Unit 5 Revealing Nature 单元提升卷--2025-2026学年高中英语外研版（2019）选择性必修第一册

Unit 5 Revealing Nature 单元提升卷--2025-2026学年高中英语外研版（2019）选择性必修第一册 （考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：120分） 第一部分阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项 A Engage students with science with these exciting and entertaining experiments! Students will love exploring while also gaining invaluable experience by designing and conducting experiments.Sunscreen Experiment Kids often don’t enjoy being told they need sunscreen, so showing its power through demonstration can help them see its value. This science fair project uses simple white beads (珠子) that change color when exposed to UV rays (紫外线) so children can compare the effectiveness of different sunscreen products. Start this experiment by applying some of each sunscreen type on paper and placing both pieces of paper in direct sunlight for several hours.Sundial (日晷) Experiment Using a sundial to tell time is a fascinating science activity that helps students gain knowledge of shadows and the movement of sunlight across the sky. Through this hands-on experiment, students gain an opportunity to see how people in previous times knew time without clocks or watches. Start this experiment by asking students to identify an outdoor spot that receives sunlight all day, placing a flat board there, tracing the shadows onto it and noting where the shadows will fall at certain points of the day.Mineral Experiment Students learn to identify rocks and minerals through this simple experiment. They use a plate to test the hardness of various common minerals. They also observe how these minerals form crystals (晶体) and how they break apart differently from others. This lesson helps students understand the characteristics and uses of different minerals. Students can even form “companies” and compete to mine different types of rocks with specific features. 1．What is the main purpose of using beads in the sunscreen experiment? A．To compare the prices of sunscreen. B．To show the effectiveness of sunscreen. C．To analyze the impact of sunscreen on skin. D．To demonstrate chemical reactions in sunscreen. 2．How do students begin the sundial experiment? A．By building a sundial from beginning. B．By comparing different types of sundials. C．By measuring the length of their shadows. D．By identifying a sunny spot and using a flat board. 3．What does the mineral experiment allow students to do? A．Observe crystal formation. B．Learn geological history. C．Sell rocks they mine. D．Form companies. B For decades, recursion (递归) — the ability to create patterns within patterns, like boxes fitting inside each other — was seen as a skill only humans used in language. This tool lets us build endless sentences from simple words, such as “The monkey watches the bird following the butterfly that eats flowers”. However, a new study on wild orangutans (红毛猩猩) questions this idea, suggesting this ability might have existed much earlier in our shared evolutionary history. Researchers from the University of Warwick studied over 1,000 alarm calls from female Sumatran orangutans. They found a surprising three-level repeating pattern in their sounds. First, single sounds formed small groups, which then combined into longer sequences, and finally repeated in even larger series — all keeping a steady rhythm at each level. This musical-like layering showed complexity never seen before in animals outside humans. Importantly, the orangutans changed their calls based on danger. When real hunters like tigers appeared, their sounds became faster and sharper. For false threats, the calls slowed down and lost their regular beat. This flexibility proved their sounds were not accidental but carried clear messages about different dangers. Dr. Chiara De Gregorio, lead author of the study, stated, “Discovering such advanced sound patterns in orangutans makes us rethink what makes human language special. Recursion likely didn’t appear suddenly in humans but developed slowly in our ancient ancestors.” The findings suggest this key language feature might have existed over 10 million years ago, long before humans spoke complex words. By comparing orangutan communication to human language, scientists now better understand how evolution shaped our ability to share ideas. These results also reveal the impressive mental abilities of great apes (类人猿), pushing us to reconsider the line between animal calls and human speech. As Dr. De Gregorio says, “Every sound in an orangutan’s call may hold secrets about how our own language began.” 4．What did researchers discover about orangutans’ alarm calls? A．They model after humans’ speech rhythms. B．Their calls are identical across all situations. C．They use unique words to identify different threats. D．Their sounds follow a structured pattern with multiple layers. 5．How did orangutans adjust their calls when facing real dangers? A．Their calls became quicker and higher. B．They produced deeper sounds. C．They completely stopped voice. D．Their sounds change with a fast-paced rhythm. 6．What does the study imply about the origin of recursion in language? A．It evolved separately in humans and orangutans. B．It is a modern skill unrelated to evolutionary history. C．It only exists in animals with advanced social systems. D．It might have developed gradually in early human ancestors. 7．What is the text? A．A news article. B．A scientific study. C．A historical account. D．A scientific guide. C “Know thyself” is the most famous saying of Greek philosophy. The idea of self-knowledge is so foundational to a meaningful existence. In his tragedy (悲剧) Thyestes, the Stoic philosopher Seneca writes, “Death lies heavily on him / Who, though to all the world well known, / Is stranger to himself alone.” And as Shakespeare asserts in his comedy As You Like It, “The fool doth think he is wise, but the wise man /knows himself to be a fool.” What exactly does it mean to know yourself? For neuroscientists, self-knowledge is the combination of two forms of information, your own self-beliefs and your perceptions of how others view you. This technical definition of self-knowledge concerns only the mechanisms involved and does not say anything about the quality of the information. In effect, if you think you’re a rooster and believe others see you as one too, that counts as self-knowledge. However, I strongly question that the thinkers at Greece had a bit more in mind than this; they no doubt meant “Know thyself accurately.” That is a much taller order, requiring a huge quantity of truthful information about your inner states — attitudes, beliefs, emotions, and motives. Accurate self-knowledge also means avoiding mistakes and correcting illusions, being completely honest with yourself, and predicting how you will feel and react in the future. By this impossibly strict standard, we probably all overestimate our capacity for accurate self-knowledge. Psychological experiments have revealed that ratings of one’s own self-assessments are “moderate to poor” in accuracy and are generally less sound than external evaluations. One reason is that we’re