精品解析：北京市昌平区2024-2025学年高二下学期期末英语试题

2025北京昌平高二(下)期末 英语 本试卷共 12 页，共 100 分。考试时长 90 分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将答题卡交回。 第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30 分) 第一节(共 10 小题;每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Nothing cuts deeper than the loss of a beloved family member. Margaret a mother of two, knew that ____1____ all too well. She just said goodbye to her husband. Her sons, Luke and Nathan, couldn’t stand to see her lost in sorrow. One evening, as they sat together leafing through a family album (相册), they gently asked her about places she had always dreamed of visiting. Margaret smiled ____2____, her fingers touching an old photo. “I still remember this place,” she ____3____, voice breaking. “It’s where I met your father.” Luke and Nathan exchanged a glance — a (n) ____4____ plan already forming between them. The next morning, Margaret found a ____5____ waiting for her: a plane ticket to that very city on the kitchen table. Two days later, she boarded the plane. As her journey began, theirs did too. Their plan? To finish the home renovations (翻新) their father had started before he fell ill — and to transform the house into a space that Margaret could find ____6____ in again. The brothers repaired walls, replaced old furniture, painted every room, and even brought in comfortable new pieces to ____7____ the living spaces. Finally, the day arrived. When their mom returned, she stood ____8____ in front of her house. “Mom,” Nathan said, “this is what Dad wanted to finish for you.” Margaret was so moved, but her sons weren’t done yet. They gently blindfolded her and ____9____ her to the master bedroom. When they lifted the cloth, Margaret saw a breathtaking gallery of valuable family photos. Margaret broke down in tears, overwhelmed (淹没) with ____10____ and love. It was her boys that taught her the most profound lesson that even in life’s ruins, love finds ways to rebuild. 1. A. anger B. pain C. doubt D. guilt 2. A. brightly B. coldly C. sadly D. nervously 3. A. called B. complained C. joked D. whispered 4. A. urgent B. unspoken C. detailed D. reasonable 5. A. reward B. promise C. surprise D. challenge 6. A. comfort B. pride C. ambition D. confidence 7. A. refresh B. expand C. clean D. occupy 8. A. humble B. dignified C. frozen D. firm 9. A. guided B. pushed C. followed D. hurried 10. A. trust B. forgiveness C. faith D. gratitude 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D 4. B 5. C 6. A 7. A 8. C 9. A 10. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Margaret在失去丈夫后陷入悲痛，她的两个儿子通过翻新房屋和制作家庭照片画廊来安慰母亲，让她重新感受到爱和温暖的故事。 【1题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Margaret是两个孩子的母亲，她对这种痛苦再清楚不过了。A. anger愤怒；B. pain痛苦；C. doubt怀疑；D. guilt内疚。根据前文“Nothing cuts deeper than the loss of a beloved family member.”可知，失去心爱的家人是痛苦的。故选B。 【2题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：Margaret悲伤地笑了，手指触摸着一张旧照片。A. brightly明亮地；B. coldly冷漠地；C. sadly悲伤地；D. nervously紧张地。根据前文“Her sons, Luke and Nathan, couldn’t stand to see her lost in sorrow.”可知，Margaret失去丈夫后很悲伤，所以此处指她悲伤地笑了。故选C。 【3题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我还记得这个地方，”她低声说，声音哽咽。A. called打电话；B. complained抱怨；C. joked开玩笑；D. whispered低语。根据后文“voice breaking”可知，Margaret声音哽咽，所以此处指她低声说。故选D。 【4题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Luke和Nathan交换了一下眼神 —— 他们之间已经形成了一个未说出口的计划。A. urgent紧急的；B. unspoken未说出口的；C. detailed详细的；D. reasonable合理的。根据前文“Luke and Nathan exchanged a glance”可知，Luke和Nathan交换了一下眼神，说明他们之间已经形成了一个未说出口的计划。故选B。 【5题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：第二天早上，Margaret发现有一个惊喜在等着她：厨房桌子上放着一张去那个城市的机票。A. reward奖励；B. promise承诺；C. surprise惊喜；D. challenge挑战。根据后文“a plane ticket to that very city on the kitchen table”可知，厨房桌子上放着一张机票，这是Luke和Nathan给Margaret的惊喜。故选C。 【6题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们的计划？完成他们父亲生病前开始的房屋翻新工作，并把房子变成一个能让Margaret再次感到舒适的地方。A. comfort舒适；B. pride骄傲；C. ambition野心；D. confidence信心。根据前文“to transform the house into a space”可知，Luke和Nathan翻新房屋是为了让Margaret再次感到舒适。故选A。 【7题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：兄弟俩修理墙壁，更换旧家具，粉刷每个房间，甚至还搬来了舒适的新家具来让生活空间焕然一新。A. refresh使恢复精力，使变新；B. expand扩大；C. clean打扫；D. occupy占据。根据前文“brought in comfortable new pieces”可知，兄弟俩搬来了舒适的新家具，让房屋看起来焕然一新。故选A。 【8题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当他们的妈妈回来时，她呆呆地站在房子前面。A. humble谦逊的；B. dignified庄重的；C. frozen呆住的；D. firm坚定的。根据后文“When their mom returned, she stood”可知，Margaret看到翻新后的房屋，呆呆地站在房子前面。故选C。 【9题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们轻轻地蒙上她的眼睛，把她带到主卧室。A. guided引导；B. pushed推；C. followed跟随；D. hurried匆忙。根据前文“They gently blindfolded her”可知，他们轻轻地蒙上Margaret的眼睛，然后引导她到主卧室。故选A。 【10题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Margaret泪流满面，心中充满了感激和爱。A. trust信任；B. forgiveness原谅；C. faith信仰；D. gratitude感激。根据前文“Margaret saw a breathtaking gallery of valuable family photos.”可知，Margaret看到家庭照片画廊后，心中充满了感激和爱。故选D。 第二节(共 10 小题;每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分) A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 One hundred metres above the earth, the man who could fly moved his large white wings gently backwards and forwards. It was very quiet up there, and the air was clean and fresh. When he looked down, he could see the village ____11____ he lived. If he turned his head, he could see fields with cows and sheep in them. He moved his wings a little ____12____ (fast) and rose higher. He could see even more. He could fly quite easily at this height, but ____13____ (look) down at the ground so far below him always made him feel strange. 【答案】11. where 12. faster 13. looking 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个会飞的人在空中飞行时的所见所感。 【11题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：当他向下看时，能看到他居住的村庄。空处引导定语从句，先行词为the village，表地点，在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导，故填where。 12题详解】 考查副词比较级。句意：他把翅膀挥动得更快了一点，升得更高了。由“and rose higher”可知，此处存在与之前动作的比较，空处应用副词比较级faster，表示“更快地”。故填faster。 【13题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：他在这个高度可以很轻松地飞行，但向下看这么远的地面总是让他感觉奇怪。空处作主语，表示持续性或一般性的动作，应用动名词形式looking作主语。故填looking。 B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Li Bai, one of China’s greatest poets, ____14____ (write) poetry during the Tang Dynasty. Li Bai’s poems were about beautiful natural scenes and the people who touched his heart. As a boy, Li Bai lived in Sichuan ____15____ his family. At the age of 25, he began travelling around the country. He made friends with scholars and kept journals. His travels were the basis for his works of more than 2,000 poems, of ____16____ about 1,800 are still read today. 【答案】14. wrote 15. with 16. which 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国最伟大的诗人之一李白，包括他的生活背景、旅行经历以及他的诗歌创作和影响。 【14题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：李白是中国最伟大的诗人之一，在唐朝写诗。根据“during the Tang Dynasty”可知，句子描述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，动词使用过去式。故填wrote。 【15题详解】 考查介词。句意：李白小时候和家人一起住在四川。根据句意表示“和……一起”，应用介词with。故填with。 【16题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：他旅行是他2000多首诗歌的基础，其中约1800首至今仍被传诵。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词poems，指物，在定语从句中作介词of的宾语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 UNESCO has recognized three traditional Chinese health practices — Tai Chi, medicinal bathing of Xizang, and acupuncture (针灸) as Intangible Cultural Heritage (非物质文化遗产). These practices ___17___ (hand) down from generation to generation in China, representing a unique wisdom and approach to maintaining physical and mental health. Tai Chi, ____18____ (know) for its gentle and flowing movements, combines deep breathing and mindful movement. Medicinal bathing of Xizang, using natural hot springs and herbs, ____19____ (believe) to cleanse the body and balance qi. Acupuncture, a form of alternative medicine, involves inserting thin needles into specific body points ____20____ (relieve) pain and restore energy flow. 