Unit 6 When was it invented 语法Grammar 一般过去时的被动语态-2025-2026学年九年级英语全一册单元语法精讲精练（人教版）

班级 姓名 学号 分数 Unit 6 When was it invented? 一般过去时的被动语态 （时间：60分钟，满分：100分） 被动语态 (Passive Voice): 强调动作的承受者（即动作的对象），而不是动作的执行者。当动作的执行者未知、不重要或显而易见时，或者为了突出动作对象时使用。 一般过去时的被动语态： 描述过去发生的动作，且强调该动作的承受者。 构成公式： 主语 (动作承受者) + was/were + 过去分词 (V-ed) + (by + 动作执行者) 主语 (Subject): 是动作的承受者/对象。 was/were: 是 be 动词的一般过去时形式。选择取决于主语的单复数： was: 用于单数主语 (I, he, she, it, 单数名词) 和不可数名词。 were: 用于复数主语 (we, you, they, 复数名词)。 过去分词 (Past Participle): 动词的第三形式 (V3)。规则动词加 -ed (如：cleaned, played, watched)，不规则动词需要单独记忆 (如：written, spoken, taken, eaten, built)。 (by + 动作执行者): 表示动作是由谁/什么执行的。这个部分经常可以省略，尤其是当动作执行者未知、不重要或不言自明时。 用法： 1. 强调动作的承受者： 当承受者比执行者更重要时。 主动： Shakespeare wrote Hamlet. (强调莎士比亚写了) 被动： Hamlet was written by Shakespeare. (强调《哈姆雷特》被写了) 2. 不知道或不关心动作执行者是谁： My wallet was stolen yesterday. (我不知道是谁偷的，也不想强调小偷，只强调钱包被偷了这件事) This building was built in 1980. (谁建的并不重要，重要的是楼建成的年代) 3. 动作执行者显而易见或不言而喻： He was arrested last night. (很明显是警察逮捕的) The letter was delivered this morning. (很明显是邮递员投递的) 4. 客观陈述事实（尤其在正式文体、新闻报道、科技文章中）： The results were announced on Friday. The experiment was conducted under controlled conditions. 5. 避免提及动作执行者（有时出于礼貌或策略）： Mistakes were made. (比说“We made mistakes”更委婉) Your application was rejected. (比直接说“We rejected your application”更间接) 句型转换 (主动变被动)： 1. 主动句结构： 主语 (执行者) + 动词过去式 + 宾语 (承受者) + 其他 2. 被动句结构： 主语 (承受者) + was/were + 过去分词 + (by + 执行者) + 其他 转换步骤： 1. 把主动句的宾语（承受者）变成被动句的主语。 2. 根据新主语（承受者）的单复数，选择 was 或 were。 3. 把主动句的动词变成其过去分词 (V3)。 4. 在动词的过去分词后，根据需要加上 by + 主动句的主语（执行者）（如果执行者重要或需要提及）。 5. 保留其他成分（时间、地点状语等）。 主动句 (Active) 被动句 (Passive) 说明 They built this house in 1990. This house was built (by them) in 1990. 宾语 (this house) 变主语；动词 build -built；加 was (单数主语)；by them (可省略) The teacher corrected the mistakes. The mistakes were corrected (by the teacher). 宾语 (the mistakes) 变主语；动词 correct -corrected；加 were (复数主语)；by the teacher (可省略) Someone broke the window last night. The window was broken (by someone) last night. 宾语 (the window) 变主语；动词 break -broken；加 was (单数主语)；by someone (通常省略) Did the noise frighten you? Were you frightened (by the noise)? 疑问句：助动词 Did 去掉，be动词 (Were) 提前；宾语 (you) 变主语；动词 frighten -frightened They didn't invite us to the party. We weren't invited (by them) to the party. 否定句：didn't 去掉，be动词 (were) 后加 not (weren't)；宾语 (us) 变主语 (we)；动词 invite -invited Who wrote this book? Who was this book written by? / By whom was this book written? 特殊疑问句：疑问词 who 保留；宾语 (this book) 变主语；动词 write -written；加 was (单数主语)；by 短语放句尾或句首（正式用 By whom） 简单记忆口诀： 过去被动并不难，承受者把主语担。 was/were 随后站，过去分词紧相连。 执行者用 by 引，常可省略记心间。 强调对象或不知，主动变被动显周全。 1、 单项选择(本大题共30小题，每小题2分，共60分) 1．Thousands of nurses and doctors have received training and help the blind after ORBIS ________in the last century. A．set up B．was set up C．is set up D．has set up 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在ORBIS上个世纪被建立之后，成千上万的医生和护士接受了训练并帮助盲人。 考查动词时态和语态。set up建立；was set up被建立，一般过去时的被动语态；is set up被建立，一般现在时的被动语态；has set up已经建立，现在完成时。根据时间状语“in the last century”可知，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，且ORBIS是“被建立”的，所以应该用一般过去时的被动语态。故选B。 2．—Do you know who invented the kite, Daisy? —Sure! It __________ by Mozi over 2,000 years ago. A．