他的梦想变成了现实。 (overcome; reality) 【答案】After overcoming all kinds of difficulties, he turned his dream into reality last year. 【详解】考查时态，动名词和名词。在……之后用介词after，克服了各种困难译为“overcome all kinds of difficulties”，接在after之后应用动名词形式，主语他用he，他的梦想变为现实译为“turn his dream into reality”，去年last year，描述过去的事情，应用一般过去时，故翻译After overcoming all kinds of difficulties, he turned his dream into reality last year.。 17．两年前，王先生想建立一个农家乐度假村 (agritainment resort)，但是他的主要问题之一是缺少资金。 (shortage) 【答案】Two years ago, Mr. Wang wanted to set up an agritainment resort. However, one of his main problems was a shortage of funds. 【详解】考查时态、固定搭配和不定式。two years ago意为“两年前”；want to do sth.意为“想要做某事”，不定式作宾语；set up意为“建立”；however意为“但是”，为副词；main problem意为“主要问题”；one of...意为“……之一”；a shortage of意为“缺少”。根据句中的时间状语“两年前”可知，这里表示过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故本句可翻译为：Two years ago, Mr. Wang wanted to set up an agritainment resort. However, one of his main problems was a shortage of funds. 18．这是我第一次被邀请参加如此重要的会议。(invite) 【答案】It was the first time that I had been invited to attend such an important meeting. 【详解】考查固定句型和时态。表示“是某人第几次做某事”应用 It /This is (was) the first time＋that-句型，that从句通常用完成时：主句是is时，that从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时；主句是was时，that从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时。根据句意，此处应用It was the first time that sb. had done sth.。表示“邀请”应用动词invite，此处应用被动语态；表示“参加”应用动词attend；表示“如此重要的会议”应用such an important meeting。故翻译为：It was the first time that I had been invited to attend such an important meeting. 19．在回来之前，我哥哥买了一些书。(buy) 【答案】My brother had bought some books before he came back. 【详解】考查名词，动词，代词，连词，短语和时态。表示“回来”应用动词短语come back；表示“在…之前”应用连词before；表示“我哥哥”应用名词短语my brother；表示“买”应用动词buy；表示“一些”应用不定代词some；表示“书”应用名词book的复数形式，表示泛指；表示“”应用；分析句子结构和意思可知，这句话描述的是过去的事情，句子谓语用一般过去时。连词before引导时间状语从句，主句谓语“买”发生在从句谓语“回来”之前，用过去完成时。故翻译为My brother had bought some books before he came back. 20．他已经回来了，他在农村工作了两年。(work) 【答案】He has returned and he worked in the countryside for two years. 【详解】考查动词的时态和并列句。表示“回来”应用动词return；表示“在农村”短语为in the countryside，在句中作状语。表示“他已经回来了”应用现在完成时态；表示“他在农村工作了两年”应用一般过去时态。分析句子结构，此处应用and连接两个简单句，构成并列句。故翻译为：He has returned and he worked in the countryside for two years. 三、（24-25高一下·黑龙江黑河·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Golden Gate National Recreation Area (GGNRA) is one of the largest urban national parks in the world. 1 (establish) in 1972 to bring “parks to the people”, GGNRA’s nearly 76,000 acres of land and water stretch north of the Golden Gate Bridge 2 Tomales Bay in Marin County and south to San Mateo County. The park has nearly 60 miles of bay and ocean shoreline. These lands represent one of the nation’s largest coastal preserves and attract 16 million visitors each year, 3 (make) GGNRA one of the National Park Service’s most 4 (high) visited units. Over the last forty years, public interest in Alcatraz Island 5 (continue) to grow. Each year, more than 1.7 million visitors travel to Alcatraz Island. Today, Alcatraz is being preserved for the enjoyment and 6 (understand) of future generations. Former prison buildings are being conserved and upgraded, and 7 (addition) areas of the Island are opened to the public as safety risks are removed. Seabirds are returning in ever-greater 8 (number), and naturalists carefully follow the number of eggs laid during the 8-month long nesting season. Much of this work is carried out by dedicated Alcatraz “Volunteers In Parks” (VIPs) 9 lead guided walks, carry out bird census, help restore long-neglected gardens, 10 preserve historic structures around the Island. More work needs to be done, though, and the Park Service is always looking for additional volunteers and donors. 【答案】 1．Established 2．to 3．making 4．highly 5．has continued 6．understanding 7．additional 8．numbers 9．who/that 10．and 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了金门国家休闲区（GGNRA）。