2025-2026学年人教版（2024）英语八年级上册各单元语法

新人教版八年级上册Unit 1-8各单元语法精讲精练 Unit 1复合不定代词和一般过去时等 【语法聚焦一】复合不定代词 一、概念：是由some-, any-, every-, no-加上-one, -body, -thing等所组成的不定代词。 -one -body -thing some- someone somebody something any- anyone anybody anything every- everyone everybody everything no- no one nobody nothing 这些复合不定代词具有名词性质, 在句中可作主语、宾语或表语, 但不能作定语。 二、用法： 1、指代对象不同; (1)含-one和-body的复合不定代词只用来指人, 在意义上完全相同, 可以互换。 Someone/Somebody is crying. 有人在哭。 (2)含-thing的复合不定代词只用来指事物。 Are you going to buy anything? 你要去买东西吗? 2、复合不定代词的数, 复合不定代词都具有单数的含义, 当它们充当句子的主语时。其后的谓语动词用单数形式。 Is everyone here today? 今天大家都到了吗? 3、复合不定代词的定语必须后置, 即放在复合不定代词的后面。 Can you tell something interesting? 你能讲些有趣的事情吗? 4、辨析：含some-和any-的复合不定代词的用法区别; (1) something, someone, somebody通常用于肯定句中。 He found something strange but interesting. 他发现了奇怪但有趣的事情。 (2) anything, anyone, anybody一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件状语从句中。 Do you have anything to say? 你有话要说吗? (3) 在表示请求、邀请、提建议等带有委婉语气的疑问句和希望得到对方肯定答复的疑问句以及表示反问的问句中, 也可用 something, someone, somebody等复合不定代词。 Would you like something to eat? 你要吃些东西吗? (4) 当 anything表示“任何事(物), 无论任何事(物)”, anyone, anybody表示“无论谁, 任何人”等意义时, 它们也可以用于肯定句中。 Anything is OK. 什么都行。 拓展：辨析：somewhere,anywhere,everywhere,nowhere somewhere意为某处、在某处, 强调在一个地方。用于肯定句。 anywhere意为在什么地方、任何地方, 用于否定句、疑问句、条件从句中。在肯定句中表示“随便什么地方”。 everywhere意为到处, 处处, 强调多个地方, 用于肯定句。 nowhere意为不在任何地方;任何地方都不, 和 anywhere是反义词, 意思相反。 I looked for my pet dog everywhere, but I couldn’t find it anywhere.I think it must be somewhere in the village. 我到处找我的狗, 但是哪里都没找到, 我认为它肯定在这个村子的某个地方。 【实战演练】 一、选词填空 something anything nothing everything anyone everyone someone no one 1. —Is everyone  here today? —Yes, we're all here. 2. —Is there anything  in the black box? —No, there is nothing  in it. 3. There is something  wrong with my bike. It doesn't work. 4. In spring, everything  begins to grow. 5. The math exam is very difficult. I don't think anyone  can pass it. 6. I can't find my pen. I think someone  took it. 7. Does anyone  live on that hill? 8. There's something  important in today's newspaper. 9. —Is there anyone in the classroom? —No, no one  is in it. 10. I want something to eat, and anything  is OK. 二、根据句意，从括号中选择合适的词填空。 1. There are some （some / any）new books in the school library. 2. We bought a box of cherry. Take some (some / any) with you when you leave. 3. He can't give you any (some / any) help at present. 4. There is something (something / anything) in the flower. I think it is a bee. 5. Our trip to Taiwan was perfect. Everything (nothing / everything) went on well. 6. I am thirsty. I would like to have something (anything / something) to drink, please. 7. Can everybody (everybody / anybody) hear me? A snake here! 8. He can do anything (nothing / anything) for you. He loves you deeply. 9. My phone was on the desk just now, but I can't find it now. Did somebody (nobody /somebody ) take it away? 10. Last week I did nothing (something / nothing). I just stayed at home and slept all day long. 【语法聚焦二】一般过去时 概念: 表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为;过去主语具备的能力和性格。 基本句型结构: 1、肯定句: 主语+was/ were/动词过去式+其他。 We were pupils two years ago. 两年前我们是小学生。 They watched a movie yesterday. 他们昨天看了一部电影。 2、否定句: 主语was/were+not其他; 主语+didn’t+动词原形+其他。 They weren't here just now. 刚才他们没有在这儿。 Jim didn't go to school last Friday. 上星期五吉姆没有去上学。 3、一般疑问句: Was/ Were+主语十其他? Did+主语+动词原形+其他? Were you at home this morning? 今天上午你在家吗? Did your brother play computer games last Sunday? 你哥哥上周日玩电脑游戏了吗? 用法: 1、表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态, 常与表示过去的时间状语连用。 My uncle flew to London last week. 我叔叔上周坐飞机去了伦敦。 He was here just now. 他刚才还在这里。 2、用来叙述没有具体过去时间的动作或存在的状态。 I used to go to school on foot. 我过去常常步行去上学。 We often played together when we were children. 当我们是小孩的时候, 我们常常在一起玩。 3、通过上下文语境可判断出动作是发生在过去的, 也使用一般过去时。 —Where did you go? —你去哪里了? —I went to school. —我去学校了。 【实战演练】 一、用括号内的词的适当形式填空 1. The children _____spent____(spend) a wonderful time together this afternoon. 2. Rita ____learnt______ (learn) a lot in the Chinese class today. 3. Tracy _____wore_____ (wear) her mother’s clothes to the party last Sunday. 4. Gary ______took____ (take) a shower last night. 5. Mr. Smith ______came____ (come) to our school for a visit three days ago. 6. Betty _____became_____ (become) a teacher last year. 7. David _____put_____ (put) on his father’s sweater. It’s too big for him. 8. Frank _____read_____ (read) comic books all day yesterday. 9. I______bought____ (buy) a new dictionary the day before yesterday. 10. — What day_____was____ (be) it yesterday? — It______was____ (be) Friday. 二、完成句子 1. Lucy did her homework at home.(改否定句) Lucy_____didn't______ ______do_____her homework at home. 2. He found some meat in the kitchen.(变一般疑问句并回答) —_____Did____ he ____find____ _____any____ meat in the kitchen? —Yes, ____he____ ____did____./ No, ____he____ ____didn’t____. 3. There was some orange in the cup.(变一般疑问句并回答) —_____Was______there______any_____orange in the cup? —Yes, _____there____ ____was_____./ No, _____there____ _____wasn’t____. 4. Frank read an interesting book about history yesterday. (一般疑问句) _____Did______Frank______read_____an interesting book about history yesterday? 5. They were late for school yesterday. (一般疑问句并回答) —______Were_____they late for school yesterday? —Yes, _____they____ _____were____./ No, ____they_____ _____weren’t____. 三、单项选择 ( B )1.— What did Mr. Smith do before he came to China? —He in a car factory. A. works B. worked C. is working D. will work ( B )2.The singer in London in 2010. A. lives B. lived C. is living D. will live ( B )3.—Who to clean the classroom yesterday? —Li Ming. A. helps B. helped C. is helping D. will help ( A )4. Why you this morning, Ann? A. didn’t; come B. don’t; come C. haven’t; come D. hadn’t; come ( C )5. —How was your weekend? —Great! We a good time in the park. A. have B. are having C.had D. will have ( A )6.—What you last night? —I studied for a test. A. did; do B. was; doing C. were; did D. did; did ( C )7.The foreign children the Forbidden City last Sunday. A. visit B. visits C. visited D. visiting ( C )8.—What did your sister do last weekend? —She a film with her friends. A. see B. sees C. saw D. has seen ( D )9.—When you the umbrella? —Last month. A. do; bought B. did; bought C. do; buy D. did; buy ( B )10. The teacher his students not to play computer games on school nights. A. said B. told C. had D. kept ( D )11. — When did he teach in your school? —He here in 1986. A.teach B. is teaching C. teaches D. taught ( A )12. —When your brother back? —About half an hour ago. A. did; come B. had; come C. do; come D.have; come 拓展：单元易错易混重点 1.不定代词few/a few/little/a little 修饰可数名词 修饰不可数名词 肯定(有) a few 有一些 a little有一些 否定(没有) few 没有, 几乎没有 little 没有, 几乎没有 【实战演练】 1.He has ____few_____friends here, and he feels lonely. 2.There are many eggs in the basket, you can take_____a few_____if you want. 3.There is____little______ ink in my bottle, can you give me _____a little_____ink? 4.There are some apples on the tree, but _____few_____ people see them. 5.There is ______little____ milk in the fridge, let’s go and buy some. 6.-You look sad. Kate.-Yeah，I have made____a few____ mistakes in my report. 7.We need some more coffee. There is only ____a little____left. 8.Several years ago____few____ people knew Zhang Jie, but now he is famous in China. 9.The question is very hard,____a few____ students can answer it. 2.不定代词other/others/ the other/another/the others ①another 泛指三者或三者以上当中的“另一个”。 ②other 泛指“别的，其他的”，后面常加名词。 ③others 泛指“别人，其他人”。He is ready to help others. ＝He is ready to help other people. (others ＝ other ＋ 名词) others 还常用在 some…others“一些……另一些”结构中。 ④the other 特指“剩下的，其余的”。 ⑤the others ＝ the other ＋ 名词：指“剩下的人(或物)，其余的(或物)” 常用词组：one…the other (两者中) 一个……另一个 some…others 一些……另一些 another two dogs ＝ two more dogs each other=one another 互相 【实战演练】 1.The dress is too small. Please show me ____another____one. 2.He has two cars. One is black，____the other____ is white. 3.There are 50 students in my class. 25 are boys，____the others____ are girls. 4.There are many students on the playground. Some are playing basketball，_____others___are playing football. 5.We always help each____other____with schoolwork. 6.She has two sons, one is a teacher, ____the other____is an engineer. 7.This is one of the photos of my sisters, now I'll show you____other____photos. 8.Some went to the Great Wall, ____others____visited the Miyun. 9.Would you like to have____another____ cup of tea? 10.There are four dictionaries on the bookshelf, two are French, _____the others___are English. both 表示“两者都” both..and.. 两者都.. Both of us are from America. (作主语时，谓语动词用复数) either 表示“两者中任意一个” either..or.. 要么..要么.. Either the students or the teacher is kind. (遵循就近原则) Either of us is a students. (作主语时，谓语动词用单数) neither 表示“两者都不” neither..nor.. 既不..也不.. Neither Jack nor his friends are at home. (遵循就近原则) Neither of them wants to go to Beijing. (作主语时，谓语动词用单数) all 表示“所有的都”“全部” All of my friends like singing. (作主语时，谓语动词用复数) 3. 不定代词either/neither/all/both 【实战演练】 一、请用either/neither/all/both/none填空 1. I have two sisters._____Both____of them are teachers. 2. I have tried several jackets, but_____none____of them fits me well. 3._____Neither____of the twins wants to go to the park, so they have to stay at home. 4. Henry was happy because ____all_____ of his three sons came back home on Father's Day. 5. In 2022, Beijing hosted the Winter Olympics. ___Both___my brother and I wanted to watch it. 6.____Neither_____of my parents goes to work by car. They take the subway instead. 7.Dumplings are very delicious. ____Both_____of my parents like them. 8.- Can I come this evening or tomorrow morning? -_____Either____is OK. 9. The exam is too difficult.____None_____of us can get a high score. 4. 不定代词each与every 意义 使用范围 与of搭配 例句 each 每个（强调个体） 两者或两者以上 可 Each teacher has his shining points.(each+单数名词+单数谓语) Each of my classmates is from China.(each of+复数名词+单数谓语) every 每个（强调整体） 三者或三者以上 不可 Every pupil has school uniform.(every+单数名词+单数谓语 ) 【实战演练】 1.There are many trees on each side of the road. 2.There are many birds in the forest. Every bird has its own nest. 3. Each of the rooms is clean. 【不定代词综合练习】 一、单项选择 ( C )1. is waiting for you at the gate. She's got a letter for you. A. Nobody B. Anybody C. Somebody D. Everybody ( B )2.—Do you care about your parents? —Yes, of course. in my life is more important than them. A.Something B. Nothing C. Anything D. Everything ( B )3. My computer doesn't work now, there must be with it. A. wrong something B. something wrong C. wrong anything D. anything wrong ( C )4.—Would you like ? —Yes, I’d like some coffee. A. anything to eat B. something to eat C. something to drink D. anything to drink ( A )5.—Are you going out now, Lucy? —No, I'm hungry. I'll get to eat before I go out. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything ( C )6.I looked for my keys , but I couldn’t find them . A.anywhere; somewhere B. everywhere; somewhere C. everywhere;anywhere D. somewhere; anywhere ( B )7.—Would you like milk in your coffee? —Yes, just . A. any;a few B. some;a little C. any;a little D. some,;a few ( B )8.—I’d like grapes and pears. —Oh, I need orange juice. A. some;a few B. a few;a little C. a little;a few D. a little;few ( D )9.Though the exam was difficult, _________students passed it. A. little B. a little C. few D. a few ( B )10. went hiking last weekend because of the bad weather. A. Someone B. No one C. Everyone D. Nothing ( D )11.Old Tom is unhappy because has visited him since he moved to town. A. everybody B. somebody C. anybody D. nobody ( A )12.—Is there in the black box? —No, there is in it. A. anything; nothing B. everything; something C. everything; anything D. anything; something ( C )13.I'd like to go on vacation. A. somewhere relaxed B. anywhere relaxed C. somewhere relaxing D. relaxing anywhere ( B )14.—Would you like ? —Yes, I'd like some cakes. A. anything to eat B. something to eat C. something to drink D. anything to drink ( A )15. Do you have to tell us? A. something important B. important something C. anything important D. important anything ( B )16.I need bananas to make fruit salad. Could you please buy some? A. few B. a few C. little D. a little ( C )17.There is________ ink in my bottle, can you give me ________ink? A. few; a few B. a few; few C. little; a little D. a little; little ( B )18.—Is your friend Michael still in Australia? —I don't know. I have________information about him because we haven't seen each other for________years. A. a little; a few B. little; a few C. a few; a little D. few; a little (　D ) 19.—Did the speaker tell us several practical ways to develop our social skills during his speech? —________ at all. He said ________ about it. A．No; nothing B．Not; none C．Nothing; none D．None; nothing (　B ) 20.The man has two sons and ________ of them are strong.One is tall and ________ is short. A．all; another B．both; the other C．both; another D．each; the other (　A ) 21.—There used to be lots of fish in the lake. —Yes, but there are very ________ now. A．few B．fewer C．little D．less (　A ) 22.—Oh, the weather is so bad.It's raining again. —Let's change to ________ day to go for a picnic. A．another B．others C．the other D．other (　D ) 23.—Who helps you with your homework, your father or your mother? —________．They are too busy.I do it all by myself. A．None B．Either C．Both D．Neither (　B ) 24.—Have you bought ________ for your mother's birthday? —I haven't decided. A．something unusual B．anything unusual C．unusual something D．unusual anything (　C ) 25.There's ________ cooking oil left in my home.Would you go to the supermarket to get ________？ A．few; some B．few; any C．little; some D．little; any (　B ) 26.—How long will you stay here? —I think I will be here for ________ more days. A．few B．a few C．little D．a little (　A ) 27.I invited Tom and Jane to dinner, but ________ of them came. A．neither B．either C．both D．none (　B ) 28.—Is ________ here? —No, Xiao Wang is in the library. A．anybody B．everybody C．somebody D．nobody (　B ) 29.Is there ________ wrong with your TV? A．something B．anything C．nothing D．everything (　C ) 30.Both of these are interesting books. You can borrow ________ of them. A．some B．any C．either D．no (　B ) 31.There are two windows in the room. They ________ face east. A．all B．both C．every D．either (　D ) 32.Here are two dictionaries. You may use ________ of them. A．all B．every C．each D．either (　A ) 33.The teacher put ________ the books he could find on the desk. A．all B．any C．much D．some (　D ) 34.Chen Bin has read lots of stories by Chinese writers, now he would like to read stories by ________ writers from ________ countries. A．some; any B．other; other C．other; some D．some; other (　A ) 35.I don't think this is a good idea. Have you any ________ suggestion? A．another B．the other C．others D．other (　D ) 36. ________ of us is sure to get good grades in the exam. A．Both B．Every C．Everyone D．Each (　A ) 37. ________ of the three bus lines will take you to the station. A．All B．Either C．Neither D．Both (　D ) 38.Try to make as ________ mistakes as possible in your homework. A．less B．little C．fewer D．few (　A ) 39.I have ________ money with me. Let me pay for you. A．a little B．little C．a few D．few (　C ) 40.Not all students go home on holiday, ________ still stay in the school. A．a little B．none C．a few D．few (　C ) 41.I haven't ________ money with me, but if you want I can give you ________． A．much; many B．many; little C．much; some D．any; much (　B ) 42.I don't think ________ of the answers is correct. A．neither B．either C．both D．all (　D ) 43.Only Li Ming and Wang Ping stayed at school for the wall newspaper. Where are ________？ A．all B．the other C．others D．the others (　D ) 44. ________ of us is working hard to make our country richer and stronger. A．Both B．Every C．Everyone D．Every one (　B ) 45.We need ________ color chalk. Have you got ________？ A．some; some B．some; any C．any; any D．