Unit 1 Sports（知识清单）英语北师大版2024八年级上册

Unit1 Sports 单词 1.reason n.原因，理由，解释 2.baseball n.棒球运动；棒球 3.host n.(电视或广播的)节目主持人；主人vt.主持（电视或广播节目等)；主办，主持（活动） 4.secret n.诀窍，秘诀；秘密，机密adj.秘密的；保密的 5.timetable n.时间安排；时间表，时刻表 6.set adj.安排好的，确定的，固定的vt.安排，确定，决定 7.full adj.(有)大量的，丰富的；满的，充满的 8.rest n.剩余部分，残留，其余；休息时间，睡眠时间vt.& vi.休息，放松 9.ring n.环状物；戒指vt.&vi.(使)发出钟声，响起铃声 10.medal n.奖章，勋章 11.include v.包括，包含 12.normally adv.通常，正常情况下 13.once adv.仅一次，一次；曾经conj.一···就，一旦，当···时候 14.ancient adj.古代的 15.success n.成功，胜利 16.popular adj.大众喜爱的，广受欢迎的 17.symbolise v.象征，是···的象征，代表 18.meeting n.会面，集会；会议 19.president n.会长，院长，主席；总统，主席 20.explain vt.& vi.解释，说明，阐明 21.aim vt.&vi.力求达到，力争做到 22.purpose n.意图，目的，用途，目标 23.score vt.&vi.得分 n.得分，比分；分数，成绩 24.improve vt.& vi.改进，改善；提高水平 25.balance vt.&vi.同等重视；使（在某物上)保持平衡n.均衡，平衡 26. advise vt.& vi.劝告，忠告，建议 27.instead adv.代替，顶替；反而，却 28.return vt.& vi.&n.回来，返回；回报 29.lead vt.& vi.带路，领路；领导n.主角，主演；领先地位 30.respected adj.受人尊敬的 31.step vi.迈步，踩，踏，行走 n.迈步，脚步声 32.spirit n.精神，心灵；勇气，意志 33.continue vt.&vi.持续，继续存在，不断发生 34.lie vi.存在，在于；躺，平躺；说谎，撒谎n.谎言，谎话 35.seem linking v.好像，似乎，看来 36.survey n.民意调查；总体研究 37.result n.后果，结果 38.almost adv.几乎，差不多 39.nearly adv.几乎，差不多，将近 40.forget vt.& vi.忘记，遗忘 41.totally adv.完全，全部，整个 词形变化 44.respected adj.→respect v.尊重 42.success n.→succeed v.成功→successful adj.成功的→successfully adv.成功地 43.improve vt. vi.-improvement n.改善；改进 45.totally adv.→total adj.总计的 短语 1.keep up使某事物保持 2.ever since自从,从··起，自……以后, 3.wear out磨薄，穿破，磨损，用坏　　 4.head coach主教练 5.lie in存在，在于 6.at least至少，不少于 词汇拓展 44.respected adj.→respect v.尊重 42.success n.→succeed v.成功→successful adj.成功的→successfully adv.成功地 43.improve vt. vi.-improvement n.改善；改进 45.totally adv.→total adj.总计的 句型 1.I know you are busy with schoolwork, but you also play a lot of sports. 我知道你学业很忙，但你也经常参加体育活动。 2. What's your secret to having time for both?你是如何同时兼顾这两方面的？ 3. Well, I have a timetable and I do my homework at the same time every day. I also have set time for sports and exercise. 我有一个时间表，每天固定时间做作业，同时也会安排时间进行体育锻炼。 4.It makes me feel full of energy for the rest of the day.这让我一整天都充满活力。 5. I run with my friends and we encourage each other. 我和朋友们一起跑步，互相鼓励。 6. It's a great way to relax after lessons and before we start our homework.这是课后和开始做作业前放松的好方法。 7. Each is normally held once every four years with a space of two years in between.每四年举办一次，中间相隔两年。 8. Only 300 athletes from 14 countries took part, and there were fewer events than in the present Olympics. 只有来自14个国家的300名运动员参赛，比赛项目比现在的奥运会少。 9.Ever since then, the competition has become more and more popular.自那以后，这项赛事越来越受欢迎。 10.The Olympic rings are the symbol of the Olympics. These five coloured rings symbolise the union of the five continents,and the meeting of athletes from around the world at the Olympic Games.奥运会的五环是其象征，这五个彩色的环代表着五大洲的团结，以及世界各地运动员在奥运会上的相聚。 11.In class, I focus only on my schoolwork. Training always takes place after class. 在课堂上，我只专注于学习。训练则在课后进行。 12.When she was a child, she wanted to join the basketball team like her sister, but her PE teacher advised her to try volleyball instead, and she did. 她小时候想加入篮球队，像她的姐姐一样，但体育老师建议她试试排球，她也尝试了。 13."The spirit of the Chinese women's volleyball team doesn't lie in winning, but in never giving up, even when it seems like you cannot win."“中国女排的精神不在于胜利，而在于永不放弃，即使看似无法取胜。” 语法 形容词比较级和最高级 一、知识点清单 知识点1：I know you are busy with schoolwork, but you also play a lot of sports. 【详解】be busy with 忙于某事 be busy doing 忙于做某事 例句 1. 他忙于比赛。He is busy with competitions. 2. 她忙于写作业。She is busy doing her homework. 知识点2：What's your secret to having time for both? 【详解】(the) secret to ···的秘诀 to是介词后面跟名词，代词或动名词。 例句 保持健康的秘诀是多吃蔬菜和水果。The secret to keeping fit is to eat more vegetables and fruit. 知识点3：Well, I have a timetable and I do my homework at the same time every day. I also have set time for sports and exercise. 【详解】at the same time 同时 注意the不能省略 have set time for 为···设定时间 例句 我们不能同时为两件事设定时间。We can’t have set time for two things at the same time. 知识点4： It makes me feel full of energy for the rest of the day. 【详解1】make sb. do sth.让某人做某事 make sb. adj.让某人怎么样 例句 1. 这个消息让我兴奋。