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：金门国家休闲区（Golden Gate National Recreation Area，简称GGNRA）成立于1972年，旨在将“公园带给人民”，其近76,000英亩的土地和水域从金门大桥北侧延伸至马林县的托马莱斯湾（Tomales Bay），南侧则延伸至圣马特奥县。空处需填非谓语动词作状语，GGNRA和establish为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Established。 2．考查介词。句意同上。stretch to为固定搭配，意为“延伸至……”。故填to。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：这些土地是美国最大的海岸保护区之一，每年吸引1600万游客，使金门国家休闲区成为国家公园管理局下辖游客量最高的景区之一。空处需填非谓语动词作状语，make与逻辑主语These lands之间是主动关系，且表示自然而然的结果，因此用现在分词making。故填making。 4．考查副词。句意同上。修饰动词visited，需用副词highly作状语。故填highly。 5．考查动词时态。句意：在过去的四十年里，公众对阿尔卡特拉斯岛（Alcatraz Island）的兴趣持续增长。根据时间状语“Over the last forty years”可知，此处为现在完成时，主语为public interest，助动词用has。故填has continued。 6．考查名词。句意：如今，阿尔卡特拉斯岛（Alcatraz）正被保护起来，以供后代欣赏和了解。空处和enjoyment并列，需填名词understanding，作宾语。故填understanding。 7．考查形容词。句意：昔日的监狱建筑正在得到保护与修缮，随着安全隐患的消除，岛上更多区域向公众开放。修饰名词areas，需用形容词additional，作定语。故填additional。 8．考查名词。句意：海鸟的数量不断增多，自然学家们仔细记录着长达8个月的筑巢季节中产下的鸟蛋数量。此处in greater numbers是固定短语，表示“更大数量地”，因此需要用名词复数形式numbers。故填numbers。 9．考查定语从句。句意：这些工作大部分都由热心奉献的阿尔卡特拉斯“公园志愿者”（VIPs）完成，他们带领游客参观、进行鸟类普查、帮助恢复长期被忽视的花园，并维护岛上的历史建筑，不过，还有更多工作需要完成，公园管理局一直在寻找更多的志愿者和捐赠者。空处引导定语从句，先行词“Volunteers In Parks” (VIPs)，指人，关系词指代先行词在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词who/that引导。故填who/that。 10．考查连词。句意同上。lead guided walks，carry out bird census，help restore long-neglected gardens和preserve historic structures around the Island是并列的谓语动词短语，表示VIPs所做的多项工作，因此用连词and连接。故填and。 四、阅读理解 （24-25高二下·江苏连云港·期末）In 1945, scientist Maisie Carr stood a fence around 5 hectares of peatland on Victoria’s Bogong High Plains. That fence would form the first of Maisie’s Plots, two sites where things were watched. They are still used by scientists today and have recently been added to the Victorian Heritage Register. It’s one of Australia’s longest-running ecological experiments (生态实验), and it began with a true pioneer who had to learn to ride a horse to carry out her work. Born in 1912 in Footscray, Melbourne, Maisie showed her scientific ability as a student and was awarded scholarships to Melbourne High School and the University of Melbourne. In 1941 she was employed by the university to research soil erosion (土壤侵蚀) in Victoria’s High Country. She set up Maisie’s Plots — one at Rocky Valley and one at Pretty Valley — to see how cattle influenced the plant life on peatland and grassland. At each site, Maisie fenced off one area to keep cattle out, and marked another nearby area. The fenced and unfenced areas were regularly checked for types and amounts of plants, to assess the influence of cattle. This led to stricter controls on cattle eating in the area, and finally it was cancelled altogether. Dr Manifold, Maisie’s nephew, said Maisie’s many letters showed her ability to adapt to a new and challenging environment. “She made many cattlemen friends, but some cattlemen were concerned that the agreements that allow them to use the High Plains land were at risk because of her, so there were disagreements too, which she managed quite well, I think.” John Morgan, from La Trobe University, has been watching over Maisie’s Plots since 1989. He said Maisie’s experiment showed what would later happen when cattle were not allowed to eat the plants on the High Plains after the 2003 bush fires. The next generation of scientists have continued to watch over the sites’ recovery since the cattle were taken away. And they do it using the same method Maisie used back in the 1940s, to make sure the data is comparable. “No one thought 75 years ago we’d still be doing this,” Dr Morgan said. “Generations of students and researchers have been educated at Maisie’s Plots.” 1．Why did Maisie set up the fence? A．To raise animals. B．To do her research. C．To learn horse riding. D．To divide the locals’ fields. 2．