Unit 1 Science and Scientists 表语从句（单元核心语法精练）英语人教版2019选择性必修第二册

Unit 1 Science and Scientists 核心语法精练（表语从句） 目录 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 2 一、表语从句高考真题 2 二、单句语法填空 3 三、完成句子 7 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 10 题型一 语法填空（模考真题） 10 题型二 阅读理解（模考真题） 14 定义：从句放在连系动词之后，充当复合句中的表语，连系动词有be，look，seem，sound，appear等。 构成：引导词+简单句 引导词： 1. 连接词that The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦是我把他的地址弄丢了。 The fact is that I was in the garden when the robbery happened. 事实是抢劫发生的时候我正在花园。 2. 连接词whether（是否），as（和……一样），as if / though（似乎，好像） The question is whether it’s worth doing. 问题是它是否值得一做。 He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起来还与十年前一样。 Things are not always as they seem to be. 事物并不总是如其表象。 It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door. 听起来好像有人在敲门。 3. 连接代词：who，what，which The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。 The question is which of us should go. 问题是我们哪一个应该去。     The problem was who could do the work. 问题是谁能做这项工作。     That’s what he is worrying about. 那就是他在担心的事情。 That was what she did this morning. 那就是她今天早晨所做的一切。 4. 连接副词：where，when，how，why The question is how he did it. 问题是他是如何做此事的。 This is where they once lived. 这就是他们曾经住过的地方。 一、非限制性定语从句高考真题 1.（2024·新高考II卷·语法填空） If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that’s ________ they’ll promote. But that leaves the solo (单独) customers out of pocket and disappointed. 【答案】what 【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：如果他们的大多数客户都乐意大量购买，那他们就会推广。在表语从句中缺少宾语，且是指事物，所以应用连接代词what。故填what。 2.（2023新高考II卷）They also need to be ready to give interviews in English with international journalists. This is 42 they need an English trainer. 答案：why。 解析：考查表语从句。句意：这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，从句中结构完整，应该用连接副词连接，前文提到需要培训师的原因，此处是表达“这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因”之意，应用why引导表语从句。故填why。 二、单句语法填空 1．Lily overslept this morning. That is she was late for work. 【答案】why 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：莉莉今早睡过头了。那就是她上班迟到的原因。设空处引导的是表语从句，此处表示“为什么”用why。故填why。 2．Something else I’d like to know is house was broken into. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：我还想知道谁的房子被破门而入了。分析句子可知，句子为表语从句，空格处单词引导从句，从句中缺少定语，表示“谁的”，故应用“whose”引导从句。故填whose。 3．Though Jack is only twelve years old, he knows a lot. This is he spends a lot of time reading books. 【答案】because 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：虽然杰克只有十二岁，但他知道很多。这是因为他花了很多时间读书。前一句表明“杰克虽年纪小但知道很多”这一结果，后一句说明原因，用从属连词because引导表语从句。故填because。 4．About seventy-one percent of the earth’s surface is covered by water. That’s it looks blue from space. 【答案】why 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：大约71%的地球表面被水覆盖。这就是为什么从太空看它是蓝色的。空处引导名词性从句作表语，前一句是“从太空看地球是蓝色的”的原因，空处需表达“为什么，为何”，应用连接副词why作引导词。故填why。 5．The question is we should go on with the work. 【答案】whether 【详解】考查表语从句连接词。句意：问题是我们是否应该继续这项工作。is”后面接的是表语从句，根据语境，此处表达对“是否”继续工作存在疑问，在表语从句中，表达 “是否” 的含义常用 whether 引导，if 虽也有“是否”之意，但一般不引导表语从句。故填whether。 6．He is is known as a Jack of all trades — he seems to know everything, but in fact master of none. 【答案】what 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：他就是个所谓的万事通 —— 似乎什么都知道，但实际上什么都不精通。此处为表语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，应用what来引导，指代“……的人/事物”。故填what。 7．A philosopher knows that in reality he knows very little. That is he constantly tries to achieve true insight. 【答案】why 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：一位哲学家知道在现实中他知之甚少。这就是他不断努力获得真正洞察力的原因。空处用why引导一个表语从句，解释前面提到的“That is”的原因。故填why。 8．The reason why he was late for school was his bike broke down on the way. 【答案】that 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：他上学迟到的原因是他的自行车在路上坏了。“The reason why...is/was that...”是一个固定句型，意为“……的原因是……”，“why he was late for school”是定语从句，修饰先行词“The reason”，“that his bike broke down on the way”是表语从句，说明原因的具体内容。在这个句子中，表语从句“his bike broke down on the way”结构和意义都完整，所以用“that”引导，“that”在表语从句中只起连接作用，不充当任何成分。故填that。 9．It’s really important to hear what experts say and that’s we’ve invited Emma here. 【答案】why 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：听听专家的意见真的很重要，这就是我们邀请艾玛来的原因。空处引导表语从句，从句缺少原因状语，需用连接副词why引导。表示结果。故填why。 10．He realized that it was there weren’t enough trees to protect them from the heat. 【答案】because 【详解】考查连词。句意：他意识到之所以没有足够的树来保护他们免受酷热，是因为那里树不够多。根据空前it was可知，空处为引导表语从句的连接词，从句there weren’t enough trees to protect them from the heat是一个完整的句子，不缺主语和宾语，根据句意可知，空处需要一个表示原因的连词，故填because。 11．The problem is we can find him. At school or in the shopping centre? 【答案】where 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：问题是我们能在哪里找到他。是在学校还是购物中心？空处引导表语从句，从句中缺少地点状语，应用where引导，表达“我们能在哪里找到他”。故填where。 12．The question is we should accept his invitation. 【答案】whether 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：问题是我们是否应该接受他的邀请。is是系动词，后接表语从句，从句有 “是否” 之意，用 whether引导表语从句，故填 whether。 13．The question is the movie is worth watching. 【答案】whether 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：问题是这部电影是否值得观看。本空引导表语从句，表示“是否”的意思，用whether引导。故填whether。 14．The plan is nice，but my question is they can master this skill. 