invented B．was invented C．will invent D．will be invented 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你知道是谁发明了风筝吗，黛西？——当然！它是2000多年前由墨子发明的。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据时间状语“over 2,000 years ago”可知，动作发生在过去，且主语it指代风筝，与动词invent构成被动关系，需用一般过去时的被动语态，谓语动词构成是was/were done，主语是it，be动词用was。故选B。 3．How beautiful these photos are! I wonder where they ________. A．are taken B．were taken C．will be taken D．had been taken 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这些照片多漂亮啊！我想知道它们在哪里拍的。 考查时态及语态。根据语境可知，拍摄照片的事情发生在过去，应用一般过去时，they指代照片，与谓语为被动关系，用被动语态。故选B。 4．—Your house looks so beautiful with these red lanterns. —Thanks. The red lanterns ________ by my brother and me yesterday. A．hang B．are hung C．were hung D．will be hung 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——有了这些红灯笼，你的房子看起来很漂亮。——谢谢。昨天我和弟弟挂的红灯笼。 考查时态语态。分析句子，主语lanterns和谓语动词hang之间为被动关系，根据yesterday可知，此处应用一般过去时的被动语态“was/were+动词过去分词”，主语为复数，be动词用were，故选C。 5．A lot of trees ________ on the hill last year. A．are planted B．planted C．was planted D．were planted 【答案】D 【详解】句意：去年山上种了很多树。 考查被动语态。根据“last year”可知，句子为一般过去时；“A lot of trees”为复数主语，与动词“plant”是被动关系，需用复数被动形式“were planted”。故选D。 6．The forest ________ with surprises. A．was full B．full C．has filled D．was filled 【答案】D 【详解】句意：森林里充满了惊喜。 考查被动语态。was full充满的；full充满的；has filled现在完成时；was filled一般过去时的被动语态。be full of/be filled with“充满……”，空后是with，所以用be filled with。故选D。 7．—Mom, has my new novel arrived? —Yes. It ________ to our house yesterday. A．will be sent B．is sent C．would be sent D．was sent 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——妈妈，我的新小说到了吗？——到了。昨天已经送到我们家了。 考查被动语态。根据答语可知“It”指代新小说，和动词send之间是被动关系，结合“yesterday”可知，应用一般过去时的被动语态（was done）。故选D。 8．Fred had something important to tell his family. Everyone in his family ________ to sit at the dinner table and listen. A．asks B．asked C．was asked D．were asked 【答案】C 【详解】句意：Fred有一些重要的事要告诉他的家人。他家的每个人都被要求坐在餐桌旁听。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。asks动词第三人称单数形式；asked动词过去式或过去分词；was asked一般过去时的被动语态，主语是单数或不可数名词时用；were asked一般过去时的被动语态，主语是第二人称或复数时用。根据“Fred had something important to tell his family.”可知，该句时态是一般过去时，主语Everyone与动词ask之间是被动关系，使用一般过去时的被动语态，be动词使用was，故选C。 9．Su Shi by the beautiful night. A．attracted B．was attracted C．were attracted D．was attracting 【答案】B 【详解】句意：苏轼被这美丽的夜晚吸引了。 考查被动语态。attracted吸引，动词过去式；was attracted被吸引，主语为单数；were attracted被吸引，主语为复数；was attracting正在吸引。此处是说苏轼被吸引，用被动语态，主语是单数，be动词用was。故选B。 10．Although the bamboo seed________ too, it still didn’t begin to grow. A．watered B．waters C．was watered D．were watered 【答案】C 【详解】句意：尽管竹子的种子也被浇了水，但它仍然没有开始生长。 考查被动语态。主语the bamboo seed和谓语动词water之间是被动关系，且主语为单数，结合选项，需使用被动语态was+done的结构。故选C。 11．Then the cat ________ the name “Lucky” by the kids. So the cat had a place to call home. A．is given B．was given C．will be given D．can be given 【答案】B 【详解】句意：然后这只猫被孩子们取名为“幸运”。所以这只猫有了一个可以称之为家的地方。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。is given一般现在时的被动语态；was given一般过去时的被动语态；will be given一般将来时的被动语态；can be given含有情态动词的被动语态。根据“So the cat had a place to call home.”可知，这里是一般过去时，cat和the name之间是被动关系，使用一般过去时的被动语态。故选B。 12．