The information makes me excited. 2. 这个事故让我感到难过。The accident makes me feel sad. 【详解2】full of充满 例句 be full of= be filled with充满 Life is full of coincidences(巧合). The boy's eyes are filled with tears. 知识点5：But it's not easy to run every day, especially on cold mornings! How do you manage it? 【详解1】It‘s +adj. (for sb.) to do sth.做某事对某人来说怎么样 学英语对我来说很简单。It is so easy for me to learn English. It’s +adj. (of sb.) to do sth.做某事某人怎么样 帮助我学英语你真的太好了。It’s kind of you to help me learn English. 【详解2】 manage it 成功地处理或解决某个问题或任务 知识点6：I run with my friends and we encourage each other. 【详解】 encourage 鼓励 encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事 Teachers encourage us to speak(speak) English more. 知识点7：It's a great way to relax after lessons and before we start our homework. 【详解】 a great way to do sth.做某事的一个好方法 这是一个为祖作出贡献的好方法。It’s a great way to do something for our country. 知识点8：Sounds good! Sports are also a great way to meet people we don't know and, of course, they keep us healthy and strong! Keep up the good work! 【详解】 Keep us healthy and strong让我们健康强壮 keep +adj. keep quiet 保持安静 keep tidy保持干净 keep up坚持；保持 keep up with 跟上；赶上 知识点9：Each is normally held once every four years with a space of two years in between. 【详解1】each & every 同：都有 “每个” 的意思，有时可以互换 异： A. each强调每一个各自、依次；every 强调 每一个都包括。 B. each谈论两个或两个以上的人或事物；every谈论三个或三个以上的人或事物。 C. each可以作代词使用；every不可以。 【详解2】 be held被举办 be done被动语态 用来强调动作的承受者而非执行者 The letter was written yesterday. 【详解3】 once every four years每四年一次 次数的表达： once 一次 twice 两次 三次及以上：基数词+times 知识点10：The first Olympic Games took place in ancient Greece in 776 BCE.第一届奥运会于公元前776年前在古希腊举行。 【详解】 take place 发生；举行 take place & happen A. take place表示按计划进行的活动或仪式，强调计划性和规律性 take place at/in/on+时间/地点 B. happen描述未经计划的事情，强调意外性 知识点11：They were not as big as the Olympics today. 他们不如今天的奥运会盛大。 【详解】 not as···as不如 表示A与B一样(同级比较) A + be + as + 形容词原级 + as + B 这个房间和那个一样大。The room is as big as that one. 表示A不如B A+be+not as + 形容词原级 + as+B 他不如他哥哥高。He is not as tall as his brother. 知识点12：Only 300 athletes from 14 countries took part, and there were fewer events than in the present Olympics. 只有来自14个国家的300名运动员参加了（那届奥运会），比赛项目也比现在的的奥运会少。 【详解1】 take part 参加 take part in+活动或事件 She takes part in the singing competition. take part & join A. take part强调参加活动的过程或行为，不强调加入某个组织 B. join侧重于加入某个组织、团体等 She joined the basketball team. 【详解2】few few 修饰可数名词表否定 a few修饰可数名词表肯定 little 修饰不可数名词表否定 a little 修饰不可数名词表肯定 There are few apples left. Let's buy some more. We have a little time before the meeting starts. Let's relax. 【详解3】fewer than少于 两者之间进行比较用比较级 表示A比B更怎么样 A + 谓语 + 比较级 + than + B 她比她的姐姐高。She is taller than her sister. 知识点13.Still, for the late 19th century, the 1896 Olympics were a great success. 尽管如此，在19世纪末，1896年奥运会还是取得了巨大的成功。 【详解】a great success一个巨大的成功 succeed v.成功 succeed in doing sth成功做某事 success n.成功 指成功的人或事可数，泛指成功不可数 successful adj.成功的 successfully adv.成功地 I succeed in going (go)to a good university. 知识点14.Ever since then, the competition has become more and more popular.自从那以后，这个比赛就变得越来越受欢迎。 【详解1】ever since自从 常与现在完成时have/has done连用 Ever sine then, she has become(become) a fan of pop music. 【详解2】more and more popular 表达“越来越···“ 比较级+and+比较级 It’s getting colder and colder.天气越来越冷了。 She is more and more beautiful.她越来越漂亮了。 知识点15.The Olympic rings are the symbol of the Olympics. These five coloured rings symbolise the union of the five continents,and the meeting of athletes from around the world at the Olympic Games. 奥运五环是奥运会的象征。这五个彩环象征着五大洲的联合，以及来自世界各地的运动员在奥运会上的相聚。 【详解】the symbol of···的象征 The dove is the symbol of the peace.鸽子是和平的象征。 symbol n. 象征 symbolise v.象征；使用符号 知识点16.These three words encourage athletes to do their best during the competition. 这三个词在比赛中鼓励运动员全力以赴。 【详解】do one’s best竭尽全力 do/try one’s best to do sth.尽某人最大的努力做某事 知识点17.What are you good at(e.g. sports, English, cooking, etc.)? Do you agree with the idea “The more you practise, the better you will be.”? 【详解1】be good at 擅长做某事 be good at+sth./ doing sth. 1. 她擅长科学。She is good a science. 2. 我擅长游泳。I am good at swimming. 同义短语： do well in 【详解2】agree with sb./sth.同意··· agree v.