【答案】whether 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：这个计划很好，但是我们问题是他们能否掌握这个技巧。分析句子结构可知，空处引导一个表语从句，根据“my question”可知，从句表示不确定的语气“是否”，应使用whether引导。故填whether。 15．The only reason for my coming is I hoped to see you again. 【答案】that 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：我来这里的唯一原因是我希望再次见到你。“ I hoped to see you again.”是表语从句，从句不缺少成分，且句意完整，应用连接词that引导，that在名词性从句中无实义，不充当句子成分。故填that。 16．It’s probably the most dangerous work, with potential risks such as electric shocks. That’s every spacewalk is carefully planned. 【答案】why 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：它可能是最危险的工作，有着类似触电的可能的风险。这也就是为什么每次太空漫步都需要谨慎的计划。此处引导表语从句，前文“It’s probably the most dangerous work, with potential risks such as electric shocks.”是后文“every spacewalk is carefully planned”的原因，故应用that's why“这就是为什么”引导表语从句，故填why。 17．Furthermore, car maintenance has cost him a lot of money. The reality is it’s ten thousand dollars altogether. 【答案】that 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：此外，汽车保养也花了他很多钱。实际上总共是一万美元。空格处引导的是表语从句，从句中不缺成分，且句子意思完整，因此用that引导表语从句，故填that。 18．The fact is this mission has occupied a lot of my leisure time. 【答案】that 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：事实上，这项任务占用了我大量的闲暇时间。空格处引导的是表语从句，从句中不缺成分，且句子意思完整，因此空格处用that引导表语从句，故填that。 19．They were short of experience. That was they had to learn from practiced workers. 【答案】why 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：他们缺乏经验，这就是为什么他们必须向有经验的工人学习。根据句意，空格处应填入一个引导表语从句的连接词。这里“why”引导的表语从句解释了“they were short of experience”这一情况的原因。因此，正确的填空答案是why。故填why。 20．— I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. — Is that you had a few days off? 【答案】why 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：——我上周开车去珠海看航展。——这就是你请几天假的原因吗？设空处引导的是表语从句，引导词在从句中作原因状语，表示“为什么”用why。故填why。 21．The humble apartment is the great writer once lived. 【答案】where 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：那间简陋的公寓是那位伟大作家曾经住过的地方。设空处引导的是表语从句，引导词在从句中作地点状语，表示“住过的地方”用where。故填where。 22．The reason why he was late for the meeting yesterday was ______ he had taken a wrong bus. 【答案】that 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：他昨天开会迟到的原因是他坐错车了。空处引导表语从句，从句中句意完整，应用that引导。故填that。 23．The reason why I like the new rule is it sets a good example to young athletes. 【答案】that 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：我喜欢新的规定的原因是它为年轻的运动员树立了榜样。本句为结构the reason why…is  that，表语从句结构意思完整，故用引导词that。 24．Maybe it is the first impression is the strength. China Daily has become one part of my life. 【答案】because 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：也许是因为第一印象就是力量吧。《中国日报》已经成为我生活的一部分。此处为连接词引导的表语从句，从句中不缺少主语和宾语，但句意不完整，结合句意可知，此处表示“因为”应为because符合逻辑，所以此处使用连接词because。故填because。 25．If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that’s they’ll promote. But that leaves the solo (单独) customers out of pocket and disappointed. 【答案】what 【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：如果他们的大多数客户都乐意大量购买，那他们就会推广。本句为包含表语从句的复合句，在表语从句中缺少宾语，且是指事物，所以应用连接代词what。故填what。 26．Determination and optimism are it takes to conquer your fear and accomplish your goal. 【答案】what 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：决心和乐观是克服恐惧和实现目标所需要的。空处引导表语从句，从句中的take缺少宾语，意义为“……的事物”，需用连接代词what引导该表语从句。故填what。 27．A simple restaurant was he usually had the same meal of sausages, eggs and coffee. 【答案】where 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：一个简单的餐厅是他通常吃同样一餐(香肠、鸡蛋和咖啡)的地方。分析句子可知，“ he usually had the same meal of sausages, eggs and coffee”是表语从句，从句缺少引导词，结合句意，表示“在这个简单的餐厅”，用连接副词where引导该从句，并充当地点状语。故填where。 28．As we all know, reading classics is of great importance to us. This is it can not only improve our studies but also enrich our everyday life. 【答案】because 【详解】考查连词。句意：我们都知道，阅读经典对我们很重要。这是因为它不仅可以提高我们的学习，还可以丰富我们的日常生活。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填入连词；前后句之间为因果关系，所以需要填入because，表示“因为”。故填because。 29．That is stone walls are used instead of fences around New England. 【答案】why 【详解】考查表语从句引导词。句意：这就是为什么在新英格兰用石墙代替篱笆的原因。由句意及空前的That is可知此处应填表语从句引导词why，That is why...“这就是为什么……”为固定句型。故填why。 30．That was none of the children thought it unusual that David had decided to join the cross­country team. 【答案】why 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：这就是为什么没有一个孩子认为大卫决定加入越野队是不寻常的。根据句意可知，空处表示“为什么”，that was why表示“这就是为什么”，why引导表语从句，故填why。 三、完成句子 1．That is . 那就是我想要告诉你的。 【答案】what I want to tell you 【详解】考查表语从句。空白处需要填入一个表语从句，作为 “is” 的表语。根据汉语提示 “我想要告诉你”翻译为I want to tell you。在这里，我们需要表达的是“我想要告诉你的（事情）”，因此主从句的连接词应选用 “what”，它在这里既作为连接词，又作为从句中 tell的直接宾语。“想要做某事”为want to do sth.，因此，本题的答案应为 what I want to tell you 。 2．The meeting’s decision is . 会议的决定是所有工人每天加班两小时。 【答案】that all the workers shall work another 2 hours 【详解】考查表语从句。“所有工人每天加班两小时”处理为表语从句，从句中不缺少成分且意义完整，用that引导，“所有工人每天加班两小时”表述为“all the workers shall work another 2 hours” ，shall 用于第三人称表示规定、命令等。故填 that all the workers shall work another 2 hours。 3．He was ill. he didn’t come. 他生病了，那就是他没来的原因。 【答案】That was why 【详解】考查时态和表语从句。结合was可知，句子时态为一般过去时，根据汉语提示可知，空处需填“那就是……的原因”，其英文表达为“that was why...”，其中why引导表语从句，从句不缺成分，句意完整，使用连接副词why。句首单词首字母需大写。故填That was why。 4． his smart phone was out of order. 我联系不上他的原因是他的手机出故障了。 【答案】The reason why I couldn’t reach him was that 【详解】考查从句。