What did Maisie do on the two sites of Maisie’s Plots? A．She planted several types of grass. B．She kept animals away from them. C．She tried to prevent water and soil loss. D．She examined the effects of cattle on them. 3．What did Dr Manifold say about Maisie? A．She met with some troubles. B．She suffered from homesickness. C．She couldn’t get on with the locals. D．She couldn’t adapt to new environments. 4．What does Dr Morgan think of Maisie’s Plots? A．They hold great cultural value. B．They should be protected and spread. C．They serve as models for scientists today. D．They contribute greatly to wildfire prevention. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了1945年，科学家梅西·卡尔在维多利亚州设置围栏开展生态实验，其地块沿用至今并列入遗产名录，影响深远。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“That fence would form the first of Maisie’s Plots, two sites where things were watched.(这道围栏成为了梅西的首批实验区域之一，也是两个被密切观察的地点)”可知，玛西搭建那道围栏是为了进行她的研究。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“She set up Maisie’s Plots — one at Rocky Valley and one at Pretty Valley — to see how cattle influenced the plant life on peatland and grassland.(她设立了梅西的实验区域——一处在洛基山谷，一处在普雷奇山谷——以观察牛群如何影响泥炭地和草原上的植物生长)”可知，梅西在“梅西地块”上的两个地点研究了牲畜对那里的影响。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段“She made many cattlemen friends, but some cattlemen were concerned that the agreements that allow them to use the High Plains land were at risk because of her, so there were disagreements too, which she managed quite well, I think.(她结交了很多牧场主朋友，但有些牧场主担心由于她的原因，他们所签订的允许使用高地平原土地的协议可能会面临风险，因此也出现了分歧。不过我认为，她很好地处理了这些分歧)”可知，曼尼福德医生对梅西说她遇到了一些麻烦。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段““No one thought 75 years ago we’d still be doing this,” Dr Morgan said. “Generations of students and researchers have been educated at Maisie’s Plots.”(摩根博士说：“75 年前谁也没想到我们如今还能从事这项工作。一代又一代的学生和研究人员都在梅西庄园接受教育。”)”可知，摩根博士认为梅西的这些阴谋论如今成为了科学家们研究的范例。故选C。 五、七选五 （2025高二·全国·专题练习）Yuan Longping is considered the “father of hybrid (杂交) rice”. 5 , which helped China feed nearly one-fifth of the world’s population with only about 7 percent of the world’s land suitable for growing crops. Shortly after a serious nationwide famine (饥荒) in the 1960s, Yuan decided to devote himself to studying how to increase the production of rice, a main food for over 60 percent of Chinese people. 6 . Yuan succeeded in developing the world’s first high-yielding (高产的) hybrid rice in 1973, 7 , rising from the previous only 300kg per mu. For the next four decades, he continued to work on research and development of hybrid rice, achieving increasingly higher output. 8 , the highest honor in the country, for his outstanding contribution to China’s food security (保障), agricultural scientific development and world food supply. In 2020, hybrid rice developed by Yuan’s team achieved 1,500 kilograms per mu in two growing seasons, a new world record. In June 2020, his team started to grow seawater rice on a farm at an altitude of 2,800 meters in northwest China’s Qinghai Province. Yuan once said he had two dreams. 9 . The other is that hybrid rice could be grown all over the world to help solve food shortages. A．Yuan said growing seawater rice is vital to China’s food security B．One is to enjoy the cool under the rice crops taller than men C．On September 29, 2019, Yuan was awarded the “Medal of the Republic” D．which could reach more than 500 kg per mu E．Yuan never held himself back from making new breakthroughs F．He then began a special lifelong connection with rice G．He devoted his life to the research and development of hybrid rice 【答案】1．G 2．F 3．D 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇人物传记，主要介绍了袁隆平被誉为“杂交水稻之父”，他毕生致力于杂交水稻的研究和开发，这种水稻帮助中国用占世界耕地面积约7%的耕地养活了世界近五分之一的人口。 1．上文“Yuan Longping is considered the “father of hybrid rice”.