likely to make cognitive (认知的) errors about what we see happening in our lives. Researchers have found that humans are easy to miss seeing our problems, mistakes, and opportunities. Many things in our lives go unnoticed because we don’t know the language for them or don’t understand them. This is called hypo-cognition, a deficit of cognition. In studies exploring this phenomenon, British participants were more likely to notice cheese than Asian dumplings in their daily lives, while Chinese participants noticed the reverse. Much of our self-knowledge deficit comes from willful ignorance. Psychologists have long observed the human tendency to use motivated reasoning to reassure ourselves that our opinions are right, to ignore critical self-reflective information, and generally to maintain positive illusions and find ways to avoid facing reality-based negative emotions. So basic and necessary to our being are these traits that collectively they have been called our “psychological immune system.” This characteristic rationalizing is almost certainly based in our biology. This human capacity to maintain ignorance in the face of potentially negative self-knowledge might make you more comfortable in the short term, but it leads to many missed opportunities for greater well-being and success in the long run. Research has shown that more honest self-awareness — of both positive and negative information — improves self-development because you know what to improve. This enables better personal decision making rooted in accurate information, especially when striving toward goals. 8．The author mentions Seneca and Shakespeare mainly to ______. A．draw a comparison B．give a suggestion C．explain a concept D．strengthen an argument 9．As for the definition of self-knowledge from neuroscientists, the author is ______. A．appreciative B．suspicious C．unconcerned D．neutral 10．What does the term “hypo-cognition” underlined in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．The inability to process truthful information. B．The refusal to reflect on negative information. C．The lack of concepts to describe specific experiences. D．The tendency to spot cultural differences in perception. 11．It is implied in this passage that we should ______. A．focus on negative rather than positive feedback B．follow the beliefs and emotions of our internal states C．stop making excuses for unfavorable self-knowledge D．spare no effort to get rid of imperfect self-knowledge D In the 1970s, psychologist J. P. Guilford conducted a famous study of creativity known as the nine-dot puzzle (九点谜题). He challenged research subjects to connect all nine dots using just four straight lines without lifting their pencils from the page. All participants limited solutions to those within the imaginary square. Only 20 percent managed to break out of the confinement (束缚) and continue their lines in the white space surrounding the dots. The fact that 80 percent of the participants were effectively blinded by the boundaries of the square led Guilford to jump to the conclusion that creativity requires you to go outside the box. The idea went viral. Overnight, creativity experts everywhere were teaching managers how to think outside the box. The concept was so popular that nobody bothered to check the facts. Nobody, that is, before two different research teams — Clarke Burnham with Kennedy Davis, and Joseph Alba with Robert Weisberg — ran another experiment. Both teams divided their participants into two groups. The first group was given the same instructions as the participants in Guilford’s experiment. The second group was told that the solution required the lines to be drawn outside the imaginary box. Guess what? Only 25 percent solved the puzzle. In statistical terms, this 5 percent improvement is insignificant as this could be called sampling error. Let’s look a little more closely at the unexpected result. Solving this problem requires people to literally think outside the box. Yet participants’ performance was not improved even when they were given specific instructions to do so. That is, direct and clear instructions to think outside the box did not help. That this advice is useless should effectively have killed off the widely spread — and therefore, much more dangerous — metaphor that out-of-the-box thinking boosts creativity. After all, with one simple yet brilliant experiment, researchers had proven that the conceptual link between thinking outside the box and creativity was a misunderstanding. 12．What did the nine-dot puzzle study focus on? A．Body flexibility. B．Practical experience. C．Thinking patterns. D．Theoretical knowledge. 13．Why did the two research teams run the follow-up experiment? A．To contradict the initial idea. B．To test the catchy concept. C．To collect supporting evidence. D．To identify the underlying logic. 14．Which of the following best describes the follow-up experiment? A．Impractical. B．Revealing. C．Fruitless. D．Inspiring. 15．What is the best title for the text? A．Nine-Dot Puzzle: A Magic Test B．Puzzle Solving: A Key To Creativity C．Creative Thinking: We Fell For The Trap D．Thinking Outside The Box: A Misguided idea 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） Your Musical Preference Gives Insights into How You Think A study out of Cambridge found that your musical preferences can give insights into how you think. The study focused on a particular theory of personality known as the Empathizing-Systemizing (E-S) Theory. 16 An empathizer likes to focus on and respond to the emotions of others, while a systemizer likes to analyze rules and patterns in the world. Cognitive style may seem like an unusual way to group people, but the researchers found that it worked well. “Although people’s music choices change over time, we’ve discovered a person’s empathy level and thinking style predict what kind of music they like,” said PhD student David Greenberg, the leader of the study, in a statement. 17 To study a somewhat unusual subject, they took a somewhat unique route: They gathered data through Facebook. Over 4,000 people participated through the myPersonality app by first taking a personality assessment. Later, they listened to and rated 50 musical pieces. For those who scored high on empathy, they tended to prefer soft rock, R&B country, and folk. 18 Further, they tended to enjoy music that had low energy, negative emotions, or emotional depth. From these characteristics, the researchers identified several songs that would be ideal for empathizers: “Hallelujah” by Jeff Buckley, “Come away with me” by Norah Jones, and “All of me” by Billie Holiday. 19 They favored intense music and disliked the soft and simple styles. Their music tended towards high energy, or positive emotions, and also featured a high degree of depth and complexity. From this, the researchers believed that “Concerto in C” by Antonio Vivaldi, “Etude Opus 65 No. 3” by Alexander Scriabin, and “Enter Sandman” by Metallica would be ideal songs for systemizers. 