Unit 1 People of Achievement（单元测试·基础卷）英语人教版2019选择性必修第一册

Unit 1 People of Achievement单元测试·基础卷 （考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：120分） （参考答案） 第一部分 阅读 (共两节，满分50分) 第一节 1． B 2．A 3．C 4． B 5．A 6．C 7．D 8． A 9．C 10．A 11．B 12． A 13．C 14．D 15．A 第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 16． G 17．F 18．D 19．C 20．B 第二部分 语言知识运用 (共两节，满分30分) 第1节 (共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 21．D 22．C 23．A 24．C 25．D 26．B 27．A 28．C 29．B 30．C 31．D 32．B 33．A 34．A 35．D 第二节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 36．passed 37．which 38．devoting 39．repeated 40．to master 41．remarkable 42．wisdom 43．courageously 44．to/towards 45．how 第三部分 写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节 The Person I Admire Most -Yuan Longping Since the 1980s, Yuan and his team have trained more than 14,000 hybrid rice technicians for nearly 80 developing countries by running international hybrid rice training classes. At present, more than 40 countries and regions have realized large-scale cultivation of hybrid rice, with the annual planting area reaching 7 million hectares, an increase of more than 20 percent compared with ordinary rice. In addition to his dream of covering the world with hybrid rice, he also has a dream of “enjoying the cool under the grass”. He dreamed of super hybrid rice growing taller than sorghum in his experimental field, with heads the size of sorghum and kernels the size of peanuts, where he and his assistant sat under a cascade of spikes to cool off. Now rice yields can be as high as 18 tons per hectare. When asked how high he hoped the rice would yield, Yuan said, “There is no end to this. There is no ceiling.” 第二节 （满分25分）  One spring evening during my first year as an emergency room nurse, an ambulance brought in an elderly woman. She looked weak and pale, her hands shaking slightly as she held a small handbag. When I looked at her chart, my heart skipped a beat. Her name was Margaret Liston. I leaned closer and gently said, “Miss Liston?” She turned her head, her eyes searching my face. For a moment she said nothing, then asked softly, “Do I know you?” I smiled. “You were my fourth-grade teacher. You taught me how to love reading.”     Liston’s eyes widened, and a small smile appeared. “You were the tall boy in the back, always listening closely during story time.” I nodded, suddenly filled with emotion. “You helped me through my hardest school years.” Miss Liston was admitted to a room that night. Over the next few days, I visited her whenever I could. I brought books — some old favorites, including Danny, the Champion of the World. I read to her every evening, just like she once read to me. She helped me through my difficult childhood. Now, it was my turn to help her through this hard time in her life — with stories, care, and gratitude. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 1 People of Achievement单元测试·基础卷 （考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：120分） 注意事项： 1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。 3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Four Important Scientists in the World Ellen Swallow Richards (1842-1911) In 1868, the pioneering American engineer and chemist Ellen Swallow Richards became the first woman admitted to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where she earned a degree in chemistry. According to Cornell University, she is regarded as the founder of the field of home economics, which applied scientific principles to domestic life, and she is considered one of the first environmental engineers thanks to her groundbreaking research on water quality and sanitation (卫生). Hermann Minkowski (1864-1909) German mathematician Hermann Minkowski is most famous for developing a geometric interpretation of Einstein’s theory of special relativity. Among his other innovations, he proposed the idea of space-time, which combines the three physical dimensions of space with the fourth dimension of time into a unified mathematical framework. He also made important contributions to number theory and the geometry of numbers. Abdus Salam (1926-1996) Abdus Salam was a Pakistani theoretical physicist who contributed to the scientific understanding of fundamental forces. One of his key achievements was the theory of the electroweak force, which combined the electromagnetic (电磁的) force and the weak nuclear force — a step towards a unified theory of everything. With his colleagues, Salam was awarded the 1979 Nobel Prize in physics for this work. Jagadish Chandra Bose (1858-1937) Indian scientist Jagadish Chandra Bose is known for his contributions to the fields of physics, botany and biology. He invented an instrument called the crescograph, which can detect minute changes in plant tissues in response to changes in light, temperature and other factors. His experiments in this field challenged the common view of plants as passive things and showed they were sensitive to their environments. 1．Who is a pioneer in public health? A．Jagadish Chandra Bose. B．Ellen Swallow Richards. C．Hermann Minkowski. D．Abdus Salam. 2．What is special about Abdus Salam? A．He won the Nobel Prize in physics in 1979. B．He proposed the theory of four-dimensional space-time. C．He developed a geometric interpretation of Einstein’s theory. D．He made important contributions to number theory and geometry. 3．When was the scientist inventing the crescograph born? A．In 1842. B．In 1864. C．In 1858. D．In 1926. B Katalin Kariku along with her colleague Drew Weissman won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2023 for the development of mRNA technology. Kariku was born in January 1955, in a small village in Hungary. She had an ambition from early on to become a scientist. As a young adult, she became interested in messenger RNA, which carries DNA instructions to the protein-making engine of cells. She hoped that mRNA could play a key role in the treatment of various diseases. It became her mission to make her dream a reality to help cure patients. However, Kariku faced a shortage of funding for her research in her country, and she then faced the choice of stopping and doing something not connected to her mission or continuing her research at the price of having to leave her country. After searching for posts and scholarships worldwide, Kariku accepted an offer from Temple University in Philadelphia for a postdoctoral fellowship. Kariku and her husband gave up everything they had in their homeland and bought a one-way ticket to the U. S., where they knew, no one. She was initially on track to become a full professor but received repeated fund rejections. Undeterred by the problems and challenges, she chose to continue her research. By focusing on what mattered to her every day, she “accidentally” met her work partner Drew Weissman who was also interested in mRNA．They teamed up to work on mRNA and published papers about their groundbreaking discovery for years. Then the pandemic hit the world. The changed mRNA technology Kariku and Weissman invented was then used in vaccines (疫苗) that prevented the infection effectively. Kariku’s life is a testament (证明) to finding one’s passion and then pursuing it every single day. Many of us know what we are fond of, but we are not good self-motivators on a daily basis. 4．What can we learn about Kariku from paragraph 2? A．She had a tolerant mind. B．She had a clear sense of purpose. C．She was fond of world tours. D．She longed to be a doctor. 5．What does the underlined part “Undeterred by” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Not discouraged by. B．Being unaware of. C．Not motivated by. D．Being ashamed of. 6．What is probably the main contribution of Kariku? A．Simplifying the mRNA technology. B．Making the structure of mRNA clear. C．Laying the groundwork for mRNA vaccines. D．Developing a vaccine for cancer. 7．What lesson can we learn from Kariku’s success? A．Nothing seek, nothing find. B．Two heads are better than one. C．Necessity is the mother of invention. D．Where there’s a will, there’s a way. C Gilbert White made extensive observations of the natural world in the 1770s. Rather than study dead specimens, as many “naturalists” before him, White observed plants and animals in their natural settings, making him one of the early ecologists in Britain. Because of the time at which he lived, he was not fully aware of certain phenomena such as bird migration, although he suspected such things occurred. Through his writing, many biologists were given an insight into the perception of the natural world before technological advancements. As a keen observer of birds, he distinguished between different species based on their songs, without using telescopes. White’s observations included seasonal data, such as bud-burst and flowering of common plants, which he recorded in The Natural History and Antiquities of Selborne — a collection of letters to two great scientists of the time. This book has had more than 200 editions and is reputed to be — after the Bible, the works of Shakespeare and Pilgrim’s Progress — the fourth most published book in the English Language. It was published in 1789 and since then has never been out of print. The book contains 110 letters spanning 20 years. In a letter, dated May 20, 1777, White discussed earthworms, stating: “Earthworms, though in appearance a small and insignificant link in the chain of nature, yet if lost, would trigger major ecological imbalance.” He also highlighted their role as promoters of vegetation, noting their activities like making holes in the soil, creating pathways, and producing beneficial waste through wormcasts (蚯蚓粪). It is quite remarkable that here, from writings of nearly 250 years ago, White refers to many activities of earthworms that we, as scientists and gardeners, now take for granted and continue to investigate in greater detail. 