(袁隆平被誉为“杂交水稻之父”)”和下文“ which helped China feed nearly one-fifth of the world’s population with only about 7 percent of the world’s land suitable for growing crops.(这帮助中国用占世界耕地面积约7%的耕地养活了世界近五分之一的人口。)”说明袁隆平毕生致力于杂交水稻的研究和开发，这种水稻帮助中国用占世界耕地面积约7%的耕地养活了世界近五分之一的人口。G项“他毕生致力于杂交水稻的研究和开发。”符合语境。故选G。 2．上文“Shortly after a serious nationwide famine in the 1960s, Yuan decided to devote himself to studying how to increase the production of rice, a main food for over 60 percent of Chinese people. (在20世纪60年代一场全国性的严重饥荒爆发时，袁隆平决定致力于研究如何提高水稻的产量，水稻是60%以上中国人的主要食物。)”说明20世纪60年代一场全国性的严重饥荒爆发时，袁隆平决定致力于研究如何提高水稻的产量。F项“于是，他一生与水稻结下了缘。”符合语境，其中then起到衔接作用，承接上文。故选F。 3．上文“Yuan succeeded in developing the world’s first high-yielding hybrid rice in 1973(袁于1973年成功研制出世界上第一个高产杂交水稻)”和下文“rising from the previous only 300kg per mu(产量比之前的每亩300公斤要高)”说明以前的水稻产量每亩仅300千克，生产出高产杂交水稻后，水稻产量上升。D项“可以达到每亩500公斤以上”符合语境。故选D。 4．下文“the highest honor in the country(全国最高荣誉)”说明袁隆平被授予全国最高荣誉。C项“2019年9月29日，袁隆平被授予‘共和国勋章’”符合语境。故选C。 5．上文“Yuan once said he had two dreams.(袁曾经说过他有两个梦想。)”和下文“The other is that hybrid rice could be grown all over the world to help solve food shortages.(另一个是，杂交水稻可以在世界各地种植，以帮助解决粮食短缺问题。)”可推知，该空要写袁隆平的一个梦想。B项“一个梦想是在比人高的水稻下乘凉”符合语境。故选B。 六、完形填空 （24-25高二上·广东清远·期中）William Thomson was born on 26 June, 1824 in Belfast. He was taught by his father, a professor of mathematics. In 1832, the family moved to Glasgow where Thomson attended university at the age of 10, then studied at Cambridge and Paris Universities. In 1846 he became professor of natural philosophy in Glasgow, a post he 1 for more than 50 years. In Glasgow, Thomson 2 the first physics laboratory in Britain. He was a pioneer in many different 3 , particularly electromagnetism (电磁学) and thermodynamics (热力学). 4 Faraday (法拉第), he was responsible for the introduction of the 5 of an electromagnetic field where Thomson developed the work of the 6 of the subject, Nicolas Carnot and James Joule. One of the most 7 results of his work was his idea of an absolute zero of temperature — the scale based on this is named 8 him. Throughout his work Thomson’s main goal was the practical use of science. He achieved 9 through his work on submarine telegraphy, a major practical problem of the day. He was 10 as a scientific adviser in the laying of the Atlantic telegraph cables in 1857 — 1858 and 1865 — 1866,for which he was knighted in 1866. His 11 in marine issues also inspired him to develop a mariners’ compass and 12 a tide machine and depth-measuring equipment. He invented many electrical instruments and his house in Glasgow was the first to be 13 by electric light. Thomson was raised to the noblemen with the 14 of Baron Kelvin of Largs in 1892. The Kelvin was a small river that flowed near Glasgow University and he was president of the royal Society from 1890 to 1895. He died on 17 December, 1907, in Ayrshire, Scotland and was 15 in Westminster Abbey. 1．A．sought B．convinced C．admired D．held 2．A．took up B．broke up C．set up D．blew up 3．A．fields B．countries C．labs D．colleges 4．A．In spite of B．Except for C．Together with D．Regardless of 5．A．command B．condition C．contract D．concept 6．A．learners B．pioneers C．competitors D．enemies 7．A．important B．domestic C．fortunate D．positive 8．A．for B．with C．after D．on 9．A．aspect B．fame C．contribution D．enthusiasm 10．A．considered B．attracted C．employed D．accused 11．A．hobby B．desire C．success D．interest 12．A．operate B．invent C．control D．produce 13．A．lit B．built C．decorated D．equipped 14．A．title B．name C．honor D．award 15．A．preserved B．respected C．admitted D．buried 【答案】 1．D 2．C 3．A 4．C 5．D 6．B 7．A 8．C 9．B 10．C 11．D 12．B 13．A 14．A 15．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了开尔文勋爵——威廉·汤姆森的生平及其在科学领域的贡献，包括他在电磁学、热力学等方面的开创性工作，以及他在实际应用科学中的成就。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：1846年，他成为格拉斯哥大学的自然哲学教授，这个职位他担任了50多年。A. sought寻求；B. convinced说服；C. admired钦佩；D. held担任。