【答案】17. have been handed##are handed 18. known 19. is believed 20. to relieve 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了联合国教科文组织将太极、西藏药浴和针灸三种中国传统养生方法列为非物质文化遗产，并分别介绍了这三种养生方法的特点和作用。 【17题详解】 考查动词时态和语态。句意：这些做法在中国代代相传，代表着维护身心健康的一种独特智慧和方法。根据句意可知，这些做法是从过去一直传承到现在，所以可用现在完成时，主语These practices和动词hand down为被动关系，需用被动语态，且主语为复数，助动词用have。也可以用一般现在时的被动语态，表示客观事实，系动词用are。故填have been handed/are handed。 【18题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：太极拳以其轻柔流畅的动作而闻名，结合了深呼吸和专注的动作。空处为非谓语动词作定语，Tai Chi与know之间是被动关系，应使用过去分词形式，be known for是固定短语，意为 “因……而闻名”。故填known。 【19题详解】 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：西藏药浴，利用天然温泉和草药，被认为可以清洁身体和平衡气血。此处陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语Medicinal bathing of Xizang与believe之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，且Medicinal bathing of Xizang为单数名词，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式，be believed to do为固定用法，意为“被认为……”。故填is believed。 【20题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：针灸是一种替代医学，包括将细针插入特定的身体点以缓解疼痛和恢复能量流动。此处是非谓语动词做状语，表示目的，用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to relieve。 第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38 分) 第一节(共 14 小题;每小题 2 分，共 28 分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Dear Ms. Smith, Thank you so much for interviewing me for the open sales position. I truly appreciate the time you spent explaining the hiring process and how your training program works. It was attractive to hear about the innovative approaches your company takes in developing its sales team. You are clearly very knowledgeable about sales and marketing, and your enthusiasm for the field was evident throughout our conversation. During the interview, I was particularly impressed by the emphasis you placed on continuous learning and growth. Your innovative training program, which includes hands-on workshops and mentorship (导师制) opportunities, made me very interested. I enjoy working in sales and believe I would be an excellent fit for the position. I thrive in challenging environments, and I’m excited about the prospect of applying my skills in a dynamic setting like yours. As we discussed, my sales numbers at my current job have increased by 50 percent over the past three years. In fact, I was at the top of our sales force last year. I achieved this by building strong relationships with clients and constantly seeking new opportunities to expand our customer base. I’m confident that combining my current experience with your training program will allow me to reach the top of your sales force as well. Thank you again for taking the time to talk to me about the position. I believe I can bring a lot of value to your company and look forward to the possibility of meeting again soon. In the meantime, please let me know if you need any additional information. Best regards, Jim Lake 21. What impressed the writer most during the interview? A. The hiring process. B. The training program. C. The interviewer’s attitude. D. The interviewer’s work style. 22. What achievement did the writer mention during the interview? A. He ranked first in his sales team last year. B. He built strong relationships with workmates. C. He expanded the customer base in a new market. D. He increased sales numbers by 50% in one year. 23. What’s the main purpose of this letter? A. To ask about company needs and check job duties. B. To show achievements and wish to get promoted. C. To express gratitude and hope to get employed. D. To discuss qualifications and ask for advice. 【答案】21. B 22. A 23. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。Jim Lake在信中感谢Ms. Smith给予的面试机会，并表达了自己对该公司销售职位的兴趣和期待。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“During the interview, I was particularly impressed by the emphasis you placed on continuous learning and growth. Your innovative training program, which includes hands-on workshops and mentorship (导师制) opportunities, made me very interested. (在面试过程中，你强调的持续学习和成长给我留下了特别深刻的印象。你创新的培训计划，包括实践研讨会和导师制机会，让我非常感兴趣)”可知，作者在面试过程中，对培训计划印象最为深刻。故选B。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“As we discussed, my sales numbers at my current job have increased by 50 percent over the past three years. In fact, I was at the top of our sales force last year. (正如我们所讨论的，在目前的工作中，我的销售额在过去三年里增长了50%。事实上，我去年在销售团队中排名第一)”可知，作者在面试中提到了自己在去年销售团队中排名第一的成就。故选A。 【23题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Thank you so much for interviewing me for the open sales position. (非常感谢你面试我销售职位的空缺)”以及最后一段中“Thank you again for taking the time to talk to me about the position. I believe I can bring a lot of value to your company and look forward to the possibility of meeting again soon. (再次感谢您抽出时间和我谈论这个职位。我相信我能为贵公司带来很多价值，并期待着不久的将来能再次见面)”可知，这封信的主要目的是表达感激之情，并希望得到这份工作。故选C。 B “Mom, when will we live in a nice house?” 13-year-old Simon asked his mother. “It’s getting colder here.” “Very soon...” Annie said in tears. But she was aware that “very soon” would never arrive. Her salary was barely enough to afford food and education for her son. The next morning, Simon’s friends called him out to play, but the boy refused because he couldn’t be happy whenever he thought about his mom’s struggles. He went for a walk alone and was surprised looking at one boy busy putting money in a box behind his lemonade stand. He, too, wanted to set up a stand. He ran home and begged his mother for money. Later that afternoon, the boy returned home with a bunch of packets. He began digging in the garden, making several beds, and sowing seeds. “Simon, what are you doing?” Annie asked him. “Do we have time for all this? What’s wrong with you?” The boy smiled and said, “Mom, only if we sow today can we harvest tomorrow!” For the next several weeks, Simon worked very hard in his garden. His fresh garden produce was what people wanted to take home for a nutritious meal. He had used natural pesticides (农药). Annie quit her job and started to help her son by setting up a vegetable stand. Gradually, they started making more money than Simon had thought, and moved to a new house. Their stand was now bigger and attracted the town’s attention. A wealthy farmer, Alex, wanted to meet Simon to learn the tricks of the trade and to beat him in the race to fame. One day, Alex drove to his garden. He expected the smell of chemicals, but there was none. “How are you able to grow such healthy produce without pesticides?” he curiously asked the boy. Simon said, “We humans can only survive by eating food, not poison. So why feed the plants harmful chemicals?” The boy’s reply hit Alex hard in the head. He was amazed at how talented Simon was. He decided to team up with him. Simon asked for Annie’s opinions. After deep thought, Annie agreed. For the next several months, the boy balanced school and gardening on Alex’s farm while looking after his garden because he was always grateful for that. In no time, Alex and Simon’s combined efforts succeeded. Apart from selling their produce locally, they even started shipping it to neighboring states. 24. Why did Simon want to set up a stand? A. To help support the family. B. To prove his gardening skills. C. To learn the tricks of trade. D. To follow his mother’s advice. 25. How did Annie feel upon seeing Simon sowing in the garden? A. Inspired. B. Proud. C. Puzzled. D. Touched. 26. Why did Alex choose to cooperate with Simon? A. He wanted to get Simon’s secrets. B. He needed help to manage his farm. C. He sympathized with Simon’s situation. D. He valued Simon’s talent and eco-awareness. 27. What can we learn from the passage? A. Laughter is the best medicine. B Take it easy in face of challenges. C. Think carefully before taking action. D. Determination and effort fuel success. 【答案】24. A 25. C 26. D 27. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了13岁男孩Simon看到母亲辛苦维持生计后，决定通过种植和售卖有机蔬菜来帮助家庭，最终在母亲和富农Alex的帮助下取得成功的故事。 【24题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“The next morning, Simon’s friends called him out to play, but the boy refused because he couldn’t be happy whenever he thought about his mom’s struggles.