8．What made Gilbert White different from previous naturalists? A．His approach to studying nature. B．His choice of observational tools. C．His attitude to preserving species. D．His focus on controlled environments. 9．Why are the Bible and the works of Shakespeare mentioned in paragraph 4? A．To compare their historical significance. B．To suggest their influence on White’s book. C．To highlight the popularity of White’s book. D．To illustrate the connections between classics. 10．What role do earthworms play in nature, according to Gilbert White? A．They improve soil health. B．They control insect populations. C．They’re too small to impact plants. D．They’re insignificant to ecosystems. 11．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．White could have investigated in greater detail. B．White’s work is great enough to be referenced. C．White linked his observations to practical uses. D．White’s insights are still new to scientists now. D Jane Goodall, a renowned British primatologist (灵长类动物学家), revolutionized our understanding of chimpanzees and their behavior through her groundbreaking work in Gombe Stream National Park, Tanzania. Her journey began in 1960 when she arrived in Gombe, initially feeling like an outsider among the chimpanzees. However, her persistence paid off when she encountered David Greybeard, a chimpanzee who trusted her and led her to a fact that no one had ever discovered — chimpanzees were capable of making and using tools. This finding challenged the common belief that only humans possessed rational thought and tool-making abilities. Goodall’s lack of formal university training initially worked in her favor, as her unprejudiced perspective allowed her to observe chimpanzees with fresh eyes. Her tutor, Louis Leakey, recognized her passion and patience, qualities that would define her career. Goodall’s observations revealed the complex social structures and emotional lives of chimpanzees, particularly through her relationship with Flo, a mother chimpanzee, and her family. Flo’s nurturing (养育的) behavior mirrored that of human mothers, deepening Goodall’s understanding of the similarities between humans and chimpanzees. Goodall’s work extended beyond research. She witnessed the darker side of chimpanzee behavior during the “Four Year War,” a violent conflict between rival chimpanzee groups. This experience led her to reflect on the deep-seated aggression in human nature, inherited from our primate ancestors. Despite many challenges, Goodall remained committed to conservation, establishing centers for orphaned chimpanzees, such as the one in Pointe-Noire, Republic of Congo. Goodall’s fame grew, and she became a symbol of scientific dedication. In 1977, she founded the Jane Goodall Institute (JGI) to support conservation efforts and community development programs, including Roots and Shoots, which empowers young people to engage in environmental protection. Goodall also advocates education for young African girls, providing scholarships and reproductive health education. Now in her 90s, Goodall continues to travel extensively, advocating for environmental protection and animal welfare. Her legacy is not only in her scientific contributions but also in her tireless efforts to inspire future generations to care for the planet and its inhabitants. Jane Goodall’s life and work remind us of the profound connections between humans and the natural world. 12．What was Jane Goodall’s groundbreaking discovery about chimpanzees? A．They could think rationally and make tools. B．They could communicate using sign language. C．They had profound connections with humans and nature. D．They could recognize themselves in mirrors. 13．What was the significance of Flo in Jane Goodall’s research? A．Flo was the first chimpanzee to trust Jane Goodall. B．Flo was the mother of a chimpanzee community. C．Flo demonstrated the emotional and social complexity of chimpanzees. D．Flo encouraged Goodall to observe chimpanzees from an unprejudiced perspective. 14．What can we learn from paragraph 3? A．Roots and Shoots provides medical care for endangered chimpanzees. B．Goodall set up centers for injured chimpanzees. C．Goodall promotes education for all young Africans. D．JGI offers assistance to community development. 15．Which of the following can best describe Jane Goodall? A．Persistent and devoted. B．Competitive and defensive. C．Flexible and sociable. D．Loyal and modest. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项 Yuan Longping is considered the “father of hybrid (杂交) rice”. 16 , which helped China feed nearly one-fifth of the world’s population with only about 7 percent of the world’s land suitable for growing crops. Shortly after a serious nationwide famine (饥荒) in the 1960s, Yuan decided to devote himself to studying how to increase the production of rice, a main food for over 60 percent of Chinese people. 17 . Yuan succeeded in developing the world’s first high-yielding (高产的) hybrid rice in 1973, 18 , rising from the previous only 300kg per mu. For the next four decades, he continued to work on research and development of hybrid rice, achieving increasingly higher output. 19 , the highest honor in the country, for his outstanding contribution to China’s food security (保障), agricultural scientific development and world food supply. In 2020, hybrid rice developed by Yuan’s team achieved 1,500 kilograms per mu in two growing seasons, a new world record. In June 2020, his team started to grow seawater rice on a farm at an altitude of 2,800 meters in northwest China’s Qinghai Province. Yuan once said he had two dreams. 20 . The other is that hybrid rice could be grown all over the world to help solve food shortages. A．Yuan said growing seawater rice is vital to China’s food security B．One is to enjoy the cool under the rice crops taller than men C．On September 29, 2019, Yuan was awarded the “Medal of the Republic” D．which could reach more than 500 kg per mu E．Yuan never held himself back from making new breakthroughs F．He then began a special lifelong connection with rice G．He devoted his life to the research and development of hybrid rice 第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项 William Thomson was born on 26 June, 1824 in Belfast. He was taught by his father, a professor of mathematics. In 1832, the family moved to Glasgow where Thomson attended university at the age of 10, then studied at Cambridge and Paris Universities. In 1846 he became professor of natural philosophy in Glasgow, a post he 21 for more than 50 years. In Glasgow, Thomson 22 the first physics laboratory in Britain. He was a pioneer in many different 23 , particularly electromagnetism (电磁学) and thermodynamics (热力学). 24 Faraday (法拉第), he was responsible for the introduction of the 25 of an electromagnetic field where Thomson developed the work of the 26 of the subject, Nicolas Carnot and James Joule. One of the most 27 results of his work was his idea of an absolute zero of temperature — the scale based on this is named 28 him. Throughout his work Thomson’s main goal was the practical use of science. He achieved 29 through his work on submarine telegraphy, a major practical problem of the day. He was 30 as a scientific adviser in the laying of the Atlantic telegraph cables in 1857-1858 and 1865-1866,for which he was knighted in 1866. His 31 in marine issues also inspired him to develop a mariners’ compass and 32 a tide machine and depth-measuring equipment. He invented many electrical instruments and his house in Glasgow was the first to be 33 by electric light. Thomson was raised to the noblemen with the 34 of Baron Kelvin of Largs in 1892. The Kelvin was a small river that flowed near Glasgow University and he was president of the royal Society from 1890 to 1895. He died on 17 December, 1907, in Ayrshire, Scotland and was 35 in Westminster Abbey. 21．A．sought B．convinced C．admired D．held 22．A．took up B．broke up C．set up D．blew up 23．A．fields B．countries C．labs D．colleges 24．A．In spite of B．Except for C．Together with D．Regardless of 25．A．command B．condition C．contract D．concept 26．A．learners B．pioneers C．competitors D．enemies 27．A．important B．domestic C．fortunate D．positive 28．A．for B．with C．after D．on 29．A．aspect B．fame C．contribution D．enthusiasm 30．A．considered B．attracted C．employed D．accused 31．A．hobby B．desire C．success D．interest 32．A．operate B．invent C．control D．produce 33．A．lit B．built C．decorated D．equipped 34．A．title B．name C．honor D．award 35．A．preserved B．respected C．admitted D．buried 第二节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分, 满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Huang Xuhua, called “Father of Nuclear Submarines,” 36 (pass) away in Feb. 2025, but his story continues to inspire the whole nation. Born in 1926 in Guangdong, he witnessed China’s struggles during foreign invasions, 37 shaped his determination to strengthen the country through science. When China launched its nuclear submarine program in the 1950s, Huang bravely took charge despite limited technology and resources. To ensure secrecy, he cut contact with his family for decades, 38 (devote) himself entirely to research. The team faced enormous challenges. Their most critical task was achieving underwater stability through 39 (repeat) trials. After two decades of efforts, China successfully tested its first nuclear submarine in the 1970s, becoming the fifth country 40 (master) this technology. Huang continued advancing submarine systems until his retirement. His 41 (remark) contributions earned him the Medal of the Republic in 2019. Huang’s life teaches us that true progress requires both 42 (wise) and perseverance. Young people should embrace his spirit taking social responsibilities, confronting difficulties 43 (courageous), and keeping national interests above personal needs. Only through such dedication can we ensure his pioneering spirit lives on, lighting China’s path 44 rejuvenation (复兴). Though Huang has left us, his story remains a perfect example of 45 individual commitment can create collective strength — a lesson that goes beyond time and technology 第三部分 写作（共两节, 满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46．