同意 disagree v.不同意 agreement n. 同意 我不同意你的建议。I can’t agree with your suggestion. 知识点18.“The more you practise, the better you will be.”? 【详解】the+比较级，the+比较级越····就越···· The+比较级（+主语+谓语），the+比较级（+主语+谓语） 你越努力，就会越幸运。The harder you study, the luckier you will be. 知识点19.When did you start playing football? 【详解】start doing sth.开始做某事 As soon as Tina came back, she started doing her homework. to start with=to begin with 开始 知识点20.I think I was about 4 or 5 years old when I started kicking a ball around. The more l practised, the better I became. At the age of 9, my parents decided I should start training. 【详解1】kick a ball踢球 【详解2】at the age of在某人···岁的时候 在我5岁的时候，我开始学习踢球。 At the age of 5, I started kicking a ball. 知识点21.We train very hard. We practise passing the ball and scoring goals. 【详解】practise doing sth.练习做某事 practise v.练习 practice n.练习 If you practise speaking(speak) English, you’ll soon improve. 知识点22.We also do exercises to keep fit. When a player is fit, it's easier to run for 90 minutes during a game! 【详解】fitv. 适合；试穿；安置 adj.健康的；合适的；胜任的； n.合身；匹配 keep fit 保持健康 be fit for 适合；胜任 她每天跑步以此保持健康。She tries to keep fit by running every day. 知识点23.In class, I focus only on my schoolwork. Training always takes place after class. 【详解】focus··· on 专注于 我们应该关注环境问题。We should focus on the environmental issues. 【详解】training···takes··· 动名词做主语，谓语动词用三单。 Eating vegetables and fruit is(be) good for our health. 知识点24.When she was a child, she wanted to join the basketball team like her sister, but her PE teacher advised her to try volleyball instead, and she did. 【详解】advise sb. to do sth.建议某人做某事 advise v.建议—advice Un. 建议 a piece of advice suggest v. 建议—suggestion Cn.建议 我妈妈建议我参加足球队。My mom advised me to join the football team. 知识点25.She trained the hardest in the volleyball team and she wore out a pair of shoes every month! 【详解1】hardest 最努力地 hardest是harder的最高级。 最高级常用与比较三个或三个以上的人或事物，表示“最····” 【详解2】wear out 磨损，用坏 知识点26.And she became one of the most respected sports heroes in China.最受尊敬的体育英雄之一 【详解】在最高级中，如果要表示“最···之一， one of +the +最高级+可数名词复数+of/in 范围 她是队里最努力的排球运动员之一。She is one of the hardest volleyball players in the team. 知识点27."The spirit of the Chinese women's volleyball team doesn't lie in winning, but in never giving up, even when it seems like you cannot win." 【详解】lie in 躺在；位于；在于 成功的秘诀在于勇敢地面对失败。The secret of success lies in facing your failure bravely. 【详解】give up放弃 give up sth./doing sth.放弃（做）某事 二、语法点清单 形容词的比较级和最高级 　　大多数形容词都有原级、比较级和最高级三种形式。比较级用于两个对象的比较,表示"比……更……,较……";最高级用于三个或三个以上的对象的比较,表示"最……",最高级前通常要加定冠词the。 一 形容词比较级、最高级的构成 (1)规则变化 变化规则 例词 单音节词及部分双音节词　 大多数词在词尾加-er或-est long→longer→longest narrow→narrower→ narrowest 以e结尾的词在词尾加-r或-st nice→nicer→nicest late→later→latest 以辅音字母+y结尾的词,变y为i,再加-er或-est easy→easier→easiest happy→happier→happiest 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词,双写最后一个辅音字母,再加-er或-est big→bigger→biggest thin→thinner→thinnest 多音节词和部分双音节词　 在词前加more或most beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful careful→more careful→most careful (2)不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best ill/bad worse worst many/much more most little less least 有些词的比较级和最高级的变化方式有两种。 clever→cleverer/more clever→cleverest/most clever old→older/elder→oldest/eldest far→farther/further→farthest/furthest 二 形容词比较级和最高级的常见句式 (1)形容词比较级 ①两者相比较,可用"比较级+than"结构。 This park is larger than that one. 这个公园比那个公园更大。 形容词的比较级前还可以用一些副词(短语),如much、 a lot、 a bit、 a little、 far、 even、 still等修饰,以进一步说明程度。 Lily is a little taller than Lucy. 莉莉比露西稍微高一点儿。 Our city is much more beautiful than theirs. 我们的城市比他们的城市美多了。 ②"比较级 + and + 比较级"结构,表示"越来越……"。若形容词为多音节(或部分双音节)词,则用"more and more + 形容词"。 My brother is fatter and fatter. 我的哥哥越来越胖了。 It was becoming more and more difficult to live on his salary. 他越来越难以靠他的工资维持生计了。 ③"the + 比较级..., the + 比较级...",表示"越……,(就)越……"。 The busier my mother is, the happier she feels. 我的妈妈越忙越高兴。 The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you'll make. 你越细心,犯的错误就会越少。 ④"Which/Who...+比较级,A or B?"表示"A和B哪个(谁)更……?"。 Who is stronger, Tom or Jim? 汤姆和吉姆,谁更强壮呢? ⑤"the+比较级+of the two+可数名词复数"表示"两个……中较……的那个"。 