any; some (　B ) 46.If you don't want ________ of those two trains, there is ________ one at 10：30. A．any; another B．either; another C．both; the other D．either; the other (　A ) 47.—Has ________ lost this watch? —Yes, but we can't find out who. A．anybody B．someone C．one D．some (　D ) 48. ________ of them are famous doctors, but ________ of them has been to Britain. A． Both; both B．Neither; neither C．Either; either D．Both; neither U2 情态动词could/can 【【语法聚焦一】情态动词 could 的用法 情态动词 could 构成的问句用于委婉地向对方提出请求或征求对方的许可，语气比 can 委婉，但不表示过去，答语没有固定形式，符合语境即可。 1. 委婉地请求他人 可用“Could you do...？""Could you please do.？”提问，被提问方若同意请求可以说 "Certainly. /Of course. /With pleasure./No problem./Yes./Sure. ”；若不同意请求可以说“Sorry,I can't.”。 2. 委婉地请求别人允许自己做某事 3. 可用“Could I do.？”提问，被提问方若同意，可以说"Yes, you can./Certainly. /Sure. ”；若不同 意可以说"No, you can't. / Sorry, I'm afraid you can't. "。注意回答中用can，而不是 could。 【实战演练】 一、用适当形式填空 1.—____Could____ (can) you please buy some snacks for me, mom? —No, I can't. I'm busy cooking. 2.—Could you please____lend____ (lend) me your dictionary? —Yes, here it is. 3.—Could I listen to music? —Yes, you____can____ (could). 4.He_____could___ (can) play the piano when he was very young. 5.The French book_____can___ (can) be Mary's. She is studying French. 二、单项选择 ( C )1. —Could I use the phone, Miss Li? — ___________. A. Yes, you could B. I’m sorry I can’t C. Yes, sure D. No, please ( A )2. — Could you please do the dishes? —___________. I’m going to do my homework. A. Sorry, I can’t B. No, I couldn’t 　 C. Yes, you can 　 D. Never ( B )3. —Jeff, could you tell me how to order a taxi through “Didi"? —___________. A. You're welcome B. Sure C. Take it easy D. It doesn't matter ( A )4. —Could I borrow your bike please? —___________. A. Of course you can B. It doesn't matter C. Yes, I'd love to D. No, thank you ( A )5.—Could I use your pencil for a moment, please? —___________. A. Sure B. Really C. Right D. It doesn't matter ( B )6. —Could I look at your picture? —Yes, of course you___________. 　 A. could B. can C. will D. Must ( A )7.— Could you please pass me the salt? — ___________. A. Sure. Here you are. B. Good idea. C. Thank you. D. I’m sorry to hear that. ( A )8. I'm busy.___________you please help me make the bed? A. Could B. May C. Must D. Should ( B )9.___________you pass me a pen? I'd like to write down the telephone number. A. Need B. Could C. Must D. Should ( C )10. — Could I use your bike for today, Sam? — ___________. I'm not using it. A. No, you can't B. I have no idea C. Sure, go ahead D. Never mind 【语法聚焦二】情态动词can表示请求 情态动词 can 在英文中常用于表达能力，也可以用于表示请求或询问许可。在表示请求时，通常用于询问对方是否有能力或权限去做某事，或者表达自己对对方做某事的期望。它带有一种礼貌和询问的意味，而不是直接命令或要求。 1.请求许可 请求：Can l use your pen, please？请问我能用你的钢笔吗？ 肯定回答：Yes,you can.是的，你可以。 否定回答：Sorry,you can't. I'm using it now.对不起，你不可以。我现在正在用它。 2. 请求对方做某事 请求：Can you pass me the salt, please？请你把盐递给我好吗？ 肯定回答：Of course, I can. Here you are.当然，我可以。给你。 否定回答：I'm sorry. I can't right now. Im busy.对不起。我现在不能。我很忙。 【语法聚焦三】情态动词can与could的区别 1. 基本区别：时间与礼貌程度 （1）Can：表示现在的能力或可能性，语气较直接。 例句: I can speak English. 我能说英语。（表示当前具备的能力） （2）Could：表示过去的能力或更礼貌/委婉的请求/可能性。 例句（过去）：WhenI was young, could run fast.我年轻时跑得很快。 例句（礼貌请求）：Could you pass me the salt？您能把盐递给我吗？ 2.可能性推测 （1）Can：表示理论上的可能性（一般性规律）。 例句: Smoking can cause cancer. 吸烟可能导致癌症。（泛指普遍可能性） （2）Could：表示具体情境下的可能性（较不确定）。 例句：It could rain tomorrow.明天可能会下雨。（推测某件事可能发生，但不确定） 3.请求帮助或许可 （1）Can：用于非正式场合的直接请求 例句：Canl borrow your pen？我能借你的笔吗？ （朋友间常用，语气随意） （2）Could：用于正式或礼貌的请求，更委婉。 例句: Could you help me with thisreport？您能帮我看看这份报告吗？ （对陌生人或上级时更合适） 区别： 场景 Can Could 能力 现在的能力 (I can swim.) 过去的能力 (I could swim at 5.) 请求 非正式（Can you open the door?) 礼貌/正式 (Could you open the door？） 可能性 普遍可能 (Bears can be dangerous.) 具体可能 (He could be late.) 【实战演练】 一、用can 或could 的相关形式填空。 1. He_____can_____swim and I _____can_____sing. 2. She_____can_____read and draw, but she_____couldn't_____write five years ago. 3. Liu Tao_____could_____play basketball when he was a child. 4.I_____couldn't_____use the mobile phone until I was five years old. 5. -What could you do three years ago? -We______could____ride a bike to school. 6.I_____couldn't_____go to the party last night because I was sick. 7. -_____Can_____Noel cook Italian food? -Yes, he____can______. 8. My sister_____couldn’t_____swim last year, but now she_____can_____. 9. They_____couldn't_____go shopping yesterday because the store was closed. 10.-______Could____you read when you were four years old? B: Yes, I_____can_____. 11. Ellie_____can_____ride a bicycle. She rides it to school every day. 12. I'm very tired, so I_____can't_____go out to the park to play. 13. -_____Could_____you see the moon last night? B: No, I_____can't_____. 14. When _____can_____I talk to you about the company report? 15. Most dinosaurs walked on land, but some_____could_____fly or even swim. 16. Excuse me, I______can't____hear you right now. The music is too loud. 17.I______could____drive a truck when I was only sixteen years old. 18. Douglas hit the tree because he______couldn't____stop his car. 19. How many hot dogs_____can_____you eat at one time? 20. I_____can't_____read without my reading glasses. Where are they? 二、单项选择 ( A )1.She screamed a lot but nobody__________heard her voice. A. could B. can C.couldn't D.can't ( B )2.You are 17 years old, but you__________enter the club at this age. A. can B.can't C. couldn't D.could ( B )3.My mother __________play the guitar very well when she was young. A. can B.could C. can't D.couldn't ( B )4.She__________ understand five language and __________speak three language A. can/can't B. can/can C. could/can D. could/could ( C )5.I__________ play tennis now. I have got a terrible headache. A. could B. can C. can't D. couldn't 拓展： 向别人发出邀请、请求, 建议或征求别人的意见, 还有几种表达方式, 语气比较委婉, 显得客气而有礼貌。 句型结构和含义 例句 Let's + do sth. 咱们做某事吧 Let’s go shopping. 咱们去购物吧 Shall we+ do sth? 我们做某事好吗? Shall we go out for a walk? 我们出去散步好吗? Would you mind(not)+ doing sth? 你介意(不)做某事吗? Would you mind closing the door? 你介意关上门吗? How/ What about doing sth? 做某事怎么样? How about playing basketball? 打篮球怎么样? You’d better(not) do sth 你最好不要做某事 You'd better not read such books. 你最好不要看这样的书 Why don’t you do sth?/Why not do sth? (你)为什么不做某事呢? Why don't you ask your teacher?=Why not ask your teacher? 为什么不问你的老师呢? Would you like (not)to do sth? 你愿意(不)做某事吗? Would you like to have a rest? 你想休息一会儿吗? Would/Could you please ( not) do sth? 请你(不要)做某事好吗? Would you please wait for me? 请你等等我好吗? 【实战演练】 ( B )1. What about__________a barbecue this Sunday? A. have B. having C. has D. had ( A )2.Let's__________good friends. A. to be B. are C. be D. being ( A )3.It's going to rain. Let's__________quickly. A. walk B. walking C. walked D. walks ( A )4. Would you like__________some peas? A. to eat B. eating C. eat D. eats ( D )5.-__________go to have a picnic? A. What about B. How about C. Would you like D. Why not ( B )6. Shall we__________some fruit? A. buying B. buy C. to buy D. bought ( C )7.Tomorrow is Tuesday. Why__________you go to school? A. does B.not C.don' t D. doesn' t ( C )8. Why not__________to your parents? A. to talk B.talking C.talk D.talked ( C )9. —Why__________it again? —OK, I will. A.don't trying B.not to try C.don't you try D.not trying ( D )10.__________give him a watch? A. What about B.Let's C. Why don't D.Why don't you ( C )11. -Would you mind __________the washing? -I'm busy with my homework. A. do B. does C.doing D.to do ( B )12. -It's too hot. Would you mind__________the door? -__________.Please do it now. A. to open; OK B. opening; Certainly not. C. opening; Of course. D. to open; Good ideas. Unit 3形容词、副词比较级 【语法聚焦一】形容词、副词比较级 一、概念： 大多数形容词或副词有三个等级：原级、比较级和最高级。其中比较级表示“更…”, 用于两者(人或事物)之间的比较, 说明“前者比后者更...”。大多数形容词和副词有比较级的变化, 用来表示事物的等级差别，比较级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。 二、构成： 规则变化 单音 节词 或部 分双 音节 词 一般情况在词尾加-er/-est tall—taller/tallest short—shorter/shortest 以字母e结尾的词，直接加-r/-st late—later/latest fine—finer/finest 以重读闭音节结尾+辅音字母的词 双写后一个辅音字母，再加-er/-est big—bigger/biggest fat—fatter/fattest thin—thinner/thinnest wet—wetter/wettest hot—hotter/hottest 以辅音字母+y结尾的，改y为i， 再加-er/est easy—easier/easiest happy—happier/happiest friendly—friendlier/friendliest 多音节词和部分双音节词，在词前加more/most interesting—more interesting/most interesting beautiful—more beautiful/most beautiful popular—more popular/most popular 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best bad/badly/ill worse worst many/much more most little less least far farther/further farthest/furthest 不规则变化 三、比较级基本用法; 1、 在比较时。比较的双方必须是同一类的事物。 My bike is newer than Tom's. 我的自行车比汤姆的新。 2、“... than+ any other+可数名词的单数+范围”结构表示:...比其他任何一个都... Li Ming is much cleverer than any other student in their class. 李明是他们班中最聪明的学生。 3、“the+比较级…, the+比较级...”, 意为“越...就越...”。 The more difficult the questions are, the less likely he is able to answer them.问题越难, 他回答出来的可能性就越小。 4、“the+比较级+ of the two”表示“两者中较……的” Tom is the taller of the two brothers. 汤姆是兄弟俩中个子较高的那个。 5、“单音节过部分双音节词：比较级and比较级和多音节词：more and more+原级”, 两个结构意为“越来越...” I am becoming fatter and fatter. 我变得越来越胖。 The movie became more and more popular. 这部电影越来越受欢迎。 6、as原级as...意为“与...一样...”, 其否定结构not as/so...as...意为“不如...那样...” Tom gets up as early as Jim.汤姆起得和吉姆一样早。 Lucy isn't as outgoing as Mary.= Lucy isn’t so outgoing as Mary. 露西不如玛丽外向。 7.a/an+形容词比较级 The pen is expensive.I want a cheaper one. 这支笔很贵。我想要一支更便宜的。 使用比较级的几个注意： 1、 比较级前面可以用much, a little, a lot, even, a bit等修饰语用以加强语气或表示程度 I am much taller than you. 我比你高很多。 2、 为了避免比较内容重复出现，用that代替天气和人口。 The weather of Harbin is colder than that of Beijing. 哈尔滨的天气比北京冷。 【语法聚焦二】初中阶段 as..as常见的几点用法 一、“as（否定句中可用 so）+adj/ adv +as.”，用于不同人或物之间的比较，意为“…和…一样”。 如：You are as tall as your father.你与你的父亲一样高。 I can't run as fast as I used to. 我不如以前跑得快了。 【注】在非正式文体中，第二个as 后可以用人称代词宾格形式来代替“主格+动词”，如： She doesn't sing as well as me. =She doesn't sing as well as I do. 她唱歌没我唱得好。 二、as...as 用于倍数表达，倍数置于第一个 as之前，即，倍数+as...as ＋其他。如： This house is twice as big as that one. 这幢房子是那幢的两倍大。 It took three times as long as I expected to finish thework.完成这项工作花的时间是我预计的三倍。 三、当as..as 中间有名词时，用以下结构： （1） as +形容词 +a+单数名词+as如： She has as good a voice as you. 她和你的嗓音一样好。 （2） as +many / much + 名词 +as如： We want to invite as many people as possible in the celebrations. 我们想邀请尽可能多的人参加庆典。 Take as much time as you like.你想花多少时间就花多少时间。 四、as much / deep / tall /heavy.+as +数量（表度量衡、时间），用以强调而非比较，意为“多达⋯，深达..，高 达“，重达…”等。如： Some of these fish can weigh as much as 80kg.一些鱼重达80公斤。 There were as many as 200people at the lecture. 听讲的有200人之多。 五、as..as 不表示比较的几个常见句型。 1.as quickly /much /soon /... as possible 尽可能⋯ Tell him as little as possible. 尽量少告诉他。 2. as soon as 引导时间状语从句，意为“一…就⋯”。 We'll call you as soon as we arrive at Shenzhen Airport. 一到深圳机场，我们就打电话给你。 3.as long as 引导条件状语从句，意为“只要”。 We'll go as long as the weather is good. 只要天气好我们就去。 【注】区别“和……一样久”。 I haven't known him as long as you （have known him）. 我认识他的时间没有你长。 4. as well as 引出并列成分，意为“除……之外；也；还”。 He agrees with you as well as me.不但我同意你，他也同意你。 【注】区别“和……一样好”。 She doesn 't play as well as her sister.她演奏得不如她姐姐好。 【实战演练】 一、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级和最高级 1. tall— taller/ tallest 2. short— shorter/ shortest 3. late— later/ latest 4. fine— finer/ finest 5. big— bigger/ biggest 6. fat— fatter/ fattest 7. wet— wetter/ wettest 8. hot— hotter/ hottest 9. easy— easier/easiest 10. happy— happier/ happiest 11. friendly— friendlier/ friendliest 12. interesting—more interesting/ most interesting 13. beautiful—more beautiful/ most beautiful 14. popular—more popular/ most popular 15. few— fewer/ fewest 16. old— older/ oldest 二、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级和最高级 1. 2. good/well— better/ best 3. bad/badly/ill—worse/ worst 4. many/much—more/ most 5. little— less/ least 6. far— farther/ farthest further/ furthest 三、根据句意, 用所括号内所级形容词的比较等级形式填空。 1. Your classroom is _______wider______ (wide) and _______brighter_______ (bright) than ours. 2. Lucy is not as ________old______ (old) as Lily. 3. Almost all the students' faces are the same but Tim looks ______thinner________ (thin) than before. 4. Which is ______heavier________ (heavy), a hen or a chicken? 5. The ________more______ (much), the ________better_______ (good). 6. He is _______good_______ (good) at learning maths, but he is much ________better______ (good) at Chinese. 7. A dictionary is much ________more expensive________ (expensive) than a story-book. 8. An orange is a little _____bigger___ (big) than an apple, but much _____smaller_____ (small) than a watermelon. 9. Sue is a little _______more beautiful_________ (beautiful) than her sister. 10. My room is not as ______big_____ (big) as my brother' s. 11. I think it' s too expensive. I' d like a _______cheaper______ (cheap) one. 12. Annie plays the piano very _______well_______ (well). But Sue plays it _______better_______ (well) than Annie. 13. She is a little _______more careful_________ (careful) than her classmates. 14. Which book is _______easier_______ (easy), this one or that one? 15. He comes to school much ________earlier_______ (early) than I. 16. This book is not as ________interesting________ (interesting) as that one. 17. The ________higher______ (high) you climb, the ______colder________ (cold) it will be. 18. Jack sings _______well_______ (good), he sings ________better______ (well) than Tom. 19. This radio is not so ________cheap______ as that one. (cheap) 20. It is much ________hotter______ today than yesterday. (hot) 四、单项选择 ( A )1.It’s not cool but it isn’t as__________as yesterday. A. hot B. hotter C. hottest D. the hottest ( D )2. Your book is newer than__________. A. I B. me C. my D. mine ( C )3. Tom drives__________than me. A. much more careful B. as careful as C. even more carefully D. as more carefully ( B )4. Which do you like__________, tea or milk? A. the best B. better C. the better D. best ( B )5. This book is__________of the two. A. thinner B. the thinner C. more thinner D. the thinnest ( B )6. She looks__________than she really is. A. the more younger B. much younger C. very younger D. more younger ( C )7. Our country is becoming__________. A. more beautiful and more B. more beautiful and beautiful C. more and more beautiful D. more beautiful and beautifuler ( C )8. I think science is__________than Japanese. A. much important B. important C. much more important D. more much important ( D )9.It will be bad for your health to eat__________food and take__________exercise.   A. fewer; more  B. more; fewer    C. less; more    D. more; less  ( B )10._______you study, ________grades you will get. A. The hard, the good B. The harder, the better C. Harder, better D. The better, the harder ( C )11. She looks__________than she does. A. many older B. very older C. much older D. more older ( B )12. The cake looks__________and it tastes even__________. A. well; good B. nice; better C. good; worse D. better; best ( C )13. Of the two skirts, Lucy chose__________one. A. less expensive B. the least expensive C. the less expensive D. the most expensive ( A )14. China is larger than__________in Asia. A. any other country B. other countries C. the other country D. any country ( C )15. When spring comes, it gets__________. A. warm and warm B. colder and colder C. warmer and warmer D. shorter and shorter ( A )16.I hope my school life of senior high will be__________than that of junior high. A. more exciting  B. very exciting C. as exciting as   D. the most exciting ( D )17.—We should go to school by bus instead of by car. —Yeah, _____ cars we use, ______ pollution there will be.   A. fewer, less    B. less, fewer    C. the less, the fewer   D. the fewer, the less ( C )18. The weather in Beijing is colder than__________in Sanya. A. it B. them C. that D. this ( D )19.—Sarah is chosen as the guide for the Fashion Show. —Great! No one speaks English__________her. A. as beautiful as     B. as badly as      C. worse than     D. better than ( B )20. Write__________and try not to make any mistakes. A. as careful as possible B. as carefully as you can C. most careful D. more careful ( B )21.Which do you like , tea or coffee? A. well B. better C. best D. most ( D )22.This work is for me than for you. A. difficult B. most difficult C. much difficult D. more difficult ( C )23.