在本册书中，我们认识并学习了像钱学森、屠呦呦等伟大的人，那么在你心中最崇敬的人是谁呢？请以 The Person I Admire Most为题写一篇作文。 内容包括： （1）人物基本信息；（2）你崇拜的原因。 要求包括： （1）词数不少于80词；（2）所写人物包括但不限于书本上的人物。 The Person I Admire Most ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节（满分25分） 47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Payback By the time I reached fourth grade, I was taller than every student in my school, and even my teacher, Margaret Liston. Unfortunately, even though I was tall, I was awkward and not very good at sports or school. I became the class clown, and not by choice. I struggled with math, spelling, and reading. Each afternoon Miss Liston finished the day by reading to the class for fifteen minutes. I was relieved to see the end of another day’s embarrassments and would lose myself in her voice and the story, usually a chapter book such as Danny, The Champion of the World. During those quiet minutes, I watched her read effortlessly, magically, as though she recognized every word, a talent I desired to be mine. If I could read with such ease, I could find my way to happier places and times. I don’t remember how she took me under her wing, but by the time I moved on to fifth grade I was reading at an eighth-grade level. My self-image and life path were changed forever. When asked, “What do you want to be when you grow up?” I had an absolutely certain response: “I want to read.” I had no idea that professional reader was not a workable career path. By my senior year of high school that goal had changed into becoming a journalist. During my senior year of college, I found a job as a newspaper reporter and discovered that while I had the diligence and desire to be a journalist, I had no talent to succeed. Five years of struggling to write one good sentence was enough. I quit writing. But I couldn’t quit eating or pay my rent with my good looks. I quickly found a job as an operating room orderly (护理员) at a local hospital. A friendly instructor took me aside one day and suggested that I consider becoming a registered nurse. At that time, male RNs were rare. It took another year for me to make the leap. I learned far more easily than most of my classmates. I could read, write term papers and patient care plans, and study with effortlessness and pleasure. 注意：(1)续写词数应为150左右； (2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 One spring evening during my first year as an emergency room nurse , an ambulance brought in an elderly woman. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Liston’s eyes widened, and a small smile appeared. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 1 People of Achievement单元测试·基础卷 （考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：120分） 注意事项： 1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。 3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Four Important Scientists in the World Ellen Swallow Richards (1842-1911) In 1868, the pioneering American engineer and chemist Ellen Swallow Richards became the first woman admitted to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where she earned a degree in chemistry. According to Cornell University, she is regarded as the founder of the field of home economics, which applied scientific principles to domestic life, and she is considered one of the first environmental engineers thanks to her groundbreaking research on water quality and sanitation (卫生). Hermann Minkowski (1864-1909) German mathematician Hermann Minkowski is most famous for developing a geometric interpretation of Einstein’s theory of special relativity. Among his other innovations, he proposed the idea of space-time, which combines the three physical dimensions of space with the fourth dimension of time into a unified mathematical framework. He also made important contributions to number theory and the geometry of numbers. Abdus Salam (1926-1996) Abdus Salam was a Pakistani theoretical physicist who contributed to the scientific understanding of fundamental forces. One of his key achievements was the theory of the electroweak force, which combined the electromagnetic (电磁的) force and the weak nuclear force — a step towards a unified theory of everything. With his colleagues, Salam was awarded the 1979 Nobel Prize in physics for this work. Jagadish Chandra Bose (1858-1937) Indian scientist Jagadish Chandra Bose is known for his contributions to the fields of physics, botany and biology. He invented an instrument called the crescograph, which can detect minute changes in plant tissues in response to changes in light, temperature and other factors. His experiments in this field challenged the common view of plants as passive things and showed they were sensitive to their environments. 1．Who is a pioneer in public health? A．Jagadish Chandra Bose. B．Ellen Swallow Richards. C．Hermann Minkowski. D．Abdus Salam. 2．What is special about Abdus Salam? A．He won the Nobel Prize in physics in 1979. B．He proposed the theory of four-dimensional space-time. C．He developed a geometric interpretation of Einstein’s theory. D．He made important contributions to number theory and geometry. 3．When was the scientist inventing the crescograph born? A．In 1842. B．In 1864. C．In 1858. D．In 1926. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍四位世界重要科学家的研究领域、成就及贡献。 1．细节理解题。根据Ellen Swallow Richards (1842-1911)部分中的“she is considered one of the first environmental engineers thanks to her groundbreaking research on water quality and sanitation (卫生). (由于她在水质和卫生方面的开创性研究，她被认为是首批环境工程师之一。)”可知，Ellen Swallow Richards在公共卫生领域有开拓性贡献，是公共卫生领域的先驱。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据Abdus Salam (1926-1996)部分中的“With his colleagues, Salam was awarded the 1979 Nobel Prize in physics for this work. (萨拉姆和他的同事因这项工作于1979年被授予诺贝尔物理学奖。)”可知，Abdus Salam的特别之处在于他获得了1979年诺贝尔物理学奖。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据Jagadish Chandra Bose (1858-1937)部分中的“He invented an instrument called the crescograph, which can detect minute changes in plant tissues in response to changes in light, temperature and other factors. (他发明了一种叫做生长记录器的仪器，它可以检测植物组织因光照、温度和其他因素变化而产生的细微变化。)”可知，发明植物生长记录仪的科学家出生于1858年。故选C项。 B Katalin Kariku along with her colleague Drew Weissman won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2023 for the development of mRNA technology. Kariku was born in January 1955, in a small village in Hungary. She had an ambition from early on to become a scientist. As a young adult, she became interested in messenger RNA, which carries DNA instructions to the protein-making engine of cells. She hoped that mRNA could play a key role in the treatment of various diseases. It became her mission to make her dream a reality to help cure patients. However, Kariku faced a shortage of funding for her research in her country, and she then faced the choice of stopping and doing something not connected to her mission or continuing her research at the price of having to leave her country. After searching for posts and scholarships worldwide, Kariku accepted an offer from Temple University in Philadelphia for a postdoctoral fellowship. Kariku and her husband gave up everything they had in their homeland and bought a one-way ticket to the U. S., where they knew, no one. She was initially on track to become a full professor but received repeated fund rejections. Undeterred by the problems and challenges, she chose to continue her research. By focusing on what mattered to her every day, she “accidentally” met her work partner Drew Weissman who was also interested in mRNA．They teamed up to work on mRNA and published papers about their groundbreaking discovery for years. Then the pandemic hit the world. The changed mRNA technology Kariku and Weissman invented was then used in vaccines (疫苗) that prevented the infection effectively. Kariku’s life is a testament (证明) to finding one’s passion and then pursuing it every single day. Many of us know what we are fond of, but we are not good self-motivators on a daily basis. 4．What can we learn about Kariku from paragraph 2? A．She had a tolerant mind. B．She had a clear sense of purpose. C．She was fond of world tours. D．She longed to be a doctor. 5．What does the underlined part “Undeterred by” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Not discouraged by. B．Being unaware of. C．Not motivated by. D．Being ashamed of. 6．What is probably the main contribution of Kariku? A．Simplifying the mRNA technology. B．Making the structure of mRNA clear. C．Laying the groundwork for mRNA vaccines. D．Developing a vaccine for cancer. 7．What lesson can we learn from Kariku’s success? A．Nothing seek, nothing find. B．Two heads are better than one. C．Necessity is the mother of invention. D．Where there’s a will, there’s a way. 【答案】4．B 5．A 6．C 7．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Katalin Kariku的科研历程与成就。 4．推理判断题。根据第二段“She had an ambition from early on to become a scientist. As a young adult, she became interested in messenger RNA, which carries DNA instructions to the protein-making engine of cells. She hoped that mRNA could play a key role in the treatment of various diseases. It became her mission to make her dream a reality to help cure patients. (她从小就立志要成为一名科学家。作为一个年轻的成年人，她开始对信使RNA感兴趣，它携带DNA指令到细胞的蛋白质制造引擎。她希望mRNA能够在各种疾病的治疗中发挥关键作用。帮助治愈病人成为了她的使命。)”可知她目标明确，知道自己想要做什么以及朝着什么方向努力。故选B。 5．词句猜测题。划线词上文“She was initially on track to become a full professor but received repeated fund rejections. (她最初有望成为一名正教授，但一再遭到基金拒绝。)”和下文“she chose to continue her research.(她选择继续她的研究。)”由此可推测“Undeterred by”表示她没有被这些问题和挑战所阻碍、气馁。故选A。 6．细节理解题。