The poster ________ to Mr. Ted. She went back to the restaurant with her family a few days later. A．sent B．was sending C．was sent D．were sent 【答案】C 【详解】句意：海报寄给了泰德先生。几天后，她和家人回到了那家餐厅。 考查被动语态。sent邮寄，动词过去式；was sending正在邮寄，过去进行时；was sent被邮寄，一般过去时的被动语态；were sent被邮寄，一般过去时的被动语态。“The poster”与“send”之间存在被动关系，且句子是一般过去时，所以应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语“The poster”为单数名词，所以be动词应用was。故选C。 13．We are sad. Because the building _________ yesterday. A．is burn B．is burnt C．was burnt D．were burnt 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们很难过，因为那栋楼昨天被烧毁了。 考查被动语态和时态。由“yesterday”可知需用过去时，主语“building”是单数，且建筑是被烧毁的，需用被动语态，“was burnt”符合单数主语+过去时的要求。 故选C。 14．Look at the beautiful building over there. It _______ last year. A．builds B．built C．was built D．is built 【答案】C 【详解】句意：看那边的那座漂亮大楼。它是去年建的。 考查动词的时态和语态。builds一般现在时的单三形式；built一般过去时的过去式；was built一般过去时的被动语态；is built一般现在时的被动语态。根据句意可知，主语it和build之间是被动关系，且“last year”是一般过去时的时间，所以，此处应是一般过去时的被动语态，即was built。故选C。 15．Sandy ________ by her mother, and now she knows her mistake. A．is educated B．was educated C．is being educated D．was being educated 【答案】B 【详解】句意：桑迪被她妈妈教育了一番，现在她知道自己错了。 考查时态和语态。根据“and now she knows her mistake”可知，桑迪现在知道自己错了，说明她被教育这件事发生在过去，且主语Sandy与动词educate之间是被动关系，所以此处应用一般过去时的被动语态was educated。故选B。 16．Robots _______ as dancers for the first time during the 2025 Spring Festival Gala. A．use B．used C．are used D．were used 【答案】D 【详解】句意：在2025年春节联欢晚会上，机器人首次被用作舞者。 考查时态及语态。根据“during the 2025 Spring Festival Gala”可知，此处指过去的事情，句子时态为一般过去时；分析句子结构可知，主语“Robots”与空处为逻辑上的动宾关系，用被动语态，be used as“用作”，是固定搭配。故选D。 17．—What happened in the class meeting yesterday? —Oh, the students ________ for their excellent performance. A．praised B．were praised C．praise D．are praised 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——昨天班会发生了什么事？——哦，学生们的出色表现受到了表扬。 考查一般过去时被动语态。根据问句“ yesterday”可知，答句用一般过去时，主语students与动词praise之间是被动关系，所以此处用一般过去时被动语态was/were done的结构，故选B。 18．The novel ________ by a famous writer in 1990. A．wrote B．was written C．writes D．is written 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这部小说由一位著名作家于1990年创作。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。wrote写，过去式；was written被创作，一般过去时的被动语态；writes写，一般现在时；is written被创作，一般现在时的被动语态。根据“in 1990”可知为一般过去时；主语“The novel”和“write”之间为被动关系，谓语结构为be done。综上可知，该句为一般过去时的被动语态，故选B。 19．People ________ of the coming typhoon in advance, so they took measures to prepare for its arrival. A．warned B．were warned C．have warned D．have been warned 【答案】B 【详解】句意：人们事先得到了台风来临的警告，所以他们采取了措施为台风的到来做准备。 考查时态和语态。根据“so they took measures to prepare for its arrival.”可知，句子时态是一般过去时，且主语people与warn是被动关系，因此空处要用一般过去时的被动语态，故选B。 20．—It’s reported that the ocean salinity detection satellite (海洋盐度探测卫星) ________ into the space successfully by China on Nov. 14, 2024. —Wow! That’s amazing! A．sent B．sends C．was sent D．is sent 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——据报道，中国于2024年11月14日成功发射了海洋盐度探测卫星。——哇！那太棒了! 考查被动语态。主语“the ocean salinity detection satellite ”和动词“send”是动宾关系，结合“Nov. 14, 2024”可知，句子是一般过去时的被动语态。故选C。 21．I am very glad that my idea on how to save water ________ by my class yesterday. A．accepts B．is accepted C．accepted D．