20 “A lot of money is put into algorithms (运算法则) to choose what music you may want to listen to, for example, on Spotify and Apple Music,” said Greenberg. “By knowing an individual’s thinking style, such services might in future be able to fine tune their music recommendations to an individual.” A．But they disliked more intense music like punk and heavy metal. B．These findings could prove useful, especially for the music industry. C．Meanwhile, those who scored high on systemizing were exactly opposite. D．Based on the findings, researchers recommend particular styles for different people. E．It divides people into groups according to whether they tend to empathize or systemize. F．He argued that musical preferences reflect clear characteristics such as age and personality. G．He argued people’s cognitive style can be a better predictor of what music they like than their personality. 第二部分 语言运用（共二节, 满分30分） 第一节 完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分, 共15分） Nature has always fascinated me. To 21 the urban environment, there is nothing better than some 22 plants and flowers. Growing up, I was always fortunate to be around 23 gardens. My grandfather could actually have been considered to be quite “green-fingered”, as there were always impressive flowers in his garden. I had been a 24 admirer of the work done by him and gardeners generally until recent months, when I decided to 25 my hand to cultivating some plants. Unlike my grandfather, I only have a small 26 to conduct my activities, but that has not 27 me in the slightest. It’s possible to make a nice “garden” even in such a narrow space, but one must also 28 one’s ambitions to a certain extent. I decided to take the seeds of one humble little tomato and plant them in a number of 29 . After several weeks, I was amazed by the 30 . There are about 15 tomato plants on my balcony in different 31 of growth. It’s a pleasing 32 to see this greenery on my balcony. I keep my fingers 33 that one day this little bit of nature will give me something very practical: some nice tasty tomatoes. It’s also very 34 to be engaging in a practice which is as old as time itself, as plant life is essentially the most 35 and oldest technology on our planet. 21．A．set off B．brighten up C．carry through D．figure out 22．A．original B．necessary C．primary D．attractive 23．A．well-decorated B．well-grounded C．well-tended D．well-intentioned 24．A．passive B．respectful C．sacred D．mild 25．A．reach B．seek C．settle D．turn 26．A．garden B．room C．balcony D．space 27．A．discouraged B．conquered C．terrified D．relieved 28．A．satisfy B．limit C．explore D．prefer 29．A．sorts B．spots C．pots D．items 30．A．results B．procedures C．charms D．images 31．A．positions B．stages C．shapes D．ways 32．A．memory B．occasion C．issue D．sight 33．A．pressed B．crossed C．rolled D．cracked 34．A．demanding B．rewarding C．challenging D．surprising 35．A．advanced B．diverse C．typical D．basic 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A typhoon is a harmful storm 36 occurs in the north-west Pacific Ocean. In 2013,when Super Typhoon Haiyan hit the Philippines and neighbouring countries, huge waves there 37 (crash) into the coasts, causing serious damage. The disaster killed thousands of people in the area at large. Although no way might be found 38 (stop) a typhoon, you can get 39 (prepare) for it. Typhoon is one of the strongest stroms to 40 (threat) people’s lives. In order to protect yourself from a typhoon, follow the safety procedures properly. If a typhoon approaches, close 41 lock all windows and doors, and tie down large outdoor 42 (object) so that they do not blow away. During a typhoon, you should do 43 (you) best to keep your head. It is also 44 (extreme) important that you stay inside. If you have to go outside, remember to exit using the stairs. When you are in 45 open air, stay away from trees, large signs and light poles. Inform yourself of what is going on and pay attention to news updates to confirm whether the danger is gone. These tips will help keep you safe and sound in the face of a typhoon. 第三部分写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46．周日，你校组织了一次“认识我们周围的植物”为主题的登山运动。请你写一则英文通讯，介绍此情况。内容包括： 1.活动简介； 2.你的感想。 注意： 1.写作词数应为80左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节（满分25分） 47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 “Don’t judge each day by the harvest you get but by the seeds that you plant.” This simple yet deep wisdom came to life through the journey of a delicate plant in my family. Years ago, I received twelve small cuttings. With time, they grew into a beautiful plant with tiny, tear-shaped leaves hanging over the container’s edges. However, my inexperience almost killed it. Dried-up, brown leaves hung down from the pot, and I thought it was beyond saving. Desperate, I took it to my mother, Rose. With a gentle smile, she took charge, cutting back the branches, watering the remaining shoots, and encouraging the hidden leaves into the sunlight. Every year, the plant bloomed (开花) in warm months but faded in winter. Mom’s constant care ensured its springtime revival (复活) year after year. As the plant’s life cycle continued, my mother’s health declined as well. During a difficult spring when both faced challenges, Aunt Marion took over the plant’s care. She brought the weak, dried branches home and managed to revive it. The familiar pattern of growth and resting went on until one spring, when Aunt Marion thought it was hopeless and threw it away. But my cousin Carole, spotting the dried-up remains, gave the plant one last chance. Under her care in the sunroom, it beat the difficulties and grew again. Over the years, four women in my family — myself, my mother, my aunt, and my cousin — had cared for this plant. Similar to its journey, my life also had seasons of plenty and hard times. After my mother’s death, I moved over 500 miles away, seeking a fresh start. The long winter months that followed were filled with longing for my old life, even as I explored new horizons. 注意：1. 续写词数应为 150左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 The reunion with my mother’s plant at my cousin’s house brought touching surprises. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Back home, I planted those precious cuttings. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 5 Revealing Nature 单元提升卷--2025-2026学年高中英语外研版（2019）选择性必修第一册 解析卷 （考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：120分） 第一部分阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项 A Engage students with science with these exciting and entertaining experiments! Students will love exploring while also gaining invaluable experience by designing and conducting experiments.Sunscreen Experiment Kids often don’t enjoy being told they need sunscreen, so showing its power through demonstration can help them see its value. This science fair project uses simple white beads (珠子) that change color when exposed to UV rays (紫外线) so children can compare the effectiveness of different sunscreen products. Start this experiment by applying some of each sunscreen type on paper and placing both pieces of paper in direct sunlight for several hours.Sundial (日晷) Experiment Using a sundial to tell time is a fascinating science activity that helps students gain knowledge of shadows and the movement of sunlight across the sky. Through this hands-on experiment, students gain an opportunity to see how people in previous times knew time without clocks or watches. Start this experiment by asking students to identify an outdoor spot that receives sunlight all day, placing a flat board there, tracing the shadows onto it and noting where the shadows will fall at certain points of the day.Mineral Experiment Students learn to identify rocks and minerals through this simple experiment. They use a plate to test the hardness of various common minerals. They also observe how these minerals form crystals (晶体) and how they break apart differently from others. This lesson helps students understand the characteristics and uses of different minerals. Students can even form “companies” and compete to mine different types of rocks with specific features. 