热点话题06 在线购物与消费文化（话题阅读精练）英语高二通用版

热点话题06 在线购物与消费文化 教材相关主题 教材 单元 主题 外研版2019选择性必修四 Unit 4 创新与创业意识 译林版2020选择性必修二 Unit 1 大众传媒及其影响 话题阅读精练 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 Passage 1 阅读理解 说明文 336 讲述了在线市场中的五星级评分系统存在的问题，并提出了改进建议 Passage 2 阅读理解 议论文 386 讨论了电商平台通过“人工评价助推”手段操控评论，导致真实反馈逐渐消失的问题 Passage 3 阅读理解 说明文 328 介绍了拼多多目前面临着国内市场的困境，希望通过扩张国际市场解决这一问题并提升盈利水平 Passage 4 阅读理解 说明文 370 论述了对消费者的退货行为进行收费的必要性 Passage 5 阅读理解 议论文 282 从一个拿现金在无现金店买不到汉堡的故事引出论题：无现金商店该不该禁止，并多方论证 Passage 6 阅读理解 新闻类 311 报道了社交媒体对购物行为的影响，以及由此产生的“先试后买”现象 主题简析素材积累 本专题的主题语境为 “在线购物与消费文化”，它属于英语课程标准中 “人与社会” 主题语境下的子话题。在互联网技术飞速发展的当下，在线购物已成为全球范围内主流的消费模式，深刻改变着人们的生活方式和消费习惯。消费文化作为社会文化的重要组成部分，在线上购物场景中得以充分展现和演变，不仅反映出消费者的需求与价值观，还与经济发展、科技进步、社会观念等因素紧密相连。通过对这一主题的学习，学生能够深入了解在线购物平台的运作模式、消费心理的变化趋势，以及促销策略、网红经济、直播带货等新兴消费现象背后的文化逻辑。这有助于培养学生的批判性思维，提升他们对现代消费文化的认知与分析能力，使其在面对丰富多样的线上消费信息时，能够保持理性，做出明智的消费决策，同时也能增强学生对社会文化发展的洞察力，理解科技与社会相互作用的关系。 句子积累 With the rapid development of...,...：随着…… 的快速发展，…… ：With the rapid development of the Internet, online shopping has become an integral part of consumer culture.（随着互联网的快速发展，在线购物已成为消费文化不可或缺的一部分。） It is evident that...：很明显…… ：It is evident that promotional activities on e - commerce platforms often influence consumers' purchasing decisions.（很明显，电子商务平台上的促销活动常常影响消费者的购买决策。） ...have a profound impact on...：…… 对…… 有深远影响 ：Live - streaming e - commerce has a profound impact on the development of online shopping and consumer culture.（直播电商对在线购物和消费文化的发展有着深远影响。） It is essential for...to...：…… 有必要…… ：It is essential for consumers to understand consumer psychology to avoid impulse buying.（消费者有必要了解消费心理以避免冲动消费。） Not only...but also...：不但…… 而且…… ：Online shopping not only offers convenience but also changes people's consumption patterns and values.（在线购物不但提供了便利，而且改变了人们的消费模式和价值观。） There is no doubt that...：毫无疑问…… ：There is no doubt that product reviews play a crucial role in building brand awareness on e - commerce platforms.（毫无疑问，产品评价在电子商务平台上建立品牌意识方面起着关键作用。） be influenced by...：受…… 影响 ：Consumers' purchasing behaviors are often influenced by various factors in the online shopping environment.（消费者的购买行为常常受到在线购物环境中各种因素的影响。） be closely related to...：与…… 密切相关 ：Online payment security is closely related to the healthy development of e - commerce.（在线支付安全与电子商务的健康发展密切相关。） 必备词块 online shopping在线购物 e - commerce platform电子商务平台 consumer culture消费文化 online payment在线支付 promotional activities促销活动 consumer psychology消费心理 live - streaming e - commerce直播电商 impulse buying冲动消费 product review产品评价 brand awareness品牌意识 实战演练 Passage 1 Online marketplaces for goods and services are increasingly valuable and powerful. When it comes to their reputation systems, they typically take the form of five-star ratings. While the systems are good enough at identifying and weeding out very low-quality products or suppliers, they do a poor job of separating good from great products or suppliers. This may not be a big issue for marketplaces offering basic, mass-market products and services, but it can be a serious problem for marketplaces where it is important to allow truly great providers to differentiate themselves clearly. In their current application, five-star rating systems suffer from several shortcomings. Lacking motivations for providing truthful feedback, users who have extreme experiences (either very bad or very good) are much more likely to leave feedback than users who have average experiences, thus creating selection biases (偏见). Ratings are also likely to experience “grade” inflation (贬值), so that in some marketplaces having a 4.8-star average, or 96% positive feedback, does not mean that the supplier is particularly exceptional. And in some marketplaces, the difference between 4.5 stars and 4.8 stars could be massive, making it hard for users to differentiate OK suppliers from very good ones. Several options are available to offer users a more precise sense of suppliers’ relative ranking. A basic thing they could do would be to show users the average score for all suppliers in the relevant category. By seeing the whole distribution and where the supplier fits in it, the user could quickly get a sense of the overall situation. The second key measure advocated is to adjust user ratings for differences in reviewing behavior. Specifically, a given user’s review could be given a larger weight if there is a higher variance in the individual’s reviewer scores (in contrast to someone who always gives the same or similar score). Although rating systems alone can't guarantee trust and safety in online marketplaces, applying these measures can make rating systems more reliable and reduce the need for additional services. 1．What is the main problem with the five-star rating systems in online marketplaces? A．They often give wrong ratings to average experiences. B．They are unable to identify low-quality products or suppliers. C．They are not widely used in marketplaces offering basic products. D．They can’t effectively distinguish good from great products or suppliers. 2．What can be inferred from a hotel’s 4.8-star rating on an online travel site? A．Most guests had great stays. B．It offers incomparable service. C．The rating may be misleading. D．It's far better than 4-star hotels. 3．What helps users better understand suppliers’ relative ranking? A．Presenting the exceptional scores of all suppliers. B．Displaying the total number of reviews for each supplier. C．Highlighting reviews from the same user with distinct scores. D．Evaluating reviews from various users with consistent scores. 4．What can we infer about the impact of adjusting user ratings for reviewing behavior? A．It will eliminate all forms of rating bias. B．It will discourage users from leaving feedback altogether. C．It will make suppliers with consistent high ratings less visible. D．