(第二天早上，Simon的朋友们叫他出去玩，但男孩拒绝了，因为他一想到妈妈的挣扎就不开心)”和“He, too, wanted to set up a stand. He ran home and begged his mother for money. (他也想摆个摊。他跑回家向母亲要钱)”，第三段中“The boy smiled and said, ‘Mom, only if we sow today can we harvest tomorrow!’ (男孩笑着说：‘妈妈，只有今天播种，明天才能收获！’)”可知，Simon看到其他男孩摆摊赚钱，便也想要摆摊，目的是通过自己的努力帮助家庭改善经济状况。由此可知，Simon摆摊的目的是为了帮助养家。故选A。 【25题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“‘Simon, what are you doing?’ Annie asked him. ‘Do we have time for all this? What’s wrong with you?’(‘Simon，你在干什么？’ Annie问他。‘我们有时间做这些吗？你怎么了？’)”可知，当Annie看到Simon在花园里播种时，她感到困惑，不明白Simon为什么在这个时候做这些事情。由此可知，Annie看到Simon在花园里播种时感到困惑。故选C。 【26题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段中“‘How are you able to grow such healthy produce without pesticides?’ he curiously asked the boy. Simon said, ‘We humans can only survive by eating food, not poison. So why feed the plants harmful chemicals?’ (‘你怎么能在不使用农药的情况下种出这么健康的农产品？’他好奇地问男孩。Simon说：‘我们人类只能靠吃食物生存，而不是靠吃毒药。那为什么要给植物喂有害的化学物质呢？’)”以及第六段中“The boy’s reply hit Alex hard in the head. He was amazed at how talented Simon was. He decided to team up with him. (男孩的回答给了Alex重重的一击。他对Simon的天赋感到惊讶。他决定和他合作)”可知，Alex对Simon不用农药种植健康蔬菜的做法感到惊讶，并欣赏他的材能和环保意识，因此决定与他合作。由此可知，Alex选择与Simon合作是因为他重视Simon的材能和生态意识。故选D。 【27题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章内容，尤其是第四段中“For the next several weeks, Simon worked very hard in his garden. His fresh garden produce was what people wanted to take home for a nutritious meal. He had used natural pesticides (农药). (在接下来的几个星期里，Simon在花园里非常努力地工作。他种出的新鲜蔬菜是人们想要带回家作为营养餐的。他使用了天然农药)”以及最后一段“For the next several months, the boy balanced school and gardening on Alex’s farm while looking after his garden because he was always grateful for that. In no time, Alex and Simon’s combined efforts succeeded. Apart from selling their produce locally, they even started shipping it to neighboring states. (在接下来的几个月里，这个男孩在Alex的农场里兼顾学业和园艺，同时还照料着自己的花园，因为他一直心存感激。没过多久，Alex和Simon的共同努力就取得了成功。除了在当地销售他们的农产品外，他们甚至开始将其运往邻近各州)”可知，Simon看到母亲辛苦维持生计后，决定通过种植和售卖有机蔬菜来帮助家庭。尽管面临诸多困难，他依然坚持努力，最终在母亲和Alex的帮助下取得了成功。由此可知，文章通过Simon的故事告诉我们：决心和努力是成功的关键，即“Determination and effort fuel success.”。故选D。 C Humanoids are rapidly progressing from science fiction to reality, transforming industries ranging from manufacturing (制造业) to medicine and more. In robotics, the word humanoid typically refers to a robot that has a torso (躯干), a head, two arms, and two legs. But the concept extends beyond looks. A humanoid robot actually includes human - like movement, interactive capabilities and design philosophy. With sensors, actuators (执行器), and advanced control systems to walk, grasp objects, and interact, the robots, powered by artificial intelligence (AI), can process speech, recognize faces, and adapt to new surroundings. Their design enables them to use man - made tools and function in human-designed spaces. Humanoid robots are available in diverse configurations (构造) tailored to their movement capabilities and intended application. The major categories include leg-based humanoids well adapted to more dynamic environments and wheel-based robots that are optimized for flat, stable ground. For example, Bipedal Robots are built to move around on two legs, copying human balance and the way of walking. Bipedal configurations are common in the research platforms where human-like movement is necessary. Some other robots combine a humanoid upper body with wheel-based movement. This allows for higher efficiency on level or indoor surfaces while still allowing the robots to perform tasks designed for human use. At their core, humanoid robots bring together hardware and software to copy human ability. High-definition cameras, microphones, and touch sensors allow robots to sense the world around them. Copying muscles and joints, actuators allow for smooth, coordinated movement. Advanced designs often use multiple actuators per joint to achieve human-like precision and flexibility. Integrated control architectures, often powered by AI and machine learning, coordinate the sensory inputs and outputs to actuators, preserving dynamic balance and adaptive behavior. Decision-making is driven by AI algorithms that learn from real and simulated data to improve over time. This enables humanoid robots to interact naturally with humans and handle complex tasks. Humanoid robots are gaining more useful applications across industries. Some robots are being designed to undertake repetitive, dangerous, or highly precise tasks in manufacturing. From the hospital to the nursing home, humanoid robots serve as caregivers and assistants for patient recovery, and even help with daily care activities. Also, humanoid robots are used by most schools in order to conduct research on biomechanics, cognitive science, and robotics control. Some companies are researching home-assistance designs where robots do the household chores, like cleaning, cooking, or even companionship. The cost of a humanoid robot varies significantly based on several determining factors. One of the factors is that humanoid robotics is a relatively new field. The production runs tend to be low during its early phase, while the research and development costs are high. Therefore, early models are costly due to the use of new components and low economies of scale. 28. What is the main idea of Paragraph 3? A. How does a humanoid robot work? B. How does a humanoid robot get upgraded? C. How is a humanoid robot categorized? D. How is a humanoid robot applied in daily life? 29. What can be learnt about humanoid robots from the passage? A. They are better at creative jobs than repetitive ones. B. Bipedal Robots are designed for stable ground environments. C. Their rapid research and development comes from low costs. D. They have human form and carry out tasks meant for humans. 30. Which would be the best title for the passage? A. Humanoid Robots: Designing for Human Interaction B. Humanoid Robots: Uniting Man, Machine and the Future C. Humanoid Robots: Facing More Challenges in a Smarter Future D. Humanoid Robots: High-Efficiency Solutions to Manufacturing 【答案】28. A 29. D 30. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了类人机器人从科幻走向现实，在多个行业带来变革，包括其定义、构造、工作原理、应用领域、成本以及发展前景等。 【28题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第三段中“At their core, humanoid robots bring together hardware and software to copy human ability. (类人机器人的核心是集软硬件于一体，以模仿人类的能力)”点明了本段主旨，接着详细阐述了类人机器人如何通过硬件 (如高清摄像头、麦克风、触摸传感器、执行器等）和软件（如集成控制架构、人工智能和机器学习算法等) 来模仿人类感知世界、运动、决策等能力，即介绍了类人机器人的工作原理。所以本段主要讲的是类人机器人是如何工作的。故选A。 【29题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Some robots are being designed to undertake repetitive, dangerous, or highly precise tasks in manufacturing. From the hospital to the nursing home, humanoid robots serve as caregivers and assistants for patient recovery, and even help with daily care activities. (一些机器人被设计用于在制造业中承担重复性、危险性或高度精确的任务。从医院到养老院，类人机器人作为护理者和助手帮助患者康复，甚至协助日常护理活动)”以及“Some companies are researching home-assistance designs where robots do the household chores, like cleaning, cooking, or even companionship. (一些公司正在研究家庭辅助设计，让机器人做家务，比如打扫卫生、做饭，甚至陪伴)”可知，类人机器人有人类外形，能执行人类的任务。故选D。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Humanoids are rapidly progressing from science fiction to reality, transforming industries ranging from manufacturing (制造业) to medicine and more. (类人机器人正迅速从科幻走向现实，改变着从制造业到医学等多个行业)”，接着介绍了类人机器人的定义、构造、工作原理、应用领域等，如第二段中“Humanoid robots are available in diverse configurations (构造) tailored to their movement capabilities and intended application. (类人机器人有多种不同的构造，可根据其运动能力和预期应用进行定制)”、第四段中“Humanoid robots are gaining more useful applications across industries.(类人机器人正在各个行业获得更多有用的应用)”，最后提到类人机器人成本高以及未来有发展潜力等内容，如最后一段中“The cost of a humanoid robot varies significantly based on several determining factors.(类人机器人的成本因几个决定性因素而有很大差异)”、“Therefore, early models are costly due to the use of new components and low economies of scale. (因此，早期型号由于使用新组件和规模经济较低而成本高昂)”，整体围绕类人机器人将人类、机器和未来联系在一起展开。