根据句意可知，此处意为“我联系不上他的原因是”，故此空应为“主语+谓语动词”。主语为“我联系不上他的原因”，表达为The reason why I couldn’t reach him，why引导定语从句，修饰先行词The reason，why在从句中作原因状语；谓语动词为“是”，故应用be动词，且根据后文was可知，此处应用一般过去时，主语为The reason，为单数，故应用was；根据空后“his smart phone was out of order.”可知，空后为一个完整的句子，故应用that引导表语从句。故填The reason why I couldn’t reach him was that。 5．It appears . 看来她对自己的工作已失去兴趣。 【答案】as if she’s lost interest in her job 【详解】考查表语从句。表示“她对自己的工作已失去兴趣”用as if“好像，似乎”引导表语从句。从句中表示“她”用she，作主语；表示“失去兴趣”用lose interest in，强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，即“已经失去兴趣”，时态用现在完成时，主语为第三人称单数，助动词用has。表示“她的工作”用her job，作in的宾语。故填as if she’s lost interest in her job。 6． I must trust you to keep this secret. 那就是为什么我必须得相信你会保守这个秘密。 【答案】That’s why 【详解】考查表语从句。“那就是为什么”用句型That’s why...，连接副词why引导表语从句。根据句意，故填That’s why。 7．He overslept and got up too late this morning and . 今天早上他起床晚了, 那就是他错过飞机的原因。 【答案】that was why he missed the plane 【详解】考查表语从句、时态和动词。根据句意可知，此处完成并列句。“that”作主语，代指“今天早上他起床晚了”这件事，根据句中“overslept”可知，句子为一般过去时，系动词用“was”，后接“why”引导的表语从句，表示“原因”，“he”作从句主语，“missed”作谓语，表示“错过”，后接“the plane”作宾语，表示“飞机”。故填that was why he missed the plane。 8．My advice is . 我的建议是我们应该马上制定一个新计划。 【答案】that we (should)make a new plan at once 【详解】考查表语从句和虚拟语气。本空为表语从句，表示“我们”用we，作主语；表示“马上制定一个新计划”用make a new plan at once，advice的表语从句用虚拟语气，谓语用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略，表语从句不缺少成分或含义，用that引导。故填that we (should)make a new plan at once。 9．You have made rapid progress. he helps you a lot. 你进步很快。这是因为他经常帮助你。 【答案】This is because 【详解】考查表语从句。根据句意，此处表示“这”为this作主语，位于句首，首字母需大写，表示“是”为be动词，结合从句的谓语动词helps可知，此处使用一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数，所以be动词为is；表示“因为”为because引导表语从句。故填This is because。 10．他从一棵很高的树上摔了下来。那就是他弄伤腿的原因。 ①He fell from a tall tree. he hurt his leg. ②He hurt his leg. he fell from a tall tree. ③The reason he fell from a tall tree. 【答案】 That was why That was because Why he hurt his leg was that 【详解】考查定语从句，表语从句，主语从句，一般过去时。本句描述过去的事实，因此句子时态为一般过去时；句子①前句He fell from a tall tree为原因，后句he hurt his leg为结果，需用“That was why…​​”表示“这就是为什么……”。故填①That was why。句子②前句He hurt his leg为结果，后句He fell from a tall tree为原因，需用“That was because…”表示“这是因为……”。故填②That was because。句子③使用关系词​​引导定语从句修饰 reason，先行词在从句中作原因状语，使用why引导，其次，​​使用that​​引导表语从句说明结果。即“The reason why... was that...​​”表示“……的原因是……”。故填③why he hurt his leg was that。故答案为：①That was why；②That was because；③why he hurt his leg was that。 题型一 语法填空 （24-25高二下·江苏苏州·期末）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chinese tech giant Huawei has launched its Mate XT Ultimate Design smartphone, 1 folding phone that can transform into a 10.2-inch tablet. 2 (describe) by Huawei as “the first-ever commercial triple (三倍的) foldable phone”, the main innovation of the new model is a flexible OLED touchscreen 3 is able to open or close in two directions. When fully unfolded, the screen delivers 4 the brand called “cinema-level viewing” with a screen ratio (比率) of 16 by 11. The device switches 5 (automatic) between single, double and three screen modes as the screen unfolds. To achieve the novel technical goal of a three-fold screen, Huawei developed a joint system that uses two tracks 6 (work) together to enable both inward and outward folds. An integrated connecting pole and slide rail structure help to reduce the overall 7 (thick) of the joint and therefore the phone itself, which 8 (measure) 12.8 millimeters when folded. Huawei 9 (choose) to launch the device just a few hours after US firm Apple presented the iPhone 16 lineup. Huawei Technologies Co. was founded in 1987 and is now one of the world’s largest telecommunications 10 (firm), operating as a network carrier as well as a producer of its own products and devices for other brands. 【答案】 1．a 2．Described 3．that/which 4．what 5．automatically 6．working 7．thickness 8．measures 9．chose 10．firms 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国科技巨头华为推出的新款智能手机Mate XT Ultimate Design，这款手机具有三倍折叠功能，并详细描述了其技术特点和设计创新。 1．考查冠词。句意：中国科技巨头华为推出了Mate XT Ultimate Design智能手机，这是一款可以折叠成10.2英寸平板电脑的手机。根据句意可知，此处泛指“一款可以折叠成10.2英寸平板电脑的手机”，且folding是以辅音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词a。故填a。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：这款手机被华为称为“有史以来第一款商用三倍折叠手机”，其主要创新是一款柔性OLED触摸屏，能够在两个方向上打开或关闭。分析句子结构可知，逗号后为完整句子，且无其它连词，所以describe应用非谓语动词形式，describe与逻辑主语the main innovation之间为被动关系，应用过去分词形式作状语，且位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Described。 3．考查定语从句。句意：这款手机被华为称为“有史以来第一款商用三倍折叠手机”，其主要创新是一款柔性OLED触摸屏，能够在两个方向上打开或关闭。分析句子结构可知，此处为关系词引导的限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词a flexible OLED touchscreen指物，所以应用关系代词that或which引导。故填that/which。 4．考查宾语从句。句意：当完全展开时，屏幕提供了该品牌所谓的“影院级观看”体验，屏幕比例为16比11。分析句子结构可知，此处为连接词引导的宾语从句，从句中缺少called的宾语，表示“……的东西”，指物，应用连接代词what引导。故填what。 5．考查副词。句意：随着屏幕的展开，设备会在单屏、双屏和三屏模式之间自动切换。修饰动词switches应用automatic的副词形式automatically，作状语。故填automatically。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了实现三折屏幕的新技术目标，华为开发了一个联合系统，该系统使用两条轨道协同工作，以实现向内和向外折叠。分析句子结构可知，that引导的定语从句中，已有谓语动词uses，因此work应用非谓语动词形式，修饰前面的two tracks，因它们之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动且进行的动作，所以应用现在分词形式作后置定语。故填working。 7．考查名词。句意：集成的连接杆和滑轨结构有助于减少接头的整体厚度，从而减少手机本身的厚度，折叠时厚度为12.8毫米。