根据第四段“By focusing on what mattered to her every day, she “accidentally” met her work partner Drew Weissman who was also interested in mRNA. They teamed up to work on mRNA and published papers about their groundbreaking discovery for years. Then the pandemic hit the world. The changed mRNA technology Kariku and Weissman invented was then used in vaccines (疫苗) that prevented the infection effectively. (通过专注于每天对她重要的事情，她“偶然”遇到了她的工作伙伴德鲁·韦斯曼，他也对mRNA感兴趣。他们合作研究mRNA，并发表了多年关于这一突破性发现的论文。然后，大流行袭击了世界。Kariku和Weissman发明的改变后mRNA技术随后被用于有效预防感染的疫苗。)” 可知她的主要贡献是为mRNA疫苗奠定了基础。故选C。 7．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其最后一段“Kariku’s life is a testament (证明) to finding one’s passion and then pursuing it every single day. Many of us know what we are fond of, but we are not good self-motivators on a daily basis. (Kariku的一生证明了找到自己的激情，然后每一天都去追求它。我们中的许多人都知道自己喜欢什么，但在日常生活中，我们并不善于自我激励。)”可知Kariku在科研过程中面临资金短缺、多次被拒等问题，但她没有放弃，一直坚持追求自己的梦想，最终取得成功。所以D选项“Where there’s a will, there’s a way. (有志者，事竟成。)”体现了Kariku凭借坚定的意志克服困难取得成功的主旨。故选D。 C Gilbert White made extensive observations of the natural world in the 1770s. Rather than study dead specimens, as many “naturalists” before him, White observed plants and animals in their natural settings, making him one of the early ecologists in Britain. Because of the time at which he lived, he was not fully aware of certain phenomena such as bird migration, although he suspected such things occurred. Through his writing, many biologists were given an insight into the perception of the natural world before technological advancements. As a keen observer of birds, he distinguished between different species based on their songs, without using telescopes. White’s observations included seasonal data, such as bud-burst and flowering of common plants, which he recorded in The Natural History and Antiquities of Selborne — a collection of letters to two great scientists of the time. This book has had more than 200 editions and is reputed to be — after the Bible, the works of Shakespeare and Pilgrim’s Progress — the fourth most published book in the English Language. It was published in 1789 and since then has never been out of print. The book contains 110 letters spanning 20 years. In a letter, dated May 20, 1777, White discussed earthworms, stating: “Earthworms, though in appearance a small and insignificant link in the chain of nature, yet if lost, would trigger major ecological imbalance.” He also highlighted their role as promoters of vegetation, noting their activities like making holes in the soil, creating pathways, and producing beneficial waste through wormcasts (蚯蚓粪). It is quite remarkable that here, from writings of nearly 250 years ago, White refers to many activities of earthworms that we, as scientists and gardeners, now take for granted and continue to investigate in greater detail. 8．What made Gilbert White different from previous naturalists? A．His approach to studying nature. B．His choice of observational tools. C．His attitude to preserving species. D．His focus on controlled environments. 9．Why are the Bible and the works of Shakespeare mentioned in paragraph 4? A．To compare their historical significance. B．To suggest their influence on White’s book. C．To highlight the popularity of White’s book. D．To illustrate the connections between classics. 10．What role do earthworms play in nature, according to Gilbert White? A．They improve soil health. B．They control insect populations. C．They’re too small to impact plants. D．They’re insignificant to ecosystems. 11．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．White could have investigated in greater detail. B．White’s work is great enough to be referenced. C．White linked his observations to practical uses. D．White’s insights are still new to scientists now. 【答案】8．A 9．C 10．A 11．B 【导语】这是一篇人物传记类说明文。文章介绍了18世纪英国博物学家Gilbert White对自然世界的观察以及他的著作，展现了他对自然的独特见解和贡献。 8．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Rather than study dead specimens, as many “naturalists” before him, White observed plants and animals in their natural settings, making him one of the early ecologists in Britain. (怀特没有像他之前的许多“博物学家”那样研究死亡标本，而是在自然环境中观察植物和动物，这使他成为英国早期的生态学家之一。)”可知，Gilbert White研究自然的方式使他与之前的博物学家不同。故选A。 9．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“This book has had more than 200 editions and is reputed to be — after the Bible, the works of Shakespeare and Pilgrim’s Progress — the fourth most published book in the English Language. (这本书已经出版了200多个版本，被誉为仅次于《圣经》、莎士比亚和《天路历程》的英语第四大出版书籍。)”可知，文章提及《圣经》和莎士比亚作品是为了突出Gilbert White的书的受欢迎程度。故选C。 10．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“He also highlighted their role as promoters of vegetation, noting their activities like making holes in the soil, creating pathways, and producing beneficial waste through wormcasts (蚯蚓粪). (他还强调了它们作为植被促进者的作用，并指出了它们的活动，如在土壤中挖洞、创造通道和通过蚯蚓粪产生有益的废物。)”可知，Gilbert White认为蚯蚓通过在土壤中打洞、创造通道以及产生有益的蚯蚓粪等活动促进了植被生长，从而改善了土壤健康。故选A。 11．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“It is quite remarkable that here, from writings of nearly 250 years ago, White refers to many activities of earthworms that we, as scientists and gardeners, now take for granted and continue to investigate in greater detail. (值得注意的是，根据近250年前的著作，怀特在这里提到了蚯蚓的许多活动，我们作为科学家和园丁，现在认为这些活动是十分合理的，并继续进行更详细的研究。)”可知，Gilbert White近250年前的著作中提到的蚯蚓活动，现在科学家和园丁们仍然认为是十分合理的，并且继续深入研究，由此可推断出Gilbert White的作品具有很高的参考价值，对后世影响深远。故选B。 D Jane Goodall, a renowned British primatologist (灵长类动物学家), revolutionized our understanding of chimpanzees and their behavior through her groundbreaking work in Gombe Stream National Park, Tanzania. Her journey began in 1960 when she arrived in Gombe, initially feeling like an outsider among the chimpanzees. However, her persistence paid off when she encountered David Greybeard, a chimpanzee who trusted her and led her to a fact that no one had ever discovered — chimpanzees were capable of making and using tools. This finding challenged the common belief that only humans possessed rational thought and tool-making abilities. Goodall’s lack of formal university training initially worked in her favor, as her unprejudiced perspective allowed her to observe chimpanzees with fresh eyes. Her tutor, Louis Leakey, recognized her passion and patience, qualities that would define her career. Goodall’s observations revealed the complex social structures and emotional lives of chimpanzees, particularly through her relationship with Flo, a mother chimpanzee, and her family. Flo’s nurturing (养育的) behavior mirrored that of human mothers, deepening Goodall’s understanding of the similarities between humans and chimpanzees. Goodall’s work extended beyond research. She witnessed the darker side of chimpanzee behavior during the “Four Year War,” a violent conflict between rival chimpanzee groups. This experience led her to reflect on the deep-seated aggression in human nature, inherited from our primate ancestors. Despite many challenges, Goodall remained committed to conservation, establishing centers for orphaned chimpanzees, such as the one in Pointe-Noire, Republic of Congo. Goodall’s fame grew, and she became a symbol of scientific dedication. In 1977, she founded the Jane Goodall Institute (JGI) to support conservation efforts and community development programs, including Roots and Shoots, which empowers young people to engage in environmental protection. Goodall also advocates education for young African girls, providing scholarships and reproductive health education. Now in her 90s, Goodall continues to travel extensively, advocating for environmental protection and animal welfare. Her legacy is not only in her scientific contributions but also in her tireless efforts to inspire future generations to care for the planet and its inhabitants. Jane Goodall’s life and work remind us of the profound connections between humans and the natural world. 12．What was Jane Goodall’s groundbreaking discovery about chimpanzees? A．They could think rationally and make tools. B．They could communicate using sign language. C．They had profound connections with humans and nature. D．They could recognize themselves in mirrors. 13．What was the significance of Flo in Jane Goodall’s research? A．Flo was the first chimpanzee to trust Jane Goodall. B．Flo was the mother of a chimpanzee community. C．Flo demonstrated the emotional and social complexity of chimpanzees. D．Flo encouraged Goodall to observe chimpanzees from an unprejudiced perspective. 14．What can we learn from paragraph 3? A．Roots and Shoots provides medical care for endangered chimpanzees. B．Goodall set up centers for injured chimpanzees. C．Goodall promotes education for all young Africans. D．JGI offers assistance to community development. 15．Which of the following can best describe Jane Goodall? A．Persistent and devoted. B．Competitive and defensive. C．Flexible and sociable. D．Loyal and modest. 【答案】12．A 13．C 14．D 15．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。英国著名灵长类动物学家简・古道尔在坦桑尼亚贡贝溪国家公园的研究，颠覆了人们对黑猩猩的认知，她发现黑猩猩会制造和使用工具，揭示其复杂社会结构与情感生活。她还投身保护事业，成立机构、推动环保教育，如今高龄仍在为环保和动物福利奔走。 12．细节理解题。根据第一段“This finding challenged the common belief that only humans possessed rational thought and tool-making abilities.(这一发现挑战了只有人类拥有理性思维和制造工具能力的普遍信念)”可知，珍·古道尔关于黑猩猩的突破性发现是它们可以理性思考并制造工具。故选A。 13．细节理解题。根据第二段“Goodall’s observations revealed the complex social structures and emotional lives of chimpanzees, particularly through her relationship with Flo, a mother chimpanzee, and her family.(古道尔的观察揭示了黑猩猩复杂的社会结构和情感生活，特别是通过她与母黑猩猩弗洛及其家人的关系)”可知，弗洛对古道尔研究的重要性在于展示了黑猩猩情感和社会的复杂性。故选C。 14．细节理解题。根据第三段“In 1977, she founded the Jane Goodall Institute (JGI) to support conservation efforts and community development programs, including Roots and Shoots, which empowers young people to engage in environmental protection.(1977年，她创立了珍·古道尔研究所（JGI），以支持环保工作和社区发展项目，其中包括“根与芽”项目，该项目授权年轻人参与环境保护)”可知，JGI为社区发展提供援助。故选D。 15．推理判断题。