The taller of the two boys is my brother.两个男孩中较高的那个是我哥哥。 (2)形容词最高级 ①三个或三个以上的对象比较时用最高级,最高级的前面通常要加定冠词the,后面常有表示比较范围的"in.../of..."。此外,常用结构"one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数"意为"最……的……之一"。 Which is the safest, a bus, a train or a plane? 公共汽车、火车和飞机,哪个最安全? Peter is the tallest in our class. 在我们班上彼得个子最高。 It's one of the most difficult problems in my work.这是我工作中最棘手的问题之一。 ②序数词、形容词性物主代词和名词所有格等限定词都可以修饰形容词最高级。 Joe is the second tallest boy in our class. 乔是我们班上个子第二高的男孩。 Kate is my best friend. 凯特是我最好的朋友。 Mr Green's biggest problem is pronunciation.格林先生最大的问题就是发音。 三 含有形容词最高级的结构与含有形容词比较级的结构之间的转换 　　"the+形容词最高级+单数名词(+范围)""形容词比较级+than any other+单数名词(+范围)"和"形容词比较级+than the other+复数名词(+范围)"这三者之间可互相转换。 China is the largest country in Asia.=China is larger than any other country in Asia.=China is larger than the other countries in Asia.中国是亚洲最大的国家。 "sb.+be动词+形容词比较级+than anybody else."="No one+be动词+形容词比较级+than sb.",两者都是用比较级表达最高级的句式。 Mary is taller than anybody else.=No one is taller than Mary.玛丽最高。 四、写作清单 在写作“体育运动”这一话题的作文时，我们可以选择体育賽事作为写作内容。写这一话题的作文时，通常要点明比赛时间、地点、主办方等,关键是突出运动员在比赛中的表现,因此会用到形容词或副词的比较级和最高级;最后点出比赛结果及自己的期待。 本单元相关话题写作素材有： 【常用短语】 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. high/long jump 跳高/远 2. ball games 球类运动 3. a healthy lifestyle 一种健康的生活方式 4. a nice habit of sleeping 一个好的睡眠习惯 5. something about one’s health 某人的健康状况 6. in good health 身体健康 7. be good for health 对身体有好处 8. be harmful to...对......有害 9. do morning exercises 做早操 10. get ill 生病 11. be weak 虚弱 12. early rise 早起 13. exercise a lot 多锻炼 14. keep fit/stay healthy 保持健康 15. eat and drink too much 暴饮暴食 16. lose weight 减肥 17. have a toothache/headache 牙疼/头疼 【常用句型】 ★开头句 1. 喜欢的运动项目 ①My favourite sport is table tennis, which has brought more than pleasure for me. 我最喜欢的运动是乒乓球，它给我带来的不仅仅是快乐。 ②There are many kinds of sports that I enjoy, such as swimming, running and dancing. However, of all these sports it is basketball that I like most. 我喜欢的运动有很多种，比如游泳、跑步和跳舞。然而，在所有这些运动中，我最喜欢的是篮球。 2. 健康的重要性 ①More and more people realise how important keeping a healthy habit is. 越来越多的人意识到保持一个健康的习惯是多么重要。 ②As far as we know, health is the best gift that a man can ever have. 据我们所知，健康是一个人所能拥有的最好的礼物。 ★中间句 1. 个人运动情况 ①I spend most of my spare time playing ping-pong and I’d like to watch ping-pong games as much as I can. 我大部分业余时间都在打乒乓球，我想尽可能地看乒乓球赛。 ②If I have time, I will go to the park to play basketball with my friends on weekends. 如果我有时间，我周末会去公园和我的朋友们打篮球。 2. 运动建议 Then try listening to music or thinking about your favourite things while running, which will make running more enjoyable. 然后试着在跑步时听音乐或思考你最喜欢的事情，这会让跑步更愉快。 3. 运动的好处 ①If you play sports more, you must feel like eating better, then you can be healthier! 如果你多运动，你一定会冒日更好，然后你会更健康！ ②When doing more sports, we give ourselves more break from schoolwork and become energetic, which will be better for our study. 当做更多运动时，在学校作业之余，我们给自己更多的休息时间，同时变得精力充沛，这对我们的学习更有好处。 ③First, I can do sports, such as swimming and running because it can build up my body. 首先,我可以做运动,比如游泳和跑步,因为它可以锻炼我的身体。 4. 饮食健康 It’s good to eat more vegetables and fruit instead of too much junk food. 多吃蔬菜和水果而不是太多的垃圾食品是有益的。 ★结尾句 1. 运动的意义 ①In a word, football offers me enjoyment, friendship, knowledge and relaxation. 总之,足球给我带来了快乐、友谊、知识和放松。 ②Only if you take an active part in physical activity will you be able to keep fit and stay healthy. 你只有积极参加体育锻炼,才能保持身体健康。 ③Thanks to sports, my life has been so colourful and meaningful. 多亏了运动,我的生活变得如此丰富多彩和有意义。 ④I believe I will not only become healthier but also get better scores if I can have more time for sports. 我相信如果我有更多时间做体育运动,我不但会变得更健康,而且还会取得更好的成绩。 2. 运动感受 What an exciting sport it is! Let’s skate! 这是一项多么激动人心的运动啊！我们潜水吧！ 真题示例： 上周你们学校举行了运动会。你们班取得了最好的成绩，因为你们班有最快的赛跑选手吴强，他在比赛中打破了学校纪录。你们班的跳高第一，跳远第二。三班成绩从第三名升到第二名，他们 400 米赛跑得了第一。二班成绩最差，但他们在跳远比赛中获得了冠军。请用英语记录这次运动会，包含上达信息。