1．What is the main purpose of using beads in the sunscreen experiment? A．To compare the prices of sunscreen. B．To show the effectiveness of sunscreen. C．To analyze the impact of sunscreen on skin. D．To demonstrate chemical reactions in sunscreen. 2．How do students begin the sundial experiment? A．By building a sundial from beginning. B．By comparing different types of sundials. C．By measuring the length of their shadows. D．By identifying a sunny spot and using a flat board. 3．What does the mineral experiment allow students to do? A．Observe crystal formation. B．Learn geological history. C．Sell rocks they mine. D．Form companies. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 【导语】本文是应用文。文章介绍了几个适合学生做的科学实验。 1．细节理解题。根据Sunscreen Experiment下的“This science fair project uses simple white beads (珠子) that change color when exposed to UV rays (紫外线) so children can compare the effectiveness of different sunscreen products.(这个科学展览项目使用简单的白色珠子，当暴露在紫外线下时会改变颜色，这样孩子们就可以比较不同防晒产品的效果)”可知，在防晒实验中使用珠子的主要目的是来展示防晒霜的功效。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据Sundial (日晷) Experiment下的“Start this experiment by asking students to identify an outdoor spot that receives sunlight all day, placing a flat board there, tracing the shadows onto it and noting where the shadows will fall at certain points of the day.(实验开始时，让学生们找出一个整天都能接受阳光的户外地点，在那里放一块平板，在上面画出阴影，并注意到阴影在一天中的特定时间会落在哪里)”可知，学生找一个阳光充足的地方，用一块平板来开始日晷实验。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据Mineral Experiment下的“They also observe how these minerals form crystals (晶体) and how they break apart differently from others.(他们还观察这些矿物质是如何形成晶体的，以及它们是如何以不同的方式分裂的)”可知，Mineral Experiment允许学生观察晶体形成。故选A项。 B For decades, recursion (递归) — the ability to create patterns within patterns, like boxes fitting inside each other — was seen as a skill only humans used in language. This tool lets us build endless sentences from simple words, such as “The monkey watches the bird following the butterfly that eats flowers”. However, a new study on wild orangutans (红毛猩猩) questions this idea, suggesting this ability might have existed much earlier in our shared evolutionary history. Researchers from the University of Warwick studied over 1,000 alarm calls from female Sumatran orangutans. They found a surprising three-level repeating pattern in their sounds. First, single sounds formed small groups, which then combined into longer sequences, and finally repeated in even larger series — all keeping a steady rhythm at each level. This musical-like layering showed complexity never seen before in animals outside humans. Importantly, the orangutans changed their calls based on danger. When real hunters like tigers appeared, their sounds became faster and sharper. For false threats, the calls slowed down and lost their regular beat. This flexibility proved their sounds were not accidental but carried clear messages about different dangers. Dr. Chiara De Gregorio, lead author of the study, stated, “Discovering such advanced sound patterns in orangutans makes us rethink what makes human language special. Recursion likely didn’t appear suddenly in humans but developed slowly in our ancient ancestors.” The findings suggest this key language feature might have existed over 10 million years ago, long before humans spoke complex words. By comparing orangutan communication to human language, scientists now better understand how evolution shaped our ability to share ideas. These results also reveal the impressive mental abilities of great apes (类人猿), pushing us to reconsider the line between animal calls and human speech. As Dr. De Gregorio says, “Every sound in an orangutan’s call may hold secrets about how our own language began.” 4．What did researchers discover about orangutans’ alarm calls? A．They model after humans’ speech rhythms. B．Their calls are identical across all situations. C．They use unique words to identify different threats. D．Their sounds follow a structured pattern with multiple layers. 5．How did orangutans adjust their calls when facing real dangers? A．Their calls became quicker and higher. B．They produced deeper sounds. C．They completely stopped voice. D．Their sounds change with a fast-paced rhythm. 6．What does the study imply about the origin of recursion in language? A．It evolved separately in humans and orangutans. B．It is a modern skill unrelated to evolutionary history. C．It only exists in animals with advanced social systems. D．It might have developed gradually in early human ancestors. 7．What is the text? A．A news article. B．A scientific study. C．A historical account. D．A scientific guide. 【答案】4．D 5．A 6．D 7．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了关于红毛猩猩叫声结构的研究发现，研究人员通过研究发现红毛猩猩的叫声展现了类人猿中类似人类递归语言的复杂结构。 4．细节理解题。根据第二段“They found a surprising three-level repeating pattern in their sounds.(他们发现这些叫声中存在一个令人惊讶的三级重复模式)”可知，研究人员发现猩猩的警报叫声遵循一种有规律的模式，包含多个层次。故选D。 5．细节理解题。根据第三段“Importantly, the orangutans changed their calls based on danger. When real hunters like tigers appeared, their sounds became faster and sharper.(重要的是，这些猩猩会根据危险情况改变它们的叫声。当出现真正的捕猎者（如老虎）时，它们的叫声会变得更快、更尖锐)”可知，当面临真正的危险时，猩猩的叫声变得越来越急促、越来越高亢。故选A。 6．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Recursion likely didn’t appear suddenly in humans but developed slowly in our ancient ancestors.(递归结构很可能并非突然在人类身上出现，而是由我们的远古祖先逐渐发展而来的)”可知，递归现象可能是由早期人类祖先逐渐演变而来的。故选D。 7．推理判断题。根据第一段“However, a new study on wild orangutans (红毛猩猩) questions this idea, suggesting this ability might have existed much earlier in our shared evolutionary history.(然而，一项关于野生猩猩的新研究对这一观点提出了质疑，该研究表明这种能力可能在我们共同的进化历程中出现得更为早些)”以及文章主要介绍了关于红毛猩猩叫声结构的研究发现，研究人员通过研究发现红毛猩猩的叫声展现了类人猿中类似人类递归语言的复杂结构。可知，文章是一项科学研究。故选B。 