根据前文“In 1846 he became professor of natural philosophy in Glasgow”和后文“for more than 50 years”可知，汤姆森担任教授职位长达50多年。故选D项。 2．考查动词短语辨析。句意：在格拉斯哥，汤姆森建立了英国第一个物理实验室。A. took up开始从事；B. broke up分手；C. set up建立；D. blew up爆炸。根据后文“the first physics laboratory in Britain”可知，此处指汤姆森是“建立”了英国首个物理实验室。故选C项。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他是许多不同领域的先驱，特别是电磁学和热力学。A. fields领域；B. countries国家；C. labs实验室；D. colleges学院。根据后文“particularly electromagnetism and thermodynamics”可知，电磁学和热力学属于科学的不同领域。故选A项。 4．考查介词短语辨析。句意：他与法拉第共同促成了电磁场概念的引入，在此过程中，汤姆森拓展了该领域先驱尼古拉・卡诺和詹姆斯・焦耳的研究成果。A. In spite of尽管；B. Except for除了；C. Together with与……一起；D. Regardless of不管。根据后文“he was responsible for the introduction of the concept of an electromagnetic field”可知，汤姆森和法拉第共同推动了电磁场概念的引入，强调合作。故选C项。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他与法拉第共同促成了电磁场概念的引入，在此过程中，汤姆森拓展了该领域先驱尼古拉・卡诺和詹姆斯・焦耳的研究成果。A. command命令；B. condition条件；C. contract合同；D. concept概念。根据后文“of an electromagnetic field”可知，电磁场是一个科学概念。故选D项。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他与法拉第共同促成了电磁场概念的引入，在此过程中，汤姆森拓展了该领域先驱尼古拉・卡诺和詹姆斯・焦耳的研究成果。A. learners学习者；B. pioneers先驱；C. competitors竞争者；D. enemies敌人。根据后文“Nicolas Carnot and James Joule”可知，这些都是电磁学领域的先驱人物。故选B项。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的研究工作最重要的成果之一是提出了绝对零度的概念 —— 基于此概念制定的温标以他的名字命名。A. important重要的；B. domestic国内的；C. fortunate幸运的；D. positive积极的。根据后文“his idea of an absolute zero of temperature”可知，绝对零度的提出是科学史上“重要的”成果。故选A项。 8．考查介词词义辨析。句意：他的研究工作最重要的成果之一是提出了绝对零度的概念 —— 基于此概念制定的温标以他的名字命名。A. for为了；B. with和；C. after以……命名；D. on在……上。根据“One of the most 　　7　　 results of his work was his idea of an absolute zero of temperature — the scale based on this is named 　　8　　 him.”可知，温度单位是以汤姆森的名字命名的，固定搭配“named after”，表示“以……命名”。故选C项。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他因在海底电报领域的研究工作而成名，这在当时是一个重大的实际问题。A. aspect方面；B. fame名声；C. contribution贡献；D. enthusiasm热情。根据后文“He was 　　10　　 as a scientific adviser in the laying of the Atlantic telegraph cables in 1857-1858 and 1865-1866,for which he was knighted in 1866.”可知，汤姆森因贡献被封爵，说明他获得了名声。故选B项。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：1857-1858年和1865-1866年铺设大西洋电报电缆时，他被聘为科学顾问。A. considered考虑；B. attracted吸引；C. employed雇佣、聘请；D. accused指控。根据后文“as a scientific adviser”可知，汤姆森被聘为科学顾问。故选C项。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他对海洋问题的兴趣还促使他研制出一种航海罗盘，并发明了潮汐机和深度测量设备。A. hobby爱好；B. desire欲望；C. success成功；D. interest兴趣。根据后文“also inspired him to develop a mariners’ compass and 　　12　　 a tide machine and depth-measuring equipment.”可知，汤姆森对海洋问题的“兴趣”促使他发明航海设备。故选D项。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他对海洋问题的兴趣还促使他研制出一种航海罗盘，并发明了潮汐机和深度测量设备。A. operate操作；B. invent发明；C. control控制；D. produce生产。根据前文“develop a mariners’ compass”和后文“a tide machine and depth-measuring equipment”可知，这些都是他发明的设备。故选B项。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他发明了许多电子仪器，他在格拉斯哥的房子是第一所用电力照明的房子。A. lit照亮；B. built建造；C. decorated装饰；D. equipped装备。根据后文“by electric light”可知，房子被电灯照亮。故选A项。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：1892年，汤姆森被授予拉尔格斯开尔文男爵的头衔。A. title头衔；B. name名字；C. honor荣誉；D. award奖励。根据后文“Baron Kelvin of Largs”可知，这是授予的贵族头衔。故选A项。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他于1907年12月17日在苏格兰艾尔郡去世，被安葬在威斯敏斯特教堂。A. preserved保存；B. respected尊重；C. admitted承认；D. buried埋葬。根据后文“in Westminster Abbey”可知，汤姆森去世后被“安葬”在威斯敏斯特教堂，故选D项。 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 5 Period 1 Reading and Thinking分层练习 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 一．汉译英 1． n.消耗；消耗量；消费→ v.消耗；吃；喝；烧毁→ n.消费者 2． vt.产生；引起→ n.产生；一代人 3． n.闲暇；休闲；空闲→ adj.从容不迫的；不慌不忙的adv.从容地；不慌不忙地 4． n.想象；视力；视野；影像→ adj.视力的；视觉的→ adv.视力地；视觉地→ adj.看得见的；可见的；明显的→ adv.易察觉地；明显地→ vt.使形象化；想象；构思；设想 5． n.现实；实际情况；事实→ adj.真实的；真正的 6． adj.含盐的；咸的→ n.盐 7． n.扩建部分；扩大；电话分机→ v.扩展；延长；使延伸 8． adj.与化学有关的；化学的n.化学制品；化学品→ adv.与化学有关地→ n.化学→ n.化学家；药剂师；药商 9． adj.营养（物）的→ adj.有营养的；营养丰富的→ n.营养；滋养 10． vt.