It will improve the accuracy of relative rankings among suppliers. Passage 2 There’s a popular saying that if only one voice is allowed to exist; then that one voice must be a lie. This quote couldn’t be more relevant now, as many businesses and platforms are using shady practices to silence negative feedback and ensure only those voices benefiting them remain. This practice is so-called “artificial review boosting”, and has been influencing objectivity in reviews ever since. Its origin dates back to the 20th century when businesses would hand out free samples to obtain a better reputation. However, the practice rises to a new extreme with the emergence of e-commerce platforms. Many online businesses do whatever it takes to ensure high-rating scores, either through giving bonuses and rewards to customers who leave a good review or through bothering and threatening those who leave a negative one. This behavior is not only morally corrupt but also illegal, and it is absurd that many consumers feel they can’t leave negative feedback out of fear that businesses will cause trouble. It’s apparent that this problem is getting out of hand, but how can we fix it? Regulator intervention would certainly help. There should be a tougher crackdown on illegal practices, and e-commerce platforms should be required to protect the privacy of their users. Nevertheless, this is just a small part of the changes needed, as the rating system as a whole needs restructuring. That’s because this system rewards dishonest sellers rather than those selling quality products, and e-commerce platforms, with their profits unaffected, turn a blind eye to its faults. Against all odds, honest feedback has persisted and people who voice their true opinions still exist, but they are becoming rarer. There’s an old saying that if you put a frog in boiling water, it will leap out, but if you cook the frog slowly in warm water, it won’t notice being cooked alive. We consumers are just like frogs — it’s easy for us to fight together against terrible acts robbing our freedom, but we often ignore when the same freedom is gradually taken from us. There will be no grand coup de grace (致命一击) that ends honest feedback. Companies will just let it fade away slowly but we mustn’t allow that to happen because consumers play a more important role in keeping honest feedback. 1．What is the main issue discussed in the text? A．The illegal practices of consumers. B．The history of e-commerce platforms. C．The benefits of free samples for businesses. D．The decline of honest feedback due to artificial review boosting. 2．How do businesses ensure high-rating scores according to the text? A．By improving product quality. B．By cooperating with regulators. C．By restructuring the rating system. D．By rewarding positive reviews and threatening negative reviewers. 3．What does the frog analogy imply about consumers? A．They are as adaptable as frogs in hot water. B．They are easily frightened by sudden threats. C．They fail to notice the gradual loss of their freedom. D．They should fight against terrible acts immediately. 4．What does the author suggest about the current rating system? A．It effectively promotes honest sellers. B．It prioritizes dishonest sellers over honest ones. C．It has been improved by e-commerce platforms. D．It is unaffected by consumer feedback and product quality. Passage 3 Victories are temporary in China’s fast-changing economy. Earlier this month Colin Huang, the founder of Pinduoduo, became China’s richest man. The company, founded in 2015, today is China’s third-largest e-commerce firm by sales, behind only JD．com and Alibaba. Mr Huang’s time atop China’s rich list was, however, brief. On August 26th Pinduoduo’s share price decreased by nearly 30% after it reported sales for the quarter from April to June fell short of the market’s high expectations and gave warning that a long-run decline in profitability was “unavoidable”. Pinduoduo’s misfortunes are set against a backdrop of weakening consumer spending in China. In June sales from the “618” shopping festival fell for the first time, despite a number of platforms extending their sales periods this year. A fierce price war is adding to the trouble. Visit any Chinese e-commerce site and you will be impressed by signs advertising huge discounts and promising the cheapest deals online. Competition has grown more intense because of attacks into e-commerce by short-video apps such as Douyin and Xiaohongshu. Some merchants are piling yet more pressure on the industry. Some Chinese e-commerce companies juice their sales by fining merchants for late deliveries or product mismatches. Last month hundreds of suppliers surrounded the offices of Temu, Pinduoduo’s foreign branch, in the southern city of Guangzhou to protest against such punishment. Pinduoduo may be hoping that international expansion will rescue it from deteriorating conditions at home. That will not be straightforward. Although the number of people using Temu, which launched in America in 2022, has rocketed, owing in no small part to the vast amounts it has spent on advertising, turning that into profit has proved trickier. What is more, America’s e-commerce Amazon is fighting back against the Chinese upstart. During its Prime Day sale in July it offered discounts of up to 70% on some products. It is also reportedly planning to launch a discount section on its site which will feature cheap items. 1．Why did Pinduoduo’s share price decrease sharply? A．China is experiencing a major economic boom. B．Colin Huang failed to run the company well. C．Sales for the second quarter didn’t meet the expectations. D．Consumers were unwilling to spend money on the platform. 2．What difficulty is Pinduoduo faced with? A．The rapid rise of JD．com and Alibaba. B．The pressure from consumers and suppliers. C．The invasion of many overseas e-commerce giants. D．The intense price competition and weak purchasing power. 3．What does the underlined word “deteriorating” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Declining. B．Alarming. C．Increasing. D．Changing. 4．How does the author find Pinduoduo’s expansion of international market? A．Hopeful. B．Cautious. C．Unclear. D．