所以B项“Humanoid Robots: Uniting Man, Machine and the Future (类人机器人：将人类、机器和未来联系在一起)”是本文最佳标题。故选B。 D “Know thyself” is the most famous saying of Greek philosophy. The idea of self-knowledge is so foundational to a meaningful existence. In his tragedy (悲剧) Thyestes, the Stoic philosopher Seneca writes, “Death lies heavily on him / Who, though to all the world well known, / Is stranger to himself alone.” And as Shakespeare asserts in his comedy As You Like It, “The fool doth think he is wise, but the wise man /knows himself to be a fool.” What exactly does it mean to know yourself? For neuroscientists, self-knowledge is the combination of two forms of information, your own self-beliefs and your perceptions of how others view you. This technical definition of self-knowledge concerns only the mechanisms involved and does not say anything about the quality of the information. In effect, if you think you’re a rooster and believe others see you as one too, that counts as self-knowledge. However, I strongly question that the thinkers at Greece had a bit more in mind than this; they no doubt meant “Know thyself accurately.” That is a much taller order, requiring a huge quantity of truthful information about your inner states — attitudes, beliefs, emotions, and motives. Accurate self-knowledge also means avoiding mistakes and correcting illusions, being completely honest with yourself, and predicting how you will feel and react in the future. By this impossibly strict standard, we probably all overestimate our capacity for accurate self-knowledge. Psychological experiments have revealed that ratings of one’s own self-assessments are “moderate to poor” in accuracy and are generally less sound than external evaluations. One reason is that we’re likely to make cognitive (认知的) errors about what we see happening in our lives. Researchers have found that humans are easy to miss seeing our problems, mistakes, and opportunities. Many things in our lives go unnoticed because we don’t know the language for them or don’t understand them. This is called hypo-cognition, a deficit of cognition. In studies exploring this phenomenon, British participants were more likely to notice cheese than Asian dumplings in their daily lives, while Chinese participants noticed the reverse. Much of our self-knowledge deficit comes from willful ignorance. Psychologists have long observed the human tendency to use motivated reasoning to reassure ourselves that our opinions are right, to ignore critical self-reflective information, and generally to maintain positive illusions and find ways to avoid facing reality-based negative emotions. So basic and necessary to our being are these traits that collectively they have been called our “psychological immune system.” This characteristic rationalizing is almost certainly based in our biology. This human capacity to maintain ignorance in the face of potentially negative self-knowledge might make you more comfortable in the short term, but it leads to many missed opportunities for greater well-being and success in the long run. Research has shown that more honest self-awareness — of both positive and negative information — improves self-development because you know what to improve. This enables better personal decision making rooted in accurate information, especially when striving toward goals. 31. The author mentions Seneca and Shakespeare mainly to ______. A. draw a comparison B. give a suggestion C. explain a concept D. strengthen an argument 32. As for the definition of self-knowledge from neuroscientists, the author is ______. A. appreciative B. suspicious C. unconcerned D. neutral 33. What does the term “hypo-cognition” underlined in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A. The inability to process truthful information. B. The refusal to reflect on negative information. C. The lack of concepts to describe specific experiences. D. The tendency to spot cultural differences in perception. 34. It is implied in this passage that we should ______. A. focus on negative rather than positive feedback B. follow the beliefs and emotions of our internal states C. stop making excuses for unfavorable self-knowledge D. spare no effort to get rid of imperfect self-knowledge 【答案】31. D 32. B 33. C 34. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章探讨了自我认知的重要性、定义以及人类在自我认知方面的局限性和改进方法。 【31题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“‘Know thyself’ is the most famous saying of Greek philosophy. The idea of self-knowledge is so foundational to a meaningful existence. (‘认识你自己’是希腊哲学中最著名的格言。自我认知的理念是有意义的存在的基础)”接着引用了哲学家Seneca和Shakespeare的话来强调自我认知的重要性。由此可知，作者提到Seneca和Shakespeare是为了加强“自我认知是有意义的存在的基础”这一论点。故选D。 【32题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“For neuroscientists, self-knowledge is the combination of two forms of information, your own self-beliefs and your perceptions of how others view you. This technical definition of self-knowledge concerns only the mechanisms involved and does not say anything about the quality of the information.(对于神经科学家来说，自我认知是两种信息形式的结合，即你自己的自我信念和你对他人如何看待你的看法。这种自我认知的技术定义只涉及所涉及的机制，并没有说明信息的质量)”和“However, I strongly question that the thinkers at Greece had a bit more in mind than this; they no doubt meant ‘Know thyself accurately.’ (然而，我强烈质疑希腊的思想家们是否有比这更多的想法；他们无疑是指‘准确地认识你自己。’)”可知，作者对神经科学家关于自我认知的定义（仅关注机制，不涉及信息质量）持怀疑态度，觉得其过于浅显，认为古希腊思想家所指的自我认知更为准确和深入。故选B。 【33题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第四段中“Many things in our lives go unnoticed because we don’t know the language for them or don’t understand them. This is called hypo-cognition, a deficit of cognition. (我们生活中的许多事情都被忽视了，因为我们不知道如何用语言描述它们，或者不理解它们。这被称为hypo-cognition，一种认知缺陷)”可知，下划线词hypo-cognition指的是缺乏描述特定经历的概念。故选C。 【34题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Research has shown that more honest self-awareness — of both positive and negative information — improves self-development because you know what to improve. This enables better personal decision making rooted in accurate information, especially when striving toward goals. (研究表明，更诚实的自我意识——包括正面和负面信息——有助于自我发展，因为你知道需要改进什么。这使得基于准确信息的更好的个人决策成为可能，尤其是在追求目标时)”可知，文章暗示我们应该停止为不利的自我认知找借口，而是要诚实地面对自己，以便更好地改进和发展。故选C。 第二节(共 5 小题;每小题 2 分，共 10 分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Cringe is having a moment. We’re all just too familiar with this feeling where it’s almost physically painful to watch someone do something embarrassing without being aware of how they come across. ____35____ A teenager tries to shoot a TikTok video in a popular tourist spot. Or a friend tries to show off with some expensive but ugly purchase. After all, if it’s so painful to watch the wedding speech where all the jokes fall flat, wouldn’t it be better for us and everyone else if we just forgot about it and never mentioned it? Instead, we seem to have an urge to spread the cringe. ____36____ A new research by Brianna Escoe from the University of Louisiana and colleagues found out what cringe is. First, they established that cringe is the feeling of second-hand embarrassment for something someone else does, says, or posts. We’d cringe at someone trying to be funny, but we wouldn’t cringe when someone is experiencing something negative without trying to make a positive impression. ____37____ Next, the researchers showed that we love to talk about cringe. Participants in an experiment saw cringey social media posts that had been edited to show off and pleasant posts without a cringe factor. Participants then chose which posts to discuss in a forum. ____38____ When sharing something cringey, we get to roll our eyes together with others and feel like we’re all in the know and wouldn’t commit a social faux pas (失态) like the one we’re sharing. ____39____ By sharing the cringe, we tend to avoid being in such situations with those who have the similar values with us. In addition, sharing a cringe breaks the facade of perfection on social media and normalizes our imperfection. A. For example, someone who had an accident deserves sympathy. B. Surprisingly, they avoid talking about the cringey posts with others. C. In fact, sharing cringey content brings immediate personal superiority. D. Maybe it’s a wedding speech that’s trying to be funny without success. E. But what exactly is cringe, and why do we need to share it with others? F. They were more likely to choose the awkward ones despite disliking them. G. In other words, cringe acts as a social glue that strengthens shared norms and rules. 