根据空格前的the overall可知，此处应用名词作reduce的宾语，thick的名词形式为thickness，是不可数名词。故填thickness。 8．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：集成的连接杆和滑轨结构有助于减少接头的整体厚度，从而减少手机本身的厚度，折叠时厚度为12.8毫米。分析句子结构可知，此处为关系词which引导的非限制性定语从句，which指代先行词the phone itself，在从句中作主语，句子描述的是一般事实，所以用一般现在时，且measure为不及物动词，无被动语态，主语为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填measures。 9．考查时态。句意：华为选择在美国公司苹果推出iPhone 16系列几个小时后发布这款设备。分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词，根据句意和句中presented可知，此处描述的是过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时。故填chose。 10．考查名词复数。句意：华为技术有限公司成立于1987年，现在是世界上最大的电信公司之一，既作为网络运营商运营，也为其他品牌生产自己的产品和设备。根据空格前的one of可知，此处应用名词复数形式。故填firms。 （24-25高二下·广东佛山·期末）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 Modern digital technology is helping with the data preservation of the cultural relics in the Mogao Grottoes, while also providing virtual access 1 the ancient art treasures housed at the renowned UNESCO World Heritage Site in Dunhuang, Gansu province. The “Digital Dunhuang” project, 2 was put forward in the late 1980s, has made 3 (impress) achievements. Audiences worldwide can enjoy clear 4 (image) and 360-degree views of 30 ancient caves, thanks to an online platform launched in 2016. In addition to 5 (appreciate) the murals (壁画) in the Mogao Grottoes, visitors to Dunhuang can now better understand 6 value of these cultural relics. This is achieved through visual experiences, including watching films in which digital technologies are employed 7 (showcase) the beauty of Mogao Grottoes. In 2022, a virtual cartoon figure named Jiayao 8 (introduce) as the first digital cultural ambassador (大使) of Dunhuang. 9 (base) on a half-woman, half-bird creature from the murals of the Mogao Grottoes, Jiayao hosts live virtual tours of exhibitions and 10 (explain) Dunhuang culture to a wider global audience. 【答案】 1．to 2．which 3．impressive 4．images 5．appreciating 6．the 7．to showcase 8．was introduced 9．Based 10．explains 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述数字技术助力敦煌莫高窟文物数据保存与虚拟展示，“数字敦煌”项目成果显著，还推出虚拟大使传播文化。 1．考查固定搭配。句意：现代数字技术帮助敦煌莫高窟文物的数据保存，同时也为这座位于甘肃敦煌的著名联合国教科文组织世界遗产地所藏的古代艺术珍宝提供了虚拟访问的途径。这里考查access to...，为固定短语，意为“接近/使用…… 的机会或途径”，符合语境。故填to。 2．考查定语从句。句意：“数字敦煌” 项目提出于20世纪80年代末，已取得令人瞩目的成就。此空考查非限制性定语从句，先行词为The “Digital Dunhuang” project，指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 3．考查词性转换。句意：“数字敦煌”项目提出于20世纪80年代末，已取得令人瞩目的成就。此处需用形容词修饰名词achievements，impress的形容词形式为impressive，表“令人印象深刻的”，符合语境。故填impressive。 4．考查名词复数。句意：多亏了2016年推出的在线平台，全球观众可以欣赏30个古代洞窟的清晰图像和360度全景。image为可数名词，根据语境及并列宾语360-degree views可知，此处应用复数形式。故填images。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：除了欣赏莫高窟的壁画，前往敦煌的游客现在还能更好地理解这些文物的价值。in addition to中的to为介词，后接动名词作宾语。故填appreciating。 6．考查冠词。句意：除了欣赏莫高窟的壁画，前往敦煌的游客现在还能更好地理解这些文物的价值。此处特指莫高窟文物的价值，用定冠词the表特指。故填the。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：这是通过视觉体验实现的，包括观看运用数字技术来展示莫高窟之美的电影。定语从句中已有谓语动词are employed，空处应用非谓语动词，此处用不定式作目的状语。故填to showcase。 8．考查时态和被动语态。句意：2022年，一个名为“嘉瑶”的虚拟卡通人物被介绍为敦煌首位数字文化大使。此空考查谓语动词，根据时间状语In 2022可知这里应用一般过去时，主语a virtual cartoon figure与introduce之间为被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语a virtual cartoon figure named Jiayao为单数。故填was introduced。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：“嘉瑶”以莫高窟壁画中半人半鸟的形象为原型，主持虚拟展览直播，并向更广泛的全球观众讲解敦煌文化。be based on，为固定短语，意为“以……为基础”，此处用过去分词作状语，省略be动词，且句首时首字母应大写。故填Based。 10．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“嘉瑶”以莫高窟壁画中半人半鸟的形象为原型，主持虚拟展览直播，并向更广泛的全球观众讲解敦煌文化。这里考查谓语动词，and连接并列谓语hosts和explain，主语Jiayao为单数，时态与hosts保持一致用一般现在时，Jiayao为第三人称单数形式。故填explains。 题型二 阅读理解 （24-25高二下·福建三明·阶段练习）A joint research team recently have developed a new electronic skin that is similar to human skin in strength, durability and sensitivity. The skin or e-skin may play an important role in next-generation personalized medicine, soft robotics and artificial intelligence. “The ideal e-skin will mimic (模仿) the many natural functions of human skin, such as sensing temperature and touch, accurately and in real time,” says leading researcher Yichen Cai. However, making suitably flexible electronics that can perform such delicate tasks while also used repeatedly is challenging, and each material involved must be carefully engineered. Most e-skins are made by putting an active sensor on the surface that attaches to human skin. However, the connection between them is often too weak, which reduces the durability and sensitivity of the material; otherwise, if it is too strong, it won’t be flexible enough, making it more likely to break the circuit. “The landscape of skin electronics keeps shifting at a remarkable pace,” says Cai. “The discovery of 2D sensors has accelerated efforts to turn these quite thin but strong materials into functional, durable artificial skins.” The new man-made skin built by the researchers could sense objects from 20 centimeters away. It could further make a quick response when touched in less than one tenth of a second. “It is a striking achievement for an e-skin to maintain toughness after repeated use,” said Shen, “which mimics the softness and rapid recovery of human skin.” This type of e-skin could monitor a range of biological information, such as changes in blood pressure, which can be detected from movements of arms and legs. This data can then be shared and stored on the cloud via Wi-Fi. “One remaining problem to the widespread use of e-skins lies in mass production of high-resolution sensors,” adds group leader Vincent Tung, “however, the latest technology offers new promise.” 