Favourable. Passage 4 The days of the bedroom fitting room are numbered. Online retail giant (零售巨头) Boohoo has become the latest in a string of retailers to start charging shoppers for returns. By offering free returns in the first place, companies, such as Boohoo, created entirely new behaviour around shopping. A 2018 study found that 9% of UK consumers buy clothes to post on social media, only to return them straight after. Almost one in five 35-to 44-year-olds admit to doing it, and men, apparently, do it more than women. However, when clothes are returned, they’re likely to be thrown away rather than resold. This is because processing returns is time-consuming and costly. Buttons need to be rebuttoned, labels need to be reattached, products need refolding and rebagging, and then they must be put back  into the system for sale. So it is clearly a cheaper and easier solution for businesses to send the whole lot to landfills (垃圾填埋场). It’s really a great waste of resources, not to mention an insult (冒 犯) to the skilled people who put their time into making each product, but it’s the reality of modern fashion. When clothes don’t become rubbish, there’s still the impact of the extra shipping to consider, as well as the packaging waste. About 180bn plastic bags are produced every year to store, protect and transport clothes, and less than 15% of them are collected for recycling. The impact of returns is a fairly well-kept secret, likely to keep people shopping guilt-free (没有负罪感地). But even if it was widely known, it wouldn’t guarantee people would stop treating returns thoughtlessly. After all, other environmental and human impacts of fast fashion are out there for all to see and yet the industry continues to thrive. Hopefully, charging for returns is expected to change people’s behavior. Without free returns on the table, shoppers may think twice about buying 10 items when they know they’ll only keep five or buying clothes purely for social media content. And with the arrival of return charges, the clothes we already have might also start to look a little more appealing. 1．Why do retailers tend to throw away returned clothes? A．To keep up with the latest fashion. B．To avoid a huge waste of resources. C．To let the skilled people feel honored. D．To save the trouble of processing returns. 2．What does the author think people will do if they know the impacts of returns? A．They will feel guilty about shopping. B．They will continue their shopping behavior. C．They will consider their shopping carefully. D．They will keep their shopping behavior secret. 3．What does the author say about the move to charge for returns? A．It puts great pressure on customers. B．It can influence social media content. C．It can do little to help reduce returns. D．It will turn out to be an effective measure. 4．What is the main idea of the text? A．It is necessary to charge shoppers for returns. B．It is difficult to control the number of returns. C．Many retailers are struggling to process returns. D．People have different opinions on the end of free returns. Passage 5 Just wanting a hamburger, Hembert Figueroa was surprised to learn the dollar bills in his pocket were no good at Dos Toros Taqueria in Manhanttan. Figueroa, an ironworker, had to stand to the side, holding his hamburger, until a cashier helped him find another customer willing to pay for his meal with a card in exchange for cash. “I had money but I couldn’t pay,” he said. Cash-free stores are causing a backlash among some activists who say the practice looks down upon people like Figueroa, who either lack bank accounts or rely on cash for many transactions(交易). Supporters for banning cashless stores worry technology is moving too fast for the 6.5% of American households—8.4 million—that do not have a bank account. Business owners who go cashless say they are following the lead of majority of customers who are abandoning cash payments. Retailers(零售商)are under pressure to satisfy customers with higher expectations for fast and convenient service, driven by companies like Amazon and Uber. Leo Kremer, co-worker of Dos Toros, said the amount of cash transactions at his stores fell from about 50% a decade ago to 15% last year. Cash transactions made handling cash especially troublesome. Before going cashless, Dos Toros locations were robbed twice. Financial experts who work with low-income people caution against making assumptions about the shopping preferences or buying power of those who rely on cash. Justine Zinkin, CEO of Neighborhood Trust Financial Partners, said the greater urgency in the digital time is finding ways to better include low-income people in the banking system, such as urging banks to offer no-fee starter accounts and encouraging banks to open branches in underserved areas. 1．What trouble was Hembert Figueroa faced with at Dos Toros Taqueria? A．He couldn’t make a deal with cash. B．He failed to find a cashier for help. C．He took no money or a card with him. D．He was caught carrying false bank notes. 2．What does the underlined word “backlash” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Heated debate. B．Warm welcome. C．Strong disagreement. D．High expectation. 3．What did Justine Zinkin suggest according to the text? A．Making regulations to ban cashless stores. B．Raising the buying power of low-income people. C．Finding ways for banks to adapt with the digital time. D．Making banks more accessible to low-income people. 4．What’s the best title of this passage? A．Cashless stores—a production of new technology B．Should cashless stores be banned? C．Cashless stores, a new form of transaction D．Are cashless stores preferred by low-income people? Passage 6 Buying clothes for special events, hiding the price tickets and returning them to the store the next day has for years been the method of money-saving shoppers. Today people are doing it just for social media. A survey conducted by the credit card company Barclaycard showed that nearly one in ten UK shoppers admits to buying clothing only to post photos on social media for likes. After the “outfit (装束) of the day” (OOTD) makes it online, they return it back to the store. According to Barclaycard, the “try before you buy” policy of online retailers (零售商) — where people pay for clothing they order online after they try it on at home — could be leading to this rising trend. But the rise of social media means that everyone, not just superstars, expects to build and maintain a personal brand. Since we’re recording our lives and posting them online for public judgement, getting caught in the same outfits more than once should be avoided. And the cost of all those outfits of the day adds up, which makes returning a popular way. There are brands that make clothes specially for social media shoppers, like Fashion Nova. “These are clothes made for social media: meant to be worn once, photographed and abandoned,” Allison P. Davis wrote in her report about the brand. Another favourite of the social media age is Rent the Runway, which lets customers rent designer clothing for a fee. Some, however, are moving in the opposite direction. Groups promoting “work uniforms” have increased greatly in recent years, aiming to free women from “the trouble of clothing decisions”. The concept of the “capsule wardrobe (胶囊衣橱)”, which calls for purchasing a small number of high-quality pieces instead of lots of trendy throwaway clothes, is also making a comeback. 