was accepted 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我很高兴我关于如何节约用水的想法昨天被我们班接受了。 考查时态及语态。根据“yesterday”可知，此处应用一般过去时，分析句子结构可知，空处所在句的主语“my idea”及空处为逻辑上的动宾关系，用被动语态。故选D。 22．This book ________ into several languages last year. A．translates B．translated C．is translated D．was translated 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这本书去年被翻译成几种语言。 考查时态和语态。根据时间状语“last year”可知时态为一般过去时；“this book”和“translate”之间是被动关系，因此需要使用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为单数，助动词用“was”。故选D。 23．—He ________ from hundreds of students to take part in the speech competition. —How lucky! A．chooses B．has chosen C．chose D．was chosen 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——他从数百名学生中被选中参加演讲比赛。——多么幸运！ 考查动词时态和语态。根据“from hundreds of students to take part in the speech competition”可知，主语He与动词choose之间是被动关系，又根据语境可知，该句应用一般过去时的被动语态“was/were+动词过去分词”，主语为第三人称单数，be动词用was。故选D。 24．Mary looked very nervous when she ________ to the famous scientist. A．introduced B．was introducing C．was introduced D．has introduced 【答案】C 【详解】句意：当Mary被介绍给这位著名科学家时她看起来很紧张。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据“Mary looked very nervous when she...to the famous scientist.”可知，主语she和introduce是被动关系，且时态为一般过去时，所以应用一般过去时的被动语态。结构是was/were+过去分词，主语she第三人称单数，即was introduced。故选C。 25．Lao She wrote many plays and he ________ “the People’s Artist”. A．named B．has named C．was named D．will be named 【答案】C 【详解】句意：老舍写了许多剧本，他被称为“人民艺术家”。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据前文“Lao She wrote many plays”可知，时态为一般过去时，又主语he与谓语动词name之间构成被动语态，所以此处是一般过去时的被动语态，结构为：was+过去分词。故选C。 26．We ________ to close the windows before we left the room. A．tell B．are told C．told D．were told 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我们被告知在离开房间前要关上窗户。 考查时态和语态。根据语境可知，主语we和动词tell之间是被动关系，且根据“before we left the room”可知，此处应该用一般过去时的被动语态were told。故选D。 27．People wrote on bamboo, silk or animal bones before paper ________. A．invent B．invented C．is invented D．was invented 【答案】D 【详解】句意：在纸发明之前，人们在竹子、丝绸或动物骨头上写字。 考查被动语态。主语“paper”和所给词“invent”之间是被动关系，需要使用被动语态，根据“wrote”可知，此处需要使用一般过去时。故选D。 28．Modern technologies ________ in the 19th Asian Games in September, 2023. A．are used B．were used C．use D．have used 【答案】B 【详解】句意：2023年9月的第19届亚运会使用了现代技术。 考查时态及语态。根据“in September, 2023”可知，句子时态为一般过去时；分析句子结构可知，主语“Modern technologies”与动词“use”之间为被动关系，此句应用一般过去时的被动语态。故选B。 29．—What happened to Billy? —He ________ in his room. A．locked B．was locked C．is locked D．has locked 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——比利怎么了？——他被锁在房间里。 考查时态和语态。主语he和谓语lock之间是被动关系，根据“happened”可知此处用一般过去时的被动语态was/were done。故选B。 30．The road ________ so brightly by the moon that it was easy for Hansel and Gretel to find their way home. A．lights B．is lit C．lit D．was lit 【答案】D 【详解】句意：月光照亮了道路，汉塞尔和格蕾特很容易找到回家的路。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据“The road … so brightly by the moon that it was easy for Hansel and Gretel to find their way home.”可知，此处为时态为一般过去时，且名词road和动词light为被动关系，其结构为was done，light的过去分词为lit。故选D。 二、单词拼写(本大题共20小题，每小题2分，共40分) 31．I had to wait ten minutes in the shop before I . (serve) 【答案】was served 【详解】句意：我不得不在店里等了十分钟才得到服务。serve“服务”，与主语I是动宾关系，结合“had”可知，时态为一般过去时，因此用一般过去时的被动语态was done。故填was served。 32．