1．What’s the feature of the new e-skin? A．It’s flexible and sensitive. B．It is almost the same as human skin. C．It has fragile electronics. D．It has proved important in areas like AI. 2．What can the new e-skin do? A．It can rapidly react to touches. B．It can change human’s blood pressure. C．It can heal the wounded skin quickly. D．It can adjust human’s temperature. 3．What does the underlined word “striking” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Bitter . B．Physical. C．Influential. D．Moderate. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．A Breakthrough in High Technology. B．Man-made Skin Improved C．E-skin, a Promising Business D．The Wide Spread Use of E-skin 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科研团队研发出一种新型电子皮肤，介绍了其特点、功能、面临的挑战以及发展前景。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“A joint research team recently have developed a new electronic skin that is similar to human skin in strength, durability and sensitivity.(一个联合研究小组最近开发出一种新的电子皮肤，它在强度、耐用性和敏感性方面与人类皮肤相似)”可知，新型电子皮肤在强度、耐用性和敏感性方面与人类皮肤相似。由此可知，这种新型电子皮肤具有灵活性和敏感性。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第五段中“It could further make a quick response when touched in less than one tenth of a second.(当被触碰时，它还能在不到十分之一秒的时间内做出快速反应)可知，新型电子皮肤能对触摸做出快速反应。故选A。 3．词句猜测题。根据第五段中划线词后“for an e-skin to maintain toughness after repeated use(对于电子皮肤来说，在反复使用后保持韧性)以及“which mimics the softness and rapid recovery of human skin.(这模仿了人类皮肤的柔软和快速恢复)”可知，电子皮肤在反复使用后能保持韧性，模仿了人类皮肤的柔软和快速恢复，这是一个很显著的成就，故划线词与C项Influential“显著的”意义相近。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“A joint research team recently have developed a new electronic skin that is similar to human skin in strength, durability and sensitivity. The skin or e-skin may play an important role in next-generation personalized medicine, soft robotics and artificial intelligence.(一个联合研究小组最近开发出一种新的电子皮肤，它在强度、耐用性和敏感性方面与人类皮肤相似。这种皮肤或电子皮肤可能在下一代个性化医疗、软体机器人和人工智能领域发挥重要作用)”可知，文章主要说明了科研团队研发出一种新型电子皮肤，介绍了其特点、功能、面临的挑战以及发展前景，B项“改善的人造皮肤”适合作为文章标题。故选B。 （24-25高二下·江苏盐城·期末）Mariangela Hungria, a microbiologist in Brazil, spent decades looking for bacteria (细菌) in the soil that could act like fertilizer (肥料), boosting farmers' harvests. But she faced a lot of skepticism. When she started her career, everybody was like, “She is crazy! She will never succeed. ” But today, her work was rewarded with the World Food Prize, which recognizes advances in agriculture. Hungria's love of science was lit in childhood thanks to her grandmother, who taught her about backyard plants and the soil that fed them. “One day, she gave me a book. It was about the life of microbiologists. After reading it, I announced to my family that I would become a microbiologist, ” Hungria recalls. Later, she got her Ph. D．from the Federal Rural University and went to work for the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa) in 1982. She followed in the footsteps of another pioneer of Brazilian science, Johanna Döbereiner, who had begun hunting for bacteria that could boost the productivity of crops. Hungria's biological seed and soil treatments enable wheat, corn and other major crops, including soybeans — Brazil's top agricultural export — to source nutrients through soil bacteria, significantly boosting crop yields (产量), reducing the need for chemical fertilizers as well as lowering greenhouse gas emissions (排放). Over Hungria's 40-year career with Embrapa, Brazil's soybean production has increased from 15 million tons in 1979 to an anticipated 173million tons in the coming harvest, the World Food Prize Foundation said. Hungria said, “I always believe that it is possible to achieve high yields necessary to relieve world hunger, but in a sustainable way, preserving the planet. ” She wants to see women taking a bigger role. “Women are more likely to shift the focus of farming toward environmental sustainability. Caring for land that's already been claimed rather than trying to clear more. Focusing not only on the size of the harvest but also on which crops deliver better nutrition”, says she. And Hungria adds she'll use the cash she has won to fund a new award that will recognize women who are working in agriculture, microbiology, communications or for the benefit of people with special needs. 1．What does the underlined word “skepticism” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Doubt. B．Envy. C．Blame. D．Abuse. 2．What inspired Hungria to be a microbiologist? A．Her academic experience. B．Work in Embrapa. C．Her grandmother's impact. D．Guidance from Johanna. 3．What function do Hungria's biological treatments have? A．Decreasing the productivity of soybeans. B．Generating more greenhouse gas emissions. C．Increasing farmers' dependence on chemicals. D．