Unit4 Scientist who changed the world 词汇知识清单-2025-2026学年高中英语译林版（2020）必修第三册

必修3 Unit4词汇本 1. dead·ly  /ˈdedli/ ( dead·lier dead·li·est) adj./adv. adj. ①（可能）致命的，致死的 SYN lethal •a deadly weapon/disease 致命的武器╱疾病 •deadly poison 剧毒 ②[ only before noun]极度的；十足的；彻底的 •I'm in deadly earnest .我是非常认真的。 •We sat in deadly silence .我们默不作声地坐着。 ③非常有效的；无法防御的 •His aim is deadly (= so accurate that he can kill easily) .他弹无虚发。 ④( informal )枯燥的；令人厌烦的 •The lecture was absolutely deadly.那场讲座简直无聊透了。 adv. ①( informal ) extremely极其；非常 •deadly serious/dull 极其严肃认真╱乏味 ②= deathly •deadly pale/cold 死一般地苍白；冷得要死 2. sur·vival n.  /səˈvaɪvl/ ①[ U]生存；存活；幸存 •the struggle/battle/fight for survival 为生存而斗争╱战斗╱拼搏 •His only chance of survival was a heart transplant.只有进行心脏移植，他才有望活下去。 ②[ C]~ (from sth)残存物；幸存事物 SYN relic •The ceremony is a survival from pre-Christian times.这种仪式是从公元前遗留下来的。 IDIOMS 习语 1.the surˌvival of the ˈfittest 适者生存 3. prov·ince n.  /ˈprɒvɪns/ pro·vin·cial  /prəˈvɪnʃl/ adj. ①[ C]~ (between A and B)~ (with sth)( BrE ) 国界；边界；边境 •a frontier town/zone/post 边陲小镇；边疆地带；边防站 ②the provinces[ pl.] ( BrE )首都以外的地区 •The show will tour the provinces after it closes in London. 这一团体结束在伦敦的演出后，将到全国各地巡回演出。 •a shy young man from the provinces腼腆的外地男青年 ③[ sing.] ( formal )知识（或兴趣、职责）范围；领域 •I'm afraid the matter is outside my province (= I cannot or need not deal with it) . 很抱歉，这事不归我管。 4. broad  adj. /brɔːd/ ( broad·er broad·est) ①宽阔的；广阔的 OPP narrow •a broad street/avenue/river宽广的街道╱林荫道╱河流 •broad shoulders宽肩 •He is tall, broad and muscular.他身高体宽，肌肉发达。 •a broad smile/grin 咧嘴笑 ②…宽（用于表示距离的量度之后） •two metres broad and one metre high两米宽，一米高 ③涉及各种各样的人（或事物）的；广泛的 •She took a broad view of the duties of being a teacher.她认为教师的职责范围很广。 ④[ only before noun]概括的；一般的；不具体的 •the broad outline of a proposal提案的纲要 •She's a feminist, in the broadest sense of the word .广义而言，她算是个女权主义者。 •In broad terms , the paper argues that each country should develop its own policy. 从大体上说，这份报纸认为各国应该建立自己的政策。 ⑤开阔的；辽阔的 •a broad expanse of water一片辽阔的水域 ⑥口音重的；乡音浓的 SYN strong IDIOMS 习语 1.a broad ˈchurch( BrE )广纳众议的机构 2.(in) broad ˈdaylight光天化日（之下） •The robbery occurred in broad daylight, in a crowded street. 抢劫就发生在光天化日之下的一条熙熙攘攘的街道上。 3.it's as ˌbroad as it's ˈlong( BrE informal )两种选择都一样 5. in·tend v. /ɪnˈtend/ intention n. intentional adj.故意的 intended adj.意欲的，打算的 ①打算；计划；想要 •••I fully intended (= definitely intended) to pay for the damage.我确实诚心想赔偿损失。 •He intended her no harm (= it was not his plan to harm her) .他无意伤害她。 ②~ sth (by sth)~ sth (as sth)意指 SYN mean •What exactly did you intend by that remark?你那句话到底想说什么？ •He intended it as a joke.他只想开个玩笑。 6. ex·tract /ˈekstrækt/ n./vt. n. ①[ C]~ (from sth)摘录；选录；选曲；节录 •The following extract is taken from her new novel.下面一段摘自她的新小说。 ②[ U/C]提取物；浓缩物；精；汁 •yeast extract酵母萃 •vanilla extract香草精 •face cream containing natural plant extracts含有天然植物提取物的面霜 vt. ①提取；提炼 •a machine that extracts excess moisture from the air抽湿机 ②索取，设法得到（对方不愿提供的信息、钱财等） •Journalists managed to extract all kinds of information about her private life. 