My purse (steal) on my way to the shopping mall yesterday. 【答案】was stolen 【详解】句意：昨天，在去商场的路上我的钱包被偷了。根据“yesterday”可知句子是一般过去时态，且“My purse”和“steal”之间是被动关系，故用一般过去时态的被动语态“was/were+过去分词”。根据“My purse”可知“be”动词用“was”，“steal”的过去分词是“stolen”。故填was stolen。 33．Jack (offer) a job in a hospital, but he didn’t accept it. 【答案】was offered 【详解】句意：杰克被提供了一份医院的工作，但他没有接受。主语Jack与offer之间是动宾关系，所以用被动语态（be done）；根据“didn’t accept”可知，前后时态应保持一致，用一般过去时，所以be动词用was，后跟过去分词offered。故填was offered。 34．The telephone (invent) by Bell in 1876. 【答案】was invented 【详解】句意：电话是贝尔在1876年发明的。invent“发明”。根据“by Bell in 1876”可知，此处应用一般过去时的被动语态，即was/were done的结构，由于主语The telephone单数，故be动词应用was。故填was invented。 35．The Chinese poem, Love Seeds, was by poet Wang Wei. (write) 【答案】written 【详解】句意：中国诗《相思》由诗人王维创作。根据所给单词及“The Chinese poem, Love Seeds”可知，两者之间为被动关系，需用被动语态，was已给出，故为一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为was/were+done。write的过去分词为written。故填written。 36．When we were young, we (teach) to treat older people with respect. 【答案】were taught 【详解】句意：在我们年幼时，我们被教导要尊重老年人。根据“When we were young”可知此处时态为一般过去时；we与teach之间是被动关系，所以应用一般过去时的被动语态：was/were done，主语为we，应用were。故填were taught。 37．Many houses (wash) away by the flood yesterday. 【答案】were washed 【详解】句意：昨天许多房子被洪水冲走了。主语Many houses与动词短语wash away构成被动关系，由“yesterday”可知时态为一般过去时，所以用一般过去时的被动语态“was/were done”，主语是复数，be动词用were，故填were washed。 38．These gifts were (make) by children in their last summer holidays. 【答案】made 【详解】句意：这些礼物是孩子们在去年暑假里制作的。根据“These gifts were”和“make”可知主语gifts与动词make存在被动关系，句子应用一般过去时的被动语态，be动词were后加make的过去分词。故填made。 39．People believe that tea (discover) and drunk thousands of years ago. 【答案】was discovered 【详解】句意：人们认为茶是在几千年前被发现和饮用的。本句主语tea是动作discover的承受者，结合时间状语“thousands of years ago”可知，应使用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was discovered。 40．It (report) last week that the polluted air in Beijing caused many problems. 【答案】was reported 【详解】句意：据上周报道，北京的空气污染造成了许多问题。根据主语“It”及“last week”可知，空格处应用一般过去时的被动语态，结合主语“It”为第三人称单数可知，此处be动词应用was。故填was reported。 41．The problem was (solve) at the class meeting with the help of our teacher. 【答案】solved 【详解】句意：在老师的帮助下，这个问题在班会上得到了解决。主语problem与动词solve之间是被动关系，结合was可知，此空应填过去分词与其构成一般过去时被动语态，故填solved。 42．She wanted to go into the room, but the door was (lock). 【答案】locked 【详解】句意：她想进房间，但门是锁着的。根据主语“the door”及提示词“lock”可知，此处表示被动，所以空格处应填动词的过去分词形式。故填locked。 43．A set of paper cutting (give) to the foreign teacher as a gift when he left China last week. 【答案】was given 【详解】句意：上周外教离开中国时，一套剪纸被作为礼物送给了他。观察句子结构可知，句子的主语“A set of paper cutting”是单数，并且和give之间是被动关系。根据句中的时间状语“last week”可知，本句是一般过去时的被动语态。根据一般过去时的被动语态结构was/were+done可知，空格所填词为was given。故填was given。 44．The Titanic, the biggest ship of its day, (think) to be unsinkable but it sank on its first voyage in 1912. 【答案】was thought 【详解】句意：泰坦尼克号，一艘当时最大的船，被认为不可能沉没，但1912年它第一次航行时就沉没了。空格前为主语The Titanic，第三人称单数，空格后为不定式，推断空格为谓语动词，主语和动词think之间为逻辑上的被动关系，且in 1912提示句子时态为一般过去时，构成搭配be thought to do sth.“被认为做某事”，主语是单数，be动词用was。故填was thought。 45．Computers have had a great influence on learning methods since they (introduce) into schools. 【答案】were introduced 【详解】句意：自从计算机被引入学校以来，它对学习方法产生了很大的影响。they指的是计算机，和动词introduce之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。