C “Know thyself” is the most famous saying of Greek philosophy. The idea of self-knowledge is so foundational to a meaningful existence. In his tragedy (悲剧) Thyestes, the Stoic philosopher Seneca writes, “Death lies heavily on him / Who, though to all the world well known, / Is stranger to himself alone.” And as Shakespeare asserts in his comedy As You Like It, “The fool doth think he is wise, but the wise man /knows himself to be a fool.” What exactly does it mean to know yourself? For neuroscientists, self-knowledge is the combination of two forms of information, your own self-beliefs and your perceptions of how others view you. This technical definition of self-knowledge concerns only the mechanisms involved and does not say anything about the quality of the information. In effect, if you think you’re a rooster and believe others see you as one too, that counts as self-knowledge. However, I strongly question that the thinkers at Greece had a bit more in mind than this; they no doubt meant “Know thyself accurately.” That is a much taller order, requiring a huge quantity of truthful information about your inner states — attitudes, beliefs, emotions, and motives. Accurate self-knowledge also means avoiding mistakes and correcting illusions, being completely honest with yourself, and predicting how you will feel and react in the future. By this impossibly strict standard, we probably all overestimate our capacity for accurate self-knowledge. Psychological experiments have revealed that ratings of one’s own self-assessments are “moderate to poor” in accuracy and are generally less sound than external evaluations. One reason is that we’re likely to make cognitive (认知的) errors about what we see happening in our lives. Researchers have found that humans are easy to miss seeing our problems, mistakes, and opportunities. Many things in our lives go unnoticed because we don’t know the language for them or don’t understand them. This is called hypo-cognition, a deficit of cognition. In studies exploring this phenomenon, British participants were more likely to notice cheese than Asian dumplings in their daily lives, while Chinese participants noticed the reverse. Much of our self-knowledge deficit comes from willful ignorance. Psychologists have long observed the human tendency to use motivated reasoning to reassure ourselves that our opinions are right, to ignore critical self-reflective information, and generally to maintain positive illusions and find ways to avoid facing reality-based negative emotions. So basic and necessary to our being are these traits that collectively they have been called our “psychological immune system.” This characteristic rationalizing is almost certainly based in our biology. This human capacity to maintain ignorance in the face of potentially negative self-knowledge might make you more comfortable in the short term, but it leads to many missed opportunities for greater well-being and success in the long run. Research has shown that more honest self-awareness — of both positive and negative information — improves self-development because you know what to improve. This enables better personal decision making rooted in accurate information, especially when striving toward goals. 8．The author mentions Seneca and Shakespeare mainly to ______. A．draw a comparison B．give a suggestion C．explain a concept D．strengthen an argument 9．As for the definition of self-knowledge from neuroscientists, the author is ______. A．appreciative B．suspicious C．unconcerned D．neutral 10．What does the term “hypo-cognition” underlined in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．The inability to process truthful information. B．The refusal to reflect on negative information. C．The lack of concepts to describe specific experiences. D．The tendency to spot cultural differences in perception. 11．It is implied in this passage that we should ______. A．focus on negative rather than positive feedback B．follow the beliefs and emotions of our internal states C．stop making excuses for unfavorable self-knowledge D．spare no effort to get rid of imperfect self-knowledge 【答案】8．D 9．B 10．C 11．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章探讨了自我认知的重要性、定义以及人类在自我认知方面的局限性和改进方法。 8．推理判断题。根据第一段中“‘Know thyself’ is the most famous saying of Greek philosophy. The idea of self-knowledge is so foundational to a meaningful existence. (‘认识你自己’是希腊哲学中最著名的格言。自我认知的理念是有意义的存在的基础)”接着引用了哲学家Seneca和Shakespeare的话来强调自我认知的重要性。由此可知，作者提到Seneca和Shakespeare是为了加强“自我认知是有意义的存在的基础”这一论点。故选D。 9．推理判断题。根据第二段中“For neuroscientists, self-knowledge is the combination of two forms of information, your own self-beliefs and your perceptions of how others view you. This technical definition of self-knowledge concerns only the mechanisms involved and does not say anything about the quality of the information.(对于神经科学家来说，自我认知是两种信息形式的结合，即你自己的自我信念和你对他人如何看待你的看法。这种自我认知的技术定义只涉及所涉及的机制，并没有说明信息的质量)”和“However, I strongly question that the thinkers at Greece had a bit more in mind than this; they no doubt meant ‘Know thyself accurately.’ (然而，我强烈质疑希腊的思想家们是否有比这更多的想法；他们无疑是指‘准确地认识你自己。’)”可知，作者对神经科学家关于自我认知的定义（仅关注机制，不涉及信息质量）持怀疑态度，觉得其过于浅显，认为古希腊思想家所指的自我认知更为准确和深入。故选B。 10．词句猜测题。根据第四段中“Many things in our lives go unnoticed because we don’t know the language for them or don’t understand them. This is called hypo-cognition, a deficit of cognition. (我们生活中的许多事情都被忽视了，因为我们不知道如何用语言描述它们，或者不理解它们。这被称为hypo-cognition，一种认知缺陷)”可知，下划线词hypo-cognition指的是缺乏描述特定经历的概念。故选C。 11．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Research has shown that more honest self-awareness — of both positive and negative information — improves self-development because you know what to improve. This enables better personal decision making rooted in accurate information, especially when striving toward goals. (研究表明，更诚实的自我意识——包括正面和负面信息——有助于自我发展，因为你知道需要改进什么。这使得基于准确信息的更好的个人决策成为可能，尤其是在追求目标时)”可知，文章暗示我们应该停止为不利的自我认知找借口，而是要诚实地面对自己，以便更好地改进和发展。故选C。 D In the 1970s, psychologist J. P. Guilford conducted a famous study of creativity known as the nine-dot puzzle (九点谜题). He challenged research subjects to connect all nine dots using just four straight lines without lifting their pencils from the page. All participants limited solutions to those within the imaginary square. Only 20 percent managed to break out of the confinement (束缚) and continue their lines in the white space surrounding the dots. The fact that 80 percent of the participants were effectively blinded by the boundaries of the square led Guilford to jump to the conclusion that creativity requires you to go outside the box. The idea went viral. Overnight, creativity experts everywhere were teaching managers how to think outside the box. The concept was so popular that nobody bothered to check the facts. Nobody, that is, before two different research teams — Clarke Burnham with Kennedy Davis, and Joseph Alba with Robert Weisberg — ran another experiment. Both teams divided their participants into two groups. The first group was given the same instructions as the participants in Guilford’s experiment. The second group was told that the solution required the lines to be drawn outside the imaginary box. Guess what? Only 25 percent solved the puzzle. In statistical terms, this 5 percent improvement is insignificant as this could be called sampling error. Let’s look a little more closely at the unexpected result. Solving this problem requires people to literally think outside the box. Yet participants’ performance was not improved even when they were given specific instructions to do so. That is, direct and clear instructions to think outside the box did not help. That this advice is useless should effectively have killed off the widely spread — and therefore, much more dangerous — metaphor that out-of-the-box thinking boosts creativity. After all, with one simple yet brilliant experiment, researchers had proven that the conceptual link between thinking outside the box and creativity was a misunderstanding. 