减轻；缓解→ n.缓和；缓解 11． vt.& vi.消化vt.领会；领悟n.摘要；文摘→ n.消化；消化能力 12． adj.完全必要的；极其重要的n.必需品；要素；实质→ adv.本质上；根本上；基本上 13． n.向下（或向里）的距离；深（度）→ adj.深的；厚的 14． adv.全部地；完整地；完全地→ adj.整个的；完全的 汉译英 1． 喜欢；照顾；照料 2． 耕种土地 3． 一个……的问题 4． 远非；远离 5． 在内心深处；本质上；实际上 6． 成功做…… 7． 在国内外 8． 凭空想出；虚构出 9． 呈现；承担（责任）；决定做；雇佣 10． 金融危机 11． 过绿色的生活 12． 抱怨 13． 某人下定决心做…… 14． 提升意识 15． 相应地；转而；依次；轮流 二、单句语法填空 1．Now that we have finished the design, it is time to construct the bridge their turn. 2．I post my work on social media and, turn, have met some of the kindest people. 3．According to a report, the committee is comprised 12 members. 4．Deep down they assumed her (be) the best singer of their time. 5．Compared to other (alternative), it’s comfortable and relaxing. 6．It was so serious a matter that I had no alternative but (call) the police. 7． instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals. 8．This standard is easily (attain) by most students. 9．It is said a new school will be built here. 10． we can finish the task on time is a big question. 11．It is important (keep) a positive attitude in life. 12． I asked for leave last week was that I was ill. 13． the newly built road is to be open to traffic has not been made clear. 14． we discovered is that it’s unwise to judge what you eat only by its appearance. 15．These findings are exciting because it’s possible improving people’s cardiovascular (心血管的) fitness in middle age could delay or even prevent them from developing dementia(失智症). 16．Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even (optimistic). 17．Their siheyuan were far (small) in scale and simpler in design and decoration, and the hutongs were narrower. 18．For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly (accurate) than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals. 19． never occurred to him that the easier the questions were, the more careful he should be. 20．All these problems (overcome) through adjusting the traditional cotton cloth printing process. 三、（1）根据汉语意思翻译下列句子 1．原句：Inspired by ancient art, the modern artist created a series of unique sculptures.（受古代艺术启发，这位现代艺术家创作了一系列独特的雕塑。） 仿写：（面对文化流失的威胁，当地社区正携手保护传统。） 2．原句：Not only does traditional architecture reflect history, but it also serves as a symbol of cultural identity.（传统建筑不仅反映历史，还象征着文化认同。） 仿写：（我们不仅应该尊重文化多样性，还必须积极推动其保护。） 3．幸运的是，受到同学们的鼓励，我开始迈出第一步。 4．那时我面对着这份任务，不知所措。 5．据估计，讲座将持续三个小时。(estimate) 6．鼓励学生尝试各种各样的休闲活动来减少巨大的学习压力。 7．随着世界的快速变化，我们每天都有新的事情要处理。(with复合结构) 8．我有必要学会独立生活。(essential) 9．化学农药和人工肥料可以抵御作物病害、提高产量。 10．最让我激动的是，我被一所著名的大学录取了。(What excited sb most was that ...; be admitted to...) 11．袁隆平给人们印象最深的是他不断实现梦想的能力。(fulfil one's dream) 12．我相信它将提高效率和产量。 13．我相信他的农家乐度假村将会越来越受欢迎。 (convince) 14．他从不使用化肥，他的水果和蔬菜营养又美味。 (chemical; fertilizer; nutritious) 15．在这里游客除了参观小农场外，还可以品尝有机食品。 (organic) 16．在克服了各种困难之后，去年他的梦想变成了现实。 (overcome; reality) 17．两年前，王先生想建立一个农家乐度假村 (agritainment resort)，但是他的主要问题之一是缺少资金。 (shortage) 18．这是我第一次被邀请参加如此重要的会议。(invite) 19．在回来之前，我哥哥买了一些书。(buy) 20．他已经回来了，他在农村工作了两年。(work) 三、（24-25高二下·黑龙江黑河·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Golden Gate National Recreation Area (GGNRA) is one of the largest urban national parks in the world. 1 (establish) in 1972 to bring “parks to the people”, GGNRA’s nearly 76,000 acres of land and water stretch north of the Golden Gate Bridge 2 Tomales Bay in Marin County and south to San Mateo County. The park has nearly 60 miles of bay and ocean shoreline. These lands represent one of the nation’s largest coastal preserves and attract 16 million visitors each year, 3 (make) GGNRA one of the National Park Service’s most 4 (high) visited units. Over the last forty years, public interest in Alcatraz Island 5 (continue) to grow. Each year, more than 1.7 million visitors travel to Alcatraz Island. Today, Alcatraz is being preserved for the enjoyment and 6 (understand) of future