第一段“However, her persistence paid off when she encountered David Greybeard, a chimpanzee who trusted her and led her to a fact that no one had ever discovered — chimpanzees were capable of making and using tools.(然而，当她遇到一只名叫大卫·格雷比尔德的黑猩猩时，她的坚持得到了回报。这只黑猩猩信任她，并引导她发现了一个从未有人发现的事实——黑猩猩能够制造和使用工具)”体现了古道尔的坚持；最后一段“Her legacy is not only in her scientific contributions but also in her tireless efforts to inspire future generations to care for the planet and its inhabitants.(她的遗产不仅在于她的科学贡献，还在于她为激励子孙后代关心地球及其居民所做的不懈努力)”体现了古道尔的奉献。因此，可用“坚持与奉献”来描述古道尔。故选A。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项 Yuan Longping is considered the “father of hybrid (杂交) rice”. 16 , which helped China feed nearly one-fifth of the world’s population with only about 7 percent of the world’s land suitable for growing crops. Shortly after a serious nationwide famine (饥荒) in the 1960s, Yuan decided to devote himself to studying how to increase the production of rice, a main food for over 60 percent of Chinese people. 17 . Yuan succeeded in developing the world’s first high-yielding (高产的) hybrid rice in 1973, 18 , rising from the previous only 300kg per mu. For the next four decades, he continued to work on research and development of hybrid rice, achieving increasingly higher output. 19 , the highest honor in the country, for his outstanding contribution to China’s food security (保障), agricultural scientific development and world food supply. In 2020, hybrid rice developed by Yuan’s team achieved 1,500 kilograms per mu in two growing seasons, a new world record. In June 2020, his team started to grow seawater rice on a farm at an altitude of 2,800 meters in northwest China’s Qinghai Province. Yuan once said he had two dreams. 20 . The other is that hybrid rice could be grown all over the world to help solve food shortages. A．Yuan said growing seawater rice is vital to China’s food security B．One is to enjoy the cool under the rice crops taller than men C．On September 29, 2019, Yuan was awarded the “Medal of the Republic” D．which could reach more than 500 kg per mu E．Yuan never held himself back from making new breakthroughs F．He then began a special lifelong connection with rice G．He devoted his life to the research and development of hybrid rice 【答案】16．G 17．F 18．D 19．C 20．B 【导语】本文是一篇人物传记，主要介绍了袁隆平被誉为“杂交水稻之父”，他毕生致力于杂交水稻的研究和开发，这种水稻帮助中国用占世界耕地面积约7%的耕地养活了世界近五分之一的人口。 16．上文“Yuan Longping is considered the “father of hybrid rice”.(袁隆平被誉为“杂交水稻之父”)”和下文“ which helped China feed nearly one-fifth of the world’s population with only about 7 percent of the world’s land suitable for growing crops.(这帮助中国用占世界耕地面积约7%的耕地养活了世界近五分之一的人口。)”说明袁隆平毕生致力于杂交水稻的研究和开发，这种水稻帮助中国用占世界耕地面积约7%的耕地养活了世界近五分之一的人口。G项“他毕生致力于杂交水稻的研究和开发。”符合语境。故选G。 17．上文“Shortly after a serious nationwide famine in the 1960s, Yuan decided to devote himself to studying how to increase the production of rice, a main food for over 60 percent of Chinese people. (在20世纪60年代一场全国性的严重饥荒爆发时，袁隆平决定致力于研究如何提高水稻的产量，水稻是60%以上中国人的主要食物。)”说明20世纪60年代一场全国性的严重饥荒爆发时，袁隆平决定致力于研究如何提高水稻的产量。F项“于是，他一生与水稻结下了缘。”符合语境，其中then起到衔接作用，承接上文。故选F。 18．上文“Yuan succeeded in developing the world’s first high-yielding hybrid rice in 1973(袁于1973年成功研制出世界上第一个高产杂交水稻)”和下文“rising from the previous only 300kg per mu(产量比之前的每亩300公斤要高)”说明以前的水稻产量每亩仅300千克，生产出高产杂交水稻后，水稻产量上升。D项“可以达到每亩500公斤以上”符合语境。故选D。 19．下文“the highest honor in the country(全国最高荣誉)”说明袁隆平被授予全国最高荣誉。C项“2019年9月29日，袁隆平被授予‘共和国勋章’”符合语境。故选C。 20．上文“Yuan once said he had two dreams.(袁曾经说过他有两个梦想。)”和下文“The other is that hybrid rice could be grown all over the world to help solve food shortages.(另一个是，杂交水稻可以在世界各地种植，以帮助解决粮食短缺问题。)”可推知，该空要写袁隆平的一个梦想。B项“一个梦想是在比人高的水稻下乘凉”符合语境。故选B。 第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项 William Thomson was born on 26 June, 1824 in Belfast. He was taught by his father, a professor of mathematics. In 1832, the family moved to Glasgow where Thomson attended university at the age of 10, then studied at Cambridge and Paris Universities. In 1846 he became professor of natural philosophy in Glasgow, a post he 21 for more than 50 years. In Glasgow, Thomson 22 the first physics laboratory in Britain. He was a pioneer in many different 23 , particularly electromagnetism (电磁学) and thermodynamics (热力学). 24 Faraday (法拉第), he was responsible for the introduction of the 25 of an electromagnetic field where Thomson developed the work of the 26 of the subject, Nicolas Carnot and James Joule. One of the most 27 results of his work was his idea of an absolute zero of temperature — the scale based on this is named 28 him. Throughout his work Thomson’s main goal was the practical use of science. He achieved 29 through his work on submarine telegraphy, a major practical problem of the day. He was 30 as a scientific adviser in the laying of the Atlantic telegraph cables in 1857-1858 and 1865-1866,for which he was knighted in 1866. His 31 in marine issues also inspired him to develop a mariners’ compass and 32 a tide machine and depth-measuring equipment. He invented many electrical instruments and his house in Glasgow was the first to be 33 by electric light. Thomson was raised to the noblemen with the 34 of Baron Kelvin of Largs in 1892. The Kelvin was a small river that flowed near Glasgow University and he was president of the royal Society from 1890 to 1895. He died on 17 December, 1907, in Ayrshire, Scotland and was 35 in Westminster Abbey. 21．A．sought B．convinced C．admired D．held 22．A．took up B．broke up C．set up D．blew up 23．A．fields B．countries C．labs D．colleges 24．A．In spite of B．Except for C．Together with D．Regardless of 25．A．command B．condition C．contract D．concept 26．A．learners B．pioneers C．competitors D．enemies 27．A．important B．domestic C．fortunate D．positive 28．A．for B．with C．after D．on 29．A．aspect B．fame C．contribution D．enthusiasm 30．A．considered B．attracted C．employed D．accused 31．A．hobby B．desire C．success D．interest 32．A．operate B．invent C．control D．produce 33．A．lit B．built C．decorated D．equipped 34．A．title B．name C．honor D．award 35．A．preserved B．respected C．admitted D．buried 【答案】 21．D 22．C 23．A 24．C 25．D 26．B 27．A 28．C 29．B 30．C 31．D 32．B 33．A 34．A 35．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了开尔文勋爵——威廉·汤姆森的生平及其在科学领域的贡献，包括他在电磁学、热力学等方面的开创性工作，以及他在实际应用科学中的成就。 21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：1846年，他成为格拉斯哥大学的自然哲学教授，这个职位他担任了50多年。A. sought寻求；B. convinced说服；C. admired钦佩；D. held担任。根据前文“In 1846 he became professor of natural philosophy in Glasgow”和后文“for more than 50 years”可知，汤姆森担任教授职位长达50多年。故选D项。 22．考查动词短语辨析。句意：在格拉斯哥，汤姆森建立了英国第一个物理实验室。A. took up开始从事；B. broke up分手；C. set up建立；D. blew up爆炸。根据后文“the first physics laboratory in Britain”可知，此处指汤姆森是“建立”了英国首个物理实验室。故选C项。 23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他是许多不同领域的先驱，特别是电磁学和热力学。A. fields领域；B. countries国家；C. labs实验室；D. colleges学院。根据后文“particularly electromagnetism and thermodynamics”可知，电磁学和热力学属于科学的不同领域。故选A项。 24．考查介词短语辨析。句意：他与法拉第共同促成了电磁场概念的引入，在此过程中，汤姆森拓展了该领域先驱尼古拉・卡诺和詹姆斯・焦耳的研究成果。A. In spite of尽管；B. Except for除了；C. Together with与……一起；D. Regardless of不管。根据后文“he was responsible for the introduction of the concept of an electromagnetic field”可知，汤姆森和法拉第共同推动了电磁场概念的引入，强调合作。故选C项。 25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他与法拉第共同促成了电磁场概念的引入，在此过程中，汤姆森拓展了该领域先驱尼古拉・卡诺和詹姆斯・焦耳的研究成果。A. command命令；B. condition条件；C. contract合同；D. concept概念。根据后文“of an electromagnetic field”可知，电磁场是一个科学概念。故选D项。 26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他与法拉第共同促成了电磁场概念的引入，在此过程中，汤姆森拓展了该领域先驱尼古拉・卡诺和詹姆斯・焦耳的研究成果。A. learners学习者；B. pioneers先驱；C. competitors竞争者；D. enemies敌人。根据后文“Nicolas Carnot and James Joule”可知，这些都是电磁学领域的先驱人物。故选B项。 27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的研究工作最重要的成果之一是提出了绝对零度的概念 —— 基于此概念制定的温标以他的名字命名。A. important重要的；B. domestic国内的；C. fortunate幸运的；D. positive积极的。根据后文“his idea of an absolute zero of temperature”可知，绝对零度的提出是科学史上“重要的”成果。故选A项。 28．考查介词词义辨析。句意：他的研究工作最重要的成果之一是提出了绝对零度的概念 —— 基于此概念制定的温标以他的名字命名。A. for为了；B. with和；C. after以……命名；D. on在……上。根据“One of the most 　　7　　 results of his work was his idea of an absolute zero of temperature — the scale based on this is named 　　8　　 him.”可知，温度单位是以汤姆森的名字命名的，固定搭配“named after”，表示“以……命名”。故选C项。 29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他因在海底电报领域的研究工作而成名，这在当时是一个重大的实际问题。A. aspect方面；B. fame名声；C. contribution贡献；D. enthusiasm热情。根据后文“He was 　　10　　 as a scientific adviser in the laying of the Atlantic telegraph cables in 1857-1858 and 1865-1866,for which he was knighted in 1866.”可知，汤姆森因贡献被封爵，说明他获得了名声。故选B项。 30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：1857-1858年和1865-1866年铺设大西洋电报电缆时，他被聘为科学顾问。A. considered考虑；B. attracted吸引；C. employed雇佣、聘请；D. accused指控。根据后文“as a scientific adviser”可知，汤姆森被聘为科学顾问。故选C项。 31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他对海洋问题的兴趣还促使他研制出一种航海罗盘，并发明了潮汐机和深度测量设备。A. hobby爱好；B. desire欲望；C. success成功；D. interest兴趣。根据后文“also inspired him to develop a mariners’ compass and 　　12　　 a tide machine and depth-measuring equipment.”可知，汤姆森对海洋问题的“兴趣”促使他发明航海设备。故选D项。 32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他对海洋问题的兴趣还促使他研制出一种航海罗盘，并发明了潮汐机和深度测量设备。A. operate操作；B. invent发明；C. control控制；D. produce生产。根据前文“develop a mariners’ compass”和后文“a tide machine and depth-measuring equipment”可知，这些都是他发明的设备。故选B项。 33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他发明了许多电子仪器，他在格拉斯哥的房子是第一所用电力照明的房子。A. lit照亮；B. built建造；C. decorated装饰；D. equipped装备。根据后文“by electric light”可知，房子被电灯照亮。故选A项。 34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：1892年，汤姆森被授予拉尔格斯开尔文男爵的头衔。A. title头衔；B. name名字；C. honor荣誉；D. award奖励。根据后文“Baron Kelvin of Largs”可知，这是授予的贵族头衔。故选A项。 35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他于1907年12月17日在苏格兰艾尔郡去世，被安葬在威斯敏斯特教堂。A. preserved保存；B. respected尊重；C. admitted承认；D. buried埋葬。根据后文“in Westminster Abbey”可知，汤姆森去世后被“安葬”在威斯敏斯特教堂，故选D项。 