12．What did the nine-dot puzzle study focus on? A．Body flexibility. B．Practical experience. C．Thinking patterns. D．Theoretical knowledge. 13．Why did the two research teams run the follow-up experiment? A．To contradict the initial idea. B．To test the catchy concept. C．To collect supporting evidence. D．To identify the underlying logic. 14．Which of the following best describes the follow-up experiment? A．Impractical. B．Revealing. C．Fruitless. D．Inspiring. 15．What is the best title for the text? A．Nine-Dot Puzzle: A Magic Test B．Puzzle Solving: A Key To Creativity C．Creative Thinking: We Fell For The Trap D．Thinking Outside The Box: A Misguided idea 【答案】12．C 13．B 14．B 15．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章借九点谜题实验，反驳“跳出框框思考能提升创造力”这一观点。 12．细节理解题。根据第一段“In the 1970s, psychologist J. P. Guilford conducted a famous study of creativity known as the nine-dot puzzle. He challenged research subjects to connect all nine dots using just four straight lines without lifting their pencils from the page. (20世纪70年代，心理学家J. P. 吉尔福德进行了一项著名的关于创造力的研究，即九点谜题。他要求研究对象仅用四条直线连接所有九个点，且铅笔不能离开纸面。)”可知，九点谜题研究关注的是人们如何去连接九个点，这涉及到思考模式。故选C。 13．推理判断题。根据第二段“The concept was so popular that nobody bothered to check the facts. Nobody, that is, before two different research teams — Clarke Burnham with Kennedy Davis, and Joseph Alba with Robert Weisberg — ran another experiment. (这个概念非常流行，以至于没有人愿意去核实事实。也就是说，在两个不同的研究团队——克拉克·伯纳姆和肯尼迪·戴维斯，以及约瑟夫·阿尔巴和罗伯特·韦斯伯格——进行另一个实验之前，没有人这么做。)”可推知，两个研究团队进行后续实验是为了测试这个广受欢迎但未经证实的概念。故选B。 14．推理判断题。根据最后一段“After all, with one simple yet brilliant experiment, researchers had proven that the conceptual link between thinking outside the box and creativity was a misunderstanding. (毕竟，通过一个简单而精彩的实验，研究人员已经证明，跳出框框思考和创造力之间的概念联系是一种误解。)”可知，后续实验揭示了“跳出框框思考能提升创造力”这一观点是错误的，所以这个实验具有揭示性。故选B。 15．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段的“After all, with one simple yet brilliant experiment, researchers had proven that the conceptual link between thinking outside the box and creativity was a misunderstanding. (毕竟，通过一个简单却绝妙的实验，研究人员已经证明，“跳出固有思维框架（跳出常规思维）与创造力之间存在概念关联”这一观点其实是一种误解。)”可知，文章主要讲述了心理学家吉尔福德的九点谜题研究引发了“跳出框框思考能提升创造力”这一观点，但后续实验证明这个观点是错误的，是一个被误导的想法。故选D。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） Your Musical Preference Gives Insights into How You Think A study out of Cambridge found that your musical preferences can give insights into how you think. The study focused on a particular theory of personality known as the Empathizing-Systemizing (E-S) Theory. 16 An empathizer likes to focus on and respond to the emotions of others, while a systemizer likes to analyze rules and patterns in the world. Cognitive style may seem like an unusual way to group people, but the researchers found that it worked well. “Although people’s music choices change over time, we’ve discovered a person’s empathy level and thinking style predict what kind of music they like,” said PhD student David Greenberg, the leader of the study, in a statement. 17 To study a somewhat unusual subject, they took a somewhat unique route: They gathered data through Facebook. Over 4,000 people participated through the myPersonality app by first taking a personality assessment. Later, they listened to and rated 50 musical pieces. For those who scored high on empathy, they tended to prefer soft rock, R&B country, and folk. 18 Further, they tended to enjoy music that had low energy, negative emotions, or emotional depth. From these characteristics, the researchers identified several songs that would be ideal for empathizers: “Hallelujah” by Jeff Buckley, “Come away with me” by Norah Jones, and “All of me” by Billie Holiday. 19 They favored intense music and disliked the soft and simple styles. Their music tended towards high energy, or positive emotions, and also featured a high degree of depth and complexity. From this, the researchers believed that “Concerto in C” by Antonio Vivaldi, “Etude Opus 65 No. 3” by Alexander Scriabin, and “Enter Sandman” by Metallica would be ideal songs for systemizers. 20 “A lot of money is put into algorithms (运算法则) to choose what music you may want to listen to, for example, on Spotify and Apple Music,” said Greenberg. “By knowing an individual’s thinking style, such services might in future be able to fine tune their music recommendations to an individual.” A．But they disliked more intense music like punk and heavy metal. B．These findings could prove useful, especially for the music industry. C．Meanwhile, those who scored high on systemizing were exactly opposite. D．Based on the findings, researchers recommend particular styles for different people. E．It divides people into groups according to whether they tend to empathize or systemize. F．He argued that musical preferences reflect clear characteristics such as age and personality. G．He argued people’s cognitive style can be a better predictor of what music they like than their personality. 【答案】16．E 17．G 18．A 19．C 20．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了剑桥大学的一项研究表明，人的音乐偏好能反映其思维模式，共情型偏爱柔和音乐，系统型偏爱复杂激烈的音乐，该发现可帮助音乐流媒体平台优化个性化推荐算法。 16．前文“The study focused on a particular theory of personality known as the Empathizing-Systemizing (E-S) Theory. (这项研究的重点是一种特殊的人格理论，即共情-系统化(E-S)理论)”提到研究涉及的E-S理论，后文“An empathizer likes to focus on and respond to the emotions of others, while a systemizer likes to analyze rules and patterns in the world. (共情型人格倾向于关注和回应他人的情绪，而系统型人格则喜欢分析世界中的规则和模式)”详细说明两类人格对应的思维风格，此处需解释E-S理论中的分类方式，因此E项“It divides people into groups according to whether they tend to empathize or systemize. (它根据人们倾向于共情或系统化思维将人分组)”符合语境，承前启后，其中的It指代前文的the Empathizing-Systemizing Theory。故选E。 17．前文““Although people’s music choices change over time, we’ve discovered a person’s empathy level and thinking style predict what kind of music they like,” said PhD student David Greenberg, the leader of the study, in a statement. (“尽管人们的音乐选择会随时间变化，但我们已经发现一个人的共情能力和思维方式可以预测他们喜欢的音乐类型，”该研究负责人、博士生David Greenberg在一份声明中表示)”提到David Greenberg的研究发现，说明E-S理论可用于预测音乐类型的偏好，此处需补充Greenberg的观点，因此G项“He argued people’s cognitive style can be a better predictor of what music they like than their personality. (他认为人们的认知风格比性格更能预测其音乐偏好)”符合语境，承接前文，其中的He指代前文的David Greenberg。故选G。 18．前文“For those who scored high on empathy, they tended to prefer soft rock, R&B country, and folk. (研究发现，共情能力得分较高的人通常更喜欢轻柔摇滚、节奏蓝调乡村音乐和民谣)”指出高共情者偏好柔和风格，此处可能会补充其不喜欢的音乐类型，因此A项“But they disliked more intense music like punk and heavy metal. (但他们不喜欢朋克、重金属等激烈音乐)”符合语境，和前文构成转折。故选A。 19．上一段描述高共情者的音乐偏好，后文“They favored intense music and disliked the soft and simple styles. Their music tended towards high energy, or positive emotions, and also featured a high degree of depth and complexity. (他们青睐强烈激昂的音乐，对柔和简约的曲风则兴趣索然。他们的音乐倾向于高能量，或积极的情绪，也具有高度的深度和复杂性)”详细描述系统型人格者的音乐偏好，此处需指出这类人群总的特点，因此C项“Meanwhile, those who scored high on systemizing were exactly opposite. (而系统化思维高分者的偏好完全相反)”符合语境，和上一段构成转折，统领后文内容。故选C。 20．