1．What does the survey by Barclaycard suggest? A．Britons follow the fashion stars closely. B．Some Britons over-order and return clothes. C．Britons try on clothes before online purchases. D．Some Britons send outfits back after taking pictures. 2．What’s Fashion Nova’s special service? A．Renting top designers’ clothes. B．Offering customers single-use clothes. C．Creating unique shopping experiences. D．Helping shoppers improve their clothing style. 3．What’s the idea behind the “capsule wardrobe”? A．Better fewer, but better. B．Less addition, but more enjoyment. C．Less uniform, and more freedom. D．More choices, and less trouble. 4．Why does the author write the text? A．To compare different wearing trends. B．To introduce Britain’s new wearing trend. C．To support buying high-quality clothes. D．To criticize the “try before you buy” policy. 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 6 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 热点话题06 在线购物与消费文化 教材相关主题 教材 单元 主题 外研版2019选择性必修四 Unit 4 创新与创业意识 译林版2020选择性必修二 Unit 1 大众传媒及其影响 话题阅读精练 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 Passage 1 阅读理解 说明文 336 讲述了在线市场中的五星级评分系统存在的问题，并提出了改进建议 Passage 2 阅读理解 议论文 386 讨论了电商平台通过“人工评价助推”手段操控评论，导致真实反馈逐渐消失的问题 Passage 3 阅读理解 说明文 328 介绍了拼多多目前面临着国内市场的困境，希望通过扩张国际市场解决这一问题并提升盈利水平 Passage 4 阅读理解 说明文 370 论述了对消费者的退货行为进行收费的必要性 Passage 5 阅读理解 议论文 282 从一个拿现金在无现金店买不到汉堡的故事引出论题：无现金商店该不该禁止，并多方论证 Passage 6 阅读理解 新闻类 311 报道了社交媒体对购物行为的影响，以及由此产生的“先试后买”现象 素材积累 主题简析 本专题的主题语境为 “在线购物与消费文化”，它属于英语课程标准中 “人与社会” 主题语境下的子话题。在互联网技术飞速发展的当下，在线购物已成为全球范围内主流的消费模式，深刻改变着人们的生活方式和消费习惯。消费文化作为社会文化的重要组成部分，在线上购物场景中得以充分展现和演变，不仅反映出消费者的需求与价值观，还与经济发展、科技进步、社会观念等因素紧密相连。通过对这一主题的学习，学生能够深入了解在线购物平台的运作模式、消费心理的变化趋势，以及促销策略、网红经济、直播带货等新兴消费现象背后的文化逻辑。这有助于培养学生的批判性思维，提升他们对现代消费文化的认知与分析能力，使其在面对丰富多样的线上消费信息时，能够保持理性，做出明智的消费决策，同时也能增强学生对社会文化发展的洞察力，理解科技与社会相互作用的关系。 句子积累 With the rapid development of...,...：随着…… 的快速发展，…… ：With the rapid development of the Internet, online shopping has become an integral part of consumer culture.（随着互联网的快速发展，在线购物已成为消费文化不可或缺的一部分。） It is evident that...：很明显…… ：It is evident that promotional activities on e - commerce platforms often influence consumers' purchasing decisions.（很明显，电子商务平台上的促销活动常常影响消费者的购买决策。） ...have a profound impact on...：…… 对…… 有深远影响 ：Live - streaming e - commerce has a profound impact on the development of online shopping and consumer culture.（直播电商对在线购物和消费文化的发展有着深远影响。） It is essential for...to...：…… 有必要…… ：It is essential for consumers to understand consumer psychology to avoid impulse buying.（消费者有必要了解消费心理以避免冲动消费。） Not only...but also...：不但…… 而且…… ：Online shopping not only offers convenience but also changes people's consumption patterns and values.（在线购物不但提供了便利，而且改变了人们的消费模式和价值观。） There is no doubt that...：毫无疑问…… ：There is no doubt that product reviews play a crucial role in building brand awareness on e - commerce platforms.（毫无疑问，产品评价在电子商务平台上建立品牌意识方面起着关键作用。） be influenced by...：受…… 影响 ：Consumers' purchasing behaviors are often influenced by various factors in the online shopping environment.（消费者的购买行为常常受到在线购物环境中各种因素的影响。） be closely related to...：与…… 密切相关 ：Online payment security is closely related to the healthy development of e - commerce.（在线支付安全与电子商务的健康发展密切相关。） 必备词块 online shopping在线购物 e - commerce platform电子商务平台 consumer culture消费文化 online payment在线支付 promotional activities促销活动 consumer psychology消费心理 live - streaming e - commerce直播电商 impulse buying冲动消费 product review产品评价 brand awareness品牌意识 实战演练 Passage 1 Online marketplaces for goods and services are increasingly valuable and powerful. When it comes to their reputation systems, they typically take the form of five-star ratings. While the systems are good enough at identifying and weeding out very low-quality products or suppliers, they do a poor job of separating good from great products or suppliers. This may not be a big issue for marketplaces offering basic, mass-market products and services, but it can be a serious problem for marketplaces where it is important to allow truly great providers to differentiate themselves clearly. In their current application, five-star rating systems suffer from several shortcomings. Lacking motivations for providing truthful feedback, users who have extreme experiences (either very bad or very good) are much more likely to leave feedback than users who have average experiences, thus creating selection biases (偏见). Ratings are also likely to experience “grade” inflation (贬值), so that in some marketplaces having a 4.8-star average, or 96% positive feedback, does not mean that the supplier is particularly exceptional. And in some marketplaces, the difference between 4.5 stars and 4.8 stars could be massive, making it hard for users to differentiate OK suppliers from very good ones. Several options are available to offer users a more precise sense of suppliers’ relative ranking. A basic thing they could do would be to show users the average score for all suppliers in the relevant category. By seeing the whole distribution and where the supplier fits in it, the user could quickly get a sense of the overall situation. The second key measure advocated is to adjust user ratings for differences in reviewing behavior. Specifically, a given user’s review could be given a larger weight if there is a higher variance in the individual’s reviewer scores (in contrast to someone who always gives the same or similar score). Although rating systems alone can't guarantee trust and safety in online marketplaces, applying these measures can make rating systems more reliable and reduce the need for additional services. 1．What is the main problem with the five-star rating systems in online marketplaces? A．They often give wrong ratings to average experiences. B．They are unable to identify low-quality products or suppliers. C．They are not widely used in marketplaces offering basic products. D．They can’t effectively distinguish good from great products or suppliers. 