第二节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分, 满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Huang Xuhua, called “Father of Nuclear Submarines,” 36 (pass) away in Feb. 2025, but his story continues to inspire the whole nation. Born in 1926 in Guangdong, he witnessed China’s struggles during foreign invasions, 37 shaped his determination to strengthen the country through science. When China launched its nuclear submarine program in the 1950s, Huang bravely took charge despite limited technology and resources. To ensure secrecy, he cut contact with his family for decades, 38 (devote) himself entirely to research. The team faced enormous challenges. Their most critical task was achieving underwater stability through 39 (repeat) trials. After two decades of efforts, China successfully tested its first nuclear submarine in the 1970s, becoming the fifth country 40 (master) this technology. Huang continued advancing submarine systems until his retirement. His 41 (remark) contributions earned him the Medal of the Republic in 2019. Huang’s life teaches us that true progress requires both 42 (wise) and perseverance. Young people should embrace his spirit taking social responsibilities, confronting difficulties 43 (courageous), and keeping national interests above personal needs. Only through such dedication can we ensure his pioneering spirit lives on, lighting China’s path 44 rejuvenation (复兴). Though Huang has left us, his story remains a perfect example of 45 individual commitment can create collective strength — a lesson that goes beyond time and technology 【答案】 36．passed 37．which 38．devoting 39．repeated 40．to master 41．remarkable 42．wisdom 43．courageously 44．to/towards 45．how 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了被誉为“核潜艇之父”的黄旭华如何通过智慧与毅力，克服重重困难发展中国核潜艇技术，并激励年轻一代继承其精神。 36．考查动词时态。句意：被誉为“核潜艇之父”的黄旭华于2025年2月去世，但他的故事继续激励着全国人民。根据时间状语“in Feb. 2025”可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填passed。 37．考查定语从句。句意：1926年出生于广东的他，目睹了中国在外来侵略中的挣扎，这塑造了他通过科学强国决心。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整个句子，关系词在从句中作主语，应用which引导。故填which。 38．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了确保保密，他几十年来与家人断绝了联系，全身心投入研究。空处应用非谓语动词，he与devote之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作状语。故填devoting。 39．考查形容词。句意：他们最关键的任务是通过反复试验来实现水下稳定性。根据空后trials可知，空处应用形容词repeated作定语，表示“反复的”，修饰名词trials。故填repeated。 40．考查非谓语动词。句意：经过二十年的努力，中国在20世纪70年代成功测试了第一艘核潜艇，成为第五个掌握这项技术的国家。当名词前有序数词修饰时，其后用动词不定式作定语，根据空前the fifth country可知，空处应用不定式作后置定语，修饰名词country。故填to master。 41．考查形容词。句意：他的杰出贡献使他在2019年获得了共和国勋章。空处修饰名词contributions，应用形容词remarkable作定语，表示“卓越的，非凡的”。故填remarkable。 42．考查名词。句意：黄旭华的一生告诉我们，真正的进步需要智慧和毅力。根据空后and perseverance可知，空处应用名词wisdom与perseverance并列，作requires的宾语，wisdom为不可数名词。故填wisdom。 43．考查副词。句意：年轻人应该发扬他的精神，承担社会责任，勇敢面对困难，把国家利益置于个人需求之上。根据空前confronting difficulties可知，空处应用副词courageously“勇敢地”作状语，修饰动词confronting。故填courageously。 44．考查介词。句意：只有通过这样的奉献，我们才能确保他的开拓精神永存，照亮中国的复兴之路。根据空前lighting China’s path可知，空处应用介词to或towards，path to/towards sth.表示“通往……的道路”。故填to/towards。 45．考查宾语从句。句意：虽然黄旭华已经离开了我们，但他的故事仍然是一个完美的例子，说明个人的承诺如何能够创造集体的力量——这是一堂超越时间和技术的课程。空处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少方式状语，表示“如何”，应用how引导。故填how。 第三部分 写作（共两节, 满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46．在本册书中，我们认识并学习了像钱学森、屠呦呦等伟大的人，那么在你心中最崇敬的人是谁呢？请以 The Person I Admire Most为题写一篇作文。 内容包括： （1）人物基本信息；（2）你崇拜的原因。 要求包括： （1）词数不少于80词；（2）所写人物包括但不限于书本上的人物。 The Person I Admire Most ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】范文示例： The Person I Admire Most -Yuan Longping Since the 1980s, Yuan and his team have trained more than 14,000 hybrid rice technicians for nearly 80 developing countries by running international hybrid rice training classes. At present, more than 40 countries and regions have realized large-scale cultivation of hybrid rice, with the annual planting area reaching 7 million hectares, an increase of more than 20 percent compared with ordinary rice. In addition to his dream of covering the world with hybrid rice, he also has a dream of “enjoying the cool under the grass”. He dreamed of super hybrid rice growing taller than sorghum in his experimental field, with heads the size of sorghum and kernels the size of peanuts, where he and his assistant sat under a cascade of spikes to cool off. Now rice yields can be as high as 18 tons per hectare. When asked how high he hoped the rice would yield, Yuan said, “There is no end to this. There is no ceiling.” 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生以The Person I Admire Most为题写一篇作文。 【详解】1.词汇积累 目前：at present→currently 实现：realize →achieve 能够：can→be able to 希望：hope→wish 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：In addition to his dream of covering the world with hybrid rice, he also has a dream of “enjoying the cool under the grass”. 拓展句：In addition to his dream of covering the world with hybrid rice, he also has a dream that he can “enjoying the cool under the grass”. 【点睛】【高分句型1】At present, more than 40 countries and regions have realized large-scale cultivation of hybrid rice, with the annual planting area reaching 7 million hectares, an increase of more than 20 percent compared with ordinary rice.（运用了with的复合结构） 【高分句型2】He dreamed of super hybrid rice growing taller than sorghum in his experimental field, with heads the size of sorghum and kernels the size of peanuts, where he and his assistant sat under a cascade of spikes to cool off. （运用了where引导的非限制性定语从句） 第二节（满分25分） 47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Payback By the time I reached fourth grade, I was taller than every student in my school, and even my teacher, Margaret Liston. Unfortunately, even though I was tall, I was awkward and not very good at sports or school. I became the class clown, and not by choice. I struggled with math, spelling, and reading. Each afternoon Miss Liston finished the day by reading to the class for fifteen minutes. I was relieved to see the end of another day’s embarrassments and would lose myself in her voice and the story, usually a chapter book such as Danny, The Champion of the World. During those quiet minutes, I watched her read effortlessly, magically, as though she recognized every word, a talent I desired to be mine. If I could read with such ease, I could find my way to happier places and times. I don’t remember how she took me under her wing, but by the time I moved on to fifth grade I was reading at an eighth-grade level. My self-image and life path were changed forever. When asked, “What do you want to be when you grow up?” I had an absolutely certain response: “I want to read.” I had no idea that professional reader was not a workable career path. By my senior year of high school that goal had changed into becoming a journalist. During my senior year of college, I found a job as a newspaper reporter and discovered that while I had the diligence and desire to be a journalist, I had no talent to succeed. Five years of struggling to write one good sentence was enough. I quit writing. But I couldn’t quit eating or pay my rent with my good looks. I quickly found a job as an operating room orderly (护理员) at a local hospital. A friendly instructor took me aside one day and suggested that I consider becoming a registered nurse. At that time, male RNs were rare. It took another year for me to make the leap. I learned far more easily than most of my classmates. I could read, write term papers and patient care plans, and study with effortlessness and pleasure. 注意：(1)续写词数应为150左右； (2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 One spring evening during my first year as an emergency room nurse , an ambulance brought in an elderly woman. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Liston’s eyes widened, and a small smile appeared. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】    One spring evening during my first year as an emergency room nurse, an ambulance brought in an elderly woman. She looked weak and pale, her hands shaking slightly as she held a small handbag. When I looked at her chart, my heart skipped a beat. Her name was Margaret Liston. I leaned closer and gently said, “Miss Liston?” She turned her head, her eyes searching my face. For a moment she said nothing, then asked softly, “Do I know you?” I smiled. “You were my fourth-grade teacher. You taught me how to love reading.”     Liston’s eyes widened, and a small smile appeared. “You were the tall boy in the back, always listening closely during story time.” I nodded, suddenly filled with emotion. “You helped me through my hardest school years.” Miss Liston was admitted to a room that night. Over the next few days, I visited her whenever I could. I brought books — some old favorites, including Danny, the Champion of the World. I read to her every evening, just like she once read to me. She helped me through my difficult childhood. Now, it was my turn to help her through this hard time in her life — with stories, care, and gratitude. 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者上小学时学习不好，每天下午放学时Liston小姐都会给全班读15分钟的书，在她的影响下作者爱上了阅读，后来在作者决定成为一名注册护士时，他可以阅读、撰写学期论文和病人护理计划，轻松愉快地学习。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“在我做急诊室护士的第一年，一个春天的晚上，救护车送来了一位老妇人。”可知，第一段可描写作者认出这位病人就是自己小学时的老师。 ②由第二段首句内容“Liston睁大了眼睛，露出一丝微笑。”可知，第二段可描写Liston认出了作者，后来作者去探望她，也给她读书帮助她度过这段艰难的时间。 2.续写线索：认出Liston小姐——交谈相认——看望——给Liston小姐读书——感悟 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①颤抖：shake/tremble ②帮助：help/assist ③看望：visit/pay a visit to 情绪类 ①激动：be filled with emotion/be overwhelmed with emotion ②感激：gratitude/appreciation 【点睛】[高分句型1] She looked weak and pale, her hands shaking slightly as she held a small handbag.（由连词as引导的时间状语从句） [高分句型2] She turned her head, her eyes searching my face.（由“名词+现在分词”构成的独立主格结构） 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… 此卷只装订不密封 ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… … 学校：______________姓名：_____________班级：_______________考号：______________________ Unit 1 People of Achievement单元测试·基础卷 （考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：120分） 注意事项： 1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。 