记者们终于得到了有关她私生活的各种情况。 ③ 选取；摘录；选录 •This article is extracted from his new book.本文选自他的新书。 ④（用力）取出，拔出 •The dentist may decide that the wisdom teeth need to be extracted. 牙医可能会认为智齿需要拔掉。 ⑤ (formal )获得，得到（某种感觉或品质） •They are unlikely to extract much benefit from the trip. 他们不大可能从这次旅行中获得多大益处。 7. refer v.  /rɪˈfɜː(r)/ ( -rr- ) PHRASAL VERBS 短语动词 ①reˈfer to sb./sth. (as sth.)提到；谈及；说起 •You know who I'm referring to.你知道我指的是谁。 •She always referred to Ben as ‘that nice man’.她总是称本为“那个大好人”。 •I promised not to refer to the matter again.我答应过再也不提这事了。 ②reˈfer to sb./sth. (1)描述；涉及；与…相关 •The star refers to items which are intended for the advanced learner. 标有星号的项目是给高阶学习者的。 •The term ‘Arts’ usually refers to humanities and social sciences.arts 一词通常指人文和社会科学。 •This paragraph refers to the events of last year.这一段说的是去年发生的事。 (2)查阅；参考；征询 SYN consult •You may refer to your notes if you want.如果需要，可以查阅笔记。 •to refer to a dictionary查词典 3. reˈfer sb./sth. to sb./sth.将…送交给（以求获得帮助等） •My doctor referred me to a specialist.我的医生让我去找一位专家诊治。 •The case was referred to the Court of Appeal.这个案子被送交到上诉法院。 •May I refer you to my letter of 14 May?你查看一下我5月14日给你的信好吗？ 8. ex·peri·ment  /ɪkˈsperɪmənt/ n./v. ex·peri·ment·er n. n. ①实验；试验 •to do/perform/conduct an experiment 做实验 •proved by experiment 经过实验证明 ②~ (in sth)尝试；实践 •I've never cooked this before so it's an experiment. 我以前从未做过这种菜，所以这是一个尝试。 v. ①做试验；进行实验 •Some people feel that experimenting on animals is wrong. 有人觉得利用动物做试验是错误的。 ②尝试；试用 •I experimented until I got the recipe just right. 我不断地尝试，直至找到正合适的烹饪法为止。 9. trial  /ˈtraɪəl/ n./v. n. ①（法院的）审讯，审理，审判 •He's on trial for murder.他因涉嫌谋杀罪而受审。 ②（对能力、质量、性能等的）试验，试用 •a trial of strength (= a contest to see who is stronger) 实力的较量 •She agreed to employ me for a trial period .她同意试用我一段时间。 ③( BrE ) [C] [usually pl.] ( NAmE also try·out )预赛；选拔赛 •Olympic trials奥林匹克运动会选拔赛 ④[ C,usually pl.]比赛；表演 •horse trials马匹比赛 ⑤[ C]~ (to sb)令人伤脑筋的事；惹麻烦的人；考验 •the trials and tribulations of married life婚姻生活的考验与磨炼 •She was a sore trial to her family at times.她有时让家人伤透了脑筋。 IDIOMS 习语 1.ˌtrial and ˈerror反复试验；不断摸索 •Children learn to use computer programs by trial and error . 儿童通过反复摸索才学会运用计算机程序。 10. limit·ed adj.  /ˈlɪmɪtɪd/ limit v. limitation n. ①有限的 •We are doing our best with the limited resources available. 我们利用可获得的有限资源，尽最大的努力。 ②~ (to sth)受（…的）限制 •This offer is for a limited period only.此次减价时间有限。 11. house·hold n./adj. /ˈhaʊshəʊld/ ①一家人；家庭；同住一所房子的人 •Most households now own at least one car.大多数家庭现在至少有一辆汽车。 • low-income/one-parent, etc. households 低收入、单亲等家庭 •the head of the household 户主 •household bills/chores/goods家庭账单╱杂务╱用品 12. con·tain·er n.  /kənˈteɪnə(r)/ ①容器 ②集装箱；货柜 •a container ship (= one designed to transport such containers) 集装箱船 13. post·pone v.  /pəˈspəʊn/ post·pone·ment[ U/C] n. ①~ sth (to/until sth)延迟；延期；展缓 SYN put off •The game has already been postponed three times.这场比赛已经三度延期了。 •It was an unpopular decision to postpone building the new hospital. 延迟兴建新医院的决定是不得人心的。 14. suf·fi·cient adj.  /səˈfɪʃnt/ OPP insufficient suf·fi·cient·ly adv. ①~ (to do sth)~ (for sth/sb)足够的；充足的 •Allow sufficient time to get there.留出充足的时间好赶过去 •Is ￡100 sufficient for your expenses?100英镑够你花销吗？ 15. data n.  /ˈdeɪtə/ /ˈdɑːtə/ NAmE also /ˈdætə/ (复数名词，其单数形式是datum) ①数据；资料；材料 •This data was collected from 69 countries.这资料是从69个国家收集来的。 •the analysis/interpretation of the data数据分析╱解读 •raw data (= that has not been analysed) 原始资料IDIOMS 习语 16. error n.  /ˈerə(r)/ ①~ in sth/in doing sth错误；差错；谬误 •The delay was due to human error .延误是人为错误造成的。 •The computer system was switched off in error (= by mistake) .计算机系统被不慎关闭。 •There is no room for error in this job.这项工作决不允许出差错。 IDIOMS 习语 1.see/realize the ˌerror of your ˈways知过即改；承认自己的做法不对并决心改正 17. wis·dom n. [ U] /ˈwɪzdəm/ ①智慧；才智；精明 •a woman of great wisdom才女 •words of wisdom至理名言 ②~ of sth/of doing sth明智 •I question the wisdom of giving a child so much money. 我对给孩子这么多钱是否明智怀有疑问。 ③(社会或文化长期积累的）知识，学问 •the collective wisdom of the Native American people美洲原住民的集体智慧 IDIOMS 习语 1.conventional/received ˈ wisdom大多数人的看法；普遍信念 •Conventional wisdom has it that riots only ever happen in cities. 人们普遍认为，只有城市里才发生暴乱。 2.in his/her/its (infinite) ˈ wisdom（表示不理解他人的无知）以其（无限的）智慧 •The government in its wisdom has decided to support the ban. 政府竟愚蠢到决定支持这项禁令。 18. bene·fi·cial adj.  /ˌbenɪˈfɪʃl/ benefit n./v. ①~ (to sth/sb)有利的；有裨益的；有用的 SYN advantageous/favourable •A good diet is beneficial to health.良好的饮食有益于健康。 19. con·duct /kənˈdʌkt/ vt./n. [ U] vt. ①组织；安排；实施；执行 •to conduct an experiment/an inquiry/a survey 进行实验╱询问╱调查 ②指挥（歌唱或音乐演奏 ③带领；引导；为（某人）导游 •a conducted tour of Athens有导游陪同的雅典之行 ④~ yourself...( formal ) to behave in a particular way举止；表现 •He conducted himself far better than expected.他表现得比预料的要好得多。 ⑤(术语) (物质)传导（热或电等能量） •Copper conducts electricity well.铜的导电性能好。 n. ①（人在某地或某种情况下的）行为，举止 •The sport has a strict code of conduct.体育运动有严格的行为规范。 ②~ of sth经营方式；管理方法；实施办法 •There was growing criticism of the government's conduct of the war. 政府对战争的指挥方式受到越来越多的指责。 20. il·lus·trate vt.  /ˈɪləstreɪt/ ①~ sth (with sth)加插图于；给（书等）做图表 •an illustrated textbook有插图的课本 ②（用示例、图画等）说明，解释 •To illustrate my point , let me tell you a little story. 为了说明我的观点，让我来给你们讲个小故事。 ③表明…真实；显示…存在 SYN demonstrate •The incident illustrates the need for better security measures. 这次事件说明了加强安全措施的必要。 21. mould  /məʊld/ n./v. n. ①[ C]模具；铸模 •They broke the mould when they made you.你是世界上唯一的。 •Pour the chocolate into a heart-shaped mould.将巧克力倒入心形模子。 ②[ C,usually sing.]（独特）类型，个性，风格 •a hero in the ‘Superman’ mould“超人”型的英雄 •She doesn't fit (into) the traditional mould of an academic.她不像一个传统的学者。 ③[ U/C] 霉；霉菌 •There's mould on the cheese.干酪发霉了。 •moulds and fungi霉菌和真菌 •mould growth霉的生长 IDIOMS 习语 1.break the ˈmould (of sth)改变…模式；打破…模式 v. ①~ A (into B)~ B (from/out of/in A)（用模具）浇铸，塑造 •First, mould the clay into the desired shape.首先，将陶土做成需要的形状。 ②~ sb/sth (into sb/sth)对…影响重大；将…塑造成 •The experience had moulded and coloured her whole life.这次经历影响了她的一生。 ③~ (sth)（使）紧贴于，吻合 •The fabric moulds to the body.这种织物很贴身。 