精品解析：湖南省长沙市岳麓区湖南师范大学附属中学2024-2025学年高一下学期6月期末英语试题

湖南师大附中2024—2025学年度高一第二学期期末考试 英语 时量：120分钟 满分：150分 第一部分 听力 (共两节，满分30分) 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节 (共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例：How much is the shirt? A. £19.15. B. £9.18. C. £9.15. 答案是C。 1. What arc the speakers mainly talking about? A. Traffic accidents. B. Flying ambulances. C. Science fiction movies. 2. Why does the woman ask the man to go to the Internet Cafe? A. He can finish his design there. B. She wants to have coffee with him. C. He can have his computer repair there. 3. What is the man doing? A. Doing homework. B. Playing computer games. C. Deleting emails. 4. What gift will the woman get from the man? A. A mobile phone. B. A coat. C. A dictionary. 5. What do the speakers think about the latest phones? A. They lack advanced features. B. They are too big to fit in the pocket. C. The camera systems are amazing. 第二节 (共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独自前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第六段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. Where did the man learn about the new planet? A. From TV news. B. From the newspaper. C. From the website. 7. How did scientists find the new planet? A. By researching into the star’s light. B. By building a universe model. C. By analyzing the star’s life. 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。 8. What do the speakers think of taikonauts’ (宇航员) mission? A. Heroic yet lonely. B. Honorable yet risky. C. Expensive yet important. 9. What alternative to space travel is suggested in the conversation? A. Making spacecraft safer. B. Training more astronauts. C. Using robots for observations. 10. What docs the woman insist on about space exploration? A. Having manned space travel. B. Modernizing spaceships. C. Investing in space exploration. 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。 11. What skills docs the woman want to develop? A. Writing skills. B. Drawing skills. C. Marketing skills. 12. What is the man’s attitude to getting information online? A. Positive. B. Indifferent. C. Negative. 13. Why are the woman’s colleagues mentioned in the end? A. The man knows them well. B. The woman will turn to them. C. The woman doesn’t get along with them. 听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。 14. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. In the school. B. In the company. C. At home. 15. What are Al ethics (伦理) about according to the speakers? A. Teaching AI to collect people’s data. B. Making sure AI can help with human jobs. C. Using Al in a correct and responsible way. 16. What is the key to building AI ethics according to the woman? A Education. B. Technology. C. Responsibility. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17. What is the problem with the first generation of solar panels (电池板)? A. They are too expensive to replace. B. They do not reflect sunshine anymore. C. They end up being wasted. 18. What is the main goal of We Recycle Solar? A. To resettle and remove old solar panels. B. To collect and recycle old solar panels. C. To repackage and replace old solar panels. 19. What is the possible way to deal with the repaired panels? A. By selling them to other countries. B. By melting them down for recycling. C. By changing them into new energy sources. 20. What is the purpose of Adam Saghei’s statements according to the speaker? A. To demonstrate the economic value of reusing materials. B. To emphasize the necessity of solar panel recycling. C. To introduce the new recycling technologies of his company. 第二部分 阅读 (共两节，满分50分) 第一节 (共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Castle in the Clouds is currently offering the newest field trip package priced at $10 per student, with help from the Castle Teacher Advisory Group who assess the activity every week. With this field trip, our Education Team will work with you for a visit which best matches your curriculum (课程) and addresses the specific demands of your students. Use the chart below to build your field trip! Start by Choosing One Guided Tour Include a Lucknow Highlights tour facilitated by our Education Team Include a worksheet to use during the tour Pre-visit and post-visit activities A 60-minute tour plus 30 minutes for travelling to and from the Castle on the streetcar Students must be divided into groups of 8 1 guardian for every 10 students is free Timing is based on 24 students. the maximum number of students the Castle can accommodate at a time. Self-Guided Tour Include workbooks for students, a streetcar ride, and pre-visit and post-visit activities Able to tour at your own pace, interact with museum interpreters, and read Explore More Cards We recommend 60 minutes for your tour and 30 minutes for travelling to and from the Castle on the streetcar Students must be divided into groups of 5 1 guardian for every 5 students is free Want More? Add on a Castle Experience, $5 per student ＊Please book your add-on experience at least one month in advance. Hike Landscape History Nature & Ecology Garden Tour Hike & Write Art If interested, please fill out the Field Trip Request Form! 1. Who is the passage intended for? A. School teachers. B. Parents. C. Tour guides. D. Castle managers. 2. What makes Guided Tour different from Self-Guided Tour? A. Package price. B. Provided supplies. C. Scheduled activities. D. Group size. 3. Which combination suits a nature lover preferring a flexible pace? A. Self-Guided Tour+add-on Art. B. Guided Tour+add-on Garden Tour. C. Self-Guided Tour I add-on Hike. D. Guided Tour+add-on Hike & Write. 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了Castle in the Clouds提供最新校外考察套餐，包括两种参观方式（导游带领和自助参观），还有可选的附加活动。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“With this field trip, our Education Team will work with you for a visit which best matches your curriculum (课程) and addresses the specific demands of your students.( 通过这次实地考察，我们的教育团队将与您一起进行最符合您的课程并满足您学生的具体需求的访问。)”可知，这里的“you”以及课程、“addresses the specific demands of your students(针对你的学生的具体需求)”等表述表明这篇文章是针对学校老师的，因为老师负责课程安排和学生的教育活动相关事宜。由此可知，这篇文章是写给学校教师的。故选A项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据表格Guided Tour一栏中“Students must be divided into groups of 8(学生必须分成每组8人)”以及Self-Guided Tour一栏中“Students must be divided into groups of 5(学生必须分成每组 5 人)”。可知，导游带领的参观和自助参观两者的分组规模不同。故选D项。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据Self-Guided Tour部分的“Able to tour at your own pace(能够按照自己的节奏参观)”可知，它允许学生以自己的节奏参观，适合自主灵活安排的体验。再结合文章最后图片中的信息可知，Hike包含Landscape History(景观历史)和 Nature & Ecology(自然及生态学)，是一个景观、自然与生态系统相关的附加活动。由此可推知，自助游加徒步旅行适合喜欢灵活节奏的自然爱好者。故选C项。 B The message took me by surprise. It came from my Ph.D. adviser, asking me whether I’d apply for a fellowship (学术奖金) from the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Two years earlier, I’d written a proposal for the very same award — a requirement for passing my Ph.D. qualifying exam. Before it, I’d never written a full research proposal. My adviser wanted me to come up with a brand-new project. The process was like figuring out how the pieces of a complex puzzle (拼图) should fit together. Finally, I focused on creating a secure proposal, with experiments that were almost guaranteed to be scientifically practical. The result was indeed like that, but far from creative. Eventually, I failed. On my second try, I squeaked (勉强通过) by. I was relieved, but the reviewers’ comments hurt me: my ideas weren’t novel and interesting. I awkwardly thanked people when they congratulated me, feeling insecure and defeated. In the following years, I focused on the lab experiments, and mastered new techniques. I gained the practice of submitting applications for several small grants (助学金). Bit by bit, I began seeing myself in a new light and trusting my decisions. So, when my adviser convinced me to apply for the NIH fellowship this time, I was determined not to play it safe and to create a more daring project. Despite old criticisms, I landed on a plan that built on the work I’d done but used fresh ideas. Regardless of whether my idea proved to be correct, I thought it was worth the effort. I’d seen my project indicate new research directions and push back the frontiers of my subject. Five months later, I prepared myself for heartbreak once again as I logged in. But amazingly, I secured the fellowship with great reviews. I can’t claim to have mastered the art of writing an NIII proposal. But the award empasized that avoiding negative reviewer comments shouldn’t be the only aim. Exciting projects, with daring ideas, are the ones that will move our science forward and awaken the curiosity of scientists. 4. Why did the author’s first proposal fail? A. It’s not complete. B. It’s not practical. C. It’s not creative. D. It’s too simple. 5. How did the author benefit from the lab experiments? A. They helped him to get his Ph.D. B. They helped to gain peer trust. C. They increased his self-confidence. D. They helped his second proposal pass. 6. Why did the author feel the project worth his effort? A. It expanded the boundaries in his field. B. It earned him some money over the years. C. It satisfied the requirements of NIH. D. It met the expectations of his adviser. 7. What does the author’s experience tell us? A. Stability wins the race. B. No daring step, no reward. C. Practice makes perfect. D. Opportunity rewards the ready. 【答案】4. C 5. C 6. A 7. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了作者在博士阶段申请美国国立卫生研究院（NIH）奖学金的经历——从初次尝试失败到重拾信心并最终获得奖学金。语篇鼓励考生培养科研精神，提高创新意识，敢于大胆尝试。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Before it, I’d never written a full research proposal. My adviser wanted me to come up with a brand-new project. The process was like figuring out how the pieces of a complex puzzle (拼图) should fit together. Finally, I focused on creating a secure proposal, with experiments that were almost guaranteed to be scientifically practical. The result was indeed like that, but far from creative. Eventually, I failed.(在此之前，我从未撰写过完整的研究计划书。我的导师要求我提出一个全新的项目。整个过程就像是要弄清楚复杂拼图的各个部分应该如何拼合在一起。最终，我专注于制定一份稳妥的计划书，其中包含的实验几乎可以肯定在科学上是可行的。结果确实如此，但远谈不上具有创新性。最终，我还是失败了)”可知，作者为获取博士资格写的第一个提案是可行的，但缺乏创新性，较为常规。故选C。 【5题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“I awkwardly thanked people when they congratulated me, feeling insecure and defeated. In the following years, I focused on the lab experiments, and mastered new techniques. I gained the practice of submitting applications for several small grants (助学金). Bit by bit, I began seeing myself in a new light and trusting my decisions.(当人们向我表示祝贺时，我笨拙地向他们道谢，内心既不安又沮丧。在接下来的几年里，我专注于实验室实验，并掌握了新的技术。我还积累了申请几项小额资助的经验。渐渐地，我开始以全新的视角看待自己，并开始相信自己的决定)”可知，实验室的实践经历让原本不自信的作者对自己有了新的看法，并开始相信自己的决策，这表明实验增强了他的自信心。故选C。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“Regardless of whether my idea proved to be correct, I thought it was worth the effort. I’d seen my project indicate new research directions and push back the frontiers of my subject.(不管我的想法是否最终被证明是正确的，我都认为这都是值得付出努力的。我看到我的项目为新的研究方向指明了方向，并拓展了我所研究领域的边界)”可知，作者认为这个项目值得付出努力是因为它在领域内取得了突破，故选A。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。文章讲述了作者从第一次用保守的项目提案申请美国国立卫生研究院奖学金未能通过，到后来用大胆的项目提案成功申请美国国立卫生研究院奖学金的经历。再结合最后一段作者的感悟“But the award empasized that avoiding negative reviewer comments shouldn’t be the only aim. Exciting projects, with daring ideas, are the ones that will move our science forward and awaken the curiosity of scientists.(但该奖项强调，避免负面评审意见不应成为唯一的追求目标。那些充满创新理念、令人兴奋的项目才是能够推动我们科学研究向前发展、激发科学家好奇心的项目)”可知，作者的经历告诉我们勇于创新，敢于冒险，才会有所收获。故选B。 C It’s easy to keep your aging brain as quick as it was in college. Use a website full of brain games or download the right apps, and within 20 minutes you’ll be doing your part to sharpen your memory and slow the decline of your mental functions. At least that’s what the companies behind this booming industry would have you believe. But is it true? Concrete proof about the benefits of brain games is hard to come by, experts say, when it comes to measurably improving aspects of mental fitness, like having a good memory. “People would really love to believe they could do something like this and make their brain better, but there’s just no solid evidence,” says Randall W. Engle, a primary investigator at the Attention & Working Memory Lab at the Georgia Institute of Technology. That’s not to say brain games are without benefits. Experts say these kinds of mental exercises can change your brain. The brain changes with just about everything you do, including mental training exercises. But numerous studies have shown that brain games lack what researchers call “transfer”. In other words, repeating a game over and over again teaches you how to play the game and get better at it but your brain aging won’t necessarily come to a stop. “It’s like, you walk through fresh snow, and you leave a trace. If you walk the same route again, the trace gets deeper and deeper,” says Ursula Staudinger, director of the Butler Columbia Aging Center at Columbia University. The fact that structural changes occur does not imply that in general this brain has become more capable. It has become more capable of doing exactly the tasks it was practicing. 8. What does the writer intend to do in the first paragraph? A. To introduce a new theory. B. To promote a new app. C. To question an idea. D. To correct a mistake. 9. What does Engle think of the functions of brain games? A. Their effects still need proving. B. They have little practical effects. C. They really make some difference. D. They are bound to benefit brain health. 10. The underlined word in paragraph 3 most probably refers to “the ability to ________”. A. stop the brain aging B. keep the brain functioning C. speed up the brain aging D. improve gaming skills 11. Which can be the best title of the passage? A. Games Prevent Brain from Turning Slow B. How to Slow the Decline of Brain Functions C. Stop Brain aging? Games’ Roles Need Proving D. Brain Games A Boost to Your Mental Fitness 【答案】8. C 9. A 10. A 11. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章通过“提出宣传观点→引用专家质疑→分析效果局限性”的结构，揭示脑力游戏的实际作用尚未被科学证实，呼吁理性看待其宣称的“抗脑衰老”功效。 【8题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“At least that’s what the companies behind this booming industry would have you believe. But is it true?(至少在这个蓬勃发展的行业背后的公司是这么希望你相信的。但事实果真如此吗？)”可推知，作者对其真实性表示怀疑。故第一段的作用是质疑一个说法。故选C。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段““People would really love to believe they could do something like this and make their brain better, but there’s just no solid evidence,” says Randall W. Engle, a primary investigator at the Attention & Working Memory Lab at the Georgia Institute of Technology.(“人们确实非常愿意相信自己能够做到这样事情，从而让自己的大脑变得更聪明，但目前并没有确凿的证据支持这一说法。”佐治亚理工学院注意力与工作记忆实验室的首席研究员兰德尔·W·恩格尔如是说道)”可知，Engle认为脑力游戏的作用还有待证明。故选A。 【10题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“In other words, repeating a game over and over again teaches you how to play the game and get better at it but your brain aging won’t necessarily come to a stop.(换句话说，反复玩同一款游戏能让你掌握游戏的玩法并提高游戏水平，但你的大脑衰老过程并不会因此停止)”可知，研究都表明脑力游戏不能使大脑停止老化。故划线词意思是“停止大脑老化”。故选A。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“It’s easy to keep your aging brain as quick as it was in college. Use a website full of brain games or download the right apps, and within 20 minutes you’ll be doing your part to sharpen your memory and slow the decline of your mental functions. At least that’s what the companies behind this booming industry would have you believe. But is it true?(要让日渐衰老的大脑保持像在大学时代那样敏捷并非难事。只需使用一个充满益智游戏的网站，或者下载合适的应用程序，短短 20 分钟内，你就能为增强记忆力、减缓大脑机能衰退做出自己的贡献。至少那些推动这一行业蓬勃发展的公司是这么想的。但这究竟是真的吗？)”以及本文介绍了能提高记忆力和延缓大脑功能衰退的脑力游戏，但是研究表明，这些游戏仅能提高玩家对游戏技巧掌握的能力，并不能真正阻止大脑老化；游戏的作用还有待证明。由此可知，C项“阻止大脑老化？游戏的作用有待验证”适合作为本文的标题。故选C。 D We all love our parents and turn to them when we’re in need, but would you like them to hear the conversations you have with your friends in the school playground or lunch queue? Social networking sites have become virtual extensions of the school hallways, so would you add your parents as “friends” and allow them to view your online activities and conversations with friends? In the past the generation gap included a technology gap, where children were up to date with the latest technology and parents were left behind, content to continue their day-to-day lives as they always had because they had no need to be tech-savvy (精通技术的). However, more and more parents are beginning to realize just how important social networks are in their lives. This realization has given many parents the motivation to educate themselves about social networking sites. These days many people are attracted to social networking sites because they can choose who they have around them; there’s also a certain amount of control over privacy that we don’t get in real life. Sometimes we feel that privacy is violated when we must accept a “friend” request from a parent or family member. It’s a difficult choice whether or not to allow a parent to become a part of our online lives. On the one hand we don’t want to “reject” their request because that might hurt their feelings or make them feel you have something to hide. On the other hand, if you do accept, then you could have a sense of being watched and no longer feel free to comment or communicate the way you did before. A recent survey suggested that parents shouldn’t take it personally if their child ignores their request: “When a teen ignores a parent’s friend request, it doesn’t necessarily mean that they are hiding something, but it could mean that this is one part of their life where they want to exert their independence.” Perhaps talking with parents and giving explanations would help soften the blow when you do choose not to add them to your friends list. 12. Why do many parents want to learn about social networking sites? A. Because they are eager to explore technologies. B. Because they are bored with their daily life. C. Because they want to watch their children. D. Because they start to realize their importance. 13. What might be the reason for teens to reject their parents’ friend request? A. They have nothing to hide. B. Their privacy cannot be guaranteed. C. They don’t want to teach their parents. D. They can’t choose friends around them. 14. Why is the survey mentioned in the passage? A. To warn parents. B. To relieve parents. C. To challenge parents. D. To criticize parents. 15. What is most likely to be talked about next? A. How to bridge the generation gap. B. How to make friends on social networks. C. How to explain to parents about the rejection. D. How to use the social networking sites wisely. 【答案】12. D 13. B 14. B 15. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要探讨青少年在社交网站上是否该加父母为“好友”这一话题，分析了父母想加入的原因及青少年拒绝的可能因素等。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“However, more and more parents are beginning to realize just how important social networks are in their lives. This realization has given many parents the motivation to educate themselves about social networking sites.(然而，越来越多的父母开始意识到社交网络在他们生活中有多么重要。这种认识促使许多父母有动力去了解社交网站)”可知，许多父母想了解社交网站是因为他们开始意识到其重要性。故选D项。 【13题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“Sometimes we feel that privacy is violated when we must accept a “friend” request from a parent or family member.(有时，当我们必须接受父母或家庭成员的“好友”请求时，我们会觉得隐私受到了侵犯)”以及第四段“On the other hand, if you do accept, then you could have a sense of being watched and no longer feel free to comment or communicate the way you did before.(另一方面，如果你接受了。那么你可能会有一种被监视的感觉，不再像以前那样自由地发表评论或交流)”可知，青少年拒绝父母好友请求的原因可能是他们的隐私无法得到保障。故选B项。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“A recent survey suggested that parents shouldn’t take it personally if their child ignores their request: “When a teen ignores a parent’s friend request, it doesn’t necessarily mean that they are hiding something, but it could mean that this is one part of their life where they want to exert their independence.”(最近的一项调查表明，如果孩子忽略了他们的请求，父母不应该往心里去：“当一个青少年忽略父母的好友请求时，这并不一定意味着他们在隐瞒什么，而可能意味着这是他们生活中想要展现独立的一部分。”)”可知，提到这个调查是为了宽慰父母，让他们不要因为孩子拒绝好友请求而难过。故选B项。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Perhaps talking with parents and giving explanations would help soften the blow when you do choose not to add them to your friends list.(也许当你选择不把他们加到你的好友列表时，和父母交谈并给出解释会有助于减轻打击)”可知，接下来很可能会谈论如何向父母解释拒绝加他们为好友这件事。故选C项。 第二节 (共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Grocery shopping is something everyone has to do. Whether you go to the supermarket or buy online, there are ways to shop smarter and greener. ____16____ Plan your shopping ____17____ This will allow you to plan healthy meals for the week. But don’t forget to check your fridge to make sure you don’t buy food that you already have. Having a list also cuts down on impulse (冲动的) buys that you don’t really need. Buy bulk foods (散装食品) Many foods are wrapped in plastic or have too much packaging. In fact, 23 per cent of all waste in rubbish tips in the US comes from food packaging according to a report. You can help reduce all this packaging waste by buying bulk foods whenever possible. ____18____ Buy seasonal and local produce Buying locally grown fruits and vegetables when the produce is in season cuts down on the environmental cost of transportation. In addition, the local produce you buy is fresher and not artificially ripened (人工催熟的) so it is more nutritional. ____19____ Save your produce bags While many people use reusable cloth grocery bags, another tip is to save the plastic bags that you put produce in. ____20____ From packing a lunch to picking up dog waste, reusing plastic bags is the way to go. A. These bags can be reused in lots of ways. B. And you are supporting your local farmers. C. It’s easy to make better choices at the supermarket. D. Part of shopping smarter is to buy what you can use. E. Bring your own plastic bags or containers if allowed. F. Here are some tips on how to be a better grocery shopper. G. Make a list and meal plan before you go to the supermarket. 【答案】16. F 17. G 18. E 19. B 20. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章给出了几条成为更聪明和更环保的购物者的建议。 【16题详解】 根据上句中“Whether you go to the supermarket or buy online, there are ways to shop smarter and greener.(无论你是去超市购物还是选择网上购买，都有办法让你的购物行为更明智、更环保)”和下文四个小标题可知，空处引出下文关于购物的几条建议。F项“这里有一些如何成为一个更好的购物者的建议”中的some tips指下文四条建议，且better呼应上文中的smarter and greener。故选F。 【17题详解】 根据小标题可知，本部分建议与购物前提前做计划有关；结合下句“This will allow you to plan healthy meals for the week.(这将使您能够为一周制定健康的饮食计划)”可知，设空处应指出This指代什么且与计划饮食有关。G项“去超市之前列一份清单和膳食计划”中的list与下文中的list是原词复现关系，且meal plan 呼应小标题和下文中的 plan healthy meals。故选G。 【18题详解】 根据小标题“Buy bulk foods (散装食品)(购买散装食品)”和本段内容“Many foods are wrapped in plastic or have too much packaging. In fact, 23 per cent of all waste in rubbish tips in the US comes from food packaging according to a report. You can help reduce all this packaging waste by buying bulk foods whenever possible.(许多食品都用塑料包裹着，或者包装过度。据一份报告称，在美国垃圾倾倒场中，23%的垃圾是由食品包装造成的。为了减少这种包装垃圾，您可以尽可能购买散装食品)”可知，本部分建议与购买散装食品有关。故E项“如果允许的话，自己携带塑料袋或容器”承接上文，给出购买散装食品时的建议。本部分中的rubbish tips意为“垃圾场”。故选E。 【19题详解】 根据小标题“Buy seasonal and local produce(购买应季和本地的农产品)”和本段“Buying locally grown fruits and vegetables when the produce is in season cuts down on the environmental cost of transportation. In addition, the local produce you buy is fresher and not artificially ripened (人工催熟的) so it is more nutritional.(在当季购买本地种植的水果和蔬菜，可以减少运输过程中的环境负担。此外，你所购买的本地农产品更为新鲜，而且没有经过人工催熟处理，因此营养价值更高)”可知，本部分建议与购买时令和当地农产品有关。B项“而且你也是在支持当地的农民”承接上文，指出购买当地农产品的另一个好处，其中的local farmers呼应小标题和上文中的local produce。故选B。 【20题详解】 根据小标题“Save your produce bags(保存好你的包装袋)”以及上文“While many people use reusable cloth grocery bags, another tip is to save the plastic bags that you put produce in.(虽然很多人会使用可重复使用的布质购物袋，但还有一个小建议是：把装水果蔬菜用过的塑料袋留存起来)”可知，本部分建议与保存产品的袋子有关。A项“这些袋子可以以多种方式重复使用”承接上文，These bags 指代上文中的“the plastic bags that you put produce in”，且“be reused in lots of ways”呼应下文中的“From packing a lunch to picking up dog waste”。故选A。 第三部分 语言运用 (共两节，满分30分) 第一节 (共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 We live in Cleveland, Ohio, near a highway exit. Over the years, many tired travelers have stopped at our door, asking for small ____21____: a phone call, a glass of water, or simply directions. All have been ____22____ to me. Each time, I’ve had to weigh the ____23____. One summer evening a few years ago, as the sky darkened, an ____24____ woman stood weakly at our doorway. She leaned against the screen door (纱窗门) to ____25____ it open. Through the window, I could see the outline of her head. She clearly needed ____26____. The question filled my mind: “What should I do?” This wasn’t the first time I’d faced such a difficult ____27____. In today’s world, we’re often told to be cautious. It is believed that helping strangers is ____28____ and may risk terrible consequences. News stories ____29____ that kind people often end up as victims. There is no doubt that those are true stories, but the lesson _____30_____ with my heart. Sometimes doing the right thing requires _____31_____. Should we fear everyone we don’t know? Is personal _____32_____ always the only thing that _____33_____? Our home’s location often forces me to make difficult choices. _____34_____ the travelers in need has its own cost-not just to them, but to me. I’d rather risk a little than live with _____35_____. I’d rather choose kindness than let fear rule me. So when I saw the woman trembling on my step, I knew my answer. I opened the door. 21. A. gestures B. kindnesses C. chances D. changes 22. A. strangers B. drivers C. friends D. guides 23. A. advantages B. strengths C. risks D. evidence 24. A. unfamiliar B. optimistic C. elegant D. intelligent 25. A. force B. blow C. knock D. hold 26. A. water B. help C. love D. rescue 27. A. passenger B. opportunity C. answer D. choice 28. A. unwise B. unbearable C. safe D. odd 29. A. comment B. mean C. warn D. inform 30. A. clicks B. mixes C. sinks D. conflicts 31. A. patience B. reward C. courage D. luck 32. A. happiness B. health C. achievement D. safety 33. A. matters B. applies C. favors D. occurs 34. A. Bringing up B. Turning away C. Reaching for D. Cheering up 35. A. disability B. illness C. guilt D. curiosity 【答案】21. B 22. A 23. C 24. A 25. D 26. B 27. D 28. A 29. C 30. D 31. C 32. D 33. A 34. B 35. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者一家住在高速公路出口附近，常有疲惫的旅行者前来寻求诸如打电话、喝水或问路等小帮助，作者面对是否帮助这些陌生人，内心需权衡风险，最终选择以善良回应的故事，展现了作者在面对此类情况时的思考与抉择。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：多年来，许多疲惫的旅行者在我们家门口停下，请求一些小小的善举：打个电话、喝杯水，或者仅仅是问路。A. gestures手势；B. kindnesses善举；C. chances机会；D. changes改变。从下文列举的“a phone call, a glass of water, or simply directions”可知，这些都是旅行者希望得到的善意行为，所以是小小的善举，故选B项。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：对我来说，他们都是陌生人。A. strangers陌生人；B. drivers司机；C. friends朋友；D. guides导游。根据上文“many tired travelers have stopped at our door”可知，这些旅行者对于作者来说是不认识的，即为陌生人，故选A项。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：每次，我都得权衡风险。A. advantages优势；B. strengths长处；C. risks风险；D. evidence证据。结合下文提到当今世界人们被告知要谨慎，帮助陌生人可能有可怕后果等内容可知，作者每次面对陌生人的求助都要权衡帮助他们的风险，故选C项。 【24题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：几年前的一个夏夜，天渐渐黑了，一个陌生的女人虚弱地站在我们家门口。A. unfamiliar不熟悉的，陌生的；B. optimistic乐观的；C. elegant优雅的；D. intelligent聪明的。根据上文“All have been... to me”可知，提到是陌生人来求助，这里描述这个女人，unfamiliar符合语境，表明作者不认识她，故选A项。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她靠在纱门上，使门开着。A. force强迫；B. blow吹；C. knock敲；D. hold保持，使……处于（特定状态）。根据上文“She leaned against the screen door (纱窗门)”可知，这里指女人靠在纱门上让门保持开着的状态，故选D项。 【26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她显然需要帮助。A. water水；B. help帮助；C. love爱；D. rescue营救。根据上文“woman stood weakly at our doorway.”可知，女人虚弱地站在门口以及前文旅行者常来求助可知，她显然是需要帮助，故选B项。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这不是我第一次面临这样艰难的选择。A. passenger乘客；B. opportunity机会；C. answer答案；D. choice选择。根据上文作者思考“ What should I do?”可知，作者面临是否帮助这个女人的艰难选择，故选D项。 【28题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：人们认为帮助陌生人是不明智的，可能会带来可怕的后果。A. unwise不明智的；B. unbearable难以忍受的；C. safe安全的；D. odd奇怪的。根据下文“may risk terrible consequences”可知，人们觉得帮助陌生人可能带来不好后果，所以认为这是不明智的，故选A项。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：新闻报道警示说善良的人往往最终成为受害者。A. comment评论；B. mean意味着；C. warn警告；D. inform通知。根据下文“kind people often end up as victims”可知，新闻报道这类事是对人们的一种警示，warn符合语境，故选C项。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：毫无疑问，那些都是真实的故事，但这个教训与我的内心相冲突。A. clicks点击；B. mixes混合；C. sinks下沉；D. conflicts冲突。根据下文“I’d rather choose kindness than let fear rule me.”可知，作者还是选择帮助陌生人可知，社会上认为帮助陌生人有风险这个观念与作者内心想法冲突，故选D项。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：有时候做正确的事需要勇气。A. patience耐心；B. reward回报；C. courage勇气；D. luck运气。根据上文“may risk”提到帮助陌生人有风险，但作者又觉得要做正确的事，所以这里是说需要勇气，故选C项。 【32题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：个人安全总是唯一重要的事情吗？A. happiness幸福；B. health健康；C. achievement成就；D. safety安全。根据上文“may risk”提到帮助陌生人可能有风险，所以这里讨论个人安全是否是唯一重要的，故选D项。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：个人安全总是唯一重要的事情吗？A. matters要紧，重要；B. applies应用；C. favors偏爱；D. occurs发生。前文提到帮助陌生人可能有风险，所以这里讨论个人安全是否是唯一重要的，根据常识也可知，人身安全是重要的。故选A项。 【34题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：拒绝需要帮助的旅行者有它自身的代价——不仅对他们，对我也是。A. Bringing up抚养，提出；B. Turning away拒绝，把……打发走；C. Reaching for伸手去够；D. Cheering up使高兴起来。根据上文“Should we fear everyone we don’t know? Is personal...always the only thing that...?”可知，作者面临是否帮助陌生人的选择，这里说的是拒绝帮助旅行者会有代价，turn away符合语境，故选B项。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我宁愿冒一点险，也不愿带着愧疚生活。A. disability残疾；B. illness疾病；C. guilt愧疚；D. curiosity好奇。根据下文“I’d rather choose kindness than let fear rule me.”可知，作者选择帮助陌生人，是不想因为拒绝帮助而内心愧疚，故选C项。 第二节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个恰当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 My Internet journey began when I was just a child, fascinated by the glowing screen of my smartphone. I was so ____36____ (addict) to it that I checked it constantly while walking, eating, or lying in bed. It was very hard for me ____37____ (quit) the habit. Then the day came when I finally realized I had to make ____38____ change. With my eyes fixed ____39____ my smartphone, I stepped into the road and a car ____40____ (shoot) past, nearly knocking me off my feet. At that time, I decided to go phone-free for a week. The first day was the hardest. But soon, time slowed down. I picked up the classic novel I had always wanted to read. I also kept a journal and went running, ____41____ (appreciate) the beauty in life with my own eyes, instead of through my smartphone camera. My offline ____42____ (relationship) benefited as well. I went for a long walk with an old friend. Our wide-ranging conversation went so much deeper than brief texts ever could. I also spent more time with my parents, bringing them up to date with ____43____ was going on in my life. We had never felt ____44____ (close) to each other. By the end of the week, I almost did not want to turn my phone back on. I still us technology, _____45_____ life beyond the screen — richer and more real — matters most. 【答案】36. addicted 37. to quit 38. a 39. on 40. shot 41. appreciating 42. relationships 43. what 44. closer 45. but 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述作者从小沉迷手机，因走路看手机险遭车祸后决定戒手机一周，期间读书、跑步、与亲友深交，体会到屏幕外生活更丰富真实。 【36题详解】 考查形容词。句意：我对其如此上瘾，以至于在走路、吃饭或者躺在床上的时候都会不停地查看它。短语be addicted to表示“对……上瘾”。故填addicted。 【37题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：要我戒掉这个习惯可太难了。句型“It is hard for sb. to do sth.”（对某人来说做某事很难），需用不定式“to quit”作真正主语。故填to quit。 【38题详解】 考查冠词。句意：后来终于有一天，我意识到自己必须做出改变。短语make a change表示“做出改变”。故填a。 【39题详解】 考查介词。句意：我紧盯着手机屏幕，正要踏上马路，一辆汽车疾驰而过，差点把我撞倒在地。短语fix one’s eyes on表示“盯着……看”。故填on。 【40题详解】 考查时态。句意：我紧盯着手机屏幕，正要踏上马路，一辆汽车疾驰而过，差点把我撞倒在地。描述过去事件，需用一般过去时。故填shot。 【41题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：我还坚持写日记，并且去跑步，用自己的双眼去欣赏生活中的美好，而不是通过智能手机的摄像头来获取。此处appreciate与I构成主动关系，故用现在分作伴随状语。故填appreciating。 【42题详解】 考查名词。句意：我的线下人际关系也从中受益了。我和一位老朋友一起进行了一次长距离散步。根据后文与朋友、父母的互动可知，此处指“线下人际关系”，需用复数形式。故填relationships。 【43题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：我还花更多的时间陪伴父母，向他们讲述自己生活中的所发生的事情。引导宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，指物用what。故填what。 【44题详解】 考查比较级。句意：我们从未感到彼此如此亲近。否定词和比较级连用，可表达最高级含义。故填closer。 【45题详解】 考查连词。句意：我依然使用着科技产品，但屏幕之外的生活——更加丰富、更加真实——才是最重要的。前后句为转折关系。故填but。 第四部分 写作 (共两节，满分40分) 第一节 (满分15分) 46. 假如你是李华，学校将开展“弘扬科学家精神”的英语演讲比赛。请你用英文介绍一位你最尊敬和爱戴的科学家。内容包括： 1. 对该人物的简单介绍； 2. 尊敬和爱戴原因； 3. 从其身上得到的启示。 注意: 1.词数150字左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Ladies and gentlemen, __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Thank you all for listening! 【答案】Ladies and gentlemen, I am honored to introduce Qian Xuesen, an outstanding scientist. Born in 1911, he devoted his life to the field of aerospace. After graduating from top universities, he overcame numerous obstacles to return to China and made remarkable contributions to China’s missile and space programs. I hold profound respect and sincere admiration for him on account of his remarkable patriotism and unswerving dedication. In spite of encountering tremendous difficulties as well as temptations while abroad, he made the choice to wholeheartedly serve his motherland. His perseverance and innovation spirit enabled China to gain an important position in the international aerospace field. This has not only enhanced China’s national reputation but also inspired generations of people to strive for the progress and prosperity of the country, making him a model of virtue and an admirable figure worthy of imitation. What I have learned from him is that we should be passionate about our pursuits and remain loyal to our country and dreams. With strong will and continuous efforts, we can break through limitations and achieve extraordinary things. Thank you all for listening! 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写一篇演讲稿，介绍一位你最尊敬和爱戴的科学家，对该人物进行简单介绍，陈述尊敬和爱戴的原因，讲述从其身上得到的启示。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 杰出的：outstanding→excellent 克服：overcome→get over 由于：on account of→due to 提升：enhance→promote 为……而努力：strive for→fight for 2. 句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：After graduating from top universities, he overcame numerous obstacles to return to China and made remarkable contributions to China’s missile and space programs. 拓展句：After he graduated from top universities, he overcame numerous obstacles to return to China and made remarkable contributions to China’s missile and space programs. 【点睛】【高分句型1】This has not only enhanced China’s national reputation but also inspired generations of people to strive for the progress and prosperity of the country, making him a model of virtue and an admirable figure worthy of imitation.(使用了not only…but also…短语、不定式to strive…作宾补、现在分词making…作状语、形容词短语worthy of imitation作后置定语) 【高分句型2】What I have learned from him is that we should be passionate about our pursuits and remain loyal to our country and dreams. (使用了What引导主语从句、that引导表语从句) 第二节 (满分25分) 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Alice sat in the car while palm trees seemed to speed by the car window. Eight-year-old Alice began to get nervous, the way she always did in new surroundings. She felt a thin shine of sweat above her lip in spite of the car’s cool air. “The aquarium (水族馆) won’t be crowded, I bet, and people are going to notice me. I hate wearing this prosthesis leg (假肢).” She felt tears coming from behind her eyes. “Not being normal is the worst,” she thought to herself. Entering the Clearwater Marine Aquarium, around a corner of a tank, she noticed an animal that looked unusual. “Is that a dolphin with a a prosthetic tail instead of a real tail?” she asked an aquarium staff member. He nodded and replied, “Yes, that’s Betty. She’s a very special dolphin.” “What happened to her?” “This girl dolphin was found off the coast of Florida, caught in a crab trap. The ropes from the trap cut off the blood circulation to her tail. So she lost her tail,” Alice caught her breath. “She’s just like me.” “But she struggled to survive. Now she wears a prosthetic tail to help her swim like a dolphin’s supposed to swim,” the staff member continued. “Every day, Betty shows us anything is possible if we believe.” Alice felt her heart was touched. She waved at Betty. Looking at Alice, Betty raised her flippers(鰭), came to her and lifted her head. “She’s swimming right into my arms,” Alice said tearfully. They made eye contact. She seemed to be speaking to Alice: We’re the same. Back home, all Alice talked about was Betty. For two weeks, she cried and begged her mother to take her back to Clearwater. Unfortunately, another blow hit Alice. She fell on the hardwood floor at home and broke her other leg. Alice suffered the pain in her leg. After a through examination, the doctor explained bad news to them that she would need some surgery on her leg. Years of a living hell (地狱) came back to her. She started fearing surgery again and refused to go to hospital for treatment. 注意：1.续写词数应为150左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 “How can I persuade Alice to undergo the surgery?” Alice’s mom said to herself. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Encouraged by Betty, Alice changed her mind and did what her mother and doctor had told her to. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】范文 “How can I persuade Alice to undergo the surgery?” Alice’s mom said to herself. Then she had an idea and she decided to take Alice back to Clearwater. On arriving at Clearwater, Alice couldn’t wait to see Betty, the lovely dolphin that comforted her and boosted her mood. As Alice’s mother pushed the wheelchair to Betty, she raised her flippers, came to her and lifted her head. Alice couldn’t hold back her excitement. Looking at the girl, Betty seemed to say, “Go and have the operation.” Alice absolutely knew what that caring eyes were conveying, so she decided to keep a more optimistic state of mind. Encouraged by Betty, Alice changed her mind and did what her mother and doctor had told her to. Finally came the day when Alice was in the hospital again. Though feeling nervous and afraid of the pain the surgery might bring, Alice faced it bravely. The operation was a success. Her mother took her to Clearwater the day when she was discharged from hospital. Inspired by Betty’s swimming like a normal dolphin, Alice practiced hard to walk. Her confidence has been improved as she gradually recovers. She has no idea what future holds for her but she will do anything to have a better look at this wonderful world. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了爱丽丝在水族馆看到一只和自己一样有残疾的海豚贝蒂，不幸的是，爱丽丝在家摔倒了，她的腿需要做手术。最后妈妈想到了让海豚来安慰爱丽丝，从而让爱丽丝接受了手术。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“‘我怎样才能说服爱丽丝做手术呢？’爱丽丝的妈妈自言自语道”可知，第一段可描写妈妈让海豚来安慰爱丽丝，爱丽丝也明白了海豚的关心。 ②由第二段首句内容“在贝蒂的鼓励下，爱丽丝改变了主意，按照妈妈和医生的建议去做了”可知，第二段可描写爱丽丝手术的进展以及爱丽丝恢复对未来的信心。 2.续写线索：妈妈想到办法——通过海豚安慰爱丽丝——接受手术——手术成功——获得信心 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①恢复：recover/get better ②决心做：decide to do/make up one’s mind to do ③表达：convey/express 情绪类 ①体贴的：caring/thoughtful ②乐观的：optimistic/positive 【点睛】[高分句型1] Alice absolutely knew what that caring eyes were conveying, so she decided to keep a more optimistic state of mind. (运用了what引导宾语从句) [高分句型2] Though feeling nervous and afraid of the pain the surgery might bring, Alice faced it bravely. (运用了though引导让步状语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 湖南师大附中2024—2025学年度高一第二学期期末考试 英语 时量：120分钟 满分：150分 第一部分 听力 (共两节，满分30分) 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节 (共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例：How much is the shirt? A. £19.15. B. £9.18. C. £9.15. 答案是C。 1. What arc the speakers mainly talking about? A. Traffic accidents. B. Flying ambulances. C. Science fiction movies. 2. Why does the woman ask the man to go to the Internet Cafe? A. He can finish his design there. B. She wants to have coffee with him. C. He can have his computer repair there. 3 What is the man doing? A. Doing homework. B. Playing computer games. C. Deleting emails. 4. What gift will the woman get from the man? A. A mobile phone. B. A coat. C. A dictionary. 5. What do the speakers think about the latest phones? A. They lack advanced features. B. They are too big to fit in the pocket. C. The camera systems are amazing. 第二节 (共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独自前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第六段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. Where did the man learn about the new planet? A. From TV news. B. From the newspaper. C. From the website. 7. How did scientists find the new planet? A By researching into the star’s light. B. By building a universe model. C. By analyzing the star’s life. 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。 8. What do the speakers think of taikonauts’ (宇航员) mission? A. Heroic yet lonely. B. Honorable yet risky. C. Expensive yet important. 9. What alternative to space travel is suggested in the conversation? A. Making spacecraft safer. B. Training more astronauts. C. Using robots for observations. 10. What docs the woman insist on about space exploration? A. Having manned space travel. B. Modernizing spaceships. C. Investing in space exploration. 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。 11. What skills docs the woman want to develop? A. Writing skills. B. Drawing skills. C. Marketing skills. 12. What is the man’s attitude to getting information online? A. Positive. B. Indifferent. C. Negative. 13. Why are the woman’s colleagues mentioned in the end? A. The man knows them well. B. The woman will turn to them. C. The woman doesn’t get along with them. 听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。 14. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. In the school. B. In the company. C. At home. 15. What are Al ethics (伦理) about according to the speakers? A. Teaching AI to collect people’s data. B. Making sure AI can help with human jobs. C. Using Al in a correct and responsible way. 16. What is the key to building AI ethics according to the woman? A. Education. B. Technology. C. Responsibility. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17. What is the problem with the first generation of solar panels (电池板)? A. They are too expensive to replace. B. They do not reflect sunshine anymore. C. They end up being wasted. 18. What is the main goal of We Recycle Solar? A. To resettle and remove old solar panels. B. To collect and recycle old solar panels. C. To repackage and replace old solar panels. 19. What is the possible way to deal with the repaired panels? A. By selling them to other countries. B. By melting them down for recycling. C By changing them into new energy sources. 20. What is the purpose of Adam Saghei’s statements according to the speaker? A. To demonstrate the economic value of reusing materials. B. To emphasize the necessity of solar panel recycling. C. To introduce the new recycling technologies of his company. 第二部分 阅读 (共两节，满分50分) 第一节 (共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Castle in the Clouds is currently offering the newest field trip package priced at $10 per student, with help from the Castle Teacher Advisory Group who assess the activity every week. With this field trip, our Education Team will work with you for a visit which best matches your curriculum (课程) and addresses the specific demands of your students. Use the chart below to build your field trip! Start by Choosing One Guided Tour Include a Lucknow Highlights tour facilitated by our Education Team Include a worksheet to use during the tour Pre-visit and post-visit activities A 60-minute tour plus 30 minutes for travelling to and from the Castle on the streetcar Students must be divided into groups of 8 1 guardian for every 10 students is free Timing is based on 24 students. the maximum number of students the Castle can accommodate at a time. Self-Guided Tour Include workbooks for students, a streetcar ride, and pre-visit and post-visit activities Able to tour at your own pace, interact with museum interpreters, and read Explore More Cards We recommend 60 minutes for your tour and 30 minutes for travelling to and from the Castle on the streetcar Students must be divided into groups of 5 1 guardian for every 5 students is free Want More? Add on a Castle Experience, $5 per student ＊Please book your add-on experience at least one month in advance. Hike Landscape History Nature & Ecology Garden Tour Hike & Write Art If interested, please fill out the Field Trip Request Form! 1. Who is the passage intended for? A. School teachers. B. Parents. C. Tour guides. D. Castle managers. 2. What makes Guided Tour different from Self-Guided Tour? A. Package price. B. Provided supplies. C. Scheduled activities. D. Group size. 3. Which combination suits a nature lover preferring a flexible pace? A. Self-Guided Tour+add-on Art. B. Guided Tour+add-on Garden Tour. C. Self-Guided Tour I add-on Hike. D. Guided Tour+add-on Hike & Write. B The message took me by surprise. It came from my Ph.D. adviser, asking me whether I’d apply for a fellowship (学术奖金) from the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Two years earlier, I’d written a proposal for the very same award — a requirement for passing my Ph.D. qualifying exam. Before it, I’d never written a full research proposal. My adviser wanted me to come up with a brand-new project. The process was like figuring out how the pieces of a complex puzzle (拼图) should fit together. Finally, I focused on creating a secure proposal, with experiments that were almost guaranteed to be scientifically practical. The result was indeed like that, but far from creative. Eventually, I failed. On my second try, I squeaked (勉强通过) by. I was relieved, but the reviewers’ comments hurt me: my ideas weren’t novel and interesting. I awkwardly thanked people when they congratulated me, feeling insecure and defeated. In the following years, I focused on the lab experiments, and mastered new techniques. I gained the practice of submitting applications for several small grants (助学金). Bit by bit, I began seeing myself in a new light and trusting my decisions. So, when my adviser convinced me to apply for the NIH fellowship this time, I was determined not to play it safe and to create a more daring project. Despite old criticisms, I landed on a plan that built on the work I’d done but used fresh ideas. Regardless of whether my idea proved to be correct, I thought it was worth the effort. I’d seen my project indicate new research directions and push back the frontiers of my subject. Five months later, I prepared myself for heartbreak once again as I logged in. But amazingly, I secured the fellowship with great reviews. I can’t claim to have mastered the art of writing an NIII proposal. But the award empasized that avoiding negative reviewer comments shouldn’t be the only aim. Exciting projects, with daring ideas, are the ones that will move our science forward and awaken the curiosity of scientists. 4. Why did the author’s first proposal fail? A. It’s not complete. B. It’s not practical. C. It’s not creative. D. It’s too simple. 5. How did the author benefit from the lab experiments? A. They helped him to get his Ph.D. B. They helped to gain peer trust. C. They increased his self-confidence. D. They helped his second proposal pass. 6. Why did the author feel the project worth his effort? A. It expanded the boundaries in his field. B. It earned him some money over the years. C. It satisfied the requirements of NIH. D. It met the expectations of his adviser. 7 What does the author’s experience tell us? A. Stability wins the race. B. No daring step, no reward. C. Practice makes perfect. D. Opportunity rewards the ready. C It’s easy to keep your aging brain as quick as it was in college. Use a website full of brain games or download the right apps, and within 20 minutes you’ll be doing your part to sharpen your memory and slow the decline of your mental functions. At least that’s what the companies behind this booming industry would have you believe. But is it true? Concrete proof about the benefits of brain games is hard to come by, experts say, when it comes to measurably improving aspects of mental fitness, like having a good memory. “People would really love to believe they could do something like this and make their brain better, but there’s just no solid evidence,” says Randall W. Engle, a primary investigator at the Attention & Working Memory Lab at the Georgia Institute of Technology. That’s not to say brain games are without benefits. Experts say these kinds of mental exercises can change your brain. The brain changes with just about everything you do, including mental training exercises. But numerous studies have shown that brain games lack what researchers call “transfer”. In other words, repeating a game over and over again teaches you how to play the game and get better at it but your brain aging won’t necessarily come to a stop. “It’s like, you walk through fresh snow, and you leave a trace. If you walk the same route again, the trace gets deeper and deeper,” says Ursula Staudinger, director of the Butler Columbia Aging Center at Columbia University. The fact that structural changes occur does not imply that in general this brain has become more capable. It has become more capable of doing exactly the tasks it was practicing. 8. What does the writer intend to do in the first paragraph? A. To introduce a new theory. B. To promote a new app. C. To question an idea. D. To correct a mistake. 9. What does Engle think of the functions of brain games? A. Their effects still need proving. B. They have little practical effects. C. They really make some difference. D. They are bound to benefit brain health. 10. The underlined word in paragraph 3 most probably refers to “the ability to ________”. A. stop the brain aging B. keep the brain functioning C. speed up the brain aging D. improve gaming skills 11. Which can be the best title of the passage? A. Games Prevent Brain from Turning Slow B. How to Slow the Decline of Brain Functions C. Stop Brain aging? Games’ Roles Need Proving D. Brain Games A Boost to Your Mental Fitness D We all love our parents and turn to them when we’re in need, but would you like them to hear the conversations you have with your friends in the school playground or lunch queue? Social networking sites have become virtual extensions of the school hallways, so would you add your parents as “friends” and allow them to view your online activities and conversations with friends? In the past the generation gap included a technology gap, where children were up to date with the latest technology and parents were left behind, content to continue their day-to-day lives as they always had because they had no need to be tech-savvy (精通技术的). However, more and more parents are beginning to realize just how important social networks are in their lives. This realization has given many parents the motivation to educate themselves about social networking sites. These days many people are attracted to social networking sites because they can choose who they have around them; there’s also a certain amount of control over privacy that we don’t get in real life. Sometimes we feel that privacy is violated when we must accept a “friend” request from a parent or family member. It’s a difficult choice whether or not to allow a parent to become a part of our online lives. On the one hand we don’t want to “reject” their request because that might hurt their feelings or make them feel you have something to hide. On the other hand, if you do accept, then you could have a sense of being watched and no longer feel free to comment or communicate the way you did before. A recent survey suggested that parents shouldn’t take it personally if their child ignores their request: “When a teen ignores a parent’s friend request, it doesn’t necessarily mean that they are hiding something, but it could mean that this is one part of their life where they want to exert their independence.” Perhaps talking with parents and giving explanations would help soften the blow when you do choose not to add them to your friends list. 12. Why do many parents want to learn about social networking sites? A. Because they are eager to explore technologies. B. Because they are bored with their daily life. C. Because they want to watch their children. D. Because they start to realize their importance. 13. What might be the reason for teens to reject their parents’ friend request? A. They have nothing to hide. B. Their privacy cannot be guaranteed. C. They don’t want to teach their parents. D. They can’t choose friends around them. 14. Why is the survey mentioned in the passage? A. To warn parents. B. To relieve parents. C. To challenge parents. D. To criticize parents. 15. What is most likely to be talked about next? A. How to bridge the generation gap. B. How to make friends on social networks. C. How to explain to parents about the rejection. D. How to use the social networking sites wisely. 第二节 (共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Grocery shopping is something everyone has to do. Whether you go to the supermarket or buy online, there are ways to shop smarter and greener. ____16____ Plan your shopping ____17____ This will allow you to plan healthy meals for the week. But don’t forget to check your fridge to make sure you don’t buy food that you already have. Having a list also cuts down on impulse (冲动的) buys that you don’t really need. Buy bulk foods (散装食品) Many foods are wrapped in plastic or have too much packaging. In fact, 23 per cent of all waste in rubbish tips in the US comes from food packaging according to a report. You can help reduce all this packaging waste by buying bulk foods whenever possible. ____18____ Buy seasonal and local produce Buying locally grown fruits and vegetables when the produce is in season cuts down on the environmental cost of transportation. In addition, the local produce you buy is fresher and not artificially ripened (人工催熟的) so it is more nutritional. ____19____ Save your produce bags While many people use reusable cloth grocery bags, another tip is to save the plastic bags that you put produce in. ____20____ From packing a lunch to picking up dog waste, reusing plastic bags is the way to go. A. These bags can be reused in lots of ways. B. And you are supporting your local farmers. C. It’s easy to make better choices at the supermarket. D. Part of shopping smarter is to buy what you can use. E. Bring your own plastic bags or containers if allowed. F. Here are some tips on how to be a better grocery shopper. G. Make a list and meal plan before you go to the supermarket. 第三部分 语言运用 (共两节，满分30分) 第一节 (共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 We live in Cleveland, Ohio, near a highway exit. Over the years, many tired travelers have stopped at our door, asking for small ____21____: a phone call, a glass of water, or simply directions. All have been ____22____ to me. Each time, I’ve had to weigh the ____23____. One summer evening a few years ago, as the sky darkened, an ____24____ woman stood weakly at our doorway. She leaned against the screen door (纱窗门) to ____25____ it open. Through the window, I could see the outline of her head. She clearly needed ____26____. The question filled my mind: “What should I do?” This wasn’t the first time I’d faced such a difficult ____27____. In today’s world, we’re often told to be cautious. It is believed that helping strangers is ____28____ and may risk terrible consequences. News stories ____29____ that kind people often end up as victims. There is no doubt that those are true stories, but the lesson _____30_____ with my heart. Sometimes doing the right thing requires _____31_____. Should we fear everyone we don’t know? Is personal _____32_____ always the only thing that _____33_____? Our home’s location often forces me to make difficult choices. _____34_____ the travelers in need has its own cost-not just to them, but to me. I’d rather risk a little than live with _____35_____. I’d rather choose kindness than let fear rule me. So when I saw the woman trembling on my step, I knew my answer. I opened the door. 21. A. gestures B. kindnesses C. chances D. changes 22. A. strangers B. drivers C. friends D. guides 23. A. advantages B. strengths C. risks D. evidence 24. A. unfamiliar B. optimistic C. elegant D. intelligent 25. A. force B. blow C. knock D. hold 26. A. water B. help C. love D. rescue 27. A. passenger B. opportunity C. answer D. choice 28. A. unwise B. unbearable C. safe D. odd 29. A. comment B. mean C. warn D. inform 30. A. clicks B. mixes C. sinks D. conflicts 31. A. patience B. reward C. courage D. luck 32. A. happiness B. health C. achievement D. safety 33. A. matters B. applies C. favors D. occurs 34. A. Bringing up B. Turning away C. Reaching for D. Cheering up 35. A. disability B. illness C. guilt D. curiosity 第二节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个恰当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 My Internet journey began when I was just a child fascinated by the glowing screen of my smartphone. I was so ____36____ (addict) to it that I checked it constantly while walking, eating, or lying in bed. It was very hard for me ____37____ (quit) the habit. Then the day came when I finally realized I had to make ____38____ change. With my eyes fixed ____39____ my smartphone, I stepped into the road and a car ____40____ (shoot) past, nearly knocking me off my feet. At that time, I decided to go phone-free for a week. The first day was the hardest. But soon, time slowed down. I picked up the classic novel I had always wanted to read. I also kept a journal and went running, ____41____ (appreciate) the beauty in life with my own eyes, instead of through my smartphone camera. My offline ____42____ (relationship) benefited as well. I went for a long walk with an old friend. Our wide-ranging conversation went so much deeper than brief texts ever could. I also spent more time with my parents, bringing them up to date with ____43____ was going on in my life. We had never felt ____44____ (close) to each other. By the end of the week, I almost did not want to turn my phone back on. I still us technology, _____45_____ life beyond the screen — richer and more real — matters most. 第四部分 写作 (共两节，满分40分) 第一节 (满分15分) 46. 假如你是李华，学校将开展“弘扬科学家精神”的英语演讲比赛。请你用英文介绍一位你最尊敬和爱戴的科学家。内容包括： 1. 对该人物的简单介绍； 2. 尊敬和爱戴的原因； 3. 从其身上得到的启示。 注意: 1.词数150字左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Ladies and gentlemen, __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Thank you all for listening! 第二节 (满分25分) 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Alice sat in the car while palm trees seemed to speed by the car window. Eight-year-old Alice began to get nervous, the way she always did in new surroundings. She felt a thin shine of sweat above her lip in spite of the car’s cool air. “The aquarium (水族馆) won’t be crowded, I bet, and people are going to notice me. I hate wearing this prosthesis leg (假肢).” She felt tears coming from behind her eyes. “Not being normal is the worst,” she thought to herself. Entering the Clearwater Marine Aquarium, around a corner of a tank, she noticed an animal that looked unusual. “Is that a dolphin with a a prosthetic tail instead of a real tail?” she asked an aquarium staff member. He nodded and replied, “Yes, that’s Betty. She’s a very special dolphin.” “What happened to her?” “This girl dolphin was found off the coast of Florida, caught in a crab trap. The ropes from the trap cut off the blood circulation to her tail. So she lost her tail,” Alice caught her breath. “She’s just like me.” “But she struggled to survive. Now she wears a prosthetic tail to help her swim like a dolphin’s supposed to swim,” the staff member continued. “Every day, Betty shows us anything is possible if we believe.” Alice felt her heart was touched. She waved at Betty. Looking at Alice, Betty raised her flippers(鰭), came to her and lifted her head. “She’s swimming right into my arms,” Alice said tearfully. They made eye contact. She seemed to be speaking to Alice: We’re the same. Back home, all Alice talked about was Betty. For two weeks, she cried and begged her mother to take her back to Clearwater. Unfortunately, another blow hit Alice. She fell on the hardwood floor at home and broke her other leg. Alice suffered the pain in her leg. After a through examination, the doctor explained bad news to them that she would need some surgery on her leg. Years of a living hell (地狱) came back to her. She started fearing surgery again and refused to go to hospital for treatment. 注意：1.续写词数应为150左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 “How can I persuade Alice to undergo the surgery?” Alice’s mom said to herself. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Encouraged by Betty, Alice changed her mind and did what her mother and doctor had told her to. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$