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【思路点拨】 步骤 构思 列纲 1 学校运动会举办时间、结果 last week, successful 2 叙述运动会中取得的成绩，注意使用比较级和最高级 break the record, any other, long/high jump 3 表达对下次运动会的期待 look forward to 【经典范文】 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ We had a school sports meeting last week. It was very successful. Our class was the best team. We had the fastest runner, Wu Qiang. He ran faster than any other student in our school and broke the school record this time. Our boy athlete also jumped highest in the high jump event.We were the second in the long jump event. Class Three did better than last year. They were the second. In the 400-metre race, they got the first. Class Two were the worst. However, they won the long jump. We are looking forward to the next sports meeting. 实战演练 假如你是李明，你校正在举办“运动周”活动，本次活动的主题是“我运动，我健康；我运动，我快乐”。校英语报正在征集文章，请你根据以下提示和要求写一篇英语短文进行投稿，分享你最喜欢的运动。 内容提示： 1.最喜爱乒乓球； 2.强身健体，对眼睛有益； 3.减少压力，放松心情； 4.面对困难，绝不放弃。 写作要求： 1.90词左右； 2.短文应包含所有提示要点，可适当发挥； 3.文中不得出现真实姓名及学校。 【范文赏读】 My favourite sport I’m Li Ming. I’d like to share my favourite sport ping-pong with you. I play ping-pong with my friends three times a week. I like playing ping-pong because it brings me more than joy. Playing ping-pong makes me strong and healthy. It is especially good for my eyes. It also helps me reduce(/rɪˈdjuːs/减少) my stress and relax. What’s more, playing ping-pong teaches me to never give up when facing difficulties. Sport is of great benefit(/ˈbenəfɪt/好处) to our health. So I hope all of you can take an active part in sport. Let’s enjoy the fun together! $$Unit1 Sports 单词 1. n.原因，理由，解释 2. n.棒球运动；棒球 3. n.(电视或广播的)节目主持人；主人vt.主持（电视或广播节目等)；主办，主持（活动） 4. n.诀窍，秘诀；秘密，机密adj.秘密的；保密的 5. n.时间安排；时间表，时刻表 6. adj.安排好的，确定的，固定的vt.安排，确定，决定 7. adj.(有)大量的，丰富的；满的，充满的 8. n.剩余部分，残留，其余；休息时间，睡眠时间vt.& vi.休息，放松 9. n.环状物；戒指vt.&vi.(使)发出钟声，响起铃声 10. n.奖章，勋章 11. v.包括，包含 12. adv.通常，正常情况下 13. adv.仅一次，一次；曾经conj.一···就，一旦，当···时候 14. adj.古代的 15. n.成功，胜利 16. adj.大众喜爱的，广受欢迎的 17. v.象征，是···的象征，代表 18. n.会面，集会；会议 19. n.会长，院长，主席；总统，主席 20. vt.& vi.解释，说明，阐明 21. vt.&vi.力求达到，力争做到 22. n.意图，目的，用途，目标 23. vt.&vi.得分 n.得分，比分；分数，成绩 24. vt.& vi.改进，改善；提高水平 25. vt.&vi.同等重视；使（在某物上)保持平衡n.均衡，平衡 26. vt.& vi.劝告，忠告，建议 27. adv.代替，顶替；反而，却 28. vt.& vi.&n.回来，返回；回报 29. vt.& vi.带路，领路；领导n.主角，主演；领先地位 30. adj.受人尊敬的 31. vi.迈步，踩，踏，行走 n.迈步，脚步声 32. n.精神，心灵；勇气，意志 33. vt.&vi.持续，继续存在，不断发生 34. vi.存在，在于；躺，平躺；说谎，撒谎n.谎言，谎话 35. linking v.好像，似乎，看来 36. n.民意调查；总体研究 37. n.后果，结果 38. adv.几乎，差不多 39. adv.几乎，差不多，将近 40. vt.& vi.忘记，遗忘 41. adv.完全，全部，整个 短语 1. 使某事物保持 2. 自从,从··起，自……以后, 3. 磨薄，穿破，磨损，用坏　　 4. 主教练 5. 存在，在于 6. 至少，不少于 词汇拓展 42.respected adj.→ v.尊重 43.success n.→ v.成功→ adj.成功的→ adv.成功地 44.improve vt. vi.- n.改善；改进 45.totally adv.→ adj.总计的 句型 1.I know you are with schoolwork, but you also play a lot of sports. 我知道你学业很忙，但你也经常参加体育活动。 2. What's your secret to having time for ?你是如何同时兼顾这两方面的？ 3. Well, I have a timetable and I do my homework every day. I also have set time for sports and exercise. 我有一个时间表，每天固定时间做作业，同时也会安排时间进行体育锻炼。 4.It makes me feel energy for the rest of the day.这让我一整天都充满活力。 5. I run with my friends and we each other. 我和朋友们一起跑步，互相鼓励。 6. It's a great way to after lessons and before we our homework.这是课后和开始做作业前放松的好方法。 7. normally once with a space of two years in between.每四年举办一次，中间相隔两年。 8. Only 300 athletes from 14 countries , and there were events than in the present Olympics. 只有来自14个国家的300名运动员参赛，比赛项目比现在的奥运会少。 9.Ever since then, the competition has become .自那以后，这项赛事越来越受欢迎。 10.The Olympic rings the the Olympics. These five coloured rings symbolise the union of the five continents,and the meeting of athletes from around the world at the Olympic Games.奥运会的五环是其象征，这五个彩色的环代表着五大洲的团结，以及世界各地运动员在奥运会上的相聚。 11.In class, I only my schoolwork. Training always after class. 在课堂上，我只专注于学习。训练则在课后进行。 12.When she was a child, she wanted to the basketball team like her sister, but her PE teacher her to try volleyball , and she did. 她小时候想加入篮球队，像她的姐姐一样，但体育老师建议她试试排球，她也尝试了。 13."The of the Chinese women's volleyball team doesn't lie in winning, but in never , even when it seems like you cannot win."“中国女排的精神不在于胜利，而在于永不放弃，即使看似无法取胜。” 语法 形容词比较级和最高级 一、知识点清单 知识点1：I know you are busy with schoolwork, but you also play a lot of sports. 【详解】be busy with 忙于某事 be busy doing 忙于做某事 例句 1. 他忙于比赛。He competitions. 2. 她忙于写作业。