2．What can be inferred from a hotel’s 4.8-star rating on an online travel site? A．Most guests had great stays. B．It offers incomparable service. C．The rating may be misleading. D．It's far better than 4-star hotels. 3．What helps users better understand suppliers’ relative ranking? A．Presenting the exceptional scores of all suppliers. B．Displaying the total number of reviews for each supplier. C．Highlighting reviews from the same user with distinct scores. D．Evaluating reviews from various users with consistent scores. 4．What can we infer about the impact of adjusting user ratings for reviewing behavior? A．It will eliminate all forms of rating bias. B．It will discourage users from leaving feedback altogether. C．It will make suppliers with consistent high ratings less visible. D．It will improve the accuracy of relative rankings among suppliers. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 4．D 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了在线市场中的五星级评分系统存在的问题，并提出了改进建议。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“While the systems are good enough at identifying and weeding out very low-quality products or suppliers, they do a poor job of separating good from great products or suppliers.(虽然这些系统在识别和剔除质量非常低的产品或供应商方面做得足够好，但它们在区分好的产品和供应商与超棒的产品和供应商方面做得很差。)”可知，五星级评分系统的主要问题是无法有效区分好的产品和供应商与超棒的产品和供应商。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Ratings are also likely to experience “grade” inflation (贬值), so that in some marketplaces having a 4.8-star average, or 96% positive feedback, does not mean that the supplier is particularly exceptional.(评级也可能会出现“等级”贬值，所以在一些市场中，平均评级为4.8星，或96%的正面反馈，并不意味着供应商特别出色)”可推知，在线旅游网站上一家酒店的4.8星评级可能会误导人。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Specifically, a given user’s review could be given a larger weight if there is a higher variance in the individual’s reviewer scores (in contrast to someone who always gives the same or similar score). (具体来说，如果一个用户的评分差异较大（与总是给出相同或相似评分的人相比），那么该用户的评论可能会被赋予更大的权重)”可知，突出来自同一用户且评分不同的评论有助于用户更好地理解供应商的相对排名。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段“The second key measure advocated is to adjust user ratings for differences in reviewing behavior. Specifically, a given user’s review could be given a larger weight if there is a higher variance in the individual’s reviewer scores (in contrast to someone who always gives the same or similar score).(倡导的第二个关键措施是根据评论行为的差异调整用户评分。具体来说，如果一个用户的评论者分数有更高的方差（与总是给出相同或相似分数的人相比），那么该用户的评论可能会被赋予更大的权重。)”可知，调整用户评价对评论会提高供应商之间相对排名的准确性。故选D。 Passage 2 There’s a popular saying that if only one voice is allowed to exist; then that one voice must be a lie. This quote couldn’t be more relevant now, as many businesses and platforms are using shady practices to silence negative feedback and ensure only those voices benefiting them remain. This practice is so-called “artificial review boosting”, and has been influencing objectivity in reviews ever since. Its origin dates back to the 20th century when businesses would hand out free samples to obtain a better reputation. However, the practice rises to a new extreme with the emergence of e-commerce platforms. Many online businesses do whatever it takes to ensure high-rating scores, either through giving bonuses and rewards to customers who leave a good review or through bothering and threatening those who leave a negative one. This behavior is not only morally corrupt but also illegal, and it is absurd that many consumers feel they can’t leave negative feedback out of fear that businesses will cause trouble. It’s apparent that this problem is getting out of hand, but how can we fix it? Regulator intervention would certainly help. There should be a tougher crackdown on illegal practices, and e-commerce platforms should be required to protect the privacy of their users. Nevertheless, this is just a small part of the changes needed, as the rating system as a whole needs restructuring. That’s because this system rewards dishonest sellers rather than those selling quality products, and e-commerce platforms, with their profits unaffected, turn a blind eye to its faults. Against all odds, honest feedback has persisted and people who voice their true opinions still exist, but they are becoming rarer. There’s an old saying that if you put a frog in boiling water, it will leap out, but if you cook the frog slowly in warm water, it won’t notice being cooked alive. We consumers are just like frogs — it’s easy for us to fight together against terrible acts robbing our freedom, but we often ignore when the same freedom is gradually taken from us. There will be no grand coup de grace (致命一击) that ends honest feedback. Companies will just let it fade away slowly but we mustn’t allow that to happen because consumers play a more important role in keeping honest feedback. 1．What is the main issue discussed in the text? A．The illegal practices of consumers. B．The history of e-commerce platforms. C．The benefits of free samples for businesses. D．The decline of honest feedback due to artificial review boosting. 2．How do businesses ensure high-rating scores according to the text? A．By improving product quality. B．By cooperating with regulators. C．By restructuring the rating system. D．By rewarding positive reviews and threatening negative reviewers. 3．What does the frog analogy imply about consumers? A．They are as adaptable as frogs in hot water. B．They are easily frightened by sudden threats. C．They fail to notice the gradual loss of their freedom. D．They should fight against terrible acts immediately. 4．What does the author suggest about the current rating system? A．It effectively promotes honest sellers. B．It prioritizes dishonest sellers over honest ones. C．It has been improved by e-commerce platforms. D．It is unaffected by consumer feedback and product quality. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．C 4．B 【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了电商平台通过“人工评价助推”手段操控评论，导致真实反馈逐渐消失的问题，并呼吁消费者和监管机构采取行动。 1．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“There’s a popular saying that if only one voice is allowed to exist; then that one voice must be a lie. This quote couldn’t be more relevant now, as many businesses and platforms are using shady practices to silence negative feedback and ensure only those voices benefiting them remain.