3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Four Important Scientists in the World Ellen Swallow Richards (1842-1911) In 1868, the pioneering American engineer and chemist Ellen Swallow Richards became the first woman admitted to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where she earned a degree in chemistry. According to Cornell University, she is regarded as the founder of the field of home economics, which applied scientific principles to domestic life, and she is considered one of the first environmental engineers thanks to her groundbreaking research on water quality and sanitation (卫生). Hermann Minkowski (1864-1909) German mathematician Hermann Minkowski is most famous for developing a geometric interpretation of Einstein’s theory of special relativity. Among his other innovations, he proposed the idea of space-time, which combines the three physical dimensions of space with the fourth dimension of time into a unified mathematical framework. He also made important contributions to number theory and the geometry of numbers. Abdus Salam (1926-1996) Abdus Salam was a Pakistani theoretical physicist who contributed to the scientific understanding of fundamental forces. One of his key achievements was the theory of the electroweak force, which combined the electromagnetic (电磁的) force and the weak nuclear force — a step towards a unified theory of everything. With his colleagues, Salam was awarded the 1979 Nobel Prize in physics for this work. Jagadish Chandra Bose (1858-1937) Indian scientist Jagadish Chandra Bose is known for his contributions to the fields of physics, botany and biology. He invented an instrument called the crescograph, which can detect minute changes in plant tissues in response to changes in light, temperature and other factors. His experiments in this field challenged the common view of plants as passive things and showed they were sensitive to their environments. 1．Who is a pioneer in public health? A．Jagadish Chandra Bose. B．Ellen Swallow Richards. C．Hermann Minkowski. D．Abdus Salam. 2．What is special about Abdus Salam? A．He won the Nobel Prize in physics in 1979. B．He proposed the theory of four-dimensional space-time. C．He developed a geometric interpretation of Einstein’s theory. D．He made important contributions to number theory and geometry. 3．When was the scientist inventing the crescograph born? A．In 1842. B．In 1864. C．In 1858. D．In 1926. B Katalin Kariku along with her colleague Drew Weissman won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2023 for the development of mRNA technology. Kariku was born in January 1955, in a small village in Hungary. She had an ambition from early on to become a scientist. As a young adult, she became interested in messenger RNA, which carries DNA instructions to the protein-making engine of cells. She hoped that mRNA could play a key role in the treatment of various diseases. It became her mission to make her dream a reality to help cure patients. However, Kariku faced a shortage of funding for her research in her country, and she then faced the choice of stopping and doing something not connected to her mission or continuing her research at the price of having to leave her country. After searching for posts and scholarships worldwide, Kariku accepted an offer from Temple University in Philadelphia for a postdoctoral fellowship. Kariku and her husband gave up everything they had in their homeland and bought a one-way ticket to the U. S., where they knew, no one. She was initially on track to become a full professor but received repeated fund rejections. Undeterred by the problems and challenges, she chose to continue her research. By focusing on what mattered to her every day, she “accidentally” met her work partner Drew Weissman who was also interested in mRNA．They teamed up to work on mRNA and published papers about their groundbreaking discovery for years. Then the pandemic hit the world. The changed mRNA technology Kariku and Weissman invented was then used in vaccines (疫苗) that prevented the infection effectively. Kariku’s life is a testament (证明) to finding one’s passion and then pursuing it every single day. Many of us know what we are fond of, but we are not good self-motivators on a daily basis. 4．What can we learn about Kariku from paragraph 2? A．She had a tolerant mind. B．She had a clear sense of purpose. C．She was fond of world tours. D．She longed to be a doctor. 5．What does the underlined part “Undeterred by” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Not discouraged by. B．Being unaware of. C．Not motivated by. D．Being ashamed of. 6．What is probably the main contribution of Kariku? A．Simplifying the mRNA technology. B．Making the structure of mRNA clear. C．Laying the groundwork for mRNA vaccines. D．Developing a vaccine for cancer. 7．What lesson can we learn from Kariku’s success? A．Nothing seek, nothing find. B．Two heads are better than one. C．Necessity is the mother of invention. D．Where there’s a will, there’s a way. C Gilbert White made extensive observations of the natural world in the 1770s. Rather than study dead specimens, as many “naturalists” before him, White observed plants and animals in their natural settings, making him one of the early ecologists in Britain. Because of the time at which he lived, he was not fully aware of certain phenomena such as bird migration, although he suspected such things occurred. Through his writing, many biologists were given an insight into the perception of the natural world before technological advancements. As a keen observer of birds, he distinguished between different species based on their songs, without using telescopes. White’s observations included seasonal data, such as bud-burst and flowering of common plants, which he recorded in The Natural History and Antiquities of Selborne — a collection of letters to two great scientists of the time. This book has had more than 200 editions and is reputed to be — after the Bible, the works of Shakespeare and Pilgrim’s Progress — the fourth most published book in the English Language. It was published in 1789 and since then has never been out of print. The book contains 110 letters spanning 20 years. In a letter, dated May 20, 1777, White discussed earthworms, stating: “Earthworms, though in appearance a small and insignificant link in the chain of nature, yet if lost, would trigger major ecological imbalance.” He also highlighted their role as promoters of vegetation, noting their activities like making holes in the soil, creating pathways, and producing beneficial waste through wormcasts (蚯蚓粪). It is quite remarkable that here, from writings of nearly 250 years ago, White refers to many activities of earthworms that we, as scientists and gardeners, now take for granted and continue to investigate in greater detail. 8．What made Gilbert White different from previous naturalists? A．His approach to studying nature. B．His choice of observational tools. C．His attitude to preserving species. D．His focus on controlled environments. 9．Why are the Bible and the works of Shakespeare mentioned in paragraph 4? A．To compare their historical significance. B．To suggest their influence on White’s book. C．To highlight the popularity of White’s book. D．To illustrate the connections between classics. 10．What role do earthworms play in nature, according to Gilbert White? A．They improve soil health. B．They control insect populations. C．They’re too small to impact plants. D．They’re insignificant to ecosystems. 11．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．White could have investigated in greater detail. B．White’s work is great enough to be referenced. C．White linked his observations to practical uses. D．White’s insights are still new to scientists now. D Jane Goodall, a renowned British primatologist (灵长类动物学家), revolutionized our understanding of chimpanzees and their behavior through her groundbreaking work in Gombe Stream National Park, Tanzania. Her journey began in 1960 when she arrived in Gombe, initially feeling like an outsider among the chimpanzees. However, her persistence paid off when she encountered David Greybeard, a chimpanzee who trusted her and led her to a fact that no one had ever discovered — chimpanzees were capable of making and using tools. This finding challenged the common belief that only humans possessed rational thought and tool-making abilities. Goodall’s lack of formal university training initially worked in her favor, as her unprejudiced perspective allowed her to observe chimpanzees with fresh eyes. Her tutor, Louis Leakey, recognized her passion and patience, qualities that would define her career. Goodall’s observations revealed the complex social structures and emotional lives of chimpanzees, particularly through her relationship with Flo, a mother chimpanzee, and her family. Flo’s nurturing (养育的) behavior mirrored that of human mothers, deepening Goodall’s understanding of the similarities between humans and chimpanzees. Goodall’s work extended beyond research. She witnessed the darker side of chimpanzee behavior during the “Four Year War,” a violent conflict between rival chimpanzee groups. This experience led her to reflect on the deep-seated aggression in human nature, inherited from our primate ancestors. Despite many challenges, Goodall remained committed to conservation, establishing centers for orphaned chimpanzees, such as the one in Pointe-Noire, Republic of Congo. Goodall’s fame grew, and she became a symbol of scientific dedication. In 1977, she founded the Jane Goodall Institute (JGI) to support conservation efforts and community development programs, including Roots and Shoots, which empowers young people to engage in environmental protection. Goodall also advocates education for young African girls, providing scholarships and reproductive health education. Now in her 90s, Goodall continues to travel extensively, advocating for environmental protection and animal welfare. Her legacy is not only in her scientific contributions but also in her tireless efforts to inspire future generations to care for the planet and its inhabitants. Jane Goodall’s life and work remind us of the profound connections between humans and the natural world. 