【答案】35. D 36. E 37. A 38. F 39. G 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文探讨了“尴尬感(cringe)”的定义及其为何会被人们分享，指出尴尬感是因他人行为而产生的二次尴尬，人们分享尴尬内容能带来个人优越感、避免类似社交失态、打破社交媒体完美假象并接纳自身不完美。 【35题详解】 上文“We’re all just too familiar with this feeling where it’s almost physically painful to watch someone do something embarrassing without being aware of how they come across.(我们都太熟悉这种感觉了，看着某人在没有意识到自己的表现的情况下做一些尴尬的事情，几乎是一种身体上的痛苦)”说明生活中有很多令人尴尬的事情，空处承接上文，举例说明令人尴尬的事情。D项“也许是一场试图搞笑却失败的婚礼致辞”符合语境，且与下文“A teenager tries to shoot a TikTok video in a popular tourist spot. Or a friend tries to show off with some expensive but ugly purchase.(一名青少年试图在一个热门旅游景点拍摄TikTok视频。或者一个朋友试图炫耀一些昂贵但丑陋的东西)”为并列关系，都是尴尬事情的例子。故选D。 【36题详解】 下文“A new research by Brianna Escoe from the University of Louisiana and colleagues found out what cringe is. First, they established that cringe is the feeling of second-hand embarrassment for something someone else does, says, or posts. (路易斯安那大学的布里安娜·埃斯科及其同事进行的一项新研究发现了什么是尴尬。首先，他们确定了“尴尬”是指对别人所做、所说或发布的事情感到间接的尴尬)”解释了尴尬的定义。E项“但究竟什么是尴尬感，为什么我们需要与他人分享呢”符合语境。故选E。 【37题详解】 上文“We’d cringe at someone trying to be funny, but we wouldn’t cringe when someone is experiencing something negative without trying to make a positive impression. (我们会为那些试图搞笑的人感到尴尬，但当有人经历负面的事情而没有试图给人留下好印象时，我们不会感到尴尬)”说明我们不会对遭遇负面事件的人感到尴尬，空处承接上文，举例说明不会对遭遇负面事件的人感到尴尬。A项“例如，发生事故的人值得同情”符合语境。故选A。 【38题详解】 上文“Participants in an experiment saw cringey social media posts that had been edited to show off and pleasant posts without a cringe factor. Participants then chose which posts to discuss in a forum. (参与实验的人看到了经过编辑以炫耀的令人尴尬的社交媒体帖子，以及没有尴尬因素的令人愉快的帖子。然后，参与者选择在论坛上讨论哪些帖子)”说明参与者会选择令人尴尬的社交媒体帖子进行讨论，空处承接上文，说明参与者的选择。F项“尽管他们不喜欢这些尴尬的帖子，但他们更有可能选择这些帖子”符合语境。故选F。 【39题详解】 上文“When sharing something cringey, we get to roll our eyes together with others and feel like we’re all in the know and wouldn’t commit a social faux pas (失态) like the one we’re sharing. (当我们分享一些令人尴尬的事情时，我们会和其他人一起翻白眼，觉得我们都知道，不会犯像我们分享的那样社交失态的错误)”说明分享尴尬的事情可以避免社交失态，空处承接上文，说明分享尴尬的事情的好处。G项“换句话说，尴尬感就像一种社交粘合剂，强化了共享的规范和规则”符合语境。故选G。 第三部分：书面表达(共两节，32 分) 第一节(共 4 小题;第 40、41 题各 2 分，第 42 题 3 分，第 43 题 5 分，共 12 分) In a world filled with advertisements and constant pressure to consume, minimalism offers an alternative lifestyle. More than just a design aesthetic (美学) or a trend, it’s a philosophy that emphasizes simplicity, intentionality, and mindfulness. Instead of pursuing the latest trends or filling their home with unnecessary items, minimalists believe that less is more. At its core, adoption of minimalism doesn’t necessarily mean complete scarcity, but rather a thoughtful selection of what truly matters. By rejecting mindless accumulation (积累), minimalism encourages a life focused on quality rather than quantity. One primary advantage of a minimalist lifestyle is that it encourages us to be more deliberate (深思熟虑) with our choices and actions. When we carefully select what enters our lives — whether objects, commitments, or relationships — we match our actions with our core values. This promotes deeper connections, meaningful experiences, and sustained personal growth, moving beyond materialism as a source of fulfillment. Minimalism can also improve our mental clarity. A simplified physical space directly impacts cognitive function. When our physical environment is clutter-free, our minds can concentrate more easily. This heightened mental clarity allows for clearer thinking, better decision-making, and being more present in daily life. Furthermore, it boosts our overall well-being. When happiness is no longer tied to possessions, appreciation for life’s simple pleasures grows. This shift in mindset leads to greater overall life satisfaction and a more balanced existence. Minimalism is not about living with nothing; it is about living with what brings genuine value. By embracing minimalism, individuals can discover that the key to a rich life lies not in abundance (繁杂), but in simplicity. 40. What is the core of minimalism? _____________________________________________________ 41. What are the advantages of minimalism? _____________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Minimalism encourages people to reduce dependence on material possessions, but this leads to a decline in people’s overall life satisfaction. _____________________________________________________ 43. Use examples to show how you can practice minimalism in daily life. (In about 40 words) _____________________________________________________ 【答案】40. More than just a design aesthetic or a trend, it’s a philosophy that emphasizes simplicity, intentionality, and mindfulness. 41. A thoughtful selection of what truly matters. 42. Minimalism encourages people to reduce dependence on material possessions, but this leads to a decline in people’s overall life satisfaction. (It boosts our overall well-being. / It leads to greater overall life satisfaction.) 43. I can practice minimalism by decluttering my room regularly and only keeping items that I truly need or love. This helps me focus on what’s important and reduces distractions. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了在充满广告和消费压力的世界里，极简主义作为一种替代生活方式所具备的哲学内涵及其带来的多方面优势。极简主义强调简洁、有意识和专注，鼓励人们选择真正重要的事物，提升生活质量。 【40题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第一段中“More than just a design aesthetic (美学) or a trend, it’s a philosophy that emphasizes simplicity, intentionality, and mindfulness.” (它不仅仅是一种设计美学或潮流，而是一种强调简洁、有意识和专注的哲学)”可知，极简主义的核心是一种强调简洁、有意识和专注的哲学。故答案为More than just a design aesthetic or a trend, it’s a philosophy that emphasizes simplicity, intentionality, and mindfulness. 【41题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第二段中“At its core, adoption of minimalism doesn’t necessarily mean complete scarcity, but rather a thoughtful selection of what truly matters. (在其核心，采用极简主义并不一定意味着完全稀缺，而是对真正重要的东西进行深思熟虑的选择)”可知，极简主义的主要优势是对真正重要的东西进行深思熟虑的选择。故答案为A thoughtful selection of what truly matters. 【42题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第五段“Furthermore, it boosts our overall well-being. When happiness is no longer tied to possessions, appreciation for life’s simple pleasures grows. This shift in mindset leads to greater overall life satisfaction and a more balanced existence. (此外，它还能提升我们的整体幸福感。当幸福不再与物质财富挂钩时，对生活简单乐趣的欣赏就会增加。这种心态的转变会带来更大的整体生活满意度和更平衡的生活)”可知，极简主义提升了我们的整体幸福感，而不是导致人们的生活满意度下降。故答案Minimalism encourages people to reduce dependence on material possessions, but this leads to a decline in people’s overall life satisfaction. 改为It boosts our overall well-being. / It leads to greater overall life satisfaction. 【43题详解】 开放性试题，本题结合文章内容，言之有理即可。比如：举例说明如何在日常生活中实践极简主义。可以回答：我可以通过定期整理房间来实践极简主义，只保留我真正需要或喜欢的东西。这有助于我专注于重要的事情，减少分心。故答案为I can practice minimalism by decluttering my room regularly and only keeping items that I truly need or love. This helps me focus on what’s important and reduces distractions. 第二节(20 分) 44. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你的英国好友 Jim 得知你参加了 “AI 时代的职业规划课程”，他发来邮件向你咨询你对未来工作的思考。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括： 1. 科技发展对未来职业的影响； 2. 未来职业需要的能力。 注意： 1. 