(有句流行的话说，如果只允许一种声音存在，那么这种声音一定是谎言。这句话现在再合适不过了，因为许多企业和平台都在使用不正当手段来压制负面反馈，只保留那些对他们有利的声音)”和第二段中“This behavior is not only morally corrupt but also illegal, and it is absurd that many consumers feel they can’t leave negative feedback out of fear that businesses will cause trouble. (这种行为不仅在道德上腐败，而且是非法的，荒谬的是许多消费者因为害怕企业会找麻烦而不敢留下负面反馈)”以及下文对“人工评价助推”现象的阐述可知，文章主要讨论的是由于“人工评价助推”导致真实反馈的减少。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Many online businesses do whatever it takes to ensure high rating scores, either through giving bonuses and rewards to customers who leave a good review or through bothering and threatening those who leave a negative one.(许多在线企业会不惜一切代价确保高评分，要么给留下好评的顾客发放奖金和奖励，要么骚扰和威胁留下差评的顾客)”可知，企业通过奖励好评和威胁差评者来确保高评分。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“There’s an old saying that if you put a frog in boiling water, it will leap out, but if you cook the frog slowly in warm water, it won’t notice being cooked alive. We consumers are just like frogs — it’s easy for us to fight together against terrible acts robbing our freedom, but we often ignore when the same freedom is gradually taken from us.(有句老话说，如果你把一只青蛙放进沸水里，它会跳出来，但如果你把青蛙放在温水中慢慢煮，它不会注意到自己正在被活活煮死。我们消费者就像青蛙一样——我们很容易团结起来对抗剥夺我们自由的可怕行为，但当同样的自由被逐渐剥夺时，我们往往会忽视)”可知，青蛙的类比暗示了和温水煮青蛙一样，消费者没有注意到他们的自由在逐渐丧失。故选C项。 4．细节理解题。根据第三段中“That’s because this system rewards dishonest sellers rather than those selling quality products, and e commerce platforms, with their profits unaffected, turn a blind eye to its faults.(这是因为这个系统奖励的是不诚实的卖家，而不是那些销售优质产品的卖家，而且电子商务平台在利润不受影响的情况下，对其缺陷视而不见)”可知，作者认为当前的评分系统优先考虑不诚实的卖家而非诚实的卖家。故选B项。 Passage 3 Victories are temporary in China’s fast-changing economy. Earlier this month Colin Huang, the founder of Pinduoduo, became China’s richest man. The company, founded in 2015, today is China’s third-largest e-commerce firm by sales, behind only JD．com and Alibaba. Mr Huang’s time atop China’s rich list was, however, brief. On August 26th Pinduoduo’s share price decreased by nearly 30% after it reported sales for the quarter from April to June fell short of the market’s high expectations and gave warning that a long-run decline in profitability was “unavoidable”. Pinduoduo’s misfortunes are set against a backdrop of weakening consumer spending in China. In June sales from the “618” shopping festival fell for the first time, despite a number of platforms extending their sales periods this year. A fierce price war is adding to the trouble. Visit any Chinese e-commerce site and you will be impressed by signs advertising huge discounts and promising the cheapest deals online. Competition has grown more intense because of attacks into e-commerce by short-video apps such as Douyin and Xiaohongshu. Some merchants are piling yet more pressure on the industry. Some Chinese e-commerce companies juice their sales by fining merchants for late deliveries or product mismatches. Last month hundreds of suppliers surrounded the offices of Temu, Pinduoduo’s foreign branch, in the southern city of Guangzhou to protest against such punishment. Pinduoduo may be hoping that international expansion will rescue it from deteriorating conditions at home. That will not be straightforward. Although the number of people using Temu, which launched in America in 2022, has rocketed, owing in no small part to the vast amounts it has spent on advertising, turning that into profit has proved trickier. What is more, America’s e-commerce Amazon is fighting back against the Chinese upstart. During its Prime Day sale in July it offered discounts of up to 70% on some products. It is also reportedly planning to launch a discount section on its site which will feature cheap items. 1．Why did Pinduoduo’s share price decrease sharply? A．China is experiencing a major economic boom. B．Colin Huang failed to run the company well. C．Sales for the second quarter didn’t meet the expectations. D．Consumers were unwilling to spend money on the platform. 2．What difficulty is Pinduoduo faced with? A．The rapid rise of JD．com and Alibaba. B．The pressure from consumers and suppliers. C．The invasion of many overseas e-commerce giants. D．The intense price competition and weak purchasing power. 3．What does the underlined word “deteriorating” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Declining. B．Alarming. C．Increasing. D．Changing. 4．How does the author find Pinduoduo’s expansion of international market? A．Hopeful. B．Cautious. C．Unclear. D．Favourable. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了拼多多目前面临着国内市场的困境，希望通过扩张国际市场解决这一问题，提升盈利，但是作者对此并不十分看好，认为这是一件不容易的事。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“On August 26th Pinduoduo’s share price decreased by nearly 30% after it reported sales for the quarter from April to June fell short of the market’s high expectations and gave warning that a long-run decline in profitability was “unavoidable”. (8月26日，拼多多公布了从4月到6月的季度销售额低于市场的高预期，并警告称长期盈利能力的下降是“不可避免的”，随后其股价下跌了近30%)”可知，拼多多股价大幅下跌是因为第二季度销售额没有达到预期。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Pinduoduo’s misfortunes are set against a backdrop of weakening consumer spending in China. (拼多多的不幸发生在中国消费者支出疲软的背景下)”和“A fierce price war is adding to the trouble. (激烈的价格战加剧了麻烦)”可知，拼多多面临的困难是激烈的价格竞争和消费者疲软的购买力。故选D项。 3．词句猜测题。根据前一段主要介绍拼多多在国内市场遇到的各种麻烦，以及划线词上文“Pinduoduo may be hoping that international expansion will rescue it (拼多多可能希望通过国际扩张来拯救自己)”可推知，该段首句是指拼多多想通过国际扩张的方法解决不断恶化的国内环境带来的问题，划线词意思应该是“不断恶化的，越来越差的”，与Declining意思相近。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段中“That will not be straightforward. Although the number of people using Temu, which launched in America in 2022, has rocketed, owing in no small part to the vast amounts it has spent on advertising, turning that into profit has proved trickier. (这并不简单。尽管使用于2022年在美国推出的Temu的人数猛增，这在很大程度上要归功于它在广告上的巨额投入，但将其转化为利润却更加棘手)”和最后一段中“What is more, America’s e-commerce Amazon is fighting back against the Chinese upstart. (更重要的是，美国电子商务巨头亚马逊正在反击中国的后起之秀)”可知，作者指出拼多多在美国推出的Temu很难实现盈利，而且还面临亚马逊的大力反击。由此推知，作者认为拼多多想要拓展国际市场并不容易，其态度是谨慎小心的。故选B项。 