22. bac·teria n. [ pl.] /bækˈtɪəriə/ ( sing.bacterium/‑iəm/) bac·ter·ial /‑riəl/ adj. ①细菌 23. sur·round v. /səˈraʊnd/ ①~ sth/sb (with sth)围绕；环绕 •Tall trees surround the lake.环湖都是大树。 •As a child I was surrounded by love and kindness.幼年时我备受关爱。 ②~ sb/sth (with sb/sth)（使）包围，围住 •Police surrounded the building.警方包围了那栋房子。 ③与…紧密相关；围绕 •publicity surrounding the divorce媒体围绕这桩离婚事件的报道 ④~ yourself with sb/sth喜欢结交（某类人）；喜欢身边总有（某类东西） •I like to surround myself with beautiful things.我喜欢身边老有漂亮的东西。 24. in·di·cate v. /ˈɪndɪkeɪt/ indicator n. 指示信号；迹象 indication n. 表明；标示；象征 ①表明；显示 •Research indicates that eating habits are changing fast.研究显示，饮食习惯正迅速改变。 他按照经理的要求到了那里。 ②象征；暗示 •A red sky at night often indicates fine weather the next day. 夜空呈红色往往预兆第二天天气晴朗。 ③~ sth (to sb)暗示；间接提及；示意 •In his letter he indicated to us (that) he was willing to cooperate. 他在信中向我们透露他愿意合作。 ④~ sb/sth (to sb)指示；指出 •She took out a map and indicated the quickest route to us. 她拿出一张地图，给我们指出最快捷的路线。 ⑤显示（信息）；标示 •The results are indicated in Table 2.结果列在表2中。 ⑥写明；注出 •Please indicate clearly which colour you require.请标明您要求的颜色。 ⑦(用灯光或手臂）打行车转向信号 SYN signal •Always indicate before moving into another lane.开入其他车道前一定要打转向灯。 25. ac·ci·dent n.  /ˈæksɪdənt/ ac·ci·den·tal adj.  /ˌæksɪˈdentl/ ①[ C](交通）事故；意外遭遇；不测事件 ②[ C/U]意外；偶然的事 •an accident of birth/fate/history出生╱命运╱历史的偶然性 •Their early arrival was just an accident.他们早到仅仅是偶然而已。 IDIOMS 习语 1.ˌaccidents will ˈhappen出事是难免的 2. by accident偶然；意外地 OPP on purpose/deliberately •We met by accident at the airport.我们在机场不期而遇。 •Helen got into acting purely by accident.海伦当演员完全出于偶然。 26. in·tel·li·gent adj.  /ɪnˈtelɪdʒənt/ intelligence n. ①有才智的；悟性强的；聪明的 OPP unintelligent •a highly intelligent child非常聪明的孩子 •to ask an intelligent question问一个机智的问题 ②(动物、生物等)有智力的；有理解和学习能力的 •a search for intelligent life on other planets在其他行星上探索有智力的生命 ③(计) (计算机、程序等)智能的 •intelligent software/systems 智能软件╱系统 27. fa·vour  /ˈfeɪvə(r)/ n./v. favourable adj. n. ①[ C]帮助；好事；恩惠 •Can I ask a favour ?请帮个忙行吗？ •I'm going as a favour to Ann, not because I want to.我去是给安一个面子，而不是我想去•Do yourself a favour and wear a helmet on the bike.要照顾自己，骑车戴上头盔。 ②[ U] 赞同；支持 •The programme has lost favour with viewers recently.近来这个节目已不受观众欢迎。 •She's not in favour with the media just now.目前她没有媒体的捧场。 •It seems Tim is back in favour with the boss .看来蒂姆又赢得了老板的好感。 ③[ U]特别照顾；偏袒；偏爱 •As an examiner, she showed no favour to any candidate.作为主考她没有偏袒任何应试者。 ④=ˌparty ˈfavors (聚会上赠给儿童的）小礼品 vt. ①较喜欢；选择 •Many countries favour a presidential system of government.很多国家选择总统制政府。 ②优惠；特别照顾；偏袒 •The treaty seems to favour the US.这个条约似乎偏向美国。 ③有助于；有利于 •The warm climate favours many types of tropical plants. 温暖的气候对多种热带植物生长有利。 29. pol·it·ician n.  /ˌpɒləˈtɪʃn/ politics n. ①从政者；政治家 ②( disapproving)政客；见风驶舵者；投机钻营者 30. light·ning  /ˈlaɪtnɪŋ/ n./adj. n. [ U]①闪电 •a flash of lightning 一道闪电 •a violent storm with thunder and lightning 夹着雷鸣电闪的暴风雨 IDIOMS 习语 1.lightning never strikes (in the same place) twice ( saying)倒霉的事不可能在同一场所（或同一人身上）重复发生；一事不过二 2.like (greased) ˈlightning 闪电般；飞快地；一溜烟地 adj. ①[ only before noun]闪电般的；飞快的；突然的 31. elec·tri·city n.  /ɪˌlekˈtrɪsəti/ ①[ U]电；电能 •a waste of electricity浪费电 •The electricity is off (= there is no electric power supply) .停电了。 ②[ Using.]强烈的感情；激动；兴奋 32. the·ory n.  /ˈθɪəri/ ( pl.-ies) the·or·etic·al adj.  /ˌθɪəˈretɪkl/ ①[ C/U]学说；论；说 •According to the theory of relativity, nothing can travel faster than light. 根据相对论，任何东西都无法超越光速。 ②[ U]理论；原理；原则 •the theory and practice of language teaching语言教学理论与实践 ③ [ C]~ (that)（未证明的）意见；看法；推测 •I have this theory that most people prefer being at work to being at home. 依我看，多数人喜欢工作而不愿待在家里。 IDIOMS 习语 1.inˈtheory理论上；按理说 •In theory, these machines should last for ten years or more.理论上，机器应能用十年以上。 33. rib·bon n.  /ˈrɪbən/ ①[ U/C]（用于捆绑或装饰的）带子；丝带 ②[ C]带状物；狭长的东西 •Ribbon developments (= lines of buildings) extended along the main road. 一排排建筑沿着大路伸展。 ③[ C]绶带；勋带 ④[ C]（打字机或打印机的）色带 IDIOMS 习语 1.cut/tear sth. to ˈribbons（将某物）撕扯得粉碎，切成碎片 34. charge  /tʃɑːdʒ/ n./v. n. ①[ C/U]~ (for sth)（商品和服务所需的）要价，收费 •Delivery is free of charge .免费送货。 ②[ C/U]指控；控告 •He will be sent back to England to face a charge of (= to be on trial for) armed robbery. 他将被遣返回英格兰面临持械抢劫罪的指控。 •They decided to drop the charges against the newspaper and settle out of court. 他们已决定撤销对那家报纸的指控，在庭外和解。 ③[ C]指责；谴责 •Be careful you don't leave yourself open to charges of political bias. 你要小心别留下把柄，让人家指责你带有政治偏见。 ④[ U]主管；掌管；照管；职责；责任 •They left the au pair in charge of the children for a week.他们把孩子留给换工照料一周。 ⑤[ C/U]（电池或带电物质的）充电量，电荷 •a positive/negative charge 正╱负电荷 ⑥[ C]突然猛冲；猛攻；冲锋 •He led the charge down the field.他努力沿着球场冲杀过去。 ⑦[ sing.]感染力；震撼力 •the emotional charge of the piano piece那首钢琴曲扣人心弦的感染力 IDIOMS 习语 1.bring/press/prefer ˈcharges against sb( law 律)起诉；控告 2.get a ˈcharge out of sth( NAmE )从…中得到快感（或快乐、乐趣） v. ①~ (sb/sth) for sth~ (sb) sth (for sth)收（费）；（向…）要价 •What did they charge for the repairs?他们收了多少修理费？ •We won't charge you for delivery.我们送货不收费。 ②把…记在账上；在某人账上记入 •They charge the calls to their credit-card account.他们用信用卡账户支付电话费。 ③ ~ sb (with sth/with doing sth)控告；起诉 ④ ~ sb (with sth/with doing sth)( formal )指责；谴责 ⑤猛攻；猛冲；冲锋 ⑥向…方向冲去 •The children charged down the stairs.孩子们冲下了楼梯。 ⑦ ~ (sth) (up)给…充电 •The shaver can be charged up and used when travelling.这电动剃须刀可充电供旅行使用。 ⑧~ sth (with sth)( 通常用于被动语态 ) ( literary)使充满（…情绪） •The room was charged with hatred.这个房间里充满了敌意。 •a highly charged atmosphere一触即发的紧张气氛 ⑨注满（玻璃杯） •Please charge your glasses and drink a toast to the bride and groom! 请各位斟满酒杯向新娘、新郎敬酒！ 35. elec·tric adj. /ɪˈlektrɪk/ ①电的；用电的；电动的；发电的 •an electric motor电动机 •an electric light/guitar, etc. 电灯、电吉他等 •an electric current/charge 电流╱荷 •an electric plug/socket/switch (= that carries electricity) 电源插头╱插座╱开关 ②充满刺激的；令人激动的 SYN electrifying •The atmosphere was electric.气氛很热烈。 36. bang  /bæŋ/ v./n. v. ①~ (on) sth猛敲；砸 •She banged on the door angrily.她愤怒地砰砰打门。 ②（把…）砰的关上 SYN slam •Don't bang the door when you go out!出去时别那么砰一声地关门！ ③猛摔；砰地一扔 SYN slam •He banged the money down on the counter.他把钱往柜台上砰地一掷。 ④碰撞；磕 •She tripped and banged her knee on the desk.她绊了一跤，膝盖磕在桌子上。 n. ①突然的巨响 ②（对身体部位的）猛撞，猛敲，猛击 •a bang on the head头被撞击 IDIOMS 习语 1. with a ˈbang ( informal ) (1)很成功 •The party went with a bang .聚会十分圆满。 (2)引人注目；有强烈影响 •The team won their last four games, ending the season with a bang. 该队赢了最后四场比赛，给本赛季画了一个亮丽的句号。 37. in·volve v.  /ɪnˈvɒlv/ involvement n. ①包含；需要；使成为必然部分（或结果） •Any investment involves an element of risk.任何投资都有一定的风险。 •The job involves me travelling all over the country.这份工作需要我在全国各地跑。 ②牵涉；牵连；影响 •There was a serious incident involving a group of youths. 有一起涉及一群年轻人的严重事件。 ③~ sb (in sth/in doing sth)（使）参加，加入 •We want to involve as many people as possible in the celebrations. 我们希望参加庆典的人越多越好。 ④~ sb (in sth)表明（某人参与了犯罪等） PHRASAL VERBS 短语动词 1. inˈvolve sb in sth把某人牵涉（或牵扯）到某事里 •You have involved me in a great deal of extra work.你害得我添了一大堆额外的工作。 38. sci·en·tif·ic adj.  /ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/ scientist n. sci·en·tif·ic·al·ly /‑kli/ adv. ①科学（上）的；关于科学的 •a scientific discovery科学发现 •scientific knowledge科学知识 •sites of scientific interest引起科学界关注的地方 ②(做事或思想的方法)细致严谨的；科学的 •He took a very scientific approach to management.他采取了一种非常科学的管理方法。 •We need to be more scientific about this problem.在这个问题上我们需要更为严谨一些。 39. credit  /ˈkredɪt/ n./v. n. ①[ U]赊购；赊欠 •to get/refuse credit 允许╱拒绝赊购 ②[ U/C]（从银行借的）借款；贷款 •The bank refused further credit to the company.银行拒绝再给那家公司提供贷款。 ③(借钱偿还的）信誉，信用 •Her credit isn't good anywhere now.她借钱不还，弄得声名狼藉。 ④[ U]~ (for sth)赞扬；称赞；认可 •We did all the work and she gets all the credit!工作都是我们干的，而功劳却都归了她！ ⑤[ sing.]~ to sb/sth为…赢得荣誉的人（或事物） •She is a credit to the school.她为学校赢得了荣誉。 ⑥[ C,usually pl.]（电影或电视节目演职人员的）片头字幕，片尾字幕 •The credits seemed to last almost as long as the film! 演职人员字幕持续的时间几乎与这部电影一样长！ ⑦[ C]学分 •My math class is worth three credits.我的数学课为三个学分。 IDIOMS 习语 1.do sb creditdo credit to sb/sth使值得赞扬（或表扬） •Your honesty does you great credit.你的诚实值得大大表扬。 2.have sth to your credit完成；取得 •He's only 30, and he already has four novels to his credit.他年仅30岁，却已著有四部小说。 3.on the ˈcredit side（尤用于提及缺点之后）就优点方面而言 4.to sb's credit使值得赞扬；使受尊重 •To his credit, Jack never told anyone exactly what had happened. 杰克对所发生的事守口如瓶，值得赞扬。 v. ①~ A (with B)~ B (to A)（给银行账户）存入金额；把…记入贷方；贷记（银行账户） •Your account has been credited with $50 000.已把5万元存入你的账户。 ②~ A with B~ B to A认为是…的功劳；把…归于 •The company is credited with inventing the industrial robot. 发明工业机器人是那家公司的功劳。 ③~ A with B认为…有（良好的品质或特点） •I credited you with a little more sense.我认为你更有见识。 ④~ sb/sth as sth认为…属（某种类或性质） •The cheetah is generally credited as the world's fastest animal. 普遍认为猎豹是世界上跑得最快的动物。 ⑤ (主要用于疑问句和否定句)相信（尤指令人惊奇或意外的事物） •He's been promoted—would you credit it?他被提升了，你相信吗？ 40. moral  /ˈmɒrəl/ n./adj. n. ①morals[ pl.]品行，道德 •Young people these days have no morals.现在的年轻人根本不讲道德。 ②[ C]寓意；教益 •And the moral is that crime doesn't pay.寓意就是犯罪得不偿失。 adj. ①[ only before noun]道德的 •a moral issue/dilemma/question 道德方面的议题╱困境╱问题 ②[ only before noun]道义上的；道德上的 •moral responsibility/duty 道义上的责任╱义务 ③品行端正的；有道德的 SYN good/honourable •He led a very moral life.