词数 100 左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Jim, Happy to hear from you! The job market is changing rapidly. Many old routine jobs disappear or are done by AI. People will probably have several different jobs over many years. So, the ability to learn new skills is extremely important. Learning new IT skills and keeping up with technology developments will equip us for future work. In addition, critical thinking is essential. We need the ability to consider and evaluate information. Finally, creativity matters a lot. We will be required to do more creative work and come up with new ideas. Looking forward to your reply. Yours. Lihua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生就最近参加“AI 时代的职业规划课程”的情况给英国好友Jim回复邮件谈谈自己对未来工作的思考。其内容包括：科技发展对未来职业的影响和未来职业需要的能力。 【详解】1.词汇积累 高兴的：happy→glad 很多：many→plenty of 赶上：keep up with→catch up with 重要的： important→significant 2.句式拓展 合并简单句 原句：The job market is changing rapidly. Many old routine jobs disappear or are done by AI. 拓展句：The job market is changing rapidly, where many old routine jobs are disappearing or being done by AI. 【点睛】【高分句型1】 Learning new IT skills and keeping up with technology developments will equip us for future work.（运用了动名词作主语） 【高分句型2】We will be required to do more creative work and come up with new ideas. （运用了不定式作主语补足语） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025北京昌平高二(下)期末 英语 本试卷共 12 页，共 100 分。考试时长 90 分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将答题卡交回。 第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30 分) 第一节(共 10 小题;每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Nothing cuts deeper than the loss of a beloved family member. Margaret, a mother of two, knew that ____1____ all too well. She just said goodbye to her husband. Her sons, Luke and Nathan, couldn’t stand to see her lost in sorrow. One evening, as they sat together leafing through a family album (相册), they gently asked her about places she had always dreamed of visiting. Margaret smiled ____2____, her fingers touching an old photo. “I still remember this place,” she ____3____, voice breaking. “It’s where I met your father.” Luke and Nathan exchanged a glance — a (n) ____4____ plan already forming between them. The next morning, Margaret found a ____5____ waiting for her: a plane ticket to that very city on the kitchen table. Two days later, she boarded the plane. As her journey began, theirs did too. Their plan? To finish the home renovations (翻新) their father had started before he fell ill — and to transform the house into a space that Margaret could find ____6____ in again. The brothers repaired walls, replaced old furniture, painted every room, and even brought in comfortable new pieces to ____7____ the living spaces. Finally, the day arrived. When their mom returned, she stood ____8____ in front of her house. “Mom,” Nathan said, “this is what Dad wanted to finish for you.” Margaret was so moved, but her sons weren’t done yet. They gently blindfolded her and ____9____ her to the master bedroom. When they lifted the cloth, Margaret saw a breathtaking gallery of valuable family photos. Margaret broke down in tears, overwhelmed (淹没) with ____10____ and love. It was her boys that taught her the most profound lesson that even in life’s ruins, love finds ways to rebuild. 1. A. anger B. pain C. doubt D. guilt 2. A. brightly B. coldly C. sadly D. nervously 3. A. called B. complained C. joked D. whispered 4. A. urgent B. unspoken C. detailed D. reasonable 5. A. reward B. promise C. surprise D. challenge 6. A. comfort B. pride C. ambition D. confidence 7. A. refresh B. expand C. clean D. occupy 8. A. humble B. dignified C. frozen D. firm 9. A. guided B. pushed C. followed D. hurried 10. A. trust B. forgiveness C. faith D. gratitude 第二节(共 10 小题;每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分) A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 One hundred metres above the earth, the man who could fly moved his large white wings gently backwards and forwards. It was very quiet up there, and the air was clean and fresh. When he looked down, he could see the village ____11____ he lived. If he turned his head, he could see fields with cows and sheep in them. He moved his wings a little ____12____ (fast) and rose higher. He could see even more. He could fly quite easily at this height, but ____13____ (look) down at the ground so far below him always made him feel strange. B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Li Bai, one of China’s greatest poets, ____14____ (write) poetry during the Tang Dynasty. Li Bai’s poems were about beautiful natural scenes and the people who touched his heart. As a boy, Li Bai lived in Sichuan ____15____ his family. At the age of 25, he began travelling around the country. He made friends with scholars and kept journals. His travels were the basis for his works of more than 2,000 poems, of ____16____ about 1,800 are still read today. C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 UNESCO has recognized three traditional Chinese health practices — Tai Chi, medicinal bathing of Xizang, and acupuncture (针灸) as Intangible Cultural Heritage (非物质文化遗产). These practices ___17___ (hand) down from generation to generation in China, representing a unique wisdom and approach to maintaining physical and mental health. Tai Chi, ____18____ (know) for its gentle and flowing movements, combines deep breathing and mindful movement. Medicinal bathing of Xizang, using natural hot springs and herbs, ____19____ (believe) to cleanse the body and balance qi. Acupuncture, a form of alternative medicine, involves inserting thin needles into specific body points ____20____ (relieve) pain and restore energy flow. 第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38 分) 第一节(共 14 小题;每小题 2 分，共 28 分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Dear Ms. Smith, Thank you so much for interviewing me for the open sales position. I truly appreciate the time you spent explaining the hiring process and how your training program works. It was attractive to hear about the innovative approaches your company takes in developing its sales team. You are clearly very knowledgeable about sales and marketing, and your enthusiasm for the field was evident throughout our conversation. During the interview, I was particularly impressed by the emphasis you placed on continuous learning and growth. Your innovative training program, which includes hands-on workshops and mentorship (导师制) opportunities, made me very interested. I enjoy working in sales and believe I would be an excellent fit for the position. I thrive in challenging environments, and I’m excited about the prospect of applying my skills in a dynamic setting like yours. As we discussed, my sales numbers at my current job have increased by 50 percent over the past three years. In fact, I was at the top of our sales force last year. I achieved this by building strong relationships with clients and constantly seeking new opportunities to expand our customer base. I’m confident that combining my current experience with your training program will allow me to reach the top of your sales force as well. Thank you again for taking the time to talk to me about the position. I believe I can bring a lot of value to your company and look forward to the possibility of meeting again soon. In the meantime, please let me know if you need any additional information. Best regards, Jim Lake 21. What impressed the writer most during the interview? A. The hiring process. B. The training program. C. The interviewer’s attitude. D. The interviewer’s work style. 22. What achievement did the writer mention during the interview? A. He ranked first in his sales team last year. B. He built strong relationships with workmates. C. He expanded the customer base in a new market. D He increased sales numbers by 50% in one year. 23. What’s the main purpose of this letter? A. To ask about company needs and check job duties. B. To show achievements and wish to get promoted. C To express gratitude and hope to get employed. D. To discuss qualifications and ask for advice. B “Mom, when will we live in a nice house?” 