Passage 4 The days of the bedroom fitting room are numbered. Online retail giant (零售巨头) Boohoo has become the latest in a string of retailers to start charging shoppers for returns. By offering free returns in the first place, companies, such as Boohoo, created entirely new behaviour around shopping. A 2018 study found that 9% of UK consumers buy clothes to post on social media, only to return them straight after. Almost one in five 35-to 44-year-olds admit to doing it, and men, apparently, do it more than women. However, when clothes are returned, they’re likely to be thrown away rather than resold. This is because processing returns is time-consuming and costly. Buttons need to be rebuttoned, labels need to be reattached, products need refolding and rebagging, and then they must be put back  into the system for sale. So it is clearly a cheaper and easier solution for businesses to send the whole lot to landfills (垃圾填埋场). It’s really a great waste of resources, not to mention an insult (冒 犯) to the skilled people who put their time into making each product, but it’s the reality of modern fashion. When clothes don’t become rubbish, there’s still the impact of the extra shipping to consider, as well as the packaging waste. About 180bn plastic bags are produced every year to store, protect and transport clothes, and less than 15% of them are collected for recycling. The impact of returns is a fairly well-kept secret, likely to keep people shopping guilt-free (没有负罪感地). But even if it was widely known, it wouldn’t guarantee people would stop treating returns thoughtlessly. After all, other environmental and human impacts of fast fashion are out there for all to see and yet the industry continues to thrive. Hopefully, charging for returns is expected to change people’s behavior. Without free returns on the table, shoppers may think twice about buying 10 items when they know they’ll only keep five or buying clothes purely for social media content. And with the arrival of return charges, the clothes we already have might also start to look a little more appealing. 1．Why do retailers tend to throw away returned clothes? A．To keep up with the latest fashion. B．To avoid a huge waste of resources. C．To let the skilled people feel honored. D．To save the trouble of processing returns. 2．What does the author think people will do if they know the impacts of returns? A．They will feel guilty about shopping. B．They will continue their shopping behavior. C．They will consider their shopping carefully. D．They will keep their shopping behavior secret. 3．What does the author say about the move to charge for returns? A．It puts great pressure on customers. B．It can influence social media content. C．It can do little to help reduce returns. D．It will turn out to be an effective measure. 4．What is the main idea of the text? A．It is necessary to charge shoppers for returns. B．It is difficult to control the number of returns. C．Many retailers are struggling to process returns. D．People have different opinions on the end of free returns. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．D 4．A 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要论述了对消费者的退货行为进行收费的必要性。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段的“This is because processing returns is time-consuming and costly. Buttons need to be rebuttoned, labels need to be reattached, products need refolding and rebagging, and then they must be put back into the system for sale. (这是因为处理退货既耗时又昂贵。纽扣需要重新订好，标签需要重新贴上，产品需要重新折叠和重新标记，然后必须重新放入系统中进行销售)”可知，销售商之所以会把退回的衣物扔掉是为了省去处理衣服的麻烦。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“But even if it was widely known, it wouldn’t guarantee people would stop treating returns thoughtlessly. After all, other environmental and human impacts of fast fashion are out there for all to see and yet the industry continues to thrive.(但即使它广为人知，也不能保证人们会停止轻率地对待退货。毕竟，快时尚对环境和人类的其他影响是有目共睹的，但该行业仍在继续蓬勃发展)”可知，作者认为即使人们知道退货会造成的影响，他们还是会继续他们的退货行为。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Hopefully, charging for returns is expected to change people’s behavior. Without free returns on the table, shoppers may think twice about buying 10 items when they know they’ll only keep five or buying clothes purely for social media content. And with the arrival of return charges, the clothes we already have might also start to look a little more appealing.(希望收取费用有望改变人们的行为。如果没有免费退货，购物者可能会再三考虑购买10件商品，因为他们知道自己只会保留5件，或者购买纯粹用于社交媒体内容的衣服。随着退货费用的到来，我们现有的衣服可能也开始看起来更有吸引力)”可推知，作者认为这种对于退货行为收费的措施会很有效。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据全文以及最后一段“Hopefully, charging for returns is expected to change people’s behavior. Without free returns on the table, shoppers may think twice about buying 10 items when they know they’ll only keep five or buying clothes purely for social media content. And with the arrival of return charges, the clothes we already have might also start to look a little more appealing.(希望收取费用有望改变人们的行为。如果没有免费退货，购物者可能会再三考虑购买10件商品，因为他们知道自己只会保留5件，或者购买纯粹用于社交媒体内容的衣服。随着退货费用的到来，我们现有的衣服可能也开始看起来更有吸引力)”可知，文章主要论述了对消费者的退货行为进行收费的必要性。故选A。 Passage 5 Just wanting a hamburger, Hembert Figueroa was surprised to learn the dollar bills in his pocket were no good at Dos Toros Taqueria in Manhanttan. Figueroa, an ironworker, had to stand to the side, holding his hamburger, until a cashier helped him find another customer willing to pay for his meal with a card in exchange for cash. “I had money but I couldn’t pay,” he said. Cash-free stores are causing a backlash among some activists who say the practice looks down upon people like Figueroa, who either lack bank accounts or rely on cash for many transactions(交易). Supporters for banning cashless stores worry technology is moving too fast for the 6.5% of American households—8.4 million—that do not have a bank account. Business owners who go cashless say they are following the lead of majority of customers who are abandoning cash payments. Retailers(零售商)are under pressure to satisfy customers with higher expectations for fast and convenient service, driven by companies like Amazon and Uber. Leo Kremer, co-worker of Dos Toros, said the amount of cash transactions at his stores fell from about 50% a decade ago to 15% last year. Cash transactions made handling cash especially troublesome. Before going cashless, Dos Toros locations were robbed twice. Financial experts who work with low-income people caution against making assumptions about the shopping preferences or buying power of those who rely on cash. Justine Zinkin, CEO of Neighborhood Trust Financial Partners, said the greater urgency in the digital time is finding ways to better include low-income people in the banking system, such as urging banks to offer no-fee starter accounts and encouraging banks to open branches in underserved areas. 