后文““A lot of money is put into algorithms (运算法则) to choose what music you may want to listen to, for example, on Spotify and Apple Music,” said Greenberg. “By knowing an individual’s thinking style, such services might in future be able to fine tune their music recommendations to an individual.” (Greenberg说：“很多钱被投入到算法中，用来选择你可能想听的音乐，比如在Spotify和Apple Music上。通过了解个人的思维方式，这些服务将来可能能够针对个人调整音乐推荐。”)”主要指出研究思维方式可以用于平台的音乐推荐优化，此处应总的说明研究价值，因此B项“These findings could prove useful, especially for the music industry. (这些发现可能对音乐产业特别有用)”符合语境，契合后文内容，其中的these findings指代前文的研究结论。故选B。 第二部分 语言运用（共二节, 满分30分） 第一节 完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分, 共15分） Nature has always fascinated me. To 21 the urban environment, there is nothing better than some 22 plants and flowers. Growing up, I was always fortunate to be around 23 gardens. My grandfather could actually have been considered to be quite “green-fingered”, as there were always impressive flowers in his garden. I had been a 24 admirer of the work done by him and gardeners generally until recent months, when I decided to 25 my hand to cultivating some plants. Unlike my grandfather, I only have a small 26 to conduct my activities, but that has not 27 me in the slightest. It’s possible to make a nice “garden” even in such a narrow space, but one must also 28 one’s ambitions to a certain extent. I decided to take the seeds of one humble little tomato and plant them in a number of 29 . After several weeks, I was amazed by the 30 . There are about 15 tomato plants on my balcony in different 31 of growth. It’s a pleasing 32 to see this greenery on my balcony. I keep my fingers 33 that one day this little bit of nature will give me something very practical: some nice tasty tomatoes. It’s also very 34 to be engaging in a practice which is as old as time itself, as plant life is essentially the most 35 and oldest technology on our planet. 21．A．set off B．brighten up C．carry through D．figure out 22．A．original B．necessary C．primary D．attractive 23．A．well-decorated B．well-grounded C．well-tended D．well-intentioned 24．A．passive B．respectful C．sacred D．mild 25．A．reach B．seek C．settle D．turn 26．A．garden B．room C．balcony D．space 27．A．discouraged B．conquered C．terrified D．relieved 28．A．satisfy B．limit C．explore D．prefer 29．A．sorts B．spots C．pots D．items 30．A．results B．procedures C．charms D．images 31．A．positions B．stages C．shapes D．ways 32．A．memory B．occasion C．issue D．sight 33．A．pressed B．crossed C．rolled D．cracked 34．A．demanding B．rewarding C．challenging D．surprising 35．A．advanced B．diverse C．typical D．basic 【答案】 21．B 22．D 23．C 24．A 25．D 26．C 27．A 28．B 29．C 30．A 31．B 32．D 33．B 34．B 35．D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要说明了作者受到祖父花园的启发，决定着手种植一些植物，最终种植蔬菜成功了。 21．考查动词短语辨析。句意：为了装点城市环境，没有什么比一些有吸引力的植物和鲜花更好的了。A. set off出发，动身；B. brighten up使更艳丽，使更美丽；C. carry through渡过难关；D. figure out弄清楚。根据下文“plants and flowers”可知，植物和花朵可以使城市更加美丽，故选B。 22．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. original原本的；B. necessary必要的；C. primary首要的，主要的；D. attractive有吸引力的。根据上文“To ____1____ the urban environment”可知，应是用吸引人的植物和花朵装点城市，故选D。 23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从小到大，我一直很幸运地生活在精心照料的花园周围。A. well-decorated装饰得很好的；B. well-grounded有充分理由的；C. well-tended精心照料的；D. well-intentioned善意的。根据下文“My grandfather could actually have been considered to be quite ‘green-fingered’, as there were always impressive flowers in his garden. (我的祖父实际上可以被认为是一个‘园艺能手’，因为他的花园里总是有令人印象深刻的花。)”可知，作者的祖父是“园艺能手”，推知他会精心照料花园，故选C。 24．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：直到最近几个月，我才决定着手种植一些植物，对他和园丁们所做的工作，我一直是一个被动的钦佩者。A. passive被动的；B. respectful尊敬的；C. sacred害怕的；D. mild温和的。根据下文“until recent months, when I decided to ____5____ my hand to cultivating some plants”可知，作者最近才决定自己动手种植，故之前一直是一个被动的欣赏者，故选A。 25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. reach到达；B. seek寻求；C. settle定居；D. turn（使）转动，朝着，向……方向。根据下文“I decided to take the seeds of one humble little tomato and plant them in a number of ____9____.”可知，作者决定自己动手种植一些植物，turn one’s hand to doing sth“动手做某事”，故选D。 26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：不像我的祖父，我只有一个小阳台来进行我的活动，但这丝毫没有使我气馁。A. garden花园；B. room房间；C. balcony阳台；D. space空间。根据下文“There are about 15 tomato plants on my balcony (我的阳台上大约有15株番茄)”可知，作者在阳台种植植物，故选C。 27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. discouraged使气馁，使泄气；B. conquered征服，克服；C. terrified使十分害怕；D. relieved解除，减轻。根据下文“It’s possible to make a nice “garden” even in such a narrow space”可知，作者没有因为种植的空间小而气馁，故选A 28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：即使在这么狭小的空间里，也有可能做出一个漂亮的“花园”，但也必须在一定程度上限制自己的野心。A. satisfy使满足；B. limit限制；C. explore探索；D. prefer更喜欢。根据上文“make a nice “garden” even in such a narrow space”可知，在狭小的空间打造花园需要在一定程度上限制自己的野心，故选B。 29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我决定取一个不起眼的小番茄的种子，把它们种在几个花盆里。A. sorts分类，种类；B. spots地点，场所；C. pots罐，陶盆；D. items项目。根据上文“the seeds of one humble little tomato”和语境可知，作者要在阳台种植植物，应是种在花盆里，故选C。 30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：几个星期后，我对结果感到惊讶。A. results结果；B. procedures步骤；C. charms吸引力，魅力；D. images形象。根据上文“the seeds of one humble little tomato”以及下文“There are about 15 tomato plants on my balcony”可知，种子长出了番茄苗，故此处指种植结果，故选A。 31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的阳台上大约有15株不同生长阶段的番茄。A. positions位置；B. stages阶段；C. shapes形状；D. ways方法。根据空前“15 tomato plants”和空后“of growth”可知，此处指不同生长阶段的番茄苗，故选B。 32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我的阳台上看到这些绿色植物是一种令人愉快的景象。A. memory回忆；B. occasion场合；C. issue问题；D. sight景象，情景。根据空后“see this greenery on my balcony”可知，此处指在阳台上看到这些绿色植物是一种令人愉快的景象，故选D。 33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我祈祷有一天这一点大自然会给我一些非常实用的东西：一些美味的番茄。A. pressed按压；B. crossed交叉；C. rolled滚动；D. cracked（使）破裂。根据下文“one day this little bit of nature will give me something very practical: some nice tasty tomatoes”可知，此处是交叉手指祈祷将来会结出番茄，故选B。 34．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从事一项与时间本身一样古老的实践也是非常有益的，因为植物生命本质上是我们这个星球上最基本、最古老的技术。A. demanding要求高的；B. rewarding值得的，有意义的；C. challenging有挑战的；D. surprising令人惊讶的。根据上文“one day this little bit of nature will give me something very practical”可知，作者认为种植是一项有益的实践，故选B。 35．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. advanced先进的；B. diverse不同的；C. typical典型的；D. basic基本的。根据上文“a practice which is as old as time itself”和语境可知，种植和时间一样古老，植物是生命本质上是我们这个星球上最基本和最古老的技术，故选D。 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A typhoon is a harmful storm 36 occurs in the north-west Pacific Ocean. In 2013,when Super Typhoon Haiyan hit the Philippines and neighbouring countries, huge waves there 37 (crash) into the coasts, causing serious damage. The disaster killed thousands of people in the area at large. Although no way might be found 38 (stop) a typhoon, you can get 39 (prepare) for it. Typhoon is one of the strongest stroms to 40 (threat) people’s lives. In order to protect yourself from a typhoon, follow the safety procedures properly. If a typhoon approaches, close 41 lock all windows and doors, and tie down large outdoor 42 (object) so that they do not blow away. During a typhoon, you should do 43 (you) best to keep your head. It is also 44 (extreme) important that you stay inside. If you have to go outside, remember to exit using the stairs. When you are in 45 open air, stay away from trees, large signs and light poles. Inform yourself of what is going on and pay attention to news updates to confirm whether the danger is gone. These tips will help keep you safe and sound in the face of a typhoon. 