13-year-old Simon asked his mother. “It’s getting colder here.” “Very soon...” Annie said in tears. But she was aware that “very soon” would never arrive. Her salary was barely enough to afford food and education for her son. The next morning, Simon’s friends called him out to play, but the boy refused because he couldn’t be happy whenever he thought about his mom’s struggles. He went for a walk alone and was surprised looking at one boy busy putting money in a box behind his lemonade stand. He, too, wanted to set up a stand. He ran home and begged his mother for money. Later that afternoon, the boy returned home with a bunch of packets. He began digging in the garden, making several beds, and sowing seeds. “Simon, what are you doing?” Annie asked him. “Do we have time for all this? What’s wrong with you?” The boy smiled and said, “Mom, only if we sow today can we harvest tomorrow!” For the next several weeks, Simon worked very hard in his garden. His fresh garden produce was what people wanted to take home for a nutritious meal. He had used natural pesticides (农药). Annie quit her job and started to help her son by setting up a vegetable stand. Gradually, they started making more money than Simon had thought, and moved to a new house. Their stand was now bigger and attracted the town’s attention. A wealthy farmer, Alex, wanted to meet Simon to learn the tricks of the trade and to beat him in the race to fame. One day, Alex drove to his garden. He expected the smell of chemicals, but there was none. “How are you able to grow such healthy produce without pesticides?” he curiously asked the boy. Simon said, “We humans can only survive by eating food, not poison. So why feed the plants harmful chemicals?” The boy’s reply hit Alex hard in the head. He was amazed at how talented Simon was. He decided to team up with him. Simon asked for Annie’s opinions. After deep thought, Annie agreed. For the next several months, the boy balanced school and gardening on Alex’s farm while looking after his garden because he was always grateful for that. In no time, Alex and Simon’s combined efforts succeeded. Apart from selling their produce locally, they even started shipping it to neighboring states. 24. Why did Simon want to set up a stand? A. To help support the family. B. To prove his gardening skills. C. To learn the tricks of trade. D. To follow his mother’s advice. 25. How did Annie feel upon seeing Simon sowing in the garden? A. Inspired. B. Proud. C. Puzzled. D. Touched. 26. Why did Alex choose to cooperate with Simon? A. He wanted to get Simon’s secrets. B. He needed help to manage his farm. C. He sympathized with Simon’s situation. D. He valued Simon’s talent and eco-awareness. 27. What can we learn from the passage? A. Laughter is the best medicine. B. Take it easy in face of challenges. C. Think carefully before taking action. D. Determination and effort fuel success. C Humanoids are rapidly progressing from science fiction to reality, transforming industries ranging from manufacturing (制造业) to medicine and more. In robotics, the word humanoid typically refers to a robot that has a torso (躯干), a head, two arms, and two legs. But the concept extends beyond looks. A humanoid robot actually includes human - like movement, interactive capabilities and design philosophy. With sensors, actuators (执行器), and advanced control systems to walk, grasp objects, and interact, the robots, powered by artificial intelligence (AI), can process speech, recognize faces, and adapt to new surroundings. Their design enables them to use man - made tools and function in human-designed spaces. Humanoid robots are available in diverse configurations (构造) tailored to their movement capabilities and intended application. The major categories include leg-based humanoids well adapted to more dynamic environments and wheel-based robots that are optimized for flat stable ground. For example, Bipedal Robots are built to move around on two legs, copying human balance and the way of walking. Bipedal configurations are common in the research platforms where human-like movement is necessary. Some other robots combine a humanoid upper body with wheel-based movement. This allows for higher efficiency on level or indoor surfaces while still allowing the robots to perform tasks designed for human use. At their core, humanoid robots bring together hardware and software to copy human ability. High-definition cameras, microphones, and touch sensors allow robots to sense the world around them. Copying muscles and joints, actuators allow for smooth, coordinated movement. Advanced designs often use multiple actuators per joint to achieve human-like precision and flexibility. Integrated control architectures, often powered by AI and machine learning, coordinate the sensory inputs and outputs to actuators, preserving dynamic balance and adaptive behavior. Decision-making is driven by AI algorithms that learn from real and simulated data to improve over time. This enables humanoid robots to interact naturally with humans and handle complex tasks. Humanoid robots are gaining more useful applications across industries. Some robots are being designed to undertake repetitive, dangerous, or highly precise tasks in manufacturing. From the hospital to the nursing home, humanoid robots serve as caregivers and assistants for patient recovery, and even help with daily care activities. Also, humanoid robots are used by most schools in order to conduct research on biomechanics, cognitive science, and robotics control. Some companies are researching home-assistance designs where robots do the household chores, like cleaning, cooking, or even companionship. The cost of a humanoid robot varies significantly based on several determining factors. One of the factors is that humanoid robotics is a relatively new field. The production runs tend to be low during its early phase, while the research and development costs are high. Therefore, early models are costly due to the use of new components and low economies of scale. 28. What is the main idea of Paragraph 3? A. How does a humanoid robot work? B. How does a humanoid robot get upgraded? C. How is a humanoid robot categorized? D. How is a humanoid robot applied in daily life? 29. What can be learnt about humanoid robots from the passage? A. They are better at creative jobs than repetitive ones. B. Bipedal Robots are designed for stable ground environments. C. Their rapid research and development comes from low costs. D. They have human form and carry out tasks meant for humans. 30. Which would be the best title for the passage? A. Humanoid Robots: Designing for Human Interaction B. Humanoid Robots: Uniting Man, Machine and the Future C. Humanoid Robots: Facing More Challenges in a Smarter Future D. Humanoid Robots: High-Efficiency Solutions to Manufacturing D “Know thyself” is the most famous saying of Greek philosophy. The idea of self-knowledge is so foundational to a meaningful existence. In his tragedy (悲剧) Thyestes, the Stoic philosopher Seneca writes, “Death lies heavily on him / Who, though to all the world well known, / Is stranger to himself alone.” And as Shakespeare asserts in his comedy As You Like It, “The fool doth think he is wise, but the wise man /knows himself to be a fool.” What exactly does it mean to know yourself? For neuroscientists, self-knowledge is the combination of two forms of information, your own self-beliefs and your perceptions of how others view you. This technical definition of self-knowledge concerns only the mechanisms involved and does not say anything about the quality of the information. In effect, if you think you’re a rooster and believe others see you as one too, that counts as self-knowledge. However, I strongly question that the thinkers at Greece had a bit more in mind than this; they no doubt meant “Know thyself accurately.” That is a much taller order, requiring a huge quantity of truthful information about your inner states — attitudes, beliefs, emotions, and motives. Accurate self-knowledge