She is busy her homework. 知识点2：What's your secret to having time for both? 【详解】(the) secret to ···的秘诀 to是介词后面跟名词，代词或动名词。 例句 保持健康的秘诀是多吃蔬菜和水果。The secret to fit is to eat more vegetables and fruit. 知识点3：Well, I have a timetable and I do my homework at the same time every day. I also have set time for sports and exercise. 【详解】at the same time 同时 注意the不能省略 have set time for 为···设定时间 例句 我们不能同时为两件事设定时间。We can’t have . 知识点4： It makes me feel full of energy for the rest of the day. 【详解1】make sb. do sth.让某人做某事 make sb. adj.让某人怎么样 例句 1. 这个消息让我兴奋。The information makes me . 2. 这个事故让我感到难过。The accident makes me sad. 【详解2】full of充满 例句 be full of= be filled with充满 Life is of coincidences(巧合). The boy's eyes are filled tears. 知识点5：But it's not easy to run every day, especially on cold mornings! How do you manage it? 【详解1】It‘s +adj. (for sb.) to do sth.做某事对某人来说怎么样 学英语对我来说很简单。It is so easy for me to learn English. It’s +adj. (of sb.) to do sth.做某事某人怎么样 帮助我学英语你真的太好了。 to help me learn English. 【详解2】 manage it 成功地处理或解决某个问题或任务 知识点6：I run with my friends and we encourage each other. 【详解】 encourage 鼓励 encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事 Teachers us (speak) English more. 知识点7：It's a great way to relax after lessons and before we start our homework. 【详解】 a great way to do sth.做某事的一个好方法 这是一个为祖作出贡献的好方法。 something for our country. 知识点8：Sounds good! Sports are also a great way to meet people we don't know and, of course, they keep us healthy and strong! Keep up the good work! 【详解】 Keep us healthy and strong让我们健康强壮 keep +adj. keep quiet keep tidy keep up keep up with 知识点9：Each is normally held once every four years with a space of two years in between. 【详解1】each & every 同：都有 “每个” 的意思，有时可以互换 异： A. each强调每一个各自、依次；every 强调 每一个都包括。 B. each谈论两个或两个以上的人或事物；every谈论三个或三个以上的人或事物。 C. each可以作代词使用；every不可以。 【详解2】 be held被举办 be done被动语态 用来强调动作的承受者而非执行者 The letter was written yesterday. 【详解3】 once every four years每四年一次 次数的表达： once twice 三次及以上： 知识点10：The first Olympic Games took place in ancient Greece in 776 BCE.第一届奥运会于公元前776年前在古希腊举行。 【详解】 take place 发生；举行 take place & happen A. take place表示按计划进行的活动或仪式，强调计划性和规律性 take place at/in/on+时间/地点 B. happen描述未经计划的事情，强调意外性 知识点11：They were not as big as the Olympics today. 他们不如今天的奥运会盛大。 【详解】 not as···as不如 表示A与B一样(同级比较) A + be + as + 形容词原级 + as + B 这个房间和那个一样大。The room is that one. 表示A不如B A+be+not as + 形容词原级 + as+B 他不如他哥哥高。He is his brother. 知识点12：Only 300 athletes from 14 countries took part, and there were fewer events than in the present Olympics. 只有来自14个国家的300名运动员参加了（那届奥运会），比赛项目也比现在的的奥运会少。 【详解1】 take part 参加 take part in+活动或事件 She the singing competition. take part & join A. take part强调参加活动的过程或行为，不强调加入某个组织 B. join侧重于加入某个组织、团体等 She the basketball team. 【详解2】few few 修饰可数名词表否定 a few修饰可数名词表肯定 little 修饰不可数名词表否定 a little 修饰不可数名词表肯定 There are apples left. Let's buy some more. We have time before the meeting starts. Let's relax. 【详解3】fewer than少于 两者之间进行比较用比较级 表示A比B更怎么样 A + 谓语 + 比较级 + than + B 她比她的姐姐高。She is her sister. 知识点13.Still, for the late 19th century, the 1896 Olympics were a great success. 尽管如此，在19世纪末，1896年奥运会还是取得了巨大的成功。 【详解】a great success一个巨大的成功 succeed v.成功 succeed in doing sth成功做某事 success n.成功 指成功的人或事可数，泛指成功不可数 successful adj.成功的 successfully adv.成功地 I succeed (go)to a good university. 知识点14.Ever since then, the competition has become more and more popular.自从那以后，这个比赛就变得越来越受欢迎。 【详解1】ever since自从 常与现在完成时have/has done连用 Ever sine then, she has become(become) a fan of pop music. 【详解2】more and more popular 表达“越来越···“ 比较级+and+比较级 It’s getting 天气越来越冷了。 She is .她越来越漂亮了。 知识点15.The Olympic rings are the symbol of the Olympics. These five coloured rings symbolise the union of the five continents,and the meeting of athletes from around the world at the Olympic Games. 奥运五环是奥运会的象征。这五个彩环象征着五大洲的联合，以及来自世界各地的运动员在奥运会上的相聚。 【详解】the symbol of···的象征 The dove is the symbol of the peace.鸽子是和平的象征。 n. 象征 v.象征；使用符号 知识点16.These three words encourage athletes to do their best during the competition. 这三个词在比赛中鼓励运动员全力以赴。 【详解】do one’s best竭尽全力 do/try one’s best to do sth. 