【答案】 36．which/that 37．crashed 38．to stop 39．prepared 40．threaten 41．and 42．objects 43．your 44．extremely 45．the 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了台风的定义、危害以及如何在台风来临时做好防护措施。 36．考查定语从句。句意：台风是一种发生在西北太平洋的有害风暴。空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词storm，指物，关系词替代先行词在从句中主语，故用关系代词which或that。故填which/that。 37．考查动词时态。句意：2013年，当超级台风海燕袭击菲律宾及邻国时，巨大的海浪冲击海岸，造成严重破坏。空格处作谓语动词，描述过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时crashed。故填crashed。 38．考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管可能找不到阻止台风的方法，但你可以做好准备。说明上文的名词way，应该用不定式形式，表示目的或解决方案的意图。故填to stop。 39．考查形容词。句意：尽管可能找不到阻止台风的方法，但你可以做好准备。根据句意和空格前的系动词get可知，空格处应该用形容词prepared作表语，be/get prepared for (为……作准备)。故填prepared。 40．考查非谓语动词。句意：台风是对人类生命构成威胁的最强风暴之一。根据句意和空格前的不定式符号to可知，空格处应该用动词原形threaten。故填threaten。 41．考查连词。句意：如果台风来袭，关闭并锁好所有门窗，并固定大型户外物品，以防它们被吹走。空格处连接两个并列的动词close和lock，故用并列连词and。故填and。 42．考查名词复数。句意：如果台风来袭，关闭并锁好所有门窗，并固定大型户外物品，以防它们被吹走。object是可数名词，此处应该用复数形式表示泛指。故填objects。 43．考查代词。句意：在台风期间，你应该尽你最大的努力保持冷静。do one’s best“尽最大努力”是固定搭配，所以空格处应该用形容词性物主代词your。故填your。 44．考查副词。句意：你待在室内也极其重要。空格处修饰形容词important，作状语，应该用副词extremely。故填extremely。 45．考查冠词。句意：当你在户外时，远离树木、大型标志和路灯。in the open air“在户外”是固定搭配。故填the。 第三部分写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46．周日，你校组织了一次“认识我们周围的植物”为主题的登山运动。请你写一则英文通讯，介绍此情况。内容包括： 1.活动简介； 2.你的感想。 注意： 1.写作词数应为80左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version A mountain climbing activity themed “Acknowledging the plants around us” was held by our school this Sunday. On the way to the top, we recorded many plants unknown to us all, and our biology teacher told us their names, and characters. To our great surprise, many of them are valuable herbal medicine. All the way to the top, we found an interesting phenomenon. Plants at the bottom of the mountain are thick and tall while they grow thinner and shorter as we climbed the mountain. We find the activity interesting and instructive, as it not only broadens our views but it gives us a good chance to refresh ourselves. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。考生所在校组织了一次“认识我们周围的植物”为主题的登山运动。请你写一则英文通讯，介绍此情况。 【详解】1.词汇积累 记录：record→chart 举行：hold→host 告诉：tell→inform 扩展：broaden→expand 2.句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：On the way to the top, we recorded many plants unknown to us all, and our biology teacher told us their names, and characters. 拓展句：It is on the way to the top that we recorded many plants unknown to us all, and our biology teacher told us their names, and characters. 【点睛】[高分句型1] A mountain climbing activity themed “Acknowledging the plants around us” was held by our school this Sunday. (运用了过去分词作定语) [高分句型2] We find the activity interesting and instructive, as it not only broadens our views but it gives us a good chance to refresh ourselves. (运用了as引导的原因状从句) 第二节（满分25分） 47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 “Don’t judge each day by the harvest you get but by the seeds that you plant.” This simple yet deep wisdom came to life through the journey of a delicate plant in my family. Years ago, I received twelve small cuttings. With time, they grew into a beautiful plant with tiny, tear-shaped leaves hanging over the container’s edges. However, my inexperience almost killed it. Dried-up, brown leaves hung down from the pot, and I thought it was beyond saving. Desperate, I took it to my mother, Rose. With a gentle smile, she took charge, cutting back the branches, watering the remaining shoots, and encouraging the hidden leaves into the sunlight. Every year, the plant bloomed (开花) in warm months but faded in winter. Mom’s constant care ensured its springtime revival (复活) year after year. As the plant’s life cycle continued, my mother’s health declined as well. During a difficult spring when both faced challenges, Aunt Marion took over the plant’s care. She brought the weak, dried branches home and managed to revive it. The familiar pattern of growth and resting went on until one spring, when Aunt Marion thought it was hopeless and threw it away. But my cousin Carole, spotting the dried-up remains, gave the plant one last chance. Under her care in the sunroom, it beat the difficulties and grew again. Over the years, four women in my family — myself, my mother, my aunt, and my cousin — had cared for this plant. Similar to its journey, my life also had seasons of plenty and hard times. After my mother’s death, I moved over 500 miles away, seeking a fresh start. The long winter months that followed were filled with longing for my old life, even as I explored new horizons. 注意：1. 续写词数应为 150左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 The reunion with my mother’s plant at my cousin’s house brought touching surprises. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Back home, I planted those precious cuttings. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】范文 The reunion with my mother’s plant at my cousin’s house brought touching surprises. On my first visit back the next June, I stayed with my cousin. One morning, while having coffee in her kitchen, the beautiful plant by the window caught my eye. “That was your mother’s plant,” Carole said in a soft voice, offering me some cuttings. I was uncertain, but she comforted me, “The more you cut it back, the fuller and stronger it becomes.” She then told about its generational history, passed down from my mother to her mother. Back home, I planted those precious cuttings. Much to my great joy, they grew well, filling two large pots. This plant’s two-decade journey through my family, from my first failure to its eventual return, became a symbol of our shared love. It reminded me how we grow through each other’s care. Reflecting on this experience, I realized that the plant’s story was a mirror of life itself. Just like it, life is not about immediate rewards, but it’s about the efforts we make, the care we give, and the faith we hold. Even in the face of difficulties, as long as we are patient and persistent, new life and hope will always emerge. 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者曾经收到12个小剪枝，快要枯萎的时候，作者把它交给了母亲罗斯。母亲把这种植物照顾得很好，但是随着植物生命周期的继续，母亲的健康状况也在下降，玛丽恩阿姨接管了这株植物的照顾，几经辗转表姐卡罗尔再次接手。母亲去世后，作者再次回到表姐家，看到了再次繁盛的植物，感悟植物的故事是生命本身的一面镜子。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“在我表姐家和母亲的植物团聚带来了令人感动的惊喜”可知，第一段可描写作者看到植物后的反应以及表姐的安慰。 ②由第二段首句内容“回到家，我种下了那些珍贵的插枝”可知，第二段可描写作者种植插枝以及感悟。 2.续写线索：看到植物繁茂——表姐安慰——种下插枝——作者感悟 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①传递：pass down/pass on ②意识到：realize/be aware of ③出现：emerge/appear 情绪类 ①高兴：joy/pleasure ②坚持：persistent/consistent 【点睛】[高分句型1] One morning, while having coffee in her kitchen, the beautiful plant by the window caught my eye.（运用了状语从句的省略） [高分句型2] It reminded me how we grow through each other’s care.（运用了how引导宾语从句） 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$