also means avoiding mistakes and correcting illusions, being completely honest with yourself, and predicting how you will feel and react in the future. By this impossibly strict standard, we probably all overestimate our capacity for accurate self-knowledge. Psychological experiments have revealed that ratings of one’s own self-assessments are “moderate to poor” in accuracy and are generally less sound than external evaluations. One reason is that we’re likely to make cognitive (认知的) errors about what we see happening in our lives. Researchers have found that humans are easy to miss seeing our problems, mistakes, and opportunities. Many things in our lives go unnoticed because we don’t know the language for them or don’t understand them. This is called hypo-cognition, a deficit of cognition. In studies exploring this phenomenon, British participants were more likely to notice cheese than Asian dumplings in their daily lives, while Chinese participants noticed the reverse. Much of our self-knowledge deficit comes from willful ignorance. Psychologists have long observed the human tendency to use motivated reasoning to reassure ourselves that our opinions are right, to ignore critical self-reflective information, and generally to maintain positive illusions and find ways to avoid facing reality-based negative emotions. So basic and necessary to our being are these traits that collectively they have been called our “psychological immune system.” This characteristic rationalizing is almost certainly based in our biology. This human capacity to maintain ignorance in the face of potentially negative self-knowledge might make you more comfortable in the short term, but it leads to many missed opportunities for greater well-being and success in the long run. Research has shown that more honest self-awareness — of both positive and negative information — improves self-development because you know what to improve. This enables better personal decision making rooted in accurate information, especially when striving toward goals. 31. The author mentions Seneca and Shakespeare mainly to ______. A. draw a comparison B. give a suggestion C. explain a concept D. strengthen an argument 32. As for the definition of self-knowledge from neuroscientists, the author is ______. A. appreciative B. suspicious C. unconcerned D. neutral 33. What does the term “hypo-cognition” underlined in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A. The inability to process truthful information. B. The refusal to reflect on negative information. C. The lack of concepts to describe specific experiences. D. The tendency to spot cultural differences in perception. 34. It is implied in this passage that we should ______. A. focus on negative rather than positive feedback B. follow the beliefs and emotions of our internal states C. stop making excuses for unfavorable self-knowledge D. spare no effort to get rid of imperfect self-knowledge 第二节(共 5 小题;每小题 2 分，共 10 分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Cringe is having a moment. We’re all just too familiar with this feeling where it’s almost physically painful to watch someone do something embarrassing without being aware of how they come across. ____35____ A teenager tries to shoot a TikTok video in a popular tourist spot. Or a friend tries to show off with some expensive but ugly purchase. After all, if it’s so painful to watch the wedding speech where all the jokes fall flat, wouldn’t it be better for us and everyone else if we just forgot about it and never mentioned it? Instead, we seem to have an urge to spread the cringe. ____36____ A new research by Brianna Escoe from the University of Louisiana and colleagues found out what cringe is. First, they established that cringe is the feeling of second-hand embarrassment for something someone else does, says, or posts. We’d cringe at someone trying to be funny, but we wouldn’t cringe when someone is experiencing something negative without trying to make a positive impression. ____37____ Next, the researchers showed that we love to talk about cringe. Participants in an experiment saw cringey social media posts that had been edited to show off and pleasant posts without a cringe factor. Participants then chose which posts to discuss in a forum. ____38____ When sharing something cringey, we get to roll our eyes together with others and feel like we’re all in the know and wouldn’t commit a social faux pas (失态) like the one we’re sharing. ____39____ By sharing the cringe, we tend to avoid being in such situations with those who have the similar values with us. In addition, sharing a cringe breaks the facade of perfection on social media and normalizes our imperfection. A. For example, someone who had an accident deserves sympathy. B. Surprisingly they avoid talking about the cringey posts with others. C. In fact, sharing cringey content brings immediate personal superiority. D. Maybe it’s a wedding speech that’s trying to be funny without success. E. But what exactly is cringe, and why do we need to share it with others? F. They were more likely to choose the awkward ones despite disliking them. G. In other words, cringe acts as a social glue that strengthens shared norms and rules. 第三部分：书面表达(共两节，32 分) 第一节(共 4 小题;第 40、41 题各 2 分，第 42 题 3 分，第 43 题 5 分，共 12 分) In a world filled with advertisements and constant pressure to consume, minimalism offers an alternative lifestyle. More than just a design aesthetic (美学) or a trend, it’s a philosophy that emphasizes simplicity, intentionality, and mindfulness. Instead of pursuing the latest trends or filling their home with unnecessary items, minimalists believe that less is more. At its core, adoption of minimalism doesn’t necessarily mean complete scarcity, but rather a thoughtful selection of what truly matters. By rejecting mindless accumulation (积累), minimalism encourages a life focused on quality rather than quantity. One primary advantage of a minimalist lifestyle is that it encourages us to be more deliberate (深思熟虑的) with our choices and actions. When we carefully select what enters our lives — whether objects, commitments, or relationships — we match our actions with our core values. This promotes deeper connections, meaningful experiences, and sustained personal growth, moving beyond materialism as a source of fulfillment. Minimalism can also improve our mental clarity. A simplified physical space directly impacts cognitive function. When our physical environment is clutter-free, our minds can concentrate more easily. This heightened mental clarity allows for clearer thinking, better decision-making, and being more present in daily life. Furthermore, it boosts our overall well-being. When happiness is no longer tied to possessions, appreciation for life’s simple pleasures grows. This shift in mindset leads to greater overall life satisfaction and a more balanced existence. Minimalism is not about living with nothing; it is about living with what brings genuine value. By embracing minimalism, individuals can discover that the key to a rich life lies not in abundance (繁杂), but in simplicity. 40. What is the core of minimalism? _____________________________________________________ 41 What are the advantages of minimalism? _____________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Minimalism encourages people to reduce dependence on material possessions, but this leads to a decline in people’s overall life satisfaction. _____________________________________________________ 43. Use examples to show how you can practice minimalism in daily life. (In about 40 words) _____________________________________________________ 第二节(20 分) 44. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你的英国好友 Jim 得知你参加了 “AI 时代的职业规划课程”，他发来邮件向你咨询你对未来工作的思考。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括： 1. 科技发展对未来职业的影响； 2. 未来职业需要的能力。 注意： 1. 词数 100 左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$