generations. Former prison buildings are being conserved and upgraded, and 7 (addition) areas of the Island are opened to the public as safety risks are removed. Seabirds are returning in ever-greater 8 (number), and naturalists carefully follow the number of eggs laid during the 8-month long nesting season. Much of this work is carried out by dedicated Alcatraz “Volunteers In Parks” (VIPs) 9 lead guided walks, carry out bird census, help restore long-neglected gardens, 10 preserve historic structures around the Island. More work needs to be done, though, and the Park Service is always looking for additional volunteers and donors. 四、阅读理解 （24-25高二下·江苏连云港·期末）In 1945, scientist Maisie Carr stood a fence around 5 hectares of peatland on Victoria’s Bogong High Plains. That fence would form the first of Maisie’s Plots, two sites where things were watched. They are still used by scientists today and have recently been added to the Victorian Heritage Register. It’s one of Australia’s longest-running ecological experiments (生态实验), and it began with a true pioneer who had to learn to ride a horse to carry out her work. Born in 1912 in Footscray, Melbourne, Maisie showed her scientific ability as a student and was awarded scholarships to Melbourne High School and the University of Melbourne. In 1941 she was employed by the university to research soil erosion (土壤侵蚀) in Victoria’s High Country. She set up Maisie’s Plots — one at Rocky Valley and one at Pretty Valley — to see how cattle influenced the plant life on peatland and grassland. At each site, Maisie fenced off one area to keep cattle out, and marked another nearby area. The fenced and unfenced areas were regularly checked for types and amounts of plants, to assess the influence of cattle. This led to stricter controls on cattle eating in the area, and finally it was cancelled altogether. Dr Manifold, Maisie’s nephew, said Maisie’s many letters showed her ability to adapt to a new and challenging environment. “She made many cattlemen friends, but some cattlemen were concerned that the agreements that allow them to use the High Plains land were at risk because of her, so there were disagreements too, which she managed quite well, I think.” John Morgan, from La Trobe University, has been watching over Maisie’s Plots since 1989. He said Maisie’s experiment showed what would later happen when cattle were not allowed to eat the plants on the High Plains after the 2003 bush fires. The next generation of scientists have continued to watch over the sites’ recovery since the cattle were taken away. And they do it using the same method Maisie used back in the 1940s, to make sure the data is comparable. “No one thought 75 years ago we’d still be doing this,” Dr Morgan said. “Generations of students and researchers have been educated at Maisie’s Plots.” 1．Why did Maisie set up the fence? A．To raise animals. B．To do her research. C．To learn horse riding. D．To divide the locals’ fields. 2．What did Maisie do on the two sites of Maisie’s Plots? A．She planted several types of grass. B．She kept animals away from them. C．She tried to prevent water and soil loss. D．She examined the effects of cattle on them. 3．What did Dr Manifold say about Maisie? A．She met with some troubles. B．She suffered from homesickness. C．She couldn’t get on with the locals. D．She couldn’t adapt to new environments. 4．What does Dr Morgan think of Maisie’s Plots? A．They hold great cultural value. B．They should be protected and spread. C．They serve as models for scientists today. D．They contribute greatly to wildfire prevention. 五、七选五 （2025高二·全国·专题练习）Yuan Longping is considered the “father of hybrid (杂交) rice”. 