—It’s so cold today. —Yes, it’s than it was yesterday. A. more cold 　 B. more colder 　 C. much colder 　 D. cold ( A )24.Lin Tao is as as Zhang Hua.　　 A. strong B. stronger　　 C. strongest D. the strongest ( A )25.I like one of the two books. A. the older B. oldest C. the oldest D. older ( C )26. careful you are, mistakes you will make. A. The more; the more B. The fewer; the more C. The more; the fewer D. The less; the less ( C )27.If there are trees, the air in our city will be cleaner. A. less; more B. more; more C. more; much D. much; more ( D )28. The Changjiang River is longer than river in China. A. another B. any C. other D. any other ( A )29.My life will be better than it is now. A. a lot B. a lot of C. a few D. more ( C )30.David is taller than in his class. A. any student B. the others students C. any other student D. the other student ( B )31. The turkey tastes the chicken. A. as better as B. much better than C. as well as D. the best to ( C )32.Most of the people in Guangdong are getting . A. more and rich B. more rich and more rich C. richer and richer D. rich and rich ( C )33. he read the book, he got in it. A. The more; the more interesting B. The less; the more interesting C. The more; the more interested D. More; more interested Unit 4形容词、副词最高级 一、概念 当对三者或三者以上的人或事物进行比较, 表示“最…”的含义时, 需要用最高级。形容词最高级前面一般需要加定冠词the, 副词最高级前的the可以省略。 Mike is the most talented in music in our class.在我们班迈克是最有音乐天赋的。 She sings (the )most beautifully.他唱得最动听。 2、 最高级基本用法： 1、表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时, 用最高级形式。形容词最高级前一般要加定冠词the, 句末常跟一个in/of短语来表示范围。 Shanghai is the biggest city in China.上海是中国最大的城市。 注意;在表示最高级的句子中常含有表示比较范围的in或of. of后一般接表示一群人或事物的代词/名词;in后一般接表示单位/场所的名词。 2、one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数结构，表示“最…的…之一”时 Beijing is one of the largest cities in China. 北京是中国最大的城市之一。 3、“the+序数词+形容词最高级+名词”, 表示“第几最...的” The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 黄河是中国第二长河。 【实战演练】 一、完成句子 1. The Changjiang River is_________the longest_________(long) river in China 2. Qomolangma is the__________tallest________(tall) mountain in the world. 3. This watermelon is________the biggest__________(big) of all. 4. The food in this supermarket is________the freshest__________(fresh ) in town. 5. July is the__________hottest________(最热的) month in a year in China. 6. Daniel likes playing computer games. He always plays__________best________(好) of all. 7. I think Mary sang_________best_________(well) of all. 8. The girl is quieter than any other girl in our class.=The girl is______the quietest_______of all the girls in our class. 9. 黄河是中国的第二长的河。The Yellow River is _____the second longest_____river in China.   10. 李梅比她班里的其他任何学生都高。 Li Mei is taller ______than______ _______any_____ _______other______ student in her class. 11. 李明是我们队个子最高的队员, 他(球)打得也最棒。 Li Ming is ____the_____ _____tallest____ player in our team, and he plays____the____ ______best______. 12. 天安门广场比北京任何其他广场都大。 Tian'anmen Square is bigger than_______any_____ ______other______square in Beijing. 13. 位于中心大街的那家超市拥有最好的服务。 The supermarket on the Center Street has ______the______ _______best______ service. 14. 城里哪家店的衣服最贵? Which has the ___most____ _____expensive____ clothes _____in_____ ____cities_____ ? 15. 我的相机比你的价格便宜得多。My camera is ______much_____ _____cheaper____ _______than______ yours. 16. 成龙是最受欢迎的动作片演员之一。 Jackie Chan is one of _______the______ ________most________ _______popular_______ action movie actors. 1. 二、单项选择 ( A )1.Li Ming is___________of all in my class. A. the tallest B. taller C. tall D. tallest ( C )2.—Which is___________, Town Cinema, Screen City or Movie Palace? —Movie Palace. A. popular B. more popular C. the most popular D.the popularest ( D )3.This temple (寺庙) is one of___________buildings in the town. A. old B. older C. oldest D. the oldest ( C )4.Linda is the second__________one in our class. A. tall B. taller C. tallest D. the tallest ( C )5.—I want to buy a shirt, but I have a little money. —The shirts here are all very cheap. And the yellow one is__________. Do you like it? A. cheap B. cheaper C. the cheapest D. cheapest ( A )6.—Who is__________player in our school football team? —Wang Hai, I think. A. the worst B. worst C. better D. best ( D )7.—Which month has__________days in a year? —February. A. few B. little C. the least D. the fewest ( C )8.—Whose home is__________away from school in our class? —Liu Mei's. A. farther B. far C. the farthest D. near ( D )9.—Have you been to the new park near the river? —Yes. It's one of__________parks in the city. A. beautiful B. more beautiful C. most beautiful D. the most beautiful ( D )10.As we know, the Yangtze River is one of__________rivers in the world. A.long B. longer C. longest D. the longest 【形容词比较级最高级综合练习】 二、根据句意，用括号中形容词的适当形式填空。 1.Of the three boys, Jim is______the shortest_____(short) one. 2. It is cold today. It will be a little______colder_____(cold) tomorrow. 3. Who is ______younger_____(young), Tom or Jack? 4. The tree grows______taller_____and______taller_____(tall). 5. A much______smaller_____(small) number of students passed the test than I expected. 6. I think this room is much______bigger_____(big) than that one. 7. There are three boxes in the room. The blue one is_____heavy______, but the yellow one is______heavier_____than the blue one. The red one is the______heaviest_____(heavy) 8. Every day I am_____busy______, but today is the______busiest_____day I have ever had. (busy), 9. I think seafood is the______most delicious_____(delicious) food in the restaurant. 10. Amy is the_____cleverest_____(clever) girl in our school. 11. Working hard is the______most important_____(important) thing for us now. 12. It's one of the_____most interesting______(interesting) stories I have read. 13. He is______shorter_____(short) than any other boy in his class. 14. Of the two girls, I find Lucy is______the smarter_____(smart). 15. Alice is not as______tall_____(tall) as Mike. 16. He is___bad___at learning maths. He is much___worse___at Chinese and he is______the worst_____at English (bad) . 17. An orange is a little______bigger_____(big) than an apple,but much______smaller_____(small) than a watermelon. 18. The Changjiang River is_____the longest______(long) river in China. 19. I think it's too expensive. I'd like a______cheaper_____(cheap) one. 20.Gold（黄金）is______less_____(little) useful than iron(铁). 二、单项选择 ( C )1.David is taller than__________in his class. A. any student B. the others students C. any other student D. the other student ( C )2.—Who’s__________at English than Tara? —Tina is. She works much__________. A. good; hard B. better; hard C. better; harder D. good; harder ( D )3.—Which city is__________beautiful, Hangzhou, Beijing or Shanghai? —Hangzhou, I think. A. the most B. the better C. more D. the best ( D )4. Nick didn’t do very__________in the final exam, but his scores are__________than last year’s。 A. good; better B. bad; worse C. well; worse D. well; better ( C )5. The fish tastes__________the chicken. A. as better as B. much better than C. as well as D. the best to ( D )6.My cousin doesn’t study English__________as__________. A. as good; mine B. as well; mine C. as good; me D. so well; me ( C )7.Among the four seas off the coast of China, East China Sea is the second__________ A. deep    B. deeper    C. deepest D. the deepest ( A )8.No mountain in the world is as__________as Qomolangma. A. high B. higher C. highest D.highly ( A )9.Bill is stronger than__________in our school. A. any other student B. other students C. the other student D. any student ( B )10.—I do a lot of exercise, eat__________vegetables and__________meat than I did last year. —That’s why you’re getting thinner. A. fewer; more    B. more; less    C. less; more     D. many; much ( A )11.—Tom, are you___________ boy in your class? —No, but John is. I'm shorter than him. A. the tallest B. the shortest C. the youngest D. the oldest ( C )12.She loves football because she thinks it's___________among all sports. A. interesting B. more interesting C. the most interesting D. the most important language ( C )13.—Who ran___________of all in the sports meeting? —Hector did, I think. A. fast B. faster C. the fastest D. more fast ( C )14. Which is___________, the sun, the earth or the moon? A.big B. bigger C. the biggest D. biggest ( C )15.The store sells their clothes___________in town. A.cheapest B. the cheapest C.the most cheaply D. the cheapliest ( B )16.—A number of volunteers___________willing to teach in China's rural areas. —Yes, the number of volunteers is getting___________. A.is; bigger and bigger B. are; bigger and bigger C.is; more and more D. are; more and more ( C )17.Who jumped___________of all? A. far B. farther C. farthest D. the most far ( A )18.—I think computers are___________more important than radios. —I don' t agree with you. A. much B. very C too D. so ( D )19.He is very rich, but that day he bought__________bike to save money for the poor children. A. an expensive  B. a more expensive C. the more cheaper D. the cheapest ( D )20.—We should go to school by bus instead of by car. —Yeah,___________cars we use,___________pollution there will be.   A. fewer; less    B. less; fewer    C. the less; the fewer   D. the fewer; the less ( B )21. English is one of___________spoken in the world. A. the important languages B. the most important languages C. most important language D. the most important language ( C )22.Snoopy is more famous than___________in the world. A. any dog B. the others dogs C. any other dog D. the other dog ( B )23.David is growing fast. He is even___________than his father. A.tall  B.taller    C.tallest   D.the tallest ( B )24. This book is__________of the two. A.thinner B. the thinner C. more thinner D. the thinnest ( D )25.—How do you like the book you read yesterday? —Oh! It’s one of___________books I’ve ever read. A. interesting  B. more interesting   C. most interesting   D. the most interesting Unit 5 感叹句 【语法聚焦一】感叹句的句式 一、用what 引导的感叹句有三种句式 1.What + a/ an +形容词＋可数名词单数 十主语＋谓语！如：What an old building that is ： 2. What + 形容词十可数名词复数形式十主语十谓语！例如：What beautiful flowers these are！ 3. What +形容词＋不可数名词＋主语＋谓语！如：What thick ice we are having here！ 二、用how 开头的感叹句有四种句式 1.How＋形容词十主语（名词复数或不可数名词）＋谓语！如：How beautiful the flowers are！ 2.How +形容词 +a/an 十可数名词单数 十主语十谓语！如：How kind a man he is！ 3.How +副词十主语十谓语！如：How well she sings！ 4.How + 主语＋谓语！如：How she dances！ 她跳舞跳得多好啊！ 注意：what 和how 引起的感叹句，在口语中常可以省略主语、谓语或其它句子成分。如： How cold (it is)! What a good girl! What delicious fish! 【实战演练】 1、 用what 或how 填空。 1.____What_______a clever boy he is ! 2._____How______well she dances! 3._____How______quiet the park is! 4.______How_____carefully his father works! 5._____How______noisy they are making! 6._____What______delicious soup! 7.______What_____a heavy snow! 8.______What_____an old bike Li Lei is riding! 9.______What____an exciting moment it is! 10.___What___a delicious supper we're having ! 11._____What______fine weather it is today! 12._____How______ fast the boys are running! 13._____How______ delicious the mooncakes are! 14.______What_____surprising news it is! 15._____What____a good time we're having today! 二、把下列的句子改为感叹句（答案不唯一）。 1. Jill is drawing a beautiful picture. ___________What a beautiful picture Jill is drawing !___________________ 2. Mr Wang is a busy man. ___________What a busy man Mr Wang is!____________________________ 3. The cat is very happy. ___________How happy the cat is!____________________________________ 4. The turtle is going very slowly. ___________How slowly the turtle is going!_____________________________ 5. He is very lucky. ___________How lucky he is!________________________________________ 6. It is a wet day today. ___________What a wet day it is!____________________________________ 7. They started early. ___________How early they started!___________________________________ 8. They waited a long time. ___________What a long time they waited! ______________________________ 9. He is wearing a large shirt. ___________What a large shirt He is wearing!_____________________________ 10. The dolphin is playing happily. ___________How happily The dolphin is playing!___________________________ 三、单项选择 ( B )1．_______ good day! Why not take a walk along the sea? A．What B．What a C．How D．How a ( B )2．________ interesting movie it is! I want to see it again. A．What B．What an C．How D．How a ( A )3.—________ clean the classroom is! —So it is. The students clean it every day. A．How B．What C．What a D．How a ( B )4．________ brave（勇敢的） the young man is! A．What a B．How C．What D．How a ( D )5．________ good book you offered us! It really helps us a lot. A．How B．How a C．What D．What a ( B )6．_______ exciting singing contest they had yesterday! A．What B．How C．What an D．How an ( B )7．________ beautiful gift it is! It reminds me of my childhood. A．What B．What a C．What an D．How ( A )8．—Look! Jeff is helping a blind man cross the road. （过马路） —________ helpful he is! We should learn from him. A．How B．What C．What a D．How an ( C )9．—It has been rainy for a week. —________ bad weather it is! A．How B．What a C．What D．How an ( C )10．________ nice the girl looks in a red dress! I want to buy one for my daughter. A．What a B．What C．How D．How an ( A )11．________ great basketball player Kobe Bryant was! D．How an A．What a B．What C．How D．How an ( B )12．—It’s spring now. The trees are green and the flowers come out. —Yes. ________nice season! A．What B．What a C．How D．How an ( D )13．_______ good idea these young people have! I’ve never heard about a more creative one. A．How B．How a C．What D．What a ( B )14．— _______ interesting science class we had today! — Yes! Now I know more about how the earth and the sun moves! A．How B．What an C．What a D．How an ( C )15．— ________ useful book it is for us to improve our English! — Yeah, I believe I’ll make a great progress with it. A．How B．What C．What a D．What an ( A )16．Look! ________ dirty the water is! A．How B．What C．What a D．How an ( A )17．___________ beautiful the flowers are! A．How B．What C．What a D．What an ( D )18．—The students go to the old people’s home every week to help the old. —________ kind children they are! A．How B．How a C．What a D．What ( B )19．________ We can have a party to celebrate it. A．What terrible weather it is! B．What exciting news it is! C．How hardworking he is! D．How boring the party is Unit 6 一般将来时be going to 【语法聚焦一】一般将来时be going to 一、概念： “be going to+动词原形”是一种固定结构, 在句中作谓语, 其形式是现在进行时, 表达的却是将来的动作或状态。表示将要发生的动作或安排, 或打算、计划、决定要做的事。 be动词随主语的人称和数的变化而变化。 He is going to learn a new language他打算学习一门新语言。 They are going to have a class meeting他们打算开一次班会。 二、句式变化： 各种句式变化借助be动词完成。 肯定句 主语+ be going to+动词原形+其他. I'm going to see my friends this weekend这个周末我打算去看我的朋友。 否定句 主语+ be not going to+动词原形+其他 I'm not going to see my friends this weekend 这个周末我不打算去看我的朋友。 一般疑问句 Be+主语+ going to+动词原形+其他? 肯定回答:Yes, 主语+be 否定回答:No, 主语+ be not —Are you going to see your friends this weekend?这个周末你打算去看你的朋友吗? —Yes, I am是的, 我打算去。 —No, I’m not. 不, 我不打算去。 特殊疑问句 疑问词+be+主语+ going to+动词原形+其他? When are you going to see your friends? 你打算什么时候去看你的朋友? 用法： 1.表示主观上打算在将来要做某事, 常与tomorrow, this (afternoon),next (year),one day, now, soon, someday, sometime, in the future, when连用。 明天我要去看我的好朋友。I'm going to see my good friend tomorrow. 下个星期日他将去游览颐和园。He is going to visit the Summer Palace next Sunday. 2.表示即将发生的事。 她九点钟要到车站接她父亲。She is going to meet her father at the station at 9: 00 3.表示根据迹象主观判断肯定将要发生的事。 看那些云, 天要下雨了。Look at those clouds. It's going to rain. 快点吧!你们要迟到了。Hurry up! You are going to be late. 4.表示计划好了的、将来要做的事。 运动会将在八月份召开。The sports meeting is going to be held in August. 这家公园将于11月开放。The park is going to open in November. 5. be going to后面的动词如果是go, come, leave等时, 可以直接用这些动词的现在进行时表示将来的打算或肯定将要发生的动作。 他很快就要来这儿。He is coming here soon. 李先生将离开上海前往北京。Mr Li is leaving Shanghai for Beijing. 6. be going to用在 there be句型中, to后的动词原形应用be, 而不用其他动词。 今天下午将有一场篮球比赛。There is going to be a basketball match this afternoon. 7.表示“打算去某处”, 可直接用be going to+地点(名词)。此处going表示“去”, to是介词。但接副词时, 省略to。 我们打算去北京度假。We are going to Beijing for a holiday. 她打算和吉姆去那里。She is going there with Jim. 注意: 以下情况不宜用 be going to结构： 1.表示临时决定将要做某事时 有人敲门, 我去开门。Someone is knocking at the door, and I will open it. 2.表示客观必然发生的事时 明天是星期天。Tomorrow will be Sunday. 【实战演练】 1、 单项选择 ( D )1.It’s going to__________tomorrow. A. raining B. rainy C. rained D. rain ( A )2.There__________a basketball match between Class One and Class Three this afternoon. A. is going to be B. will have C. are going to be D. is going to have ( B )3.I__________a foreign language next year. A. will be learn B. am going to learn C. learn D. learning ( B )4.The sky looks so grey. I think it__________. A. is snowing B. is going to snow C. is to snow D. snows ( C )5.—What are you going to__________when you__________up? —I am going to be a scientist. A. do; grew B. does; grow C. be; grow D.do; grows ( A )6.Next week he__________his pen pal in London. A. is going to visit B. visit C. visits D. visited ( C )7. They__________a picnic tomorrow. A. have B. is having C. are going to have D. had ( A )8. Next Monday Lily__________to Paris on vacation. A. is going B. goes C. go D. went ( D )9. She__________a math teacher when she grows up. A. is B. be C. am D. is going to be ( D )10. Ms. Green__________her e-mails next week. A. checks B. is checking C. checked D. is going to check ( D )11. There__________an important meeting tomorrow afternoon. A.is going to have B.are going to have C.are going to be D.is going to be ( C )12.When is she__________singing lessons? A. goes to take B. go to take C. going to take D. goes taking ( B )13.Where__________you__________next September? A. do; to study B. are; going to study C. are; study D. do; going to study ( B )14.There__________football match between Class 1 and Class 3 tomorrow. A.is going to B.is going to be C.is going to have D.are going to be ( B )15.__________your brother__________a magazine from the library? A. Are; going to borrow B. Is; going to borrow C. Will; borrows D. Are; going to borrows ( A )16. Next week I__________a party. A. am going to have B. had C. is having D. has ( C )17. When Sonia grows up, she__________a tennis player. A. is B. are C. is going to be D. am ( C )18. Next year, the Greens__________the soccer team. A. made B. makes C. are going to make D. is going to make ( B )19. Well, my parents say they__________a new camera next weekend. A. is going to buy B. are going to buy C. bought D. buys ( A )20. Next Sunday we__________West Farm with our friends. A. are going to B. is going to C. goes D. went ( A )21. Tonight Mike__________a welcome party for his cousin from the USA. A. is going to have B. be going to have C. are going to have D. am going to have ( C )22. In an hour I__________you a recording for Mike's program. A. is sending B. am sending C. am going to send D. sent ( C )23. Jimmy__________an engineer when he__________up. A. is; grows B. is; is going to grow C. is going to be; grows D. is going to be; is going to grow ( A )24. —Why are you in such a hurry, John? —There__________a basketball match between Class Three and our class in ten minutes. A. is going to be B. is going to have C. will have D. will hold ( B )25.We__________have a picnic together with our teachers next Thursday A. are going B. are going to C. will going D. may going to 2、 按适当形式填空 1. John_____is____(be) going_____to have____(have) an English class tomorrow. 2. It is_____going _____(go) to be hot next month. 3. They____aren’t______ (not be) going to do their homework in the afternoon. 4._____Are_____(be) the teacher and students going to visit Beijing next year? 5._____Is_____(be) Mary going to give a talk tomorrow? Unit 7 一般将来时will 【语法聚焦一】一般将来时will 一、概念:表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态, 或将来某一时间内经常发生的动作或状态。 二、构成： will/shall+动词原形, will在名词或代词后常简缩为’ll, will not常简缩为won’t。 一般说来, shall用于第一人称, will用于第一、二、三人称。在现代英语中, shall常用will代替, 可以说 I will go. /We will go. 在疑问句中, 主语为第一人称(I和we)时, 常用助动词 shall. 3、 时间标志词： in+一段时间, tomorrow, next year/week/month/hour/day,in the future, soon, from now on, some day, this year/term/week Will people use money in100 years? 100年以后人们还会使用钱吗? 句式变化： 例词 肯定式 否定式 一般疑问式 be I/we shall be... He/She/It/You/They will be... I/we shall not be... He/She/It/You/They will not be... Shall I/we be...? Will you/he/she/it/they be...? 肯定回答: Yes, 主语+will/shall 否定回答: No, 主+won’t/shan’t do I/we shall do... He/She/It/You/They will do... I/we shall not do... He/She/It/You/They will not do... Shall I/we do...? Will you/he/she/it/they do...? 一般将来时的用法: ①表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态, 常与表示将来的时间状语连用。 如: next week, tomorrow, this afternoon, in a month, soon 等 I will go swimming this afternoon. 今天下午我将去游泳。 —Will you be free tomorrow?你们明天有空吗? —Yes, we will.是的, 我们有空。 ②表示将来经常发生的动作。 From now on I will come for the newspaper every Monday. 从现在起每周一我会来取报纸。 ③一般现在时表将来: 1).表示按规定或时间表预计要发生的动作, 用一般现在时表将来, 这样的动词有 start, leave, come, go等 The term starts on September 1st 这个学期将于9月1日开学。 2).在时间或条件状语从句中, 要用一般现在时表示将来 We will have a sports meeting if it doesn’t rain next Friday. 如果下周五不下雨, 我们将举行一次运动会。 ④.现在进行时表将来: 某些表示趋向性或转移性的动词, 如come, go, fly, arrive, leave等, 常用现在进行时表示将来 They are flying to Guangdong next Sunday下周日他们将飞往广东 We are leaving for Beijing tomorrow明天我们将动身去北京。 ⑤. be about to+动词原形 和 be to+动词原形 表示即将发生的动作 The train is about to start. 辨析：“ will/shall+动词原形”与“ be going to+动词原形”的区别 will/shall+动词原形 表示较远的将来时间要发生的事情 表明说话者的主观意愿 没有“计划、准备”的意思 be going to+动词原形 表示近期就要发生的事情 根据客观迹象表明马上要发生的事情 含有“计划、准备”的意思 He will write a book one day将来有一天他会写本书。 He is going to write a letter tonight.他今晚要写封信。 I hope it will be warm tomorrow.我希望明天会暖和起来。 Look at the clouds. There is going to be a storm看这些云, 暴风雨就要来了。 He will be twenty years old.他就要20岁了。 I'm going to see her tomorrow我打算明天去看她。 拓展： 1. there be句型与一般将来时 Do you think there will be robots in peoples homes? 你认为人们家里将会有机器人吗 there will be意为“将有;会有”, 是 there be句型的一般将来时, 可以与 There is/are going to be.进行句式转换。 There will be a film this evening.今晚将有一场电影 构成： 肯定句结构:There will be+主语+其他 或There is/are going to be+主语+其他 There will be a talk show tonight. = There is going to be a talk show tonight. 今天晚上将会有一个访谈节目。 否定句结构：There won’t be+主语+其他 或 There is/are not going to be +主语+其他 There won’t be more cars in the future将来不会有更多的汽车。 一般疑问句结构：“Will there be+主语+其他?” 肯定答语：Yes, there will. 否定答语: No, there won’t. Is/Are there going to be +主语… 肯定答语：Yes, there is/are . 否定答语: No, there isn’t/aren’t. —Will there be more cars in the future?将来会有更多的汽车吗? —Yes, there will.是的, 会有。 —No, there won’t.不, 不会有。 【实战演练】 1、 单项选择 ( D )1.The girl__________a new computer for herself next year. A. buy B. buys C. is buying D. will buy ( A )2.Steven’s parents__________him off at the airport tomorrow. A. will see B. saw C. see D. has seen ( D )3.Lucy and her friend__________at the airport in half an hour. They are going to Taiwan. A. met B. meet C. have met D. will meet ( D )4.Mr. Winter will come back from the US in__________. A. Monday B. two o' clock C. next month D. two days ( A )5.I’m going to the park__________. A. this weekend B. on this weekend C. last weekend D.weekend ( B )6.I__________a foreign language next year. A. will be learn B. am going to learn C. learn D. learning ( B )7.—Mike, why did you copy Lisa’s homework again? —Sorry, Miss Smith, I__________do it again. A. won’t ever B. will never C. won’t never D. can’t ( D )8.—Where is the morning paper? —I__________it for you at once. A. get B. getting C. to get D. will get ( C )9.—Why are you in such a hurry, Mike? —There________a friendly basketball match in ten minutes. A. is going to have B. will have C. will be D. are going to ( D )10.There__________an English film next week. A. will have B. is going to have C. are going to be D. is going to be ( D )11.Charlie________here next month. A. isn’t working B. doesn’t working C. isn’t going to working D. won’t work ( D )12.He________very busy this week, he__________free next week. A. will be;is B. is;is C. will be;will be D. is;will be ( D )13.—__________you__________free tomorrow? —No. I__________free the day after tomorrow. A. Are; going to; will B. Are; going to be; will C. Are; going to; will be D. Are; going to be; will be ( B )14.Mother__________me a nice present on my next birthday. A. will gives B. will give C. gives D. give ( B )15.__________a concert next Saturday? A. There will be B. Will there be C. There can be D. There are ( C )16.He______in three days. A. coming back B. came back C. will come back D. is going to coming back ( D )17.The train______at 11. A. going to arrive B. will be arrive C. is going to D. is arriving ( B )18.—Will his parents go to see the Terra Cotta Warriors tomorrow? —No, ______. A. they willn't. B. they won't C. they aren't. D. they don't. ( A )19.Who______you______swimming with tomorrow afternoon? A. will; go B. do; go C. will; going D. shall; go ( C )20.—__________a new film in Star Cinema this weekend? —Yes, There__________often new films at the weekend. A. Is there going to have; will be B. Will there have; are C. Will there be; will be D. Is there going to be; are ( A )21.There__________a basketball match between Class One and Class Three this afternoon. A. is going to be B.will have C. are going to be D. is going to have ( A )22.—Do you know__________a wonderful football match and two basketball matches on July 15th? —Yeah. I am going to watch them on that day. A. there will be B. there will have C. there are D. there have ( D )23.The day after tomorrow they______a volleyball match. A. will watching B. watches C. is watching D. are going to watch ( B )24.They______an English evening next Sunday. A. are having B. are going to have C. will having D. is going to have ( B )25.______you______free next Sunday? A. Will; are B. Will; be C. Do; be D. Are; be 二、完成句子 1. Tom and Jack will play basketball this Saturday.（对划线部分提问） ___When___ ___will___Tom and Jack play basketball? 2. We will have a maths test tomorrow. (改为否定句） We__won’t____ ___have___a maths test tomorrow. 3.Alice will go to the park with her grandparents.（改为一般疑问句） ___Will___ Alice___go___to the park with her grandparents? 4. Will your uncle buy you a new schoolbag？（做否定回答） No,___he___ ___won’t___. 5. Alice often goes to the market to buy things.（用 this afternoon 改为一般将来时） Alice___will___ ___go___to the market to buy things this afternoon. Unit 8 条件状语从句 【语法聚焦一】条件状语从句 if引导的条件状语从句 if意为“如果”, 表示正面条件, 引导条件状语从句, 既可放在主句前面, 也可放在主句后面。 If you go to the party, you'll have a great time. 如果你去参加聚会, 你将会玩得很开心。 My mother will take me to the park if she is free我妈妈如果有空, 就会带我去公园 考点： if条件句的时态搭配 1.if从句用一般现在时, 主句用一般将来时 (主将从现) If he runs, he'll get there in time.如果他用跑的, 他就会及时赶到那儿。 The cat will scratch you if you pull her tail如果你拉猫的尾巴, 它就会抓你。 2.if从句用一般现在时, 主句谓语含may/ might/can(主情从现) If the fog gets thicker, the plane may be diverted. 如果再大一些, 飞机可能就会改在别的机场降落。 If it stops snowing, we can go out. 如果雪停了, 我们就可以出去。 3.if从句用一般现在时, 主句是祈使句。(主祈从现) Work hard if you want to get good grades. 你如果想取得好成绩, 就要努力学习。 unless引导条件状语从句 unless意为“除非;如果不”, 引导条件状语从句, 相当于if...not... I won't go to his party unless he invites me. =If he doesn’t invite me, I won’t go to his party. 如果他不邀请我, 我将不会参加他的聚会。 考点： 当主句用一般将来时或是祈使句时, unless引导的从句常用一般现在时。(主将从现/主祈从现) There will be more pollution unless people drive less. 如果人们不少开车, 将会有更多污染。 Don't pour the water into the river unless you make sure it is clean enough. 不要把水倒进河里, 除非你们保证它足够干净。 区分if引导的条件状语从句和if引导的宾语从句 在条件状语从句中, if表示“如果”；而在宾语从句中, if表示“是否”。可以用从句前置法区分, if引导的条件状语从句, 可以放在主句之前并用逗号隔开, 也可放在主句之后；而if引导的宾语从句只能放在主句之后。因此如果把if放在主句之前, 句子通顺, 意义不变, 则是条件从句, 否则是宾语从句。 He will help you if you ask him. = If you ask him, he will help you. 如果你问他, 他会帮助你。 1、 用所给词的适当形式填空 1. If I come, I _______will see_______( see ) you.  2. If it is fine, we_____will go_________( go ) for a walk.  3. If it rains tomorrow, they_______will stay_______( stay ) at home.  4. You will spoil it if you_______aren't_______( not be ) careful.  5. We will be very much pleased if you_______come_______( come ). 6. If you_______feel_______(feel) tired, you_______will have_______ (have) to have a rest. 7. Where_______will_______he ______see______ (see) the film if he_______has_______(have) time? 8. If there_______are_______ (be) fewer trees, there_______will be_______(be) more pollution(污染). 9. If Marcia______lives________(live) alone, she_______will keep_______(keep) a pet dog. 10. Lana________will buy______(buy) a new dress if the old one________is______(be) out of style. 11. If Mr. Green_____says_____(say) I am hard- working, my parents_____will feel_____(feel) glad. 12. I_____will go_____(go) to the beach if it_____doesn't rain_____(not rain) this week. 13. _____Will_____they_____have_____(have) a match if the P.E. teacher_____is_____(be) not busy? 14. He_____will write_____(write) a letter to his grandparents if he_____gets_____(get) his report card this week. 15. If she_____gets_____(get) up late, she_____doesn't catch_____(not catch) the early bus. 二、单项选择 ( A )1.Why not ask your teacher for help__________you don't know it? A. if B. that C. though D. whether ( B )2. I’ll give the book to him if he__________here next Sunday. A. will come B. comes C. is coming D. came ( D )3.We will have a sports meeting if it__________rain tomorrow. A. won’t B. isn't C. don't D. doesn't ( C )4. If you__________to the party, you’ll have a great time. A. will go B. went C. go D. going ( D )5. — What are you going to do tomorrow? —We’ll go to the library tomorrow if it__________. A. isn’t rain B. rain C. won’t rain D. doesn’t rain ( B )6. —The book seems a little boring. —You won’t enjoy it__________you put your heart into it. A. when B. if C. after D. unless ( D )7.–Do you know if we will go to the cinema tomorrow? —I think we’ll go if we__________too much homework. A. will have B. had C. won’t D. don’t have (D )8. —We will go for a picnic if it________this Sunday. —Sounds great. A. won’t rain B. is sunny C. will be sunny D. isn’t sunny (A )9. —I don’t know if Sam__________. —Don’t worry. I will tell you if he__________. A. will come; comes B. comes; will come C. will come; will come D. comes; comes ( B )10. I want to know if there__________sports meeting next month. If they__________it , I must get good ready for it. A. is; will hold B. will be; hold C. is; hold D. will be; will hold ( D )11. The sports meet will continue________it rains this afternoon. A. if B. until C. as soon as D. unless ( C )12.—Jeff, could you tell me if it __________ tomorrow. If it ___________ tomorrow, I will stay at home. —It’s reported that it will be sunny. Let’s go camping on the Fenghuang mountain. A. rain；rain B. rains；rains C. will rain；rains D. will rain；will rain ( B )13.If you study hard, you into a good senior high school. A. got B. will get C. get ( A )14. — Do you know when he will come back tomorrow? — Sorry, I don’t know. When he ____________ back, I’ll tell you. A. comes B. will come C. come D. may come ( B )15. The football match will be put off if it ________. A. will rain　 　B. rains　 　　C. rained　　　D. is rained ( A )16._______he works hard on it, he will do it better. A If B Though C But ( C )17. I won’t go if it ________ tomorrow. 　　A．rain　　 B．is raining　 　C．rains　 　 D．will rain ( D )18. I__________ her the answer if she__________me. A. can tell, will ask B. will tell, will ask C. would tell, ask D. will tell, asks ( D )19. The students will plant trees if it________tomorrow.  A.didn't rain   B. hasn't rained     C. won't rain     D. doesn't rain   ( A )20. We________home if there is no bus. —Oh, what a pity!  A. will walk    B. have walked     C. walked      D. walk  ( C )21. Who can tell me when he________tomorrow?  A.come    B. comes     C. will come     D. is going choose ( A )22.—Please tell her the news when she________.  —OK, I will.  A. comes    B. will come     C. come    D. would come  ( B )24. —Let's go climbing if it __________ this Saturday. — Good idea. But nobody knows if it __________. A. is fine; rains B. is fine; will rain C. will be fine; rains D. will be fine; will rain 三、完成句子 1. 如果努力学习，你就会取得好成绩。 If you_____study_____ ______hard____, you_____will_____ _____get_____good_____grades_____. 2. 他如果看电视太久了，他的父母会不高兴。 If he_____watches_____TV too much, his parents_____will_____ _____be_____unhappy. 3. 如果明天不下雨，我会和你一起去公园的。 If it_____doesn't_____ _____rain_____tomorrow, I______will____go to the park_____with_____you. 4. 如果他有空，他会帮助你的。If he_____is_____ ______free____, he_____will_____ _____help_____ you. 5. 你如果抄同学的作业就不能学好各门功课。 You______can’t____ _____be_____good at all the subjects if you_____copy_____ the other students' homework. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 新人教版八年级上册Unit 1-8各单元语法精讲精练 Unit 1复合不定代词和一般过去时等 【语法聚焦一】复合不定代词 一、概念：是由some-, any-, every-, no-加上-one, -body, -thing等所组成的不定代词。 -one -body -thing some- someone somebody something any- anyone anybody anything every- everyone everybody everything no- no one nobody nothing 这些复合不定代词具有名词性质, 在句中可作主语、宾语或表语, 但不能作定语。 二、用法： 1、指代对象不同; (1)含-one和-body的复合不定代词只用来指人, 在意义上完全相同, 可以互换。 Someone/Somebody is crying. 有人在哭。 (2)含-thing的复合不定代词只用来指事物。 Are you going to buy anything? 你要去买东西吗? 2、复合不定代词的数, 复合不定代词都具有单数的含义, 当它们充当句子的主语时。其后的谓语动词用单数形式。 Is everyone here today? 今天大家都到了吗? 3、复合不定代词的定语必须后置, 即放在复合不定代词的后面。 Can you tell something interesting? 你能讲些有趣的事情吗? 4、辨析：含some-和any-的复合不定代词的用法区别; (1) something, someone, somebody通常用于肯定句中。 He found something strange but interesting. 他发现了奇怪但有趣的事情。 (2) anything, anyone, anybody一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件状语从句中。 Do you have anything to say? 你有话要说吗? (3) 在表示请求、邀请、提建议等带有委婉语气的疑问句和希望得到对方肯定答复的疑问句以及表示反问的问句中, 也可用 something, someone, somebody等复合不定代词。 Would you like something to eat? 你要吃些东西吗? (4) 当 anything表示“任何事(物), 无论任何事(物)”, anyone, anybody表示“无论谁, 任何人”等意义时, 它们也可以用于肯定句中。 Anything is OK. 什么都行。 拓展：辨析：somewhere,anywhere,everywhere,nowhere somewhere意为某处、在某处, 强调在一个地方。用于肯定句。 anywhere意为在什么地方、任何地方, 用于否定句、疑问句、条件从句中。在肯定句中表示“随便什么地方”。 everywhere意为到处, 处处, 强调多个地方, 用于肯定句。 nowhere意为不在任何地方;任何地方都不, 和 anywhere是反义词, 意思相反。 I looked for my pet dog everywhere, but I couldn’t find it anywhere.I think it must be somewhere in the village. 我到处找我的狗, 但是哪里都没找到, 我认为它肯定在这个村子的某个地方。 【实战演练】 一、选词填空 something anything nothing everything anyone everyone someone no one 1. —Is  here today? —Yes, we're all here. 2. —Is there  in the black box? —No, there is  in it. 3. There is  wrong with my bike. It doesn't work. 4. In spring,  begins to grow. 5. The math exam is very difficult. I don't think  can pass it. 6. I can't find my pen. I think  took it. 7. Does  live on that hill? 8. There's  important in today's newspaper. 9. —Is there anyone in the classroom? —No,  is in it. 10. I want something to eat, and  is OK. 二、根据句意，从括号中选择合适的词填空。 1. There are （some / any）new books in the school library. 2. We bought a box of cherry. Take (some / any) with you when you leave. 3. He can't give you (some / any) help at present. 4. There is (something / anything) in the flower. I think it is a bee. 5. Our trip to Taiwan was perfect. (nothing / everything) went on well. 6. I am thirsty. I would like to have (anything / something) to drink, please. 7. Can (everybody / anybody) hear me? A snake here! 8. He can do (nothing / anything) for you. He loves you deeply. 9. My phone was on the desk just now, but I can't find it now. Did (nobody /somebody ) take it away? 10. Last week I did (something / nothing). I just stayed at home and slept all day long. 【语法聚焦二】一般过去时 概念: 表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为;过去主语具备的能力和性格。 基本句型结构: 1、肯定句: 主语+was/ were/动词过去式+其他。 We were pupils two years ago. 两年前我们是小学生。 They watched a movie yesterday. 他们昨天看了一部电影。 2、否定句: 主语was/were+not其他; 主语+didn’t+动词原形+其他。 They weren't here just now. 刚才他们没有在这儿。 Jim didn't go to school last Friday. 上星期五吉姆没有去上学。 3、一般疑问句: Was/ Were+主语十其他? Did+主语+动词原形+其他? Were you at home this morning? 今天上午你在家吗? Did your brother play computer games last Sunday? 你哥哥上周日玩电脑游戏了吗? 用法: 1、表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态, 常与表示过去的时间状语连用。 My uncle flew to London last week. 我叔叔上周坐飞机去了伦敦。 He was here just now. 他刚才还在这里。 2、用来叙述没有具体过去时间的动作或存在的状态。 I used to go to school on foot. 我过去常常步行去上学。 We often played together when we were children. 当我们是小孩的时候, 我们常常在一起玩。 3、通过上下文语境可判断出动作是发生在过去的, 也使用一般过去时。 —Where did you go? —你去哪里了? —I went to school. —我去学校了。 【实战演练】 一、用括号内的词的适当形式填空 1. The children _________(spend) a wonderful time together this afternoon. 2. Rita __________ (learn) a lot in the Chinese class today. 3. Tracy __________ (wear) her mother’s clothes to the party last Sunday. 4. Gary __________ (take) a shower last night. 5. Mr. Smith __________ (come) to our school for a visit three days ago. 6. Betty __________ (become) a teacher last year. 7. David __________ (put) on his father’s sweater. It’s too big for him. 8. Frank __________ (read) comic books all day yesterday. 9. I__________ (buy) a new dictionary the day before yesterday. 10. — What day_________ (be) it yesterday? — It__________ (be) Friday. 二、完成句子 1. Lucy did her homework at home.(改否定句) Lucy___________ ___________her homework at home. 2. He found some meat in the kitchen.(变一般疑问句并回答) —_________ he ________ _________ meat in the kitchen? —Yes, ________ ________./ No, ________ ________. 3. There was some orange in the cup.(变一般疑问句并回答) —___________there___________orange in the cup? —Yes, _________ _________./ No, _________ _________. 4. Frank read an interesting book about history yesterday. (一般疑问句) ___________Frank___________an interesting book about history yesterday? 5. They were late for school yesterday. (一般疑问句并回答) —___________they late for school yesterday? —Yes, _________ _________./ No, _________ _________. 三、单项选择 ( )10.— What did Mr. Smith do before he came to China? —He in a car factory. A. works B. worked C. is working D. will work ( )11.The singer in London in 2010. A. lives B. lived C. is living D. will live ( )12.—Who to clean the classroom yesterday? —Li Ming. A. helps B. helped C. is helping D. will help ( )13. Why you this morning, Ann? A. didn’t; come B. don’t; come C. haven’t; come D. hadn’t; come ( )14. —How was your weekend? —Great! We a good time in the park. A. have B. are having C.had D. will have ( )15.—What you last night? —I studied for a test. A. did; do B. was; doing C. were; did D. did; did ( )10.The foreign children the Forbidden City last Sunday. A. visit B. visits C. visited D. visiting ( )11.—What did your sister do last weekend? —She a film with her friends. A. see B. sees C. saw D. has seen ( )12.—When you the umbrella? —Last month. A. do; bought B. did; bought C. do; buy D. did; buy ( )13. The teacher his students not to play computer games on school nights. A. said B. told C. had D. kept ( )14. — When did he teach in your school? —He here in 1986. A.teach B. is teaching C. teaches D. taught ( )15. —When your brother back? —About half an hour ago. A. did; come B. had; come C. do; come D.have; come 拓展：单元易错易混重点 修饰可数名词 修饰不可数名词 肯定(有) a few 有一些 a little有一些 否定(没有) few 没有, 几乎没有 little 没有, 几乎没有 1.不定代词few/a few/little/a little 【实战演练】 1.He has _________friends here, and he feels lonely. 2.There are many eggs in the basket, you can take__________if you want. 3.There is__________ ink in my bottle, can you give me __________ink? 4.There are some apples on the tree, but __________ people see them. 5.There is __________ milk in the fridge, let’s go and buy some. 6.-You look sad. Kate.-Yeah，I have made________ mistakes in my report. 7.We need some more coffee. There is only ________left. 8.Several years ago________ people knew Zhang Jie, but now he is famous in China. 9.The question is very hard,________ students can answer it. 2.不定代词other/others/ the other/another/the others ①another 泛指三者或三者以上当中的“另一个”。 ②other 泛指“别的，其他的”，后面常加名词。 ③others 泛指“别人，其他人”。He is ready to help others. ＝He is ready to help other people. (others ＝ other ＋ 名词) others 还常用在 some…others“一些……另一些”结构中。 ④the other 特指“剩下的，其余的”。 ⑤the others ＝ the other ＋ 名词：指“剩下的人(或物)，其余的(或物)” 常用词组：one…the other (两者中) 一个……另一个 some…others 一些……另一些 another two dogs ＝ two more dogs each other=one another 互相 【实战演练】 1.The dress is too small. Please show me ________one. 2.He has two cars. One is black，________ is white. 3.There are 50 students in my class. 25 are boys，________ are girls. 4.There are many students on the playground. Some are playing basketball，________are playing football. 5.We always help each________with schoolwork. 6.She has two sons, one is a teacher, ________is an engineer. 7.This is one of the photos of my sisters, now I'll show you________photos. 8.Some went to the Great Wall, ________visited the Miyun. 9.Would you like to have________ cup of tea? 10.There are four dictionaries on the bookshelf, two are French, ________are English. both 表示“两者都” both..and.. 两者都.. Both of us are from America. (作主语时，谓语动词用复数) either 表示“两者中任意一个” either..or.. 要么..要么.. Either the students or the teacher is kind. (遵循就近原则) Either of us is a students. (作主语时，谓语动词用单数) neither 表示“两者都不” neither..nor.. 既不..也不.. Neither Jack nor his friends are at home. (遵循就近原则) Neither of them wants to go to Beijing. (作主语时，谓语动词用单数) all 表示“所有的都”“全部” All of my friends like singing. (作主语时，谓语动词用复数) 3. 不定代词either/neither/all/both 【实战演练】 一、请用either/neither/all/both/none填空 1. I have two sisters._________of them are teachers. 2. I have tried several jackets, but_________of them fits me well. 3._________of the twins wants to go to the park, so they have to stay at home. 4. Henry was happy because _________ his three sons came back home on Father's Day. 5. In 2022, Beijing hosted the Winter Olympics. _________my brother and I wanted to watch it. 6._________of my parents goes to work by car. They take the subway instead. 7.Dumplings are very delicious. _________of my parents like them. 8.- Can I come this evening or tomorrow morning? -_________is OK. 10. The exam is too difficult._________of us can get a high score. 4. 不定代词each与every 意义 使用范围 与of搭配 例句 each 每个（强调个体） 两者或两者以上 可 Each teacher has his shining points.(each+单数名词+单数谓语) Each of my classmates is from China.(each of+复数名词+单数谓语) every 每个（强调整体） 三者或三者以上 不可 Every pupil has school uniform.(every+单数名词+单数谓语 ) 【实战演练】 1.There are many trees on side of the road. 2.There are many birds in the forest. bird has its own nest. 3. of the rooms is clean. 【不定代词综合练习】 一、单项选择 ( )1. is waiting for you at the gate. She's got a letter for you. A. Nobody B. Anybody C. Somebody D. Everybody ( )2.—Do you care about your parents? —Yes, of course. in my life is more important than them. A.Something B. Nothing C. Anything D. Everything ( )3. My computer doesn't work now, there must be with it. A. wrong something B. something wrong C. wrong anything D. anything wrong ( )4.—Would you like ? —Yes, I’d like some coffee. A. anything to eat B. something to eat C. something to drink D. anything to drink ( )5.—Are you going out now, Lucy? —No, I'm hungry. I'll get to eat before I go out. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything ( )6.I looked for my keys , but I couldn’t find them . A.anywhere; somewhere B. everywhere; somewhere C. everywhere;anywhere D. somewhere; anywhere ( )7.—Would you like milk in your coffee? —Yes, just . A. any;a few B. some;a little C. any;a little D. some,;a few ( )8.—I’d like grapes and pears. —Oh, I need orange juice. A. some;a few B. a few;a little C. a little;a few D. a little;few ( )9.Though the exam was difficult, _________students passed it. A. little B. a little C. few D. a few ( )10. went hiking last weekend because of the bad weather. A. Someone B. No one C. Everyone D. Nothing ( )11.Old Tom is unhappy because has visited him since he moved to town. A. everybody B. somebody C. anybody D. nobody ( )12.—Is there in the black box? —No, there is in it. A. anything; nothing B. everything; something C. everything; anything D. anything; something ( )13.I'd like to go on vacation. A. somewhere relaxed B. anywhere relaxed C. somewhere relaxing D. relaxing anywhere ( )14.—Would you like ? —Yes, I'd like some cakes. A. anything to eat B. something to eat C. something to drink D. anything to drink ( )15. Do you have to tell us? A. something important B. important something C. anything important D. important anything ( )16.I need bananas to make fruit salad. Could you please buy some? A. few B. a few C. little D. a little ( )17.There is________ ink in my bottle, can you give me ________ink? A. few; a few B. a few; few C. little; a little D. a little; little ( )18.—Is your friend Michael still in Australia? —I don't know. I have________information about him because we haven't seen each other for________years. A. a little; a few B. little; a few C. a few; a little D. few; a little (　 ) 19.—Did the speaker tell us several practical ways to develop our social skills during his speech? —________ at all. He said ________ about it. A．No; nothing B．Not; none C．Nothing; none D．None; nothing (　 ) 20.The man has two sons and ________ of them are strong.One is tall and ________ is short. A．all; another B．both; the other C．both; another D．each; the other (　 ) 21.—There used to be lots of fish in the lake. —Yes, but there are very ________ now. A．few B．fewer C．little D．less (　 ) 22.—Oh, the weather is so bad.It's raining again. —Let's change to ________ day to go for a picnic. A．another B．others C．the other D．other (　 ) 23.—Who helps you with your homework, your father or your mother? —________．They are too busy.I do it all by myself. A．None B．Either C．Both D．Neither (　 ) 24.—Have you bought ________ for your mother's birthday? —I haven't decided. A．something unusual B．anything unusual C．unusual something D．unusual anything (　 ) 25.There's ________ cooking oil left in my home.Would you go to the supermarket to get ________？ A．few; some B．few; any C．little; some D．little; any (　 ) 26.—How long will you stay here? —I think I will be here for ________ more days. A．few B．a few C．little D．a little (　 ) 27.I invited Tom and Jane to dinner, but ________ of them came. A．neither B．either C．both D．none (　 ) 28.—Is ________ here? —No, Xiao Wang is in the library. A．anybody B．everybody C．somebody D．nobody (　 ) 29.Is there ________ wrong with your TV? A．something B．anything C．nothing D．everything (　 ) 30.Both of these are interesting books. You can borrow ________ of them. A．some B．any C．either D．no (　 ) 31.There are two windows in the room. They ________ face east. A．all B．both C．every D．either (　 ) 32.Here are two dictionaries. You may use ________ of them. A．all B．every C．each D．either (　 ) 33.The teacher put ________ the books he could find on the desk. A．all B．any C．much D．some (　 ) 34.Chen Bin has read lots of stories by Chinese writers, now he would like to read stories by ________ writers from ________ countries. A．some; any B．other; other C．other; some D．some; othe (　 ) 35.I don't think this is a good idea. Have you any ________ suggestion? A．another B．the other C．others D．other (　 ) 36. ________ of us is sure to get good grades in the exam. A．Both B．Every C．Everyone D．Each (　 ) 37. ________ of the three bus lines will take you to the station. A．All B．Either C．Neither D．Both (　 ) 38.Try to make as ________ mistakes as possible in your homework. A．less B．little C．fewer D．few (　 ) 39.I have ________ money with me. Let me pay for you. A．a little B．little C．a few D．few (　 ) 40.Not all students go home on holiday, ________ still stay in the school. A．a little B．none C．a few D．few (　 ) 41.I haven't ________ money with me, but if you want I can give you ________． A．much; many B．many; little C．much; some D．any; much (　 ) 42.I don't think ________ of the answers is correct. A．neither B．either C．both D．all (　 ) 43.Only Li Ming and Wang Ping stayed at school for the wall newspaper. Where are ________？ A．all B．the other C．others D．the others (　 ) 44. ________ of us is working hard to make our country richer and stronger. A．Both B．Every C．Everyone D．Every one (　 ) 45.We need ________ color chalk. Have you got ________？ A．some; some B．some; any C．any; any D．any; some (　 ) 46.If you don't want ________ of those two trains, there is ________ one at 10：30. A．any; another B．either; another C．both; the other D．either; the other (　 ) 47.—Has ________ lost this watch? —Yes, but we can't find out who. A．anybody B．someone C．one D．some (　 ) 48. ________ of them are famous doctors, but ________ of them has been to Britain. A．Both; both B．Neither; neither C．Either; either D．Both; neither U2 情态动词could/can 【语法聚焦一】情态动词 could 的用法 情态动词 could 构成的问句用于委婉地向对方提出请求或征求对方的许可，语气比 can 委婉，但不表示过去，答语没有固定形式，符合语境即可。 1. 委婉地请求他人 可用“Could you do...？""Could you please do.？”提问，被提问方若同意请求可以说 "Certainly. /Of course. /With pleasure./No problem./Yes./Sure. ”；若不同意请求可以说“Sorry,I can't.”。 2. 委婉地请求别人允许自己做某事 3. 可用“Could I do.？”提问，被提问方若同意，可以说"Yes, you can./Certainly. /Sure. ”；若不同 意可以说"No, you can't. / Sorry, I'm afraid you can't. "。注意回答中用can，而不是 could。 【实战演练】 一、用适当形式填空 1.—________ (can) you please buy some snacks for me, mom? —No, I can't. I'm busy cooking. 2.—Could you please________ (lend) me your dictionary? —Yes, here it is. 3.—Could I listen to music? —Yes, you________ (could). 4.He________ (can) play the piano when he was very young. 5.The French book________ (can) be Mary's. She is studying French. 二、单项选择 ( )1. —Could I use the phone, Miss Li? — ___________. A. Yes, you could B. I’m sorry I can’t C. Yes, sure D. No, please ( )2. — Could you please do the dishes? —___________. I’m going to do my homework. A. Sorry, I can’t B. No, I couldn’t 　 C. Yes, you can 　 D. Never ( )3. —Jeff, could you tell me how to order a taxi through “Didi"? —___________. A. You're welcome B. Sure C. Take it easy D. It doesn't matter ( )4. —Could I borrow your bike please? —___________. A. Of course you can B. It doesn't matter C. Yes, I'd love to D. No, thank you ( )5.—Could I use your pencil for a moment, please? —___________. A. Sure B. Really C. Right D. It doesn't matter ( )6. —Could I look at your picture? —Yes, of course you___________. 　 A. could B. can C. will D. Must ( )7.— Could you please pass me the salt? — ___________. A. Sure. Here you are. B. Good idea. C. Thank you. D. I’m sorry to hear that. ( )8. I'm busy.___________you please help me make the bed? A. Could B. May C. Must D. Should ( )9.___________you pass me a pen? I'd like to write down the telephone number. A. Need B. Could C. Must D. Should ( )10. — Could I use your bike for today, Sam? — ___________. I'm not using it. A. No, you can't B. I have no idea C. Sure, go ahead D. Never mind 【语法聚焦二】情态动词can表示请求 情态动词 can 在英文中常用于表达能力，也可以用于表示请求或询问许可。在表示请求时，通常用于询问对方是否有能力或权限去做某事，或者表达自己对对方做某事的期望。它带有一种礼貌和询问的意味，而不是直接命令或要求。 1.请求许可 请求：Can l use your pen, please？请问我能用你的钢笔吗？ 肯定回答：Yes,you can.是的，你可以。 否定回答：Sorry,you can't. I'm using it now.对不起，你不可以。我现在正在用它。 2. 请求对方做某事 请求：Can you pass me the salt, please？请你把盐递给我好吗？ 肯定回答：Of course, I can. Here you are.当然，我可以。给你。 否定回答：I'm sorry. I can't right now. Im busy.对不起。我现在不能。我很忙。 【语法聚焦三】情态动词can与could的区别 1. 基本区别：时间与礼貌程度 （1）Can：表示现在的能力或可能性，语气较直接。 例句: I can speak English. 我能说英语。（表示当前具备的能力） （2）Could：表示过去的能力或更礼貌/委婉的请求/可能性。 例句（过去）：WhenI was young, could run fast.我年轻时跑得很快。 例句（礼貌请求）：Could you pass me the salt？您能把盐递给我吗？ 2.可能性推测 （1）Can：表示理论上的可能性（一般性规律）。 例句: Smoking can cause cancer. 吸烟可能导致癌症。（泛指普遍可能性） （2）Could：表示具体情境下的可能性（较不确定）。 例句：It could rain tomorrow.明天可能会下雨。（推测某件事可能发生，但不确定） 3.请求帮助或许可 （1）Can：用于非正式场合的直接请求 例句：Canl borrow your pen？我能借你的笔吗？ （朋友间常用，语气随意） （2）Could：用于正式或礼貌的请求，更委婉。 例句: Could you help me with thisreport？您能帮我看看这份报告吗？ （对陌生人或上级时更合适） 区别： 场景 Can Could 能力 现在的能力 (I can swim.) 过去的能力 (I could swim at 5.) 请求 非正式（Can you open the door?) 礼貌/正式 (Could you open the door？） 可能性 普遍可能 (Bears can be dangerous.) 具体可能 (He could be late.) 【实战演练】 一、用can 或could 的相关形式填空。 1. He__________swim and I __________sing. 2. She__________read and draw, but she__________write five years ago. 3. Liu Tao__________play basketball when he was a child. 4.I__________use the mobile phone until I was five years old. 5. -What could you do three years ago? -We__________ride a bike to school. 6.I__________go to the party last night because I was sick. 7. -__________Noel cook Italian food? -Yes, he__________. 8. My sister__________swim last year, but now she__________. 9. They__________go shopping yesterday because the store was closed. 10.-__________you read when you were four years old? B: Yes, I__________. 11. Ellie__________ride a bicycle. She rides it to school every day. 12. I'm very tired, so I__________go out to the park to play. 13. -__________you see the moon last night? B: No, I__________. 14. When __________I talk to you about the company report? 15. Most dinosaurs walked on land, but some__________fly or even swim. 16. Excuse me, I__________hear you right now. The music is too loud. 17.I__________drive a truck when I was only sixteen years old. 18. Douglas hit the tree because he__________stop his car. 19. How many hot dogs__________you eat at one time? 20. I__________read without my reading glasses. Where are they? 二、单项选择 ( )1.She screamed a lot but nobody__________heard her voice. A. could B. can C.couldn't D.can't ( )2.You are 17 years old, you__________enter the club at this age. A. can B.can't C. couldn't D.could ( )3.My mother __________play the guitar very well when she was young. A. can B.could C. can't D.couldn't ( )4.She__________ understand five language and __________speak three language A. can/can't B. can/can C. could/can D. could/could ( )5.I__________ play tennis now. I have got a terrible headache. A. could B. can C. can't D. couldn't 拓展： 向别人发出邀请、请求, 建议或征求别人的意见, 还有几种表达方式, 语气比较委婉, 显得客气而有礼貌。 句型结构和含义 例句 Let's + do sth. 咱们做某事吧 Let’s go shopping. 咱们去购物吧 Shall we+ do sth? 我们做某事好吗? Shall we go out for a walk? 我们出去散步好吗? Would you mind(not)+ doing sth? 你介意(不)做某事吗? Would you mind closing the door? 你介意关上门吗? How/ What about doing sth? 做某事怎么样? How about playing basketball? 打篮球怎么样? You’d better(not) do sth 你最好不要做某事 You'd better not read such books. 你最好不要看这样的书 Why don’t you do sth?/Why not do sth? (你)为什么不做某事呢? Why don't you ask your teacher?=Why not ask your teacher? 为什么不问你的老师呢? Would you like (not)to do sth? 你愿意(不)做某事吗? Would you like to have a rest? 你想休息一会儿吗? Would/Could you please ( not) do sth? 请你(不要)做某事好吗? Would you please wait for me? 请你等等我好吗? 【实战演练】 ( )1. What about__________a barbecue this Sunday? A. have B. having C. has D. had ( )2.Let's__________good friends. A. to be B. are C. be D. being ( )3.It's going to rain. Let's__________quickly. A. walk B. walking C. walked D. walks ( )4. Would you like__________some peas? A. to eat B. eating C. eat D. eats ( )5.-__________go to have a picnic? A. What about B. How about C. Would you like D. Why not ( )6. Shall we__________some fruit? A. buying B. buy C. to buy D. bought ( )7.Tomorrow is Tuesday. Why__________you go to school? A. does B.not C.don' t D. doesn' t ( )8. Why not__________to your parents? A. to talk B.talking C.talk D.talked ( )9. —Why__________it again? —OK, I will. A.don't trying B.not to try C.don't you try D.not trying ( )10.__________give him a watch? A. What about B.Let's C. Why don't D.Why don't you ( )11. -Would you mind __________the washing? -I'm busy with my homework. A. do B. does C.doing D.to do ( )12. -It's too hot. Would you mind__________the door? -__________.Please do it now. A. to open; OK B. opening; Certainly not. C. opening; Of course. D. to open; Good ideas. Unit 3形容词、副词比较级 【语法聚焦一】形容词、副词比较级 一、概念： 大多数形容词或副词有三个等级：原级、比较级和最高级。其中比较级表示“更…”, 用于两者(人或事物)之间的比较, 说明“前者比后者更...”。大多数形容词和副词有比较级的变化, 用来表示事物的等级差别，比较级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。 二、构成： 规则变化 单音 节词 或部 分双 音节 词 一般情况在词尾加-er/-est tall—taller/tallest short—shorter/shortest 以字母e结尾的词，直接加-r/-st late—later/latest fine—finer/finest 以重读闭音节结尾+辅音字母的词 双写后一个辅音字母，再加-er/-est big—bigger/biggest fat—fatter/fattest thin—thinner/thinnest wet—wetter/wettest hot—hotter/hottest 以辅音字母+y结尾的，改y为i， 再加-er/est easy—easier/easiest happy—happier/happiest friendly—friendlier/friendliest 多音节词和部分双音节词，在词前加more/most interesting—more interesting/most interesting beautiful—more beautiful/most beautiful popular—more popular/most popular 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best bad/badly/ill worse worst many/much more most little less least far farther/further farthest/furthest 不规则变化 三、比较级基本用法; 1、 在比较时。比较的双方必须是同一类的事物。 My bike is newer than Tom's. 我的自行车比汤姆的新。 2、“... than+ any other+可数名词的单数+范围”结构表示:...比其他任何一个都... Li Ming is much cleverer than any other student in their class. 李明是他们班中最聪明的学生。 3、“the+比较级…, the+比较级...”, 意为“越...就越...”。 The more difficult the questions are, the less likely he is able to answer them.问题越难, 他回答出来的可能性就越小。 4、“the+比较级+ of the two”表示“两者中较……的” Tom is the taller of the two brothers. 汤姆是兄弟俩中个子较高的那个。 5、“单音节过部分双音节词：比较级and比较级和多音节词：more and more+原级”, 两个结构意为“越来越...” I am becoming fatter and fatter. 我变得越来越胖。 The movie became more and more popular. 这部电影越来越受欢迎。 6、as原级as...意为“与...一样...”, 其否定结构not as/so...as...意为“不如...那样...” Tom gets up as early as Jim.汤姆起得和吉姆一样早。 Lucy isn't as outgoing as Mary.= Lucy isn’t so outgoing as Mary. 露西不如玛丽外向。 7.a/an+形容词比较级 The pen is expensive.I want a cheaper one. 这支笔很贵。我想要一支更便宜的。 使用比较级的几个注意： 1、 比较级前面可以用much, a little, a lot, even, a bit等修饰语用以加强语气或表示程度 I am much taller than you. 我比你高很多。 2、 为了避免比较内容重复出现，用that代替天气和人口。 The weather of Harbin is colder than that of Beijing. 哈尔滨的天气比北京冷。 【语法聚焦二】初中阶段 as..as常见的几点用法 一、“as（否定句中可用 so）+adj/ adv +as.”，用于不同人或物之间的比较，意为“…和…一样”。 如：You are as tall as your father.你与你的父亲一样高。 I can't run as fast as I used to. 我不如以前跑得快了。 【注】在非正式文体中，第二个as 后可以用人称代词宾格形式来代替“主格+动词”，如： She doesn't sing as well as me. =She doesn't sing as well as I do. 她唱歌没我唱得好。 二、as...as 用于倍数表达，倍数置于第一个 as之前，即，倍数+as...as ＋其他。如： This house is twice as big as that one. 这幢房子是那幢的两倍大。 It took three times as long as I expected to finish thework.完成这项工作花的时间是我预计的三倍。 三、当as..as 中间有名词时，用以下结构： （1） as +形容词 +a+单数名词+as如： She has as good a voice as you. 她和你的嗓音一样好。 （2） as +many / much + 名词 +as如： We want to invite as many people as possible in the celebrations. 我们想邀请尽可能多的人参加庆典。 Take as much time as you like.你想花多少时间就花多少时间。 四、as much / deep / tall /heavy.+as +数量（表度量衡、时间），用以强调而非比较，意为“多达⋯，深达..，高 达“，重达…”等。如： Some of these fish can weigh as much as 80kg.一些鱼重达80公斤。 There were as many as 200people at the lecture. 听讲的有200人之多。 五、as..as 不表示比较的几个常见句型。 1.as quickly /much /soon /... as possible 尽可能⋯ Tell him as little as possible. 尽量少告诉他。 2. as soon as 引导时间状语从句，意为“一…就⋯”。 We'll call you as soon as we arrive at Shenzhen Airport. 一到深圳机场，我们就打电话给你。 3.as long as 引导条件状语从句，意为“只要”。 We'll go as long as the weather is good. 只要天气好我们就去。 【注】区别“和……一样久”。 I haven't known him as long as you （have known him）. 我认识他的时间没有你长。 4. as well as 引出并列成分，意为“除……之外；也；还”。 He agrees with you as well as me.不但我同意你，他也同意你。 【注】区别“和……一样好”。 She doesn 't play as well as her sister.她演奏得不如她姐姐好。 【实战演练】 一、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级和最高级 1. tall— / 2. short— / 3. late— / 4. fine— / 5. big— / 6. fat— / 7. wet— / 8. hot— / 9. easy— / 10. happy— / 11. friendly— / 12. interesting— / 13. beautiful— / 14. popular— / 15. few— / 16. old— / 二、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级和最高级 1. 2. good/well— / 3. bad/badly/ill— / 4. many/much— / 5. little— / 6. far— / 三、根据句意, 用所括号内所级形容词的比较等级形式填空。 1. Your classroom is _____________ (wide) and ______________ (bright) than ours. 2. Lucy is not as ______________ (old) as Lily. 3. Almost all the students' faces are the same but Tim looks ______________ (thin) than before. 4. Which is ______________ (heavy), a hen or a chicken? 5. The ______________ (much), the _______________ (good). 6. He is ______________ (good) at learning maths, but he is much ______________ (good) at Chinese. 7. A dictionary is much ________________ (expensive) than a story-book. 8. An orange is a little ______________ (big) than an apple, but much ______________ (small) than a watermelon. 9. Sue is a little ________________ (beautiful) than her sister. 10. My room is not as ___________ (big) as my brother' s. 11. I think it' s too expensive. I' d like a _____________ (cheap) one. 12. Annie plays the piano very ______________ (well). But Sue plays it ______________ (well) than Annie. 13. She is a little ________________ (careful) than her classmates. 14. Which book is ______________ (easy), this one or that one? 15. He comes to school much _______________ (early) than I. 16. This book is not as ________________ (interesting) as that one. 17. The ______________ (high) you climb, the ______________ (cold) it will be. 18. Jack sings ______________ (good), he sings ______________ (well) than Tom. 19. This radio is not so ______________ as that one. (cheap) 20. It is much ______________ today than yesterday. (hot) 四、单项选择 ( )1.It’s not cool but it isn’t as__________as yesterday. A. hot B. hotter C. hottest D. the hottest ( )2. Your book is newer than__________. A. I B. me C. my D. mine ( )3. Tom drives__________than me. A. much more careful B. as careful as C. even more carefully D. as more carefully ( )4. Which do you like__________, tea or milk? A. the best B. better C. the better D. best ( )5. This book is__________of the two. A. thinner B. the thinner C. more thinner D. the thinnest ( )6. She looks__________than she really is. A. the more younger B. much younger C. very younger D. more younger ( )7. Our country is becoming__________. A. more beautiful and more B. more beautiful and beautiful C. more and more beautiful D. more beautiful and beautifuler ( )8. I think science is__________than Japanese. A. much important B. important C. much more important D. more much important ( )9.It will be bad for your health to eat__________food and take__________exercise.   A. fewer; more  B. more; fewer    C. less; more    D. more; less  ( )10._______you study, ________grades you will get. A. The hard, the good B. The harder, the better C. Harder, better D. The better, the harder ( )11. She looks__________than she does. A. many older B. very older C. much older D. more older ( )12. The cake looks__________and it tastes even__________. A. well; good B. nice; better C. good; worse D. better; best ( )13. Of the two skirts, Lucy chose__________one. A. less expensive B. the least expensive C. the less expensive D. the most expensive ( )14. China is larger than__________in Asia. A. any other country B. other countries C. the other country D. any country ( )15. When spring comes, it gets__________. A. warm and warm B. colder and colder C. warmer and warmer D. shorter and shorter ( )16.I hope my school life of senior high will be__________than that of junior high. A. more exciting  B. very exciting C. as exciting as   D. the most exciting ( )17.—We should go to school by bus instead of by car. —Yeah, _____ cars we use, ______ pollution there will be.   A. fewer, less    B. less, fewer    C. the less, the fewer   D. the fewer, the less ( )18. The weather in Beijing is colder than__________in Sanya. A. it B. them C. that D. this ( )19.—Sarah is chosen as the guide for the Fashion Show. —Great! No one speaks English__________her. A. as beautiful as     B. as badly as      C. worse than     D. better than ( )20. Write__________and try not to make any mistakes. A. as careful as possible B. as carefully as you can C. most careful D. more careful ( )21.Which do you like , tea or coffee? A. well B. better C. best D. most ( )22.This work is for me than for you. A. difficult B. most difficult C. much difficult D. more difficult ( )23.—It’s so cold today. —Yes, it’s than it was yesterday. A. more cold 　 B. more colder 　 C. much colder 　 D. cold ( )24.Lin Tao is as as Zhang Hua.　　 A. strong B. stronger　　 C. strongest D. the strongest ( )25.When spring comes, it gets . A. warm and warm B. colder and colder C. warmer and warmer D. shorter and shorter ( )26.I like one of the two books. A. the older B. oldest C. the oldest D. older ( )27. careful you are, mistakes you will make. A. The more; the more B. The fewer; the more C. The more; the fewer D. The less; the less ( )28.If there are trees, the air in our city will be cleaner. A. less; more B. more; more C. more; much D. much; more ( )29. The Changjiang River is longer than river in China. A. another B. any C. other D. any other ( )30.My life will be better than it is now. A. a lot B. a lot of C. a few D. more ( )31.David is taller than in his class. A. any student B. the others students C. any other student D. the other student ( )32.. The turkey tastes the chicken. A. as better as B. much better than C. as well as D. the best to ( )33.Most of the people in Guangdong are getting . A. more and rich B. more rich and more rich C. richer and richer D. rich and rich ( )34. Write__________and try not to make any mistakes. A. as careful as possible B. as carefully as you can C. most careful D. more careful ( )35. he read the book, he got in it. A. The more; the more interesting B. The less; the more interesting C. The more; the more interested D. More; more interested Unit 4形容词、副词最高级 一、概念 当对三者或三者以上的人或事物进行比较, 表示“最…”的含义时, 需要用最高级。形容词最高级前面一般需要加定冠词the, 副词最高级前的the可以省略。 Mike is the most talented in music in our class.在我们班迈克是最有音乐天赋的。 She sings (the )most beautifully.他唱得最动听。 2、 最高级基本用法： 1、表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时, 用最高级形式。形容词最高级前一般要加定冠词the, 句末常跟一个in/of短语来表示范围。 Shanghai is the biggest city in China.上海是中国最大的城市。 注意;在表示最高级的句子中常含有表示比较范围的in或of. of后一般接表示一群人或事物的代词/名词;in后一般接表示单位/场所的名词。 2、one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数结构，表示“最…的…之一”时 Beijing is one of the largest cities in China. 北京是中国最大的城市之一。 3、“the+序数词+形容词最高级+名词”, 表示“第几最...的” The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 黄河是中国第二长河。 【实战演练】 一、完成句子 1. The Changjiang River is__________________(long) river in China 2. Qomolangma is the__________________(tall) mountain in the world. 3. This watermelon is__________________(big) of all. 4. The food in this supermarket is__________________(fresh ) in town. 5. July is the__________________(最热的) month in a year in China. 6. Daniel likes playing computer games. He always plays__________________(好) of all. 7. I think Mary sang__________________(well) of all. 8. The girl is quieter than any other girl in our class.=The girl is___________________of all the girls in our class. 9. 黄河是中国的第二长的河。The Yellow River is __________________________river in China.   10. 李梅比她班里的其他任何学生都高。 Li Mei is taller ____________ ____________ _____________ student in her class. 11. 李明是我们队个子最高的队员, 他(球)打得也最棒。 Li Ming is _____________ ______________ player in our team, and he plays____________ ____________. 12. 天安门广场比北京任何其他广场都大。 Tian'anmen Square is bigger than____________ ____________square in Beijing. 13. 位于中心大街的那家超市拥有最好的服务。 The supermarket on the Center Street has ____________ _____________ service. 14. 城里哪家店的衣服最贵? Which has the _________ ___________ clothes __________ ___________ ? 15. 我的相机比你的价格便宜得多。My camera is ___________ _________ _____________ yours. 16. 成龙是最受欢迎的动作片演员之一。 Jackie Chan is one of _____________ ________________ ______________ action movie actors. 1. 二、单项选择 ( )1.Li Ming is___________of all in my class. A. the tallest B. taller C. tall D. tallest ( )2.—Which is___________, Town Cinema, Screen City or Movie Palace? —Movie Palace. A. popular B. more popular C. the most popular D.the popularest ( )3.This temple (寺庙) is one of___________buildings in the town. A. old B. older C. oldest D. the oldest ( )4.Linda is the second__________one in our class. A. tall B. taller C. tallest D. the tallest ( )5.—I want to buy a shirt, but I have a little money. —The shirts here are all very cheap. And the yellow one is__________. Do you like it? A. cheap B. cheaper C. the cheapest D. cheapest ( )6.—Who is__________player in our school football team? —Wang Hai, I think. A. the worst B. worst C. better D. best ( )7.—Which month has__________days in a year? —February. A. few B. little C. the least D. the fewest ( )8.—Whose home is__________away from school in our class? —Liu Mei's. A. farther B. far C. the farthest D. near ( )9.—Have you been to the new park near the river? —Yes. It's one of__________parks in the city. A. beautiful B. more beautiful C. most beautiful D. the most beautiful ( )10.As we know, the Yangtze River is one of__________rivers in the world. A.long B. longer C. longest D. the longest 【形容词比较级最高级综合练习】 二、根据句意，用括号中形容词的适当形式填空。 1.Ofthe three boys, Jim is___________(short) one. 2. It is cold today. It will be a little___________(cold) tomorrow. 3. Who is the___________(young), Tom or Jack? 4. The tree grows___________and___________(tall). 5. A much___________(small) number of students passed the test than I expected. 6. I think this room is much___________(big) than that one. 7. There are three boxes in the room. The blue one is___________, but the yellow one is___________than the blue one. The red one is the___________(heavy) 8. Every day I am___________, but today is the___________day I have ever had. (busy), 9. I think seafood is the___________(delicious) food in the restaurant. 10. Amy is the__________(clever) girl in our school. 11. Working hard is the___________(important) thing for us now. 12. It's one of the___________(interesting) stories I have read. 13. He is___________(short) than any other boy in his class. 14. Of the two girls, I find Lucy is___________(smart). 15. Alice is not as___________(tall) as Mike. 16. He is___________at learning maths. He is much___________at Chinese and he is___________at English (bad) . 17. An orange is a little___________(big) than an apple,but much___________(small) than a watermelon. 18. The Changjiang River is___________(long) river in China. 19. I think it's too expensive. I'd like a___________(cheap) one. 20.Gold（黄金）is.___________(little) useful than iron(铁). 二、单项选择 ( )1.David is taller than__________in his class. A. any student B. the others students C. any other student D. the other student ( )2.—Who’s__________at English than Tara? —Tina is. She works much__________. A. good; hard B. better; hard C. better; harder D. good; harder ( )3.—Which city is__________beautiful, Hangzhou, Beijing or Shanghai? —Hangzhou, I think. A. the most B. the better C. more D. the best ( )4. Nick didn’t do very__________in the final exam, but his scores are__________than last year’s。 A. good; better B. bad; worse C. well; worse D. well; better ( )5. The fish tastes__________the chicken. A. as better as B. much better than C. as well as D. the best to ( )6.My cousin doesn’t study English__________as__________. A. as good; mine B. as well; mine C. as good; me D. so well; me ( )7.Among the four seas off the coast of China, East China Sea is the second__________ A. deep    B. deeper    C. deepest D. the deepest ( )8.No mountain in the world is as__________as Qomolangma. A. high B. higher C. highest D.highly ( )9.Bill is stronger than__________in our school. A. any other student B. other students C. the other student D. any student ( )10.—I do a lot of exercise, eat__________vegetables and__________meat than I did last year. —That’s why you’re getting thinner. A. fewer; more    B. more; less    C. less; more     D. many; much ( )11.—Tom, are you___________ boy in your class? —No, but John is. I'm shorter than him. A. the tallest B. the shortest C. the youngest D. the oldest ( )12.She loves football because she thinks it's___________among all sports. A. interesting B. more interesting C. the most interesting D. the most important language ( )13.—Who ran___________of all in the sports meeting? —Hector did, I think. A. fast B. faster C. the fastest D. more fast ( )14. Which is___________, the sun, the earth or the moon? A.big B. bigger C. the biggest D. biggest ( )15.The store sells their clothes___________in town. A.cheapest B. the cheapest C.the most cheaply D. the cheapliest ( )16.—A number of volunteers___________willing to teach in China's rural areas. —Yes, the number of volunteers is getting___________. A.is; bigger and bigger B. are; bigger and bigger C.is; more and more D. are; more and more ( )17.Who jumped___________of all? A. far B. farther C. farthest D. the most far ( )18.—I think computers are___________more important than radios. —I don' t agree with you. A. much B. very C too D. so ( )19.He is very rich, but that day he bought__________bike to save money for the poor children. A. an expensive  B. a more expensive C. the more cheaper D. the cheapest ( )20.—We should go to school by bus instead of by car. —Yeah,___________cars we use,___________pollution there will be.   A. fewer; less    B. less; fewer    C. the less; the fewer   D. the fewer; the less ( )21. English is one of___________spoken in the world. A. the important languages B. the most important languages C. most important language D. the most important language ( )22.Snoopy is more famous than___________in the world. A. any dog B. the others dogs C. any other dog D. the other dog ( )23.David is growing fast. He is even___________than his father. A.tall  B.taller    C.tallest   D.the tallest ( )24. This book is__________of the two. A.thinner B. the thinner C. more thinner D. the thinnest ( )25.—How do you like the book you read yesterday? —Oh! It’s one of___________books I’ve ever read. A. interesting  B. more interesting   C. most interesting   D. the most interesting Unit 5 感叹句 【语法聚焦一】感叹句的句式 一、用what 引导的感叹句有三种句式 1.What + a/ an +形容词＋可数名词单数 十主语＋谓语！如：What an old building that is ： 2. What + 形容词十可数名词复数形式十主语十谓语！例如：What beautiful flowers these are！ 3. What +形容词＋不可数名词＋主语＋谓语！如：What thick ice we are having here！ 二、用how 开头的感叹句有四种句式 1.How＋形容词十主语（名词复数或不可数名词）＋谓语！如：How beautiful the flowers are！ 2.How +形容词 +a/an 十可数名词单数 十主语十谓语！如：How kind a man he is！ 3.How +副词十主语十谓语！如：How well she sings！ 4.How + 主语＋谓语！如：How she dances！ 她跳舞跳得多好啊！ 注意：what 和how 引起的感叹句，在口语中常可以省略主语、谓语或其它句子成分。如： How cold (it is)! What a good girl! What delicious fish! 【实战演练】 1、 用what 或how 填空。 1.___________a clever boy he is ! 2.___________well she dances! 3.___________quiet the park is! 4.___________carefully his father works! 5.___________noisy they are making! 6.___________delicious soup! 7.___________a heavy snow! 8.___________an old bike Li Lei is riding! 9.__________an exciting moment it is! 10.__________a delicious supper we're having ! 11.___________fine weather it is today! 12.___________ fast the boys are running! 13.___________ delicious the mooncakes are! 14.___________surprising news it is! 15.___________a good time we're having today! 二、把下列的句子改为感叹句（答案不唯一）。 1. Jill is drawing a beautiful picture. ________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Mr Wang is a busy man. ________________________________________________________________________________ 3. The cat is very happy. ________________________________________________________________________________ 4. The turtle is going very slowly. ________________________________________________________________________________ 5. He is very lucky. ________________________________________________________________________________ 6. It is a wet day today. ________________________________________________________________________________ 7. They started early. ________________________________________________________________________________ 8. They waited a long time. ________________________________________________________________________________ 9. He is wearing a large shirt. ________________________________________________________________________________ 10. The dolphin is playing happily. ________________________________________________________________________________ 三、单项选择 ( )1．_______ good day! Why not take a walk along the sea? A．What B．What a C．How D．How a ( )2．________ interesting movie it is! I want to see it again. A．What B．What an C．How D．How a ( )3.—________ clean the classroom is! —So it is. The students clean it every day. A．How B．What C．What a D．How a ( )4．________ brave（勇敢的） the young man is! A．What a B．How C．What D．How a ( )5．________ good book you offered us! It really helps us a lot. A．How B．How a C．What D．What a ( )6．_______ exciting singing contest they had yesterday! A．What B．How C．What an D．How an ( )7．________ beautiful gift it is! It reminds me of my childhood. A．What B．What a C．What an D．How ( )8．—Look! Jeff is helping a blind man cross the road. （过马路） —________ helpful he is! We should learn from him. A．How B．What C．What a D．How an ( )9．—It has been rainy for a week. —________ bad weather it is! A．How B．What a C．What D．How an ( )10．________ nice the girl looks in a red dress! I want to buy one for my daughter. A．What a B．What C．How D．How an ( )11．________ great basketball player Kobe Bryant was! D．How an A．What a B．What C．How D．How an ( )12．—It’s spring now. The trees are green and the flowers come out. —Yes. ________nice season! A．What B．What a C．How D．How an ( )13．_______ good idea these young people have! I’ve never heard about a more creative one. A．How B．How a C．What D．What a ( )14．— _______ interesting science class we had today! — Yes! Now I know more about how the earth and the sun moves! A．How B．What an C．What a D．How an ( )15．— ________ useful book it is for us to improve our English! — Yeah, I believe I’ll make a great progress with it. A．How B．What C．What a D．What an ( )16．Look! ________ dirty the water is! A．How B．What C．What a D．How an ( )17．___________ beautiful the flowers are! A．How B．What C．What a D．What an ( )18．—The students go to the old people’s home every week to help the old. —________ kind children they are! A．How B．How a C．What a D．What ( )19．________ We can have a party to celebrate it. A．What terrible weather it is! B．What exciting news it is! C．How hardworking he is! D．How boring the party is 资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】 Unit 6 一般将来时be going to 【语法聚焦一】一般将来时be going to 一、概念： “be going to+动词原形”是一种固定结构, 在句中作谓语, 其形式是现在进行时, 表达的却是将来的动作或状态。表示将要发生的动作或安排, 或打算、计划、决定要做的事。 be动词随主语的人称和数的变化而变化。 He is going to learn a new language他打算学习一门新语言。 They are going to have a class meeting他们打算开一次班会。 二、句式变化： 各种句式变化借助be动词完成。 肯定句 主语+ be going to+动词原形+其他. I'm going to see my friends this weekend这个周末我打算去看我的朋友。 否定句 主语+ be not going to+动词原形+其他 I'm not going to see my friends this weekend 这个周末我不打算去看我的朋友。 一般疑问句 Be+主语+ going to+动词原形+其他? 肯定回答:Yes, 主语+be 否定回答:No, 主语+ be not —Are you going to see your friends this weekend?这个周末你打算去看你的朋友吗? —Yes, I am是的, 我打算去。 —No, I’m not. 不, 我不打算去。 特殊疑问句 疑问词+be+主语+ going to+动词原形+其他? When are you going to see your friends? 你打算什么时候去看你的朋友? 用法： 1.表示主观上打算在将来要做某事, 常与tomorrow, this (afternoon),next (year),one day, now, soon, someday, sometime, in the future, when连用。 明天我要去看我的好朋友。I'm going to see my good friend tomorrow. 下个星期日他将去游览颐和园。He is going to visit the Summer Palace next Sunday. 2.表示即将发生的事。 她九点钟要到车站接她父亲。She is going to meet her father at the station at 9: 00 3.表示根据迹象主观判断肯定将要发生的事。 看那些云, 天要下雨了。Look at those clouds. It's going to rain. 快点吧!你们要迟到了。Hurry up! You are going to be late. 4.表示计划好了的、将来要做的事。 运动会将在八月份召开。The sports meeting is going to be held in August. 这家公园将于11月开放。The park is going to open in November. 5. be going to后面的动词如果是go, come, leave等时, 可以直接用这些动词的现在进行时表示将来的打算或肯定将要发生的动作。 他很快就要来这儿。He is coming here soon. 李先生将离开上海前往北京。Mr Li is leaving Shanghai for Beijing. 6. be going to用在 there be句型中, to后的动词原形应用be, 而不用其他动词。 今天下午将有一场篮球比赛。There is going to be a basketball match this afternoon. 7.表示“打算去某处”, 可直接用be going to+地点(名词)。此处going表示“去”, to是介词。但接副词时, 省略to。 我们打算去北京度假。We are going to Beijing for a holiday. 她打算和吉姆去那里。She is going there with Jim. 注意: 以下情况不宜用 be going to结构： 1.表示临时决定将要做某事时 有人敲门, 我去开门。Someone is knocking at the door, and I will open it. 2.表示客观必然发生的事时 明天是星期天。Tomorrow will be Sunday. 【实战演练】 1、 单项选择 ( )1.It’s going to__________tomorrow. A. raining B. rainy C. rained D. rain ( )2.There__________a basketball match between Class One and Class Three this afternoon. A. is going to be B. will have C. are going to be D. is going to have ( )3.I__________a foreign language next year. A. will be learn B. am going to learn C. learn D. learning ( )4.The sky looks so grey. I think it__________. A. is snowing B. is going to snow C. is to snow D. snows ( )5.—What are you going to__________when you__________up? —I am going to be a scientist. A. do; grew B. does; grow C. be; grow D.do; grows ( )6.Next week he__________his pen pal in London. A. is going to visit B. visit C. visits D. visited ( )7. They__________a picnic tomorrow. A. have B. is having C. are going to have D. had ( )8. Next Monday Lily__________to Paris on vacation. A. is going B. goes C. go D. went ( )9. She__________a math teacher when she grows up. A. is B. be C. am D. is going to be ( )10. Ms. Green__________her e-mails next week. A. checks B. is checking C. checked D. is going to check ( )11. There__________an important meeting tomorrow afternoon. A.is going to have B.are going to have C.are going to be D.is going to be ( )12.When is she__________singing lessons? A. goes to take B. go to take C. going to take D. goes taking ( )13.Where__________you__________next September? A. do; to study B. are; going to study C. are; study D. do; going to study ( )14.There__________football match between Class 1 and Class 3 tomorrow. A.is going to B.is going to be C.is going to have D.are going to be ( )15.__________your brother__________a magazine from the library? A. Are; going to borrow B. Is; going to borrow C. Will; borrows D. Are; going to borrows ( )16. Next week I__________a party. A. am going to have B. had C. is having D. has ( )17. When Sonia grows up, she__________a tennis player. A. is B. are C. is going to be D. am ( )18. Next year, the Greens__________the soccer team. A. made B. makes C. are going to make D. is going to make ( )19. Well, my parents say they__________a new camera next weekend. A. is going to buy B. are going to buy C. bought D. buys ( )20. Next Sunday we__________West Farm with our friends. A. are going to B. is going to C. goes D. went ( )21. Tonight Mike__________a welcome party for his cousin from the USA. A. is going to have B. be going to have C. are going to have D. am going to have ( )22. In an hour I__________you a recording for Mike's program. A. is sending B. am sending C. am going to send D. sent ( )23. Jimmy__________an engineer when he__________up. A. is; grows B. is; is going to grow C. is going to be; grows D. is going to be; is going to grow ( )24. —Why are you in such a hurry, John? —There__________a basketball match between Class Three and our class in ten minutes. A. is going to be B. is going to have C. will have D. will hold ( )25.We__________have a picnic together with our teachers next Thursday A. are going B. are going to C. will going D. may going to 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 二、按适当形式填空 1. John_________(be) going_________(go) to be hot next month. 2. It is__________(have) an English class tomorrow. 3. They__________ (not be) going to do their homework in the afternoon. 4.__________(be) the teacher and students going to visit Beijing next year? 5.__________(be) Mary going to give a talk tomorrow? Unit 7 一般将来时will 【语法聚焦一】一般将来时will 一、概念:表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态, 或将来某一时间内经常发生的动作或状态。 二、构成： will/shall+动词原形, will在名词或代词后常简缩为’ll, will not常简缩为won’t。 一般说来, shall用于第一人称, will用于第一、二、三人称。在现代英语中, shall常用will代替, 可以说 I will go. /We will go. 在疑问句中, 主语为第一人称(I和we)时, 常用助动词 shall. 3、 时间标志词： in+一段时间, tomorrow, next year/week/month/hour/day,in the future, soon, from now on, some day, this year/term/week Will people use money in100 years? 100年以后人们还会使用钱吗? 句式变化： 例词 肯定式 否定式 一般疑问式 be I/we shall be... He/She/It/You/They will be... I/we shall not be... He/She/It/You/They will not be... Shall I/we be...? Will you/he/she/it/they be...? 肯定回答: Yes, 主语+will/shall 否定回答: No, 主+won’t/shan’t do I/we shall do... He/She/It/You/They will do... I/we shall not do... He/She/It/You/They will not do... Shall I/we do...? Will you/he/she/it/they do...? 一般将来时的用法: ①表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态, 常与表示将来的时间状语连用。 如: next week, tomorrow, this afternoon, in a month, soon 等 I will go swimming this afternoon. 今天下午我将去游泳。 —Will you be free tomorrow?你们明天有空吗? —Yes, we will.是的, 我们有空。 ②表示将来经常发生的动作。 From now on I will come for the newspaper every Monday. 从现在起每周一我会来取报纸。 ③一般现在时表将来: 1).表示按规定或时间表预计要发生的动作, 用一般现在时表将来, 这样的动词有 start, leave, come, go等 The term starts on September 1st 这个学期将于9月1日开学。 2).在时间或条件状语从句中, 要用一般现在时表示将来 We will have a sports meeting if it doesn’t rain next Friday. 如果下周五不下雨, 我们将举行一次运动会。 ④.现在进行时表将来: 某些表示趋向性或转移性的动词, 如come, go, fly, arrive, leave等, 常用现在进行时表示将来 They are flying to Guangdong next Sunday下周日他们将飞往广东 We are leaving for Beijing tomorrow明天我们将动身去北京。 ⑤. be about to+动词原形 和 be to+动词原形 表示即将发生的动作 The train is about to start. 辨析：“ will/shall+动词原形”与“ be going to+动词原形”的区别 will/shall+动词原形 表示较远的将来时间要发生的事情 表明说话者的主观意愿 没有“计划、准备”的意思 be going to+动词原形 表示近期就要发生的事情 根据客观迹象表明马上要发生的事情 含有“计划、准备”的意思 He will write a book one day将来有一天他会写本书。 He is going to write a letter tonight.他今晚要写封信。 I hope it will be warm tomorrow.我希望明天会暖和起来。 Look at the clouds. There is going to be a storm看这些云, 暴风雨就要来了。 He will be twenty years old.他就要20岁了。 I'm going to see her tomorrow我打算明天去看她。 拓展： 1. there be句型与一般将来时 Do you think there will be robots in peoples homes? 你认为人们家里将会有机器人吗? there will be意为“将有;会有”, 是 there be句型的一般将来时, 可以与 There is/are going to be.进行句式转换。 There will be a film this evening.今晚将有一场电影 构成： 肯定句结构:There will be+主语+其他 或There is/are going to be+主语+其他 There will be a talk show tonight. = There is going to be a talk show tonight. 今天晚上将会有一个访谈节目。 否定句结构：There won’t be+主语+其他 或 There is/are not going to be +主语+其他 There won’t be more cars in the future将来不会有更多的汽车。 一般疑问句结构：“Will there be+主语+其他?” 肯定答语：Yes, there will. 否定答语: No, there won’t. Is/Are there going to be +主语… 肯定答语：Yes, there is/are . 否定答语: No, there isn’t/aren’t. —Will there be more cars in the future?将来会有更多的汽车吗? —Yes, there will.是的, 会有。 —No, there won’t.不, 不会有。 【实战演练】 1、 单项选择 ( )1.The girl__________a new computer for herself next year. A. buy B. buys C. is buying D. will buy ( )2.Steven’s parents__________him off at the airport tomorrow. A. will see B. saw C. see D. has seen ( )3.Lucy and her friend__________at the airport in half an hour. They are going to Taiwan. A. met B. meet C. have met D. will meet ( )4.Mr. Winter will come back from the US in__________. A. Monday B. two o' clock C. next month D. two days ( )5.I’m going to the park__________. A. this weekend B. on this weekend C. last weekend D.weekend ( )6.I__________a foreign language next year. A. will be learn B. am going to learn C. learn D. learning ( )7.—Mike, why did you copy Lisa’s homework again? —Sorry, Miss Smith, I__________do it again. A. won’t ever B. will never C. won’t never D. can’t ( )8.—Where is the morning paper? —I__________it for you at once. A. get B. getting C. to get D. will get ( )9.—Why are you in such a hurry, Mike? —There__________a friendly basketball match in ten minutes. A. is going to have B. will have C. will be D. are going to ( )10.There__________an English film next week. A. will have B. is going to have C. are going to be D. is going to be ( )11.Charlie________here next month. A. isn’t working B. doesn’t working C. isn’t going to working D. won’t work ( )12.He________very busy this week, he__________free next week. A. will be;is B. is;is C. will be;will be D. is;will be ( )13.—__________you__________free tomorrow? —No. I__________free the day after tomorrow. A. Are; going to; will B. Are; going to be; will C. Are; going to; will be D. Are; going to be; will be ( )14.Mother__________me a nice present on my next birthday. A. will gives B. will give C. gives D. give ( )15.__________a concert next Saturday? A. There will be B. Will there be C. There can be D. There are ( )16.He______in three days. A. coming back B. came back C. will come back D. is going to coming back ( )17.The train______at 11. A. going to arrive B. will be arrive C. is going to D. is arriving ( )18.—Will his parents go to see the Terra Cotta Warriors tomorrow? —No, ______. A. they willn't. B. they won't C. they aren't. D. they don't. ( )19.Who______you______swimming with tomorrow afternoon? A. will; go B. do; go C. will; going D. shall; go ( )20.—__________a new film in Star Cinema this weekend? —Yes, There__________often new films at the weekend. A. Is there going to have; will be B. Will there have; are C. Will there be; will be D. Is there going to be; are ( )21.There__________a basketball match between Class One and Class Three this afternoon. A.b is going to be B.will have C. are going to be D. is going to have ( )22.—Do you know__________a wonderful football match and two basketball matches on July 15th? —Yeah. I am going to watch them on that day. A. there will be B. there will have C. there are D. there have ( )23.The day after tomorrow they______a volleyball match. A. will watching B. watches C. is watching D. are going to watch ( )24.The______an English evening next Sunday. A. are having B. are going to have C. will having D. is going to have ( )25.______you______free next Sunday? A. Will; are B. Will; be C. Do; be D. Are; be 二、完成句子 1. Tom and Jack will play basketball this Saturday.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______Tom and Jack play basketball? 2. We will have a maths test tomorrow. (改为否定句） We______ ______a maths test tomorrow. 3.Alice will go to the park with her grandparents.（改为一般疑问句） ______ Alice______to the park with her grandparents? 4. Will your uncle buy you a new schoolbag？（做否定回答） No,______ ______. 5. Alice often goes to the market to buy things.（用 this afternoon 改为一般将来时） Alice______ ______to the market to buy things this afternoon. Unit 8 条件状语从句 【语法聚焦一】条件状语从句 if引导的条件状语从句 if意为“如果”, 表示正面条件, 引导条件状语从句, 既可放在主句前面, 也可放在主句后面。 If you go to the party, you'll have a great time. 如果你去参加聚会, 你将会玩得很开心。 My mother will take me to the park if she is free我妈妈如果有空, 就会带我去公园 考点： if条件句的时态搭配 1.if从句用一般现在时, 主句用一般将来时 (主将从现) If he runs, he'll get there in time.如果他用跑的, 他就会及时赶到那儿。 The cat will scratch you if you pull her tail如果你拉猫的尾巴, 它就会抓你。 2.if从句用一般现在时, 主句谓语含may/ might/can(主情从现) If the fog gets thicker, the plane may be diverted. 如果再大一些, 飞机可能就会改在别的机场降落。 If it stops snowing, we can go out. 如果雪停了, 我们就可以出去。 3.if从句用一般现在时, 主句是祈使句。(主祈从现) Work hard if you want to get good grades. 你如果想取得好成绩, 就要努力学习。 unless引导条件状语从句 unless意为“除非;如果不”, 引导条件状语从句, 相当于if...not... I won't go to his party unless he invites me. =If he doesn’t invite me, I won’t go to his party. 如果他不邀请我, 我将不会参加他的聚会。 考点： 当主句用一般将来时或是祈使句时, unless引导的从句常用一般现在时。(主将从现/主祈从现) There will be more pollution unless people drive less. 如果人们不少开车, 将会有更多污染。 Don't pour the water into the river unless you make sure it is clean enough. 不要把水倒进河里, 除非你们保证它足够干净。 区分if引导的条件状语从句和if引导的宾语从句 在条件状语从句中, if表示“如果”；而在宾语从句中, if表示“是否”。可以用从句前置法区分, if引导的条件状语从句, 可以放在主句之前并用逗号隔开, 也可放在主句之后；而if引导的宾语从句只能放在主句之后。因此如果把if放在主句之前, 句子通顺, 意义不变, 则是条件从句, 否则是宾语从句。 He will help you if you ask him. = If you ask him, he will help you. 如果你问他, 他会帮助你。 1、 用所给词的适当形式填空 1. If I come, I ______________( see ) you.  2. If it is fine, we______________( go ) for a walk.  3. If it rains tomorrow, they______________( stay ) at home.  4. You will spoil it if you______________( not be ) careful.  5. We will be very much pleased if you______________( come ). 6. If you______________(feel) tired, you______________ (have) to have a rest. 7. Where______________he ____________ (see) the film if he______________(have) time? 8. If there______________ (be) fewer trees, there______________(be) more pollution(污染). 9. If Marcia______________(live) alone, she______________(keep) a pet dog. 10. Lana______________(buy) a new dress if the old one______________(be) out of style. 11. If Mr. Green__________(say) I am hard- working, my parents__________(feel) glad. 12. I__________(go) to the beach if it__________(not rain) this week. 13. __________they__________(have) a match if the P.E. teacher__________(be) not busy? 14. He__________(write) a letter to his grandparents if he__________(get) his report card this week. 15. If she__________(get) up late, she__________(not catch) the early bus. 二、单项选择 ( )1.Why not ask your teacher for help__________you don't know it? A. if B. that C. though D. whether ( )2. I’ll give the book to him if he__________here next Sunday. A. will come B. comes C. is coming D. came ( )3.We will have a sports meeting if it__________rain tomorrow. A. won’t B. isn't C. don't D. doesn't ( )4. If you__________to the party, you’ll have a great time. A. will go B. went C. go D. going ( )5. — What are you going to do tomorrow? —We’ll go to the library tomorrow if it__________. A. isn’t rain B. rain C. won’t rain D. doesn’t rain ( )6. —The book seems a little boring. —You won’t enjoy it__________you put your heart into it. A. when B. if C. after D. unless ( )7.–Do you know if we will go to the cinema tomorrow? —I think we’ll go if we__________too much homework. A. will have B. had C. won’t D. don’t have ( )8. —We will go for a picnic if it________this Sunday. —Sounds great. A. won’t rain B. is sunny C. will be sunny D. isn’t sunny ( )9. —I don’t know if Sam__________. —Don’t worry. I will tell you if he__________. A. will come; comes B. comes; will come C. will come; will come D. comes; comes ( )10. I want to know if there__________sports meeting next month. If they__________it , I must get good ready for it. A. is; will hold B. will be; hold C. is; hold D. will be; will hold ( )11. The sports meet will continue________it rains this afternoon. A. if B. until C. as soon as D. unless ( )12.—Jeff, could you tell me if it __________ tomorrow. If it ___________ tomorrow, I will stay at home. —It’s reported that it will be sunny. Let’s go camping on the Fenghuang mountain. A. rain；rain B. rains；rains C. will rain；rains D. will rain；will rain ( )13.If you study hard, you into a good senior high school. A. got B. will get C. get ( )14. — Do you know when he will come back tomorrow? — Sorry, I don’t know. When he ____________ back, I’ll tell you. A. comes B. will come C. come D. may come ( )15. The football match will be put off if it ________. A. will rain　 　B. rains　 　　C. rained　　　D. is rained ( )16._______he works hard on it, he will do it better. A If B Though C But ( )17. I won’t go if it ________ tomorrow. 　　A．rain　　 B．is raining　 　C．rains　 　 D．will rain ( )18. I__________ her the answer if she__________me. A. can tell, will ask B. will tell, will ask C. would tell, ask D. will tell, asks ( )19. The students will plant trees if it________tomorrow.  A.didn't rain   B. hasn't rained     C. won't rain     D. doesn't rain   ( )20. We________home if there is no bus. —Oh, what a pity!  A. will walk    B. have walked     C. walked      D. walk  ( )21. Who can tell me when he________tomorrow?  A.come    B. comes     C. will come     D. is going choose ( )22.—Please tell her the news when she________.  —OK, I will.  A. comes    B. will come     C. come    D. would come  ( )23. —Let's go climbing if it __________ this Saturday. — Good idea. But nobody knows if it __________. A. is fine; rains B. is fine; will rain C. will be fine; rains D. will be fine; will rain 三、完成句子 1. 如果努力学习，你就会取得好成绩。 If you__________ __________, you__________ __________good__________. 2. 他如果看电视太久了，他的父母会不高兴。 If he__________TV too much, his parents__________ __________unhappy. 3. 如果明天不下雨，我会和你一起去公园的。 If it__________ __________tomorrow, I__________go to the park__________you. 4. 如果他有空，他会帮助你的。If he__________ __________, he__________ __________ you. 5. 你如果抄同学的作业就不能学好各门功课。 You__________ __________good at all the subjects if you__________ the other students' homework. $$