since引导的时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时，所以这里用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是复数，be动词用were，故填were introduced。 46．The picture (hang) on the wall and I often stopped to look at it, for I really liked it. 【答案】was hung 【详解】句意：这幅画挂在墙上，我经常停下来看，因为我真的很喜欢它。hang意为“悬挂”时是及物动词，有被动语态。主语the picture与hang之间是动宾关系，故用被动语态；且由stopped可知此处是一般过去时，故用一般过去时的被动语态was/were done，主语是三单，be动词用was，hang的过去分词是hung。故填was hung。 47．There was a strong wind last night and the clouds were (blow) away. 【答案】blown 【详解】句意：昨天晚上刮起了大风，云都被吹散了。根据“the clouds were”可知，主语和动词“blow”之间是被动关系，此处应用动词的过去分词形式，“blow”的过去分词为“blown”。故填blown。 48．Jiangnan, a famous area in China, was in many Chinese poems for its beautiful style. (mention) 【答案】mentioned 【详解】句意：江南是中国的一个著名地区，在许多中国诗歌中因其优美的风格而被提及。根据“Jiangnan, a famous area in China, was...in many Chinese poems”可知，主语Jiangnan与动词mention“提到”之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，谓语结构是be done，空前是was，空处应用动词mention的过去分词。故填mentioned。 49．His ID card was （ mail） to me through SF Express yesterday. 【答案】mailed 【详解】句意：昨天他的身份证通过快递邮寄给我了。由yesterday可知句子时态用一般过去时，且主语His ID card和谓语动词mail之间是被动关系，所以应用被动语态；一般过去时的被动语态结构为：was/were+动词的过去分词，主语是单数，用was，mail的过去分词是mailed。故填mailed。 50．The naughty boy threw a stone and the glass was (break). 【答案】broken 【详解】句意：那个顽皮的男孩扔了一块石头，玻璃被打碎了。分析句子可知，主语the glass与谓语动词break之间是被动关系，应使用被动语态，结构为be+动词的过去分词；由“was”可知，此处使用一般过去时的被动语态；break“打碎”，动词，其过去分词为broken。故填broken。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 班级 姓名 学号 分数 Unit 6 When was it invented? 一般过去时的被动语态 （时间：60分钟，满分：100分） 被动语态 (Passive Voice): 强调动作的承受者（即动作的对象），而不是动作的执行者。当动作的执行者未知、不重要或显而易见时，或者为了突出动作对象时使用。 一般过去时的被动语态： 描述过去发生的动作，且强调该动作的承受者。 构成公式： 主语 (动作承受者) + was/were + 过去分词 (V-ed) + (by + 动作执行者) 主语 (Subject): 是动作的承受者/对象。 was/were: 是 be 动词的一般过去时形式。选择取决于主语的单复数： was: 用于单数主语 (I, he, she, it, 单数名词) 和不可数名词。 were: 用于复数主语 (we, you, they, 复数名词)。 过去分词 (Past Participle): 动词的第三形式 (V3)。规则动词加 -ed (如：cleaned, played, watched)，不规则动词需要单独记忆 (如：written, spoken, taken, eaten, built)。 (by + 动作执行者): 表示动作是由谁/什么执行的。这个部分经常可以省略，尤其是当动作执行者未知、不重要或不言自明时。 用法： 1. 强调动作的承受者： 当承受者比执行者更重要时。 主动： Shakespeare wrote Hamlet. (强调莎士比亚写了) 被动： Hamlet was written by Shakespeare. (强调《哈姆雷特》被写了) 2. 不知道或不关心动作执行者是谁： My wallet was stolen yesterday. (我不知道是谁偷的，也不想强调小偷，只强调钱包被偷了这件事) This building was built in 1980. (谁建的并不重要，重要的是楼建成的年代) 3. 动作执行者显而易见或不言而喻： He was arrested last night. (很明显是警察逮捕的) The letter was delivered this morning. (很明显是邮递员投递的) 4. 客观陈述事实（尤其在正式文体、新闻报道、科技文章中）： The results were announced on Friday. The experiment was conducted under controlled conditions. 5. 避免提及动作执行者（有时出于礼貌或策略）： Mistakes were made. (比说“We made mistakes”更委婉) Your application was rejected. (比直接说“We rejected your application”更间接) 句型转换 (主动变被动)： 1. 主动句结构： 主语 (执行者) + 动词过去式 + 宾语 (承受者) + 其他 2. 被动句结构： 主语 (承受者) + was/were + 过去分词 + (by + 执行者) + 其他 转换步骤： 1. 把主动句的宾语（承受者）变成被动句的主语。 2. 根据新主语（承受者）的单复数，选择 was 或 were。 3. 把主动句的动词变成其过去分词 (V3)。 4. 在动词的过去分词后，根据需要加上 by + 主动句的主语（执行者）（如果执行者重要或需要提及）。 5. 保留其他成分（时间、地点状语等）。 主动句 (Active) 被动句 (Passive) 说明 They built this house in 1990. This house was built (by them) in 1990. 