5 , which helped China feed nearly one-fifth of the world’s population with only about 7 percent of the world’s land suitable for growing crops. Shortly after a serious nationwide famine (饥荒) in the 1960s, Yuan decided to devote himself to studying how to increase the production of rice, a main food for over 60 percent of Chinese people. 6 . Yuan succeeded in developing the world’s first high-yielding (高产的) hybrid rice in 1973, 7 , rising from the previous only 300kg per mu. For the next four decades, he continued to work on research and development of hybrid rice, achieving increasingly higher output. 8 , the highest honor in the country, for his outstanding contribution to China’s food security (保障), agricultural scientific development and world food supply. In 2020, hybrid rice developed by Yuan’s team achieved 1,500 kilograms per mu in two growing seasons, a new world record. In June 2020, his team started to grow seawater rice on a farm at an altitude of 2,800 meters in northwest China’s Qinghai Province. Yuan once said he had two dreams. 9 . The other is that hybrid rice could be grown all over the world to help solve food shortages. A．Yuan said growing seawater rice is vital to China’s food security B．One is to enjoy the cool under the rice crops taller than men C．On September 29, 2019, Yuan was awarded the “Medal of the Republic” D．which could reach more than 500 kg per mu E．Yuan never held himself back from making new breakthroughs F．He then began a special lifelong connection with rice G．He devoted his life to the research and development of hybrid rice 六、完形填空 （24-25高二上·广东清远·期中）William Thomson was born on 26 June, 1824 in Belfast. He was taught by his father, a professor of mathematics. In 1832, the family moved to Glasgow where Thomson attended university at the age of 10, then studied at Cambridge and Paris Universities. In 1846 he became professor of natural philosophy in Glasgow, a post he 1 for more than 50 years. In Glasgow, Thomson 2 the first physics laboratory in Britain. He was a pioneer in many different 3 , particularly electromagnetism (电磁学) and thermodynamics (热力学). 4 Faraday (法拉第), he was responsible for the introduction of the 5 of an electromagnetic field where Thomson developed the work of the 6 of the subject, Nicolas Carnot and James Joule. One of the most 7 results of his work was his idea of an absolute zero of temperature — the scale based on this is named 8 him. Throughout his work Thomson’s main goal was the practical use of science. He achieved 9 through his work on submarine telegraphy, a major practical problem of the day. He was 10 as a scientific adviser in the laying of the Atlantic telegraph cables in 1857 — 1858 and 1865 — 1866,for which he was knighted in 1866. His 11 in marine issues also inspired him to develop a mariners’ compass and 12 a tide machine and depth-measuring equipment. He invented many electrical instruments and his house in Glasgow was the first to be 13 by electric light. Thomson was raised to the noblemen with the 14 of Baron Kelvin of Largs in 1892. The Kelvin was a small river that flowed near Glasgow University and he was president of the royal Society from 1890 to 1895. He died on 17 December, 1907, in Ayrshire, Scotland and was 15 in Westminster Abbey. 1．A．sought B．convinced C．admired D．held 2．A．took up B．broke up C．set up D．blew up 3．A．fields B．countries C．labs D．colleges 4．A．In spite of B．Except for C．Together with D．Regardless of 5．A．command B．condition C．contract D．concept 6．A．learners B．pioneers C．competitors D．enemies 7．A．important B．domestic C．fortunate D．positive 8．A．for B．with C．after D．on 9．A．aspect B．fame C．contribution D．enthusiasm 10．A．considered B．attracted C．employed D．accused 11．A．hobby B．desire C．success D．interest 12．A．operate B．invent C．control D．produce 13．A．lit B．built C．decorated D．equipped 14．A．title B．name C．honor D．award 15．A．preserved B．respected C．admitted D．buried 1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$