Boosting nutrients uptake through soil bacteria. 4．What can be inferred from Hungria's words? A．Ecological health outweighs maximum yields. B．Funding new awards for women is meaningless. C．Sustainable practices will lead to lower harvests. D．Involving women in farming makes a difference. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了巴西微生物学家Mariangela Hungria的故事。她花费数十年在土壤中寻找能像肥料一样促进农民收成的细菌，一开始面临诸多怀疑，但如今她的工作获得了世界粮食奖。 1．词句猜测题。根据下文“When she started her career, everybody was like, “She is crazy! She will never succeed. ” (当她开始她的职业生涯时，每个人都说：“她疯了！她永远不会成功。” )”可以推断出她面临很多人的怀疑。所以skepticism意为“怀疑”，和A选项同义，故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Hungria's love of science was lit in childhood thanks to her grandmother, who taught her about backyard plants and the soil that fed them. “One day, she gave me a book. It was about the life of microbiologists. After reading it, I announced to my family that I would become a microbiologist, ” Hungria recalls. (Hungria对科学的热爱在她的童年时代就被点燃了，这要归功于她的祖母，她教会了她关于后院植物和喂养它们的土壤的知识。一天，她给了我一本书。它是关于微生物学家的生活。读完这本书后，我向家人宣布，我将成为一名微生物学家，”Hungria回忆道。)”由此可知是她祖母的影响激励她成为微生物学家，故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“Hungria's biological seed and soil treatments enable wheat, corn and other major crops, including soybeans — Brazil's top agricultural export — to source nutrients through soil bacteria, significantly boosting crop yields (产量), reducing the need for chemical fertilizers as well as lowering greenhouse gas emissions (排放). (Hungria的生物种子和土壤处理使小麦、玉米和其他主要作物，包括巴西最大的农业出口产品大豆，能够通过土壤细菌获取养分，从而显著提高作物产量，减少对化肥的需求，并降低温室气体排放。)”可知Hungria的生物疗法通过土壤细菌促进养分吸收，故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Hungria said, “I always believe that it is possible to achieve high yields necessary to relieve world hunger, but in a sustainable way, preserving the planet. ” She wants to see women taking a bigger role. “Women are more likely to shift the focus of farming toward environmental sustainability. Caring for land that's already been claimed rather than trying to clear more. Focusing not only on the size of the harvest but also on which crops deliver better nutrition”, says she. (Hungria说：“我一直相信，有可能通过可持续的方式实现缓解世界饥饿所需的高产量，保护地球。”她希望看到女性发挥更大的作用。“女性更有可能将农业的重点转向环境可持续性。关心已经有人认领的土地，而不是试图开垦更多的土地。不仅要关注收成的大小，还要关注哪些作物提供更好的营养。”她说。)”由此可以推断出让女性参与农业会产生影响，故选D。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 1 Science and Scientists 核心语法精练（表语从句） 目录 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 2 一、表语从句高考真题 2 二、单句语法填空 2 三、完成句子 4 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 5 题型一 语法填空（模考真题） 5 题型二 阅读理解（模考真题） 6 定义：从句放在连系动词之后，充当复合句中的表语，连系动词有be，look，seem，sound，appear等。 构成：引导词+简单句 引导词： 1. 连接词that The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦是我把他的地址弄丢了。 The fact is that I was in the garden when the robbery happened. 事实是抢劫发生的时候我正在花园。 2. 连接词whether（是否），as（和……一样），as if / though（似乎，好像） The question is whether it’s worth doing. 问题是它是否值得一做。 He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起来还与十年前一样。 Things are not always as they seem to be. 事物并不总是如其表象。 It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door. 听起来好像有人在敲门。 3. 连接代词：who，what，which The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。 The question is which of us should go. 问题是我们哪一个应该去。     The problem was who could do the work. 问题是谁能做这项工作。     That’s what he is worrying about. 那就是他在担心的事情。 That was what she did this morning. 那就是她今天早晨所做的一切。 4. 连接副词：where，when，how，why The question is how he did it. 问题是他是如何做此事的。 This is where they once lived. 这就是他们曾经住过的地方。 一、非限制性定语从句高考真题 1.（2024·新高考II卷·语法填空） If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that’s ________ they’ll promote. But that leaves the solo (单独) customers out of pocket and disappointed. 2.（2023新高考II卷）They also need to be ready to give interviews in English with international journalists. This is 42 they need an English trainer. 二、单句语法填空 1．Lily overslept this morning. That is she was late for work. 2．Something else I’d like to know is house was broken into. 3．Though Jack is only twelve years old, he knows a lot. This is he spends a lot of time reading books. 4．About seventy-one percent of the earth’s surface is covered by water. That’s it looks blue from space. 5．The question is we should go on with the work. 6．He is is known as a Jack of all trades — he seems to know everything, but in fact master of none. 7．A philosopher knows that in reality he knows very little. That is he constantly tries to achieve true insight. 8．The reason why he was late for school was his bike broke down on the way. 9．It’s really important to hear what experts say and that’s we’ve invited Emma here. 10．He realized that it was there weren’t enough trees to protect them from the heat. 11．The problem is we can find him. At school or in the shopping centre? 12．The question is we should accept his invitation. 13．The question is the movie is worth watching. 14．The plan is nice，but my question is they can master this skill. 15．The only reason for my coming is I hoped to see you again. 16．It’s probably the most dangerous work, with potential risks such as electric shocks. That’s every spacewalk is carefully planned. 17．Furthermore, car maintenance has cost him a lot of money. The reality is it’s ten thousand dollars altogether. 18．The fact is this mission has occupied a lot of my leisure time. 19．They were short of experience. That was they had to learn from practiced workers. 20．— I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. — Is that you had a few days off? 21．The humble apartment is the great writer once lived. 22．The reason why he was late for the meeting yesterday was ______ he had taken a wrong bus. 23．The reason why I like the new rule is it sets a good example to young athletes. 24．Maybe it is the first impression is the strength. China Daily has become one part of my life. 25．If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that’s they’ll promote. But that leaves the solo (单独) customers out of pocket and disappointed. 26．Determination and optimism are it takes to conquer your fear and accomplish your goal. 27．A simple restaurant was he usually had the same meal of sausages, eggs and coffee. 28．As we all know, reading classics is of great importance to us. This is it can not only improve our studies but also enrich our everyday life. 29．That is stone walls are used instead of fences around New England. 30．That was none of the children thought it unusual that David had decided to join the cross­country team. 三、完成句子 1．That is . 那就是我想要告诉你的。 2．The meeting’s decision is . 会议的决定是所有工人每天加班两小时。 3．He was ill. he didn’t come. 他生病了，那就是他没来的原因。 4． his smart phone was out of order. 我联系不上他的原因是他的手机出故障了。 5．It appears . 看来她对自己的工作已失去兴趣。 6． I must trust you to keep this secret. 那就是为什么我必须得相信你会保守这个秘密。 7．He overslept and got up too late this morning and . 今天早上他起床晚了, 那就是他错过飞机的原因。 8．My advice is . 我的建议是我们应该马上制定一个新计划。 9．You have made rapid progress. he helps you a lot. 你进步很快。这是因为他经常帮助你。 10．他从一棵很高的树上摔了下来。那就是他弄伤腿的原因。 ①He fell from a tall tree. he hurt his leg. ②He hurt his leg. he fell from a tall tree. ③The reason he fell from a tall tree. 题型一 语法填空 （24-25高二下·江苏苏州·期末）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chinese tech giant Huawei has launched its Mate XT Ultimate Design smartphone, 1 folding phone that can transform into a 10.2-inch tablet. 2 (describe) by Huawei as “the first-ever commercial triple (三倍的) foldable phone”, the main innovation of the new model is a flexible OLED touchscreen 3 is able to open or close in two directions. When fully unfolded, the screen delivers 4 the brand called “cinema-level viewing” with a screen ratio (比率) of 16 by 11. The device switches 5 (automatic) between single, double and three screen modes as the screen unfolds. To achieve the novel technical goal of a three-fold screen, Huawei developed a joint system that uses two tracks 6 (work) together to enable both inward and outward folds. An integrated connecting pole and slide rail structure help to reduce the overall 7 (thick) of the joint and therefore the phone itself, which 8 (measure) 12.8 millimeters when folded. Huawei 9 (choose) to launch the device just a few hours after US firm Apple presented the iPhone 16 lineup. Huawei Technologies Co. was founded in 1987 and is now one of the world’s largest telecommunications 10 (firm), operating as a network carrier as well as a producer of its own products and devices for other brands. （24-25高二下·广东佛山·期末）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 Modern digital technology is helping with the data preservation of the cultural relics in the Mogao Grottoes, while also providing virtual access 1 the ancient art treasures housed at the renowned UNESCO World Heritage Site in Dunhuang, Gansu province. The “Digital Dunhuang” project, 2 was put forward in the late 1980s, has made 3 (impress) achievements. Audiences worldwide can enjoy clear 4 (image) and 360-degree views of 30 ancient caves, thanks to an online platform launched in 2016. In addition to 5 (appreciate) the murals (壁画) in the Mogao Grottoes, visitors to Dunhuang can now better understand 6 value of these cultural relics. This is achieved through visual experiences, including watching films in which digital technologies are employed 7 (showcase) the beauty of Mogao Grottoes. In 2022, a virtual cartoon figure named Jiayao 8 (introduce) as the first digital cultural ambassador (大使) of Dunhuang. 9 (base) on a half-woman, half-bird creature from the murals of the Mogao Grottoes, Jiayao hosts live virtual tours of exhibitions and 10 (explain) Dunhuang culture to a wider global audience. 题型二 阅读理解 （24-25高二下·福建三明·阶段练习）A joint research team recently have developed a new electronic skin that is similar to human skin in strength, durability and sensitivity. The skin or e-skin may play an important role in next-generation personalized medicine, soft robotics and artificial intelligence. “The ideal e-skin will mimic (模仿) the many natural functions of human skin, such as sensing temperature and touch, accurately and in real time,” says leading researcher Yichen Cai. However, making suitably flexible electronics that can perform such delicate tasks while also used repeatedly is challenging, and each material involved must be carefully engineered. Most e-skins are made by putting an active sensor on the surface that attaches to human skin. However, the connection between them is often too weak, which reduces the durability and sensitivity of the material; otherwise, if it is too strong, it won’t be flexible enough, making it more likely to break the circuit. “The landscape of skin electronics keeps shifting at a remarkable pace,” says Cai. “The discovery of 2D sensors has accelerated efforts to turn these quite thin but strong materials into functional, durable artificial skins.” The new man-made skin built by the researchers could sense objects from 20 centimeters away. It could further make a quick response when touched in less than one tenth of a second. “It is a striking achievement for an e-skin to maintain toughness after repeated use,” said Shen, “which mimics the softness and rapid recovery of human skin.” This type of e-skin could monitor a range of biological information, such as changes in blood pressure, which can be detected from movements of arms and legs. This data can then be shared and stored on the cloud via Wi-Fi. “One remaining problem to the widespread use of e-skins lies in mass production of high-resolution sensors,” adds group leader Vincent Tung, “however, the latest technology offers new promise.” 1．What’s the feature of the new e-skin? A．It’s flexible and sensitive. B．It is almost the same as human skin. C．It has fragile electronics. D．It has proved important in areas like AI. 2．What can the new e-skin do? A．It can rapidly react to touches. B．It can change human’s blood pressure. C．It can heal the wounded skin quickly. D．It can adjust human’s temperature. 3．What does the underlined word “striking” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Bitter . B．Physical. C．Influential. D．Moderate. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．A Breakthrough in High Technology. B．Man-made Skin Improved C．E-skin, a Promising Business D．The Wide Spread Use of E-skin （24-25高二下·江苏盐城·期末）Mariangela Hungria, a microbiologist in Brazil, spent decades looking for bacteria (细菌) in the soil that could act like fertilizer (肥料), boosting farmers' harvests. But she faced a lot of skepticism. When she started her career, everybody was like, “She is crazy! She will never succeed. ” But today, her work was rewarded with the World Food Prize, which recognizes advances in agriculture. Hungria's love of science was lit in childhood thanks to her grandmother, who taught her about backyard plants and the soil that fed them. “One day, she gave me a book. It was about the life of microbiologists. After reading it, I announced to my family that I would become a microbiologist, ” Hungria recalls. Later, she got her Ph. D．from the Federal Rural University and went to work for the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa) in 1982. She followed in the footsteps of another pioneer of Brazilian science, Johanna Döbereiner, who had begun hunting for bacteria that could boost the productivity of crops. Hungria's biological seed and soil treatments enable wheat, corn and other major crops, including soybeans — Brazil's top agricultural export — to source nutrients through soil bacteria, significantly boosting crop yields (产量), reducing the need for chemical fertilizers as well as lowering greenhouse gas emissions (排放). Over Hungria's 40-year career with Embrapa, Brazil's soybean production has increased from 15 million tons in 1979 to an anticipated 173million tons in the coming harvest, the World Food Prize Foundation said. Hungria said, “I always believe that it is possible to achieve high yields necessary to relieve world hunger, but in a sustainable way, preserving the planet. ” She wants to see women taking a bigger role. “Women are more likely to shift the focus of farming toward environmental sustainability. Caring for land that's already been claimed rather than trying to clear more. Focusing not only on the size of the harvest but also on which crops deliver better nutrition”, says she. And Hungria adds she'll use the cash she has won to fund a new award that will recognize women who are working in agriculture, microbiology, communications or for the benefit of people with special needs. 1．What does the underlined word “skepticism” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Doubt. B．Envy. C．Blame. D．Abuse. 2．What inspired Hungria to be a microbiologist? A．Her academic experience. B．Work in Embrapa. C．Her grandmother's impact. D．Guidance from Johanna. 3．What function do Hungria's biological treatments have? A．Decreasing the productivity of soybeans. B．Generating more greenhouse gas emissions. C．Increasing farmers' dependence on chemicals. D．Boosting nutrients uptake through soil bacteria. 4．What can be inferred from Hungria's words? A．Ecological health outweighs maximum yields. B．Funding new awards for women is meaningless. C．Sustainable practices will lead to lower harvests. D．Involving women in farming makes a difference. 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$