宾语 (this house) 变主语；动词 build -built；加 was (单数主语)；by them (可省略) The teacher corrected the mistakes. The mistakes were corrected (by the teacher). 宾语 (the mistakes) 变主语；动词 correct -corrected；加 were (复数主语)；by the teacher (可省略) Someone broke the window last night. The window was broken (by someone) last night. 宾语 (the window) 变主语；动词 break -broken；加 was (单数主语)；by someone (通常省略) Did the noise frighten you? Were you frightened (by the noise)? 疑问句：助动词 Did 去掉，be动词 (Were) 提前；宾语 (you) 变主语；动词 frighten -frightened They didn't invite us to the party. We weren't invited (by them) to the party. 否定句：didn't 去掉，be动词 (were) 后加 not (weren't)；宾语 (us) 变主语 (we)；动词 invite -invited Who wrote this book? Who was this book written by? / By whom was this book written? 特殊疑问句：疑问词 who 保留；宾语 (this book) 变主语；动词 write -written；加 was (单数主语)；by 短语放句尾或句首（正式用 By whom） 简单记忆口诀： 过去被动并不难，承受者把主语担。 was/were 随后站，过去分词紧相连。 执行者用 by 引，常可省略记心间。 强调对象或不知，主动变被动显周全。 1、 单项选择(本大题共30小题，每小题2分，共60分) 1．Thousands of nurses and doctors have received training and help the blind after ORBIS ________in the last century. A．set up B．was set up C．is set up D．has set up 2．—Do you know who invented the kite, Daisy? —Sure! It __________ by Mozi over 2,000 years ago. A．invented B．was invented C．will invent D．will be invented 3．How beautiful these photos are! I wonder where they ________. A．are taken B．were taken C．will be taken D．had been taken 4．—Your house looks so beautiful with these red lanterns. —Thanks. The red lanterns ________ by my brother and me yesterday. A．hang B．are hung C．were hung D．will be hung 5．A lot of trees ________ on the hill last year. A．are planted B．planted C．was planted D．were planted 6．The forest ________ with surprises. A．was full B．full C．has filled D．was filled 7．—Mom, has my new novel arrived? —Yes. It ________ to our house yesterday. A．will be sent B．is sent C．would be sent D．was sent 8．Fred had something important to tell his family. Everyone in his family ________ to sit at the dinner table and listen. A．asks B．asked C．was asked D．were asked 9．Su Shi by the beautiful night. A．attracted B．was attracted C．were attracted D．was attracting 10．Although the bamboo seed________ too, it still didn’t begin to grow. A．watered B．waters C．was watered D．were watered 11．Then the cat ________ the name “Lucky” by the kids. So the cat had a place to call home. A．is given B．was given C．will be given D．can be given 12．The poster ________ to Mr. Ted. She went back to the restaurant with her family a few days later. A．sent B．was sending C．was sent D．were sent 13．We are sad. Because the building _________ yesterday. A．is burn B．is burnt C．was burnt D．were burnt 14．Look at the beautiful building over there. It _______ last year. A．builds B．built C．was built D．is built 15．Sandy ________ by her mother, and now she knows her mistake. A．is educated B．was educated C．is being educated D．was being educated 16．Robots _______ as dancers for the first time during the 2025 Spring Festival Gala. A．use B．used C．are used D．were used 17．—What happened in the class meeting yesterday? —Oh, the students ________ for their excellent performance. A．praised B．were praised C．praise D．are praised 18．The novel ________ by a famous writer in 1990. A．