12．What was Jane Goodall’s groundbreaking discovery about chimpanzees? A．They could think rationally and make tools. B．They could communicate using sign language. C．They had profound connections with humans and nature. D．They could recognize themselves in mirrors. 13．What was the significance of Flo in Jane Goodall’s research? A．Flo was the first chimpanzee to trust Jane Goodall. B．Flo was the mother of a chimpanzee community. C．Flo demonstrated the emotional and social complexity of chimpanzees. D．Flo encouraged Goodall to observe chimpanzees from an unprejudiced perspective. 14．What can we learn from paragraph 3? A．Roots and Shoots provides medical care for endangered chimpanzees. B．Goodall set up centers for injured chimpanzees. C．Goodall promotes education for all young Africans. D．JGI offers assistance to community development. 15．Which of the following can best describe Jane Goodall? A．Persistent and devoted. B．Competitive and defensive. C．Flexible and sociable. D．Loyal and modest. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项 Yuan Longping is considered the “father of hybrid (杂交) rice”. 16 , which helped China feed nearly one-fifth of the world’s population with only about 7 percent of the world’s land suitable for growing crops. Shortly after a serious nationwide famine (饥荒) in the 1960s, Yuan decided to devote himself to studying how to increase the production of rice, a main food for over 60 percent of Chinese people. 17 . Yuan succeeded in developing the world’s first high-yielding (高产的) hybrid rice in 1973, 18 , rising from the previous only 300kg per mu. For the next four decades, he continued to work on research and development of hybrid rice, achieving increasingly higher output. 19 , the highest honor in the country, for his outstanding contribution to China’s food security (保障), agricultural scientific development and world food supply. In 2020, hybrid rice developed by Yuan’s team achieved 1,500 kilograms per mu in two growing seasons, a new world record. In June 2020, his team started to grow seawater rice on a farm at an altitude of 2,800 meters in northwest China’s Qinghai Province. Yuan once said he had two dreams. 20 . The other is that hybrid rice could be grown all over the world to help solve food shortages. A．Yuan said growing seawater rice is vital to China’s food security B．One is to enjoy the cool under the rice crops taller than men C．On September 29, 2019, Yuan was awarded the “Medal of the Republic” D．which could reach more than 500 kg per mu E．Yuan never held himself back from making new breakthroughs F．He then began a special lifelong connection with rice G．He devoted his life to the research and development of hybrid rice 第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项 William Thomson was born on 26 June, 1824 in Belfast. He was taught by his father, a professor of mathematics. In 1832, the family moved to Glasgow where Thomson attended university at the age of 10, then studied at Cambridge and Paris Universities. In 1846 he became professor of natural philosophy in Glasgow, a post he 21 for more than 50 years. In Glasgow, Thomson 22 the first physics laboratory in Britain. He was a pioneer in many different 23 , particularly electromagnetism (电磁学) and thermodynamics (热力学). 24 Faraday (法拉第), he was responsible for the introduction of the 25 of an electromagnetic field where Thomson developed the work of the 26 of the subject, Nicolas Carnot and James Joule. One of the most 27 results of his work was his idea of an absolute zero of temperature — the scale based on this is named 28 him. Throughout his work Thomson’s main goal was the practical use of science. He achieved 29 through his work on submarine telegraphy, a major practical problem of the day. He was 30 as a scientific adviser in the laying of the Atlantic telegraph cables in 1857-1858 and 1865-1866,for which he was knighted in 1866. His 31 in marine issues also inspired him to develop a mariners’ compass and 32 a tide machine and depth-measuring equipment. He invented many electrical instruments and his house in Glasgow was the first to be 33 by electric light. Thomson was raised to the noblemen with the 34 of Baron Kelvin of Largs in 1892. The Kelvin was a small river that flowed near Glasgow University and he was president of the royal Society from 1890 to 1895. He died on 17 December, 1907, in Ayrshire, Scotland and was 35 in Westminster Abbey. 21．A．sought B．convinced C．admired D．held 22．A．took up B．broke up C．set up D．blew up 23．A．fields B．countries C．labs D．colleges 24．A．In spite of B．Except for C．Together with D．Regardless of 25．A．command B．condition C．contract D．concept 26．A．learners B．pioneers C．competitors D．enemies 27．A．important B．domestic C．fortunate D．positive 28．A．for B．with C．after D．on 29．A．aspect B．fame C．contribution D．enthusiasm 30．A．considered B．attracted C．employed D．accused 31．A．hobby B．desire C．success D．interest 32．A．operate B．invent C．control D．produce 33．A．lit B．built C．decorated D．equipped 34．A．title B．name C．honor D．award 35．A．preserved B．respected C．admitted D．buried 第二节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分, 满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Huang Xuhua, called “Father of Nuclear Submarines,” 36 (pass) away in Feb. 2025, but his story continues to inspire the whole nation. Born in 1926 in Guangdong, he witnessed China’s struggles during foreign invasions, 37 shaped his determination to strengthen the country through science. When China launched its nuclear submarine program in the 1950s, Huang bravely took charge despite limited technology and resources. To ensure secrecy, he cut contact with his family for decades, 38 (devote) himself entirely to research. The team faced enormous challenges. Their most critical task was achieving underwater stability through 39 (repeat) trials. After two decades of efforts, China successfully tested its first nuclear submarine in the 1970s, becoming the fifth country 40 (master) this technology. Huang continued advancing submarine systems until his retirement. His 41 (remark) contributions earned him the Medal of the Republic in 2019. Huang’s life teaches us that true progress requires both 42 (wise) and perseverance. Young people should embrace his spirit taking social responsibilities, confronting difficulties 43 (courageous), and keeping national interests above personal needs. Only through such dedication can we ensure his pioneering spirit lives on, lighting China’s path 44 rejuvenation (复兴). Though Huang has left us, his story remains a perfect example of 45 individual commitment can create collective strength — a lesson that goes beyond time and technology 第三部分 写作（共两节, 满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46．在本册书中，我们认识并学习了像钱学森、屠呦呦等伟大的人，那么在你心中最崇敬的人是谁呢？请以 The Person I Admire Most为题写一篇作文。 内容包括： （1）人物基本信息；（2）你崇拜的原因。 要求包括： （1）词数不少于80词；（2）所写人物包括但不限于书本上的人物。 The Person I Admire Most ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节（满分25分） 47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Payback By the time I reached fourth grade, I was taller than every student in my school, and even my teacher, Margaret Liston. Unfortunately, even though I was tall, I was awkward and not very good at sports or school. I became the class clown, and not by choice. I struggled with math, spelling, and reading. Each afternoon Miss Liston finished the day by reading to the class for fifteen minutes. I was relieved to see the end of another day’s embarrassments and would lose myself in her voice and the story, usually a chapter book such as Danny, The Champion of the World. During those quiet minutes, I watched her read effortlessly, magically, as though she recognized every word, a talent I desired to be mine. If I could read with such ease, I could find my way to happier places and times. I don’t remember how she took me under her wing, but by the time I moved on to fifth grade I was reading at an eighth-grade level. My self-image and life path were changed forever. When asked, “What do you want to be when you grow up?” I had an absolutely certain response: “I want to read.” I had no idea that professional reader was not a workable career path. By my senior year of high school that goal had changed into becoming a journalist. During my senior year of college, I found a job as a newspaper reporter and discovered that while I had the diligence and desire to be a journalist, I had no talent to succeed. Five years of struggling to write one good sentence was enough. I quit writing. But I couldn’t quit eating or pay my rent with my good looks. I quickly found a job as an operating room orderly (护理员) at a local hospital. A friendly instructor took me aside one day and suggested that I consider becoming a registered nurse. At that time, male RNs were rare. It took another year for me to make the leap. I learned far more easily than most of my classmates. I could read, write term papers and patient care plans, and study with effortlessness and pleasure. 注意：(1)续写词数应为150左右； (2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 One spring evening during my first year as an emergency room nurse , an ambulance brought in an elderly woman. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Liston’s eyes widened, and a small smile appeared. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试题 第3页（共8页） 试题 第4页（共8页） 试题 第1页（共8页） 试题 第2页（共8页） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$