知识点17.What are you good at(e.g. sports, English, cooking, etc.)? Do you agree with the idea “The more you practise, the better you will be.”? 【详解1】be good at 擅长做某事 be good at+sth./ doing sth. 1. 她擅长科学。She is good science. 2. 我擅长游泳。I am good at . 同义短语： do well in 【详解2】agree with sb./sth.同意··· agree v.同意 v.不同意 n. 同意 我不同意你的建议。I can’t your suggestion. 知识点18.“The more you practise, the better you will be.”? 【详解】the+比较级，the+比较级越····就越···· The+比较级（+主语+谓语），the+比较级（+主语+谓语） 你越努力，就会越幸运。 you study, you will be. 知识点19.When did you start playing football? 【详解】start doing sth.开始做某事 As soon as Tina came back, she started doing her homework. to start with=to begin with 知识点20.I think I was about 4 or 5 years old when I started kicking a ball around. The more l practised, the better I became. At the age of 9, my parents decided I should start training. 【详解1】kick a ball踢球 【详解2】at the age of在某人···岁的时候 在我5岁的时候，我开始学习踢球。 At the age of 5, I started a ball. 知识点21.We train very hard. We practise passing the ball and scoring goals. 【详解】practise doing sth.练习做某事 practise v.练习 practice n.练习 If you practise (speak) English, you’ll soon improve. 知识点22.We also do exercises to keep fit. When a player is fit, it's easier to run for 90 minutes during a game! 【详解】fitv. 适合；试穿；安置 adj.健康的；合适的；胜任的； n.合身；匹配 keep fit 保持健康 be fit for 适合；胜任 她每天跑步以此保持健康。She tries to keep by running every day. 知识点23.In class, I focus only on my schoolwork. Training always takes place after class. 【详解】focus··· on 专注于 我们应该关注环境问题。We should focus on the environmental issues. 【详解】training···takes··· 动名词做主语，谓语动词用三单。 Eating vegetables and fruit (be) good for our health. 知识点24.When she was a child, she wanted to join the basketball team like her sister, but her PE teacher advised her to try volleyball instead, and she did. 【详解】advise sb. to do sth.建议某人做某事 advise v.建议—advice Un. 建议 a piece of advice suggest v. 建议—suggestion Cn.建议 我妈妈建议我参加足球队。My mom advised me join the football team. 知识点25.She trained the hardest in the volleyball team and she wore out a pair of shoes every month! 【详解1】hardest 最努力地 hardest是harder的最高级。 最高级常用与比较三个或三个以上的人或事物，表示“最····” 【详解2】wear out 磨损，用坏 知识点26.And she became one of the most respected sports heroes in China.最受尊敬的体育英雄之一 【详解】在最高级中，如果要表示“最···之一， one of +the +最高级+可数名词复数+of/in 范围 她是队里最努力的排球运动员之一。She is one of the hardest volleyball in the team. 知识点27."The spirit of the Chinese women's volleyball team doesn't lie in winning, but in never giving up, even when it seems like you cannot win." 【详解】lie in 躺在；位于；在于 成功的秘诀在于勇敢地面对失败。The secret of success in facing your failure bravely. 【详解】give up放弃 give up sth./doing sth. 二、语法点清单 形容词的比较级和最高级 　　大多数形容词都有原级、比较级和最高级三种形式。比较级用于两个对象的比较,表示"比……更……,较……";最高级用于三个或三个以上的对象的比较,表示"最……",最高级前通常要加定冠词the。 一 形容词比较级、最高级的构成 (1)规则变化 变化规则 例词 单音节词及部分双音节词　 大多数词在词尾 long→longer→longest narrow→narrower→ narrowest 以e结尾的词在词尾 nice→nicer→nicest late→later→latest 以辅音字母+y结尾的词, easy→easier→easiest happy→happier→happiest 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词, big→bigger→biggest thin→thinner→thinnest 多音节词和部分双音节词　 在词前加more或most beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful careful→more careful→most careful (2)不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well ill/bad many/much little 有些词的比较级和最高级的变化方式有两种。 clever→cleverer/more clever→cleverest/most clever old→older/elder→oldest/eldest far→farther/further→farthest/furthest 二 形容词比较级和最高级的常见句式 (1)形容词比较级 ①两者相比较,可用"比较级+than"结构。 This park is larger than that one. 这个公园比那个公园更大。 形容词的比较级前还可以用一些副词(短语),如much、 a lot、 a bit、 a little、 far、 even、 still等修饰,以进一步说明程度。 Lily is a little taller than Lucy. 莉莉比露西稍微高一点儿。 Our city is than theirs. 我们的城市比他们的城市美多了。 ②"比较级 + and + 比较级"结构,表示"越来越……"。若形容词为多音节(或部分双音节)词,则用"more and more + 形容词"。 My brother is . 我的哥哥越来越胖了。 It was becoming to live on his salary. 他越来越难以靠他的工资维持生计了。 ③"the + 比较级..., the + 比较级...",表示"越……,(就)越……"。 my mother is, she feels. 我的妈妈越忙越高兴。 you are, mistakes you'll make. 你越细心,犯的错误就会越少。 ④"Which/Who...+比较级,A or B?"表示"A和B哪个(谁)更……?"。 Who is , Tom or Jim? 汤姆和吉姆,谁更强壮呢? ⑤"the+比较级+of the two+可数名词复数"表示"两个……中较……的那个"。 The of the two boys is my brother.两个男孩中较高的那个是我哥哥。 (2)形容词最高级 ①三个或三个以上的对象比较时用最高级,最高级的前面通常要加定冠词the,后面常有表示比较范围的"in.../of..."。此外,常用结构"one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数"意为"最……的……之一"。 Which is the , a bus, a train or a plane? 公共汽车、火车和飞机,哪个最安全? Peter is the in our class. 在我们班上彼得个子最高。 It's one of the most difficult in my work.这是我工作中最棘手的问题之一。 ②序数词、形容词性物主代词和名词所有格等限定词都可以修饰形容词最高级。 Joe is the second boy in our class. 乔是我们班上个子第二高的男孩。 Kate is my friend. 凯特是我最好的朋友。 Mr Green's problem is pronunciation.格林先生最大的问题就是发音。 三 含有形容词最高级的结构与含有形容词比较级的结构之间的转换 　　"the+形容词最高级+单数名词(+范围)""形容词比较级+than any other+单数名词(+范围)"和"形容词比较级+than the other+复数名词(+范围)"这三者之间可互相转换。 China is the largest country in Asia.=China is larger than any other country in Asia.=China is larger than the other countries in Asia.中国是亚洲最大的国家。 "sb.+be动词+形容词比较级+than anybody else."="No one+be动词+形容词比较级+than sb.",两者都是用比较级表达最高级的句式。 Mary is taller than anybody else.=No one is taller than Mary.玛丽最高。 四、写作清单 在写作“体育运动”这一话题的作文时，我们可以选择体育賽事作为写作内容。写这一话题的作文时，通常要点明比赛时间、地点、主办方等,关键是突出运动员在比赛中的表现,因此会用到形容词或副词的比较级和最高级;最后点出比赛结果及自己的期待。 本单元相关话题写作素材有： 【常用短语】 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. high/long jump 跳高/远 2. ball games 球类运动 3. a healthy lifestyle 一种健康的生活方式 4. a nice habit of sleeping 一个好的睡眠习惯 5. something about one’s health 某人的健康状况 6. in good health 身体健康 7. be good for health 对身体有好处 8. be harmful to...对......有害 9. do morning exercises 做早操 10. get ill 生病 11. be weak 虚弱 12. early rise 早起 13. exercise a lot 多锻炼 14. keep fit/stay healthy 保持健康 15. eat and drink too much 暴饮暴食 16. lose weight 减肥 17. have a toothache/headache 牙疼/头疼 【常用句型】 ★开头句 1. 喜欢的运动项目 ①My favourite sport is table tennis, which has brought more than pleasure for me. 我最喜欢的运动是乒乓球，它给我带来的不仅仅是快乐。 ②There are many kinds of sports that I enjoy, such as swimming, running and dancing. However, of all these sports it is basketball that I like most. 我喜欢的运动有很多种，比如游泳、跑步和跳舞。然而，在所有这些运动中，我最喜欢的是篮球。 2. 健康的重要性 ①More and more people realise how important keeping a healthy habit is. 越来越多的人意识到保持一个健康的习惯是多么重要。 ②As far as we know, health is the best gift that a man can ever have. 据我们所知，健康是一个人所能拥有的最好的礼物。 ★中间句 1. 个人运动情况 ①I spend most of my spare time playing ping-pong and I’d like to watch ping-pong games as much as I can. 我大部分业余时间都在打乒乓球，我想尽可能地看乒乓球赛。 ②If I have time, I will go to the park to play basketball with my friends on weekends. 如果我有时间，我周末会去公园和我的朋友们打篮球。 2. 运动建议 Then try listening to music or thinking about your favourite things while running, which will make running more enjoyable. 然后试着在跑步时听音乐或思考你最喜欢的事情，这会让跑步更愉快。 3. 运动的好处 ①If you play sports more, you must feel like eating better, then you can be healthier! 如果你多运动，你一定会冒日更好，然后你会更健康！ ②When doing more sports, we give ourselves more break from schoolwork and become energetic, which will be better for our study. 当做更多运动时，在学校作业之余，我们给自己更多的休息时间，同时变得精力充沛，这对我们的学习更有好处。 ③First, I can do sports, such as swimming and running because it can build up my body. 首先,我可以做运动,比如游泳和跑步,因为它可以锻炼我的身体。 4. 饮食健康 It’s good to eat more vegetables and fruit instead of too much junk food. 多吃蔬菜和水果而不是太多的垃圾食品是有益的。 ★结尾句 1. 运动的意义 ①In a word, football offers me enjoyment, friendship, knowledge and relaxation. 总之,足球给我带来了快乐、友谊、知识和放松。 ②Only if you take an active part in physical activity will you be able to keep fit and stay healthy. 你只有积极参加体育锻炼,才能保持身体健康。 ③Thanks to sports, my life has been so colourful and meaningful. 多亏了运动,我的生活变得如此丰富多彩和有意义。 ④I believe I will not only become healthier but also get better scores if I can have more time for sports. 我相信如果我有更多时间做体育运动,我不但会变得更健康,而且还会取得更好的成绩。 2. 运动感受 What an exciting sport it is! Let’s skate! 这是一项多么激动人心的运动啊！我们潜水吧！ 真题示例： 上周你们学校举行了运动会。你们班取得了最好的成绩，因为你们班有最快的赛跑选手吴强，他在比赛中打破了学校纪录。你们班的跳高第一，跳远第二。三班成绩从第三名升到第二名，他们 400 米赛跑得了第一。二班成绩最差，但他们在跳远比赛中获得了冠军。请用英语记录这次运动会，包含上达信息。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 实战演练 假如你是李明，你校正在举办“运动周”活动，本次活动的主题是“我运动，我健康；我运动，我快乐”。校英语报正在征集文章，请你根据以下提示和要求写一篇英语短文进行投稿，分享你最喜欢的运动。 内容提示： 1.最喜爱乒乓球； 2.强身健体，对眼睛有益； 3.减少压力，放松心情； 4.面对困难，绝不放弃。 写作要求： 1.90词左右； 2.短文应包含所有提示要点，可适当发挥； 3.文中不得出现真实姓名及学校。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ $$