定语从句 课件-2025-2026学年初高中英语衔接复习专项

定 语 从 句 Part one 定语和定语从句 GUESS GAME 1 4 一个女生 1 5 5 1 6 一个漂亮的女生 1 7 1 8 一个漂亮的穿着长裙的女生 1 9 1 10 一个漂亮的穿着长裙的爱跳舞的女生 11 1 12 一个漂亮的穿着长裙的爱跳舞的女生。 一个女生。 一个漂亮的女生。 一个漂亮的穿着长裙的女生。 什么是定语？ 1 13 定语是修饰_____________的；定语可以_________名词的范围。 定语翻译为：______ 定语可以由哪些成分构成？ 什么是定语？ 名词 缩小 ……的 或代词 1 14 美国恐怖故事 American Horrible Stories 形容词作定语 a beautiful girl a little red flower a big face 1 15 名词作定语 a lemon tree a snow man a sports meeting 1 16 介词短语作定语 the birds in the nest Men in black the cats on the chair Cinderella is a beautiful girl who wears a long dress and loves dancing. 灰姑娘是一个漂亮的穿着长裙的爱跳舞的女生。 定语从句 定语是修饰______________的；定语可以_______名词的范围。 名词或代词 缩小 定语翻译为：______ ……的 定语可以由：_______、_____、__________、_______等构成。 名词 形容词 介词短语 句子 前置定语 后置定语 何为定语？ 何为定语从句？ 从句：大句套小句。 定语从句：一个从句跟在名词或代词之后，进行修饰和限定。 判断划线部分是否为 定语？ 1.宅男 2.愤怒的葡萄 3.石头缝儿里蹦出来的猴子 4.Nobody knows exactly when it began. 5.The policeman, who caught the thief, is his uncle. 圈出以下各句子划线部分 的定语。 1.What an amazing story. 2.I am looking for something cheap. 3.I will meet you in the café next to the theatre. 4.We were given a lovely double room, which had a sea view. Part two 关系代词引导的定语从句 The glass shoes that Cinderella wears looks beautiful. 先行词 关系词 定语从句 定语从句=先行词+关系词+从句 先行词：被从句修饰的名词或代词。 关系词：位于先行词和从句之间，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 关系词常有三个作用： (1). 连接作用，连接主句和从句； (2). 指代先行词； (3). 在从句中充当成分。 ① who指人，作定语从句的主语或宾语. The girl who dances with prince is Cinderella. The girl is a Cinderella. The girl dances with prince . 作主语 可省略 ② whom指人，作定语从句的宾语。 There is nobody whom Cinderella can turn to for help. There is nobody. Cinderella can turn to nobody for help. 作宾语 可省略 ③ that即可指人也可指物， 可以作定语从句的主语和宾语. There is nobody (whom / that ) Cinderella can turn to for help. 可省略 作主语 作宾语 The girl who / that dances with prince is Cinderella. ④ which指物，作定语从句的主语或宾语. The glass shoes (that/which) Cinderella wears looks beautiful. Cinderella has a pair of glass shoes which/that has many diamonds. 作主语 作宾语 可省略 ⑤ whose 作定语从句的定语. Finally, the prince found the girl whose shoes were lost Finally, the prince found the girl. The girl's shoes were lost. 作定语 Cinderella has a pair of shoes whose diamonds are shining. Cinderella has a pair of shoes. The diamonds of which are shining. 作定语 31 关系代词 关系代词 指代先行词 在从句中成分 人 人 物 物 who that which 主，宾 主，宾 主，宾 whom whose 人 人 物 宾 定 指出关系代词在定语从句中的成分 1.The man who came to our school is Mr. Wang. 2.The girl (whom) I met is Lucy. 3.A child whose parents are dead is called Tom. 4.I like the book (which) you bought yesterday. 主语 宾语 定语 宾语 单项选择 Exercise 2.Do you know the man_______ Tom saved in the fire? A. whose B. it C. when D. whom 3.People ______ overweight need more water than thin people. A. who are B. which are C. that is D. who is 1.Tom couldn’t stop thinking about the boy _____ made him a fool in the whole of class. A. whom B. which C. what D. who 4，Not all children _____ watch this video will become a scientist, but some may become interested in science. A, whose B, which C, whom D, who 5，Sitting down after a walk is relaxing. But would you like to sit on a seat ______ tell you your weight? A, / B, who C, whom D, that 6，On Monday April 15, 2019, the fire______ broke out in Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris shocked the world. A, that B, who C, where D, what 填空 1. Do you know the boy _____________ cut down the tree? 2. Do you know the boy___________________ the man is talking to ? 3. We like the boy _____________ is honest. who / that who /whom/ that /省略 who / that Part three 只用that的特殊情况 1.先行词是不定代词 everything, nothing, anything, all, little，much, few, any, the one等 Why are you laughing? Do you have anything that you want to share with us? 2. 先行词被形容词最高级或者序数词修饰 The second sloth that is yawning is so cute. This is the slowest animal I’ve ever seen. 3. 先行词被 the only，the very修饰 It is the only pet that I ever raised. That is the very dog that loves laughing. 4. 先行词既有人又有物时 They talked for about half an hour of things and persons that they remembered in the school. 5. 句中已有who, which时 只用that,不用which 口诀：只最序不定代 人和物同时在 1.She is the most beautiful girl_____ joined the club. 2.This is the second movie _____ I watched in this month. 3.That is the very man ________ can make the pig smile. 1.He did all / everything _______he could to help me. 2.This is the very thing _______ I am after. 3.We talked about the men and the things_______ we remembered at school. 4.He is the only man ____________ can do the work. that that that that/who Part five 介词+which/whom引导的定语从句 “prep+关系代词” I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was, she had run back in the direction from which she had come. Socialites usually identify their best friend as someone with whom they can share something. 既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句,关系代词主要有which, whom ①根据先行词来确定 The farm ____________ we worked ten years ago isn’t what it used to be. He will never forget the day _________ he failed in the exam. 介词的选择原则“一先二动三意义” on which on which Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill ________ school education depends. This is the house ________ we lived last year. ②根据定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词确定 on which in which Air, ______________ man can’t live, is really important. The pen _____________he is writing now was bought yesterday. ③根据定语从句所表达的意义来确定 without which with which ①一般情况下，介词放在关系代词which和whom之前，也可放在动词后。 This is the room in which I lived. This is the room which I lived in. 介词的位置 ②固定搭配的动词短语中的介词一般不能提前.常见的这类动词短语有: look for/after/forward to、take care of、hear from 等. This is the right place I’m looking for. The girl whom he is looking after is his sister. 介词的位置 1.  Do you like the book _____ which she spent $10? 2.  Do you like the book ______which she paid $10? 3.  Do you like the book ______ which she learned a lot? 4.  Do you like the book _______ which she often talks? Practice on for from about 5. The man _____ whom I spoke on the phone last night is very good at writing. 6. Glasses, ________ which I can’t see clearly, are really important for me. 7. China is a beautiful country, _____ which we are proud. 8. This is the tree ______ which we used to play games. Practice to without of under ① the +n. + of +关系代词 whose= the +n.+ of which (物）/ the+ n. + of+ whom (人） 1. This is the teacher whose daughter is a famous doctor. =This is the teacher ,____________________is a famous doctor. Prep+关系代词表所属 the daughter of whom 2. He lived in the room whose window faces south. = He lived in the room,______________________ faces south. the window of which ② 数词+of+ 关系代词 （数词包含基数词，序数词，分数，百分数） We have three foreign teachers, ____________（两个都） are from Canada. Prep+关系代词表所属 two of whom ③pron. + of + 关系代词 (代词有all、both、none、 neither、either、some等） The old woman has two sons, _____________（两者都） are teachers. both of whom ④形容词最高级+ prep +关系代词 China has thousands of islands, __________________ is Taiwan Island. Prep+关系代词表所属 the largest of which It is reported that two schools, both of _______ are being built in my hometown, will open next year. He wrote many children’s book, nearly half of ________ were published in the 1990s. Who can give me the reason ____________ he hasn’t turned up yet? which which for which Practice 1. He has two children, and both of _____ are abroad. A. them B. which C. whom D. who 2. He has two children, both of _____ are abroad. A. them B. which C. whom D. who 3. He has two children, both of ______ being abroad. A. them B. which C. whom D. who A C A Practice Part five 关系副词引导的定语从句 Review 1.He is a man who is dressed in red clothes. 2.He is a man whom I talked with. 3.He lives in a house which is surrounded by water. 4.He eats a fish (which) he caught in the hole for dinner. 5.We can see many photos that are on the wall. 6.Do you like this teacher (that) you are looking at now. 7.There is a beautiful girl whose name is xiao wei. 8.The book whose cover is green is mine. 关系代词 可指代 从句中的成分 who whom which that whose 人 主语、宾语 人 宾语 物 主语、宾语 人、物 主语、宾语 人、物 定语 This is the place which we visited last summer. which在从句中所作的成分是： This is the place where I was born. where在从句中所作的成分是： 宾语 地点状语 Conclusion:which,that,who,whom,whose等关系代词在从句中作_____________________;而when,where,why等关系副词在从句中作____________________________ 主语、宾语、定语 时间状语、地点状语、原因状语 Comparison Analyze and Summarize 1. This is the Clawtooth Mountain(爪牙山). Arlo lives in the Clawtooth Mountain. This is the Clawtooth Mountain Arlo lives. This is the Clawtooth Mountain Arlo lives. 先行词 where in which on which where 2. This is the silo(粮仓)。 Arlo tries to make a mark on the silo. This is the silo Arlo tries to make a mark. This is the silo Arlo tries to make a mark. 先行词 3. The days are gone forever. Arlo lives happily with its father during those days. The days Arlo lives happily with its father are gone. The days Arlo lives happily with its father are gone. 先行词 when during which at which when 4. Arlo is afraid of the moment. Arlo needs to feed the chickens at that moment. Arlo is afraid of the moment he needs to feed the chickens. Arlo is afraid of the moment he needs to feed the chickens. 先行词 Note2:关系副词when引导的定语从句修饰表示_____的名词，并在定语从句中作______________,相当于“介词+_______________”。 时间 时间状语 关系代词 for which why 5. That is the reason. Arlo hates the wild man for that reason. That is the reason Arlo hates the wild man. That is the reason Arlo hates the wild man. 先行词 关系副词 相当于 被代替的先行词 在从句中作成分 where when why 介词+which 地点名词 介词+which 地点状语 时间名词 时间状语 for+which reason 原因状语 Exercises 用关系副词或者代词填空 1.The reason_______he didn’t come to class is that he was ill. 2.The reason_______________he told me yesterday is a lie. 3.The story happened on the day_____________was wet and cold. 4.The story happened on the day_______the weather was wet and old. 5.The place______________interests the children most is Disneyland. 6.The place_________ you stayed for three years is now turned to be a park. why (that/which) which/that when which/that where Attention 1.We have reached a point________a change is needed. 2.He gets into a situation________it is hard to decide what is right or wrong. where where 当先行词是表达抽象地点时的名词时（如case,state,condition,point,situation等）且关系词在从句中作地点状语时，定语从句用____________引导。 where Part six 非限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句的特点 例：Davis wanted to visit Dr Yuan’s new farm, where the seawater rice was grown. 从句和主句用逗号隔开。 形式 意义 从句与先行词的关系不十分密切，只是对修饰词作进一步说明，去掉之后并不影响整句意思。   考点一 1. that、why不能用来引导非限制性定语从句。 Our guide, who was a Canadian, was an excellent cook. These apple trees, which I planted three years ago, have not borne any fruit. 考点一 指人 指物 2. which在非限制性定语从句中，既可以指代前面的某个名词，也可以指代整个句子的内容。 I bought a novel yesterday, which was written by Mark Twin. One of the boys kept laughing, which made Jane upset. 考点二 指前面名词 指前面句子 考点三 3. 非限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词不能省略。 The result of the experiment was very good, which we hadn’t expected. This is my pair of glasses, without which I cannot see clearly. 考点三 考点四 4. when，where， who， whom引导非限制性定语从句时，用法及差异和他们在限制性定语从句中相同。 This is my hometown where I spent my childhood. After graduation，I decided to stay in Chongqing, where I spent my childhood. 考点四 1. Lily was always talking about her wealthy husband, ______ of course, made the other ladies unhappy. 解析：在非限制性定语从句中，指代前面整个句子，用关系代词which。 语法填空 考点追击 which 2. There are 50 students in our class, two thirds of _____ are girls. 解析：在非限制性定语从句中，指代人，介词的后面只能用关系代词whom。 whom 3. He wants to be a scientist, _______ I think is impossible. 解析：在非限制性定语从句中，指代前面整个句子，用关系代词which。 which 限制性和非限制性定从的区别 80 区别一 1. 限制性定语从句一般是紧跟先行词之后，不用逗号隔开； 非限制性定语从句用逗号和主句隔开。 例：This is the city where he used to live. I returned to my hometown, where I spent my childhood. 形式不同 区别二 Davis wanted to visit the farm where the seawater rice was grown. 戴维斯想参观种植海水稻的农场。 Davis wanted to visit Dr Yuan’s new farm, where the seawater rice was grown. 戴维斯想参观袁博士的新农场， 那里种了海水稻。 作用不同 2. 限制性定语从句对被修饰词有限定的作用，不能去掉，否则句意不完整； 非限制性定语从句对先行词进行附加说明，去掉也不影响意思完整。 （不能省略，否则句意不完整） （附加说明，可省略） 区别三 3. 限制性定语从句中先行词是名词、代词或名词短语； 非限制性定语从句中的先行词还可以是整个句子。 例：Johnson’ s father bought him a new bike, which made the boy excited for a long time. 先行词范围不同 （先行词为整个句子） 区别四 4. 限制性定语从句的引导词是所有的关系代词和关系副词； 非限制定语从句中不能使用that和why; 另外，前者引导词可省略，后者不可以省略。 例： The man (whom) you are waiting for has gone home. The man, whom you are waiting for, has gone home. 引导词不同 区别五 5. 限制性定语从句常翻译成“......的+先行词”； 而非限制定语从句和主句是并列关系，翻译成“先行词+定语从句”。 翻译形式不同 例： Davis wanted to visit the farm where the seawater rice was grown. Davis wanted to visit Dr. Yuan’s new farm, where the seawater rice was grown. 1. After the flooding, people were suffering in that area, _____ urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive. 解析：非限制性定语从句中缺主语，先行词是people，所以用关系代词who引导，不能用that。 语法填空 考点追击 who 2. The boy thought the earth is bigger than the sun, _____ is not right. 解析：非限制性定语从句中先行词是整个句子，关系代词用which。 which Part seven 非限制性定语从句 难点1 1. The factory was built in a secret place, around which ______ high mountains. 巩固： (1)The murder happened in an old building, beside which ______ the city police station. (2)Next month we’ll move to a new building, next to which ______ a nice restaurant ______ we can have Chinese food. 难点1: 定语从句中的主谓一致 are is is where He had a lot of friends, only a few of _______ invited to his wedding. He had a lot of friends, only a few of ________ were invited to his wedding. 巩固： (1) I finish my homework at 10:30, after _________ I lie down enjoying some music. (2) George, with ________ I played tennis on Sundays, was a out-spoken boy. 难点2:代词与定语从句中的关系代词的区别 them whom which whom (3) They put forward a lot of study schedules at home, none of ________ carried out in their work. (4) They put forward a lot of study schedules at home, but none of ________ were carried out in their work. (5) They put forward a lot of study schedules at home, none of ________ were carried out in their work. them them which 3. The second is connected with the use ______________ the body makes of food. 巩固： (1) Why can’t you realize the part _____________ they have played in our life? (2) Thank you for the difficulty ____________ you have had painting the house. 难点3: 固定动宾搭配中的定语从句 (that/which) (that/which) (that/which) David is such a diligent boy ______ all the teachers like. David is so diligent a boy ______ all the teachers like him. 巩固： (1) I find it the same museum ______ I paid a visit to last year. (2) It was not such a good dinner ______ she had promised us. 难点4: 带such/so/ as/ the same的定语从句 as that that as $$