他这个人一向很正派。 •a very moral person品行非常端正的人 ④[ only before noun]能辨别是非的 •Children are not naturally moral beings.儿童并非天生就能分辨是非。 IDIOMS 习语 1.take/claim/seize the moral ˈhigh ground声称自己的论点在道义上占优势 41. apply v.  /əˈplaɪ/ ①~ (to sb/sth) (for sth)（通常以书面形式）申请，请求 •You should apply in person/by letter .你应该当面╱写信申请。 ②~ sth (to sth)to use sth or make sth work in a particular situation使用；应用 •The new technology was applied to farming.这项新技术已应用于农业。 ③~ sth (to sth)涂；敷；施 •Apply the cream sparingly to your face and neck.把乳霜薄薄地抹在脸和脖子上。 ④~ (to sb/sth)有关；涉及 •What I am saying applies only to some of you.我所说的只涉及你们中的一些人。 ⑤~ yourself (to sth/to doing sth)勤奋工作；努力学习 •You would pass your exams if you applied yourself.努力学习就会通过考试。 ⑥手压；脚踩 •to apply the brakes (of a vehicle)刹车 •Pressure applied to the wound will stop the bleeding.压住伤口可以止血。 42. neg·ate vt.  /nɪˈɡeɪt/ ①取消；使无效 Alcohol negates the effects of the drug.酒精能使药物失效。 否定；否认 43. in·tel·lec·tual  /ˌɪntəˈlektʃuəl/ adj./n. adj. ①智力的；脑力的；理智的 SYN mental •intellectual curiosity求知欲 •an intellectual novel推理小说 ②(人)有才智的；智力发达的 •She's very intellectual.她很聪慧。 n. ①知识分子；脑力劳动者 44. mys·tery n.  /ˈmɪstri/ ( pl.-ies) mysterious adj. ①[ C]神秘的事物；不可理解之事；奥秘 •It is one of the great unsolved mysteries of this century.这是本世纪未解开的大奥秘之一。 ②[ C] (常用作形容词)神秘的人（或事物）；陌生而有趣的人（或事物） •There was a mystery guest on the programme.节目里有位神秘嘉宾。 •a mystery tour (= when you do not know where you are going) 漫游 ③[ U]神秘；不可思议；奥秘 •Mystery surrounds her disappearance.她的失踪引起了重重疑团。 •The dark glasses give her an air of mystery .这墨镜使她显得有些神秘。 ④[ C]疑案小说（或电影、戏剧） •I enjoy murder mysteries.我喜欢凶杀奇案作品。 45. ig·nor·ance n.  /ˈɪɡnərəns/ [ U] ①~ (of/about sth)无知 •widespread ignorance of/about the disease对这种疾病的普遍不了解 •She was kept in ignorance of her husband's activities.关于丈夫的活动，她一直蒙在鼓里。 IDIOMS 习语 1.ˌ ignorance is ˈbliss ( saying)无知是福；不知道心不烦 •Some doctors believe ignorance is bliss and don't give their patients all the facts. 有些医生认为无知是福，因此不向病人透露全部病情。 46. free·dom n.  /ˈfriːdəm/ ①[ U/C]~ (of sth)（指权利）自由 •freedom of speech/thought/expression/worship 言论╱思想╱表达╱信仰自由 •a threat to press/academic, etc. freedom 对新闻、学术等自由的威胁 •rights and freedoms guaranteed by the constitution宪法保障的权利和自由 ②[ U,sing.]~ (of sth)~ (to do sth)（指状态）自由 •freedom of action/choice 行动╱选择自由 •complete freedom to do as you wish按照自己意愿行事的绝对自由 ③ [ U]自由民地位（不是囚犯或奴隶） •He finally won his freedom after twenty years in jail. 他蹲了二十年监狱以后终于获得了自由。 ④ [ U]~ from sth没有…的情况；不受…影响的状态 •freedom from fear/pain/hunger, etc. 免于恐惧、痛苦、饥饿等 ⑤[ sing.]the ~ of sth自由使用权 •I was given the freedom of the whole house.我获得整座房子的自由使用权。 IDIOMS 习语 1.the freedom of the ˈcity(in Britain)（英国）荣誉市民称号 47. au·thor·ity n.  /ɔːˈθɒrəti/ ( pl.-ies) ①[ U]权力；威权；当权（地位） •She now has authority over the people who used to be her bosses. 她现在管辖着过去是她上司的那些人。 ②[ U]~ (to do sth)权；职权 •Only the manager has the authority to sign cheques.只有经理才有权签支票。 ③[ U]批准；授权 •It was done without the principal's authority.做这件事未经校长批准。 •We acted under the authority of the UN.我们是经联合国授权行动的。 ④[ C,usually pl.]当局；官方；当权者 •The health authorities are investigating the problem.卫生当局正在调查这个问题。 ⑤ [ U]权威；威信；影响力 •He spoke with authority on the topic.他就这个课题发表权威意见。 ⑥[ C]~ (on sth) 专家；学术权威；泰斗 SYN specialist •She's an authority on criminal law.她是刑法专家。 IDIOMS 习语 1. have sth. on good auˈthority有可靠的根据 48. per·mit /pəˈmɪt/ ( -tt- ) v./n. permission n. v. ①允许；准许 •Radios are not permitted in the library.图书馆内不许使用收音机。 ②允许；使有可能 •I'll come tomorrow, weather permitting.天气许可的话，我明天过来。 n. ①许可证，特许证（尤指限期的） •a fishing/residence/parking, etc. permit 钓鱼、居住、停车等许可证 49. re·spon·si·bil·ity n.  /rɪˌspɒnsəˈbɪləti/ ( pl.-ies) ①[ U/C]~ (for sth/for doing sth)~ (to do sth)责任；负责 •It is their responsibility to ensure that the rules are enforced.他们有责任确保制度的执行。 •to take/assume overall responsibility for personnel对人事全面负责 •I don't feel ready to take on new responsibilities .我不愿意承担新的责任。 •I did it on my own responsibility.我做的这件事，由我自己负责。 ②[ U]~ (for sth)事故责任 •Nobody has claimed responsibility for the bombing.没有人声称对爆炸事件负责。 ③[ U/C]~ (to/towards sb)~ (to do sth)职责；义务；任务 •She feels a strong sense of responsibility towards her employees.她对雇员有很强的责任感。 •I think we have a moral responsibility to help these countries. 我认为我们在道义上有责任帮助这些国家。 50. de·clare v.  /dɪˈkleə(r)/ dec·lar·ation n.  /ˌdekləˈreɪʃn/ ①公布；宣布；宣告 •Germany declared war on France on 1 August 1914.德国在1914年8月1日向法国宣战。 •The government has declared war on (= officially stated its intention to stop) illiteracy. 政府已宣布要扫除文盲。 ②表明；宣称；断言 •I'll do it!’ Tom declared.“让我来！”汤姆果断地说。 ③申报（应纳税物品） •Do you have anything to declare?你有什么要申报的吗？ PHRASAL VERBS 短语动词 1. deˌclear aˈgainst sb./sth. ( BrE formal )声明反对；表示不赞成 2. deˈclear for sb./sth. ( BrE formal )声明支持；表示赞成 51. na·tion·al·ity n.  /ˌnæʃəˈnæləti/ ( pl.-ies) ① [ U/C]国籍 •to take/have/hold French nationality 获得╱持有╱拥有法国国籍 •She has dual nationality (= is a citizen of two countries) .她具有双重国籍。 ②[ C]（构成国家一部分的）民族 •Kazakhstan alone contains more than a hundred nationalities. 单是哈萨克斯坦就有一百多个民族。 52. evo·lu·tion n.  /ˌiːvəˈluːʃn/ [ U] evolve v. ①(生)进化 •the evolution of the human species人类的进化 •Darwin's theory of evolution达尔文的进化论 ②演变；发展；渐进 •In politics Britain has preferred evolution to revolution. 英国在政治上喜欢渐进而不喜欢革命。 53. pub·lish vt.  /ˈpʌblɪʃ/ ①出版；发行 •The first edition was published in 2002.第一版于2002年发行。 ②（在报刊）发表，刊登，登载 •Pictures of the suspect were published in all the daily papers. 嫌疑人的照片刊登在各家日报上了。 ③（在互联网上）发表，公布 •The report will be published on the Internet.报告将在互联网上公布。 ④ (作者)发表（作品）；使（作品）出版 •She hasn't published anything for years.她好几年没有发表作品了。 ⑤ ( formal )公布；发布 SYN release •The findings of the committee will be published on Friday. 委员会的调查结果将于星期五公布。 54. mar·riage n.  /ˈmærɪdʒ/ marry v. ①[ C]结婚；婚姻 •a happy/unhappy marriage 幸福的/不愉快的婚姻•an arranged marriage一桩包办的婚姻 ②[ U]婚姻生活；已婚状态 •My parents are celebrating 30 years of marriage.我的父母亲即将庆祝结婚30周年。 ③ [ C]婚礼 •Their marriage took place in a local church.他们的婚礼是在当地一所教堂里举行的。 IDIOMS 习语 1. by ˈmarriage通过姻亲关系 15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$