wrote B．was written C．writes D．is written 19．People ________ of the coming typhoon in advance, so they took measures to prepare for its arrival. A．warned B．were warned C．have warned D．have been warned 20．—It’s reported that the ocean salinity detection satellite (海洋盐度探测卫星) ________ into the space successfully by China on Nov. 14, 2024. —Wow! That’s amazing! A．sent B．sends C．was sent D．is sent 21．I am very glad that my idea on how to save water ________ by my class yesterday. A．accepts B．is accepted C．accepted D．was accepted 22．This book ________ into several languages last year. A．translates B．translated C．is translated D．was translated 23．—He ________ from hundreds of students to take part in the speech competition. —How lucky! A．chooses B．has chosen C．chose D．was chosen 24．Mary looked very nervous when she ________ to the famous scientist. A．introduced B．was introducing C．was introduced D．has introduced 25．Lao She wrote many plays and he ________ “the People’s Artist”. A．named B．has named C．was named D．will be named 26．We ________ to close the windows before we left the room. A．tell B．are told C．told D．were told 27．People wrote on bamboo, silk or animal bones before paper ________. A．invent B．invented C．is invented D．was invented 28．Modern technologies ________ in the 19th Asian Games in September, 2023. A．are used B．were used C．use D．have used 29．—What happened to Billy? —He ________ in his room. A．locked B．was locked C．is locked D．has locked 30．The road ________ so brightly by the moon that it was easy for Hansel and Gretel to find their way home. A．lights B．is lit C．lit D．was lit 二、单词拼写(本大题共20小题，每小题2分，共40分) 31．I had to wait ten minutes in the shop before I . (serve) 32．My purse (steal) on my way to the shopping mall yesterday. 33．Jack (offer) a job in a hospital, but he didn’t accept it. 34．The telephone (invent) by Bell in 1876. 35．The Chinese poem, Love Seeds, was by poet Wang Wei. (write) 36．When we were young, we (teach) to treat older people with respect. 37．Many houses (wash) away by the flood yesterday. 38．These gifts were (make) by children in their last summer holidays. 39．People believe that tea (discover) and drunk thousands of years ago. 40．It (report) last week that the polluted air in Beijing caused many problems. 41．The problem was (solve) at the class meeting with the help of our teacher. 42．She wanted to go into the room, but the door was (lock). 43．A set of paper cutting (give) to the foreign teacher as a gift when he left China last week. 44．The Titanic, the biggest ship of its day, (think) to be unsinkable but it sank on its first voyage in 1912. 45．Computers have had a great influence on learning methods since they (introduce) into schools. 46．The picture (hang) on the wall and I often stopped to look at it, for I really liked it. 47．There was a strong wind last night and the clouds were (blow) away. 48．Jiangnan, a famous area in China, was in many Chinese poems for its beautiful style. (mention) 49．His ID card was （ mail） to me through SF Express yesterday. 50．The naughty boy threw a stone and the glass was (break). 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$