1．What trouble was Hembert Figueroa faced with at Dos Toros Taqueria? A．He couldn’t make a deal with cash. B．He failed to find a cashier for help. C．He took no money or a card with him. D．He was caught carrying false bank notes. 2．What does the underlined word “backlash” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Heated debate. B．Warm welcome. C．Strong disagreement. D．High expectation. 3．What did Justine Zinkin suggest according to the text? A．Making regulations to ban cashless stores. B．Raising the buying power of low-income people. C．Finding ways for banks to adapt with the digital time. D．Making banks more accessible to low-income people. 4．What’s the best title of this passage? A．Cashless stores—a production of new technology B．Should cashless stores be banned? C．Cashless stores, a new form of transaction D．Are cashless stores preferred by low-income people? 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B 【解析】这是一篇议论文。本文从一个拿现金在无现金店买不到汉堡的故事引出论题：无现金商店该不该禁止？并多方论证。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“until a cashier helped him find another customer willing to pay for his meal with a card in exchange for cash.”可知收银员给他找了一个顾客用卡代替现金支付了他的套餐，即他不能用现金付餐费。故选A。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段“Cash-free stores are causing a backlash among some activists who say the practice looks down upon people like Figueroa, who either lack bank accounts or rely on cash for many transactions（交易）.”可知无现金的商店使激进分子产生了一个backlash。这些激进分子认为这一操作是对像Figueroa这类没有银行账号或者在许多交易中都使用现金的人的歧视。由此可知，激进分子对这一操作极为不满。故backlash意为“不满、不赞同”。故选C。 3．推理判断题。最后一段最后一句“…the greater urgency in the digital time is finding ways to better include low-income people in the banking system”，可知他指出在数字化时代急需做的事是更好的把低收入群体纳入到银行系统。可推测出，他的建议是让这些低收入者也能使用银行账户。选项D的“Making banks more accessible to low-income people.”“使低收入群体更好的进入银行系统。”故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Just wanting a hamburger, Hembert Figueroa was surprised to learn the dollar bills in his pocket were no good”可知想要一个汉堡的Figueroa很惊讶的发现口袋里的钱不太好用。本文从这样一个现金使用故事引出话题：无现金店该不该禁止？此后从赞同和反对两方面陈述了一些群体的观点。故选B。 Passage 6 Buying clothes for special events, hiding the price tickets and returning them to the store the next day has for years been the method of money-saving shoppers. Today people are doing it just for social media. A survey conducted by the credit card company Barclaycard showed that nearly one in ten UK shoppers admits to buying clothing only to post photos on social media for likes. After the “outfit (装束) of the day” (OOTD) makes it online, they return it back to the store. According to Barclaycard, the “try before you buy” policy of online retailers (零售商) — where people pay for clothing they order online after they try it on at home — could be leading to this rising trend. But the rise of social media means that everyone, not just superstars, expects to build and maintain a personal brand. Since we’re recording our lives and posting them online for public judgement, getting caught in the same outfits more than once should be avoided. And the cost of all those outfits of the day adds up, which makes returning a popular way. There are brands that make clothes specially for social media shoppers, like Fashion Nova. “These are clothes made for social media: meant to be worn once, photographed and abandoned,” Allison P. Davis wrote in her report about the brand. Another favourite of the social media age is Rent the Runway, which lets customers rent designer clothing for a fee. Some, however, are moving in the opposite direction. Groups promoting “work uniforms” have increased greatly in recent years, aiming to free women from “the trouble of clothing decisions”. The concept of the “capsule wardrobe (胶囊衣橱)”, which calls for purchasing a small number of high-quality pieces instead of lots of trendy throwaway clothes, is also making a comeback. 1．What does the survey by Barclaycard suggest? A．Britons follow the fashion stars closely. B．Some Britons over-order and return clothes. C．Britons try on clothes before online purchases. D．Some Britons send outfits back after taking pictures. 2．What’s Fashion Nova’s special service? A．Renting top designers’ clothes. B．Offering customers single-use clothes. C．Creating unique shopping experiences. D．Helping shoppers improve their clothing style. 3．What’s the idea behind the “capsule wardrobe”? A．Better fewer, but better. B．Less addition, but more enjoyment. C．Less uniform, and more freedom. D．More choices, and less trouble. 4．Why does the author write the text? A．To compare different wearing trends. B．To introduce Britain’s new wearing trend. C．To support buying high-quality clothes. D．To criticize the “try before you buy” policy. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．B 【解析】本文一篇新闻报道。文章报道了社交媒体对购物行为的影响，以及由此产生的“先试后买”现象。文中提到，现在人们购买衣服不仅仅是为了省钱，更多的是为了在社交媒体上展示自己的时尚品味。同时，文章还提到了社交媒体时代的另一个趋势是租赁设计师服装，以及近年来出现的“工作制服”和“胶囊衣橱”的概念。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“A survey conducted by the credit card company Barclaycard showed that nearly one in ten UK shoppers admits to buying clothing only to post photos on social media for likes. After the “outfit (装束) of the day” (OOTD) makes it online, they return it back to the store.(巴克莱信用卡公司进行的一项调查显示，近十分之一的英国消费者承认，他们买衣服只是为了把照片上传到社交媒体上点赞。当“今日之装”(OOTD)在网上发布后，他们会将其退回商店。)”可知，巴克莱卡的调查表明一些英国人会在拍照后把衣服退回去。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中“There are brands that make clothes specially for social media shoppers, like Fashion Nova. “These are clothes made for social media: meant to be worn once, photographed and abandoned,” Allison P. Davis wrote in her report about the brand.(有些品牌专门为社交媒体购物者制作服装，比如Fashion Nova。“这些都是为社交媒体制作的衣服：穿一次，拍一张照片，然后扔掉，”艾莉森·P·戴维斯(Allison P. Davis)在关于该品牌的报告中写道。)”可知，Fashion Nova的特别服务是为顾客提供一次性衣服。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The concept of the “capsule wardrobe (胶囊衣橱)”, which calls for purchasing a small number of high-quality pieces instead of lots of trendy throwaway clothes, is also making a comeback.(“胶囊衣橱”的概念也正在卷土重来，它要求人们购买少量高质量的衣服，而不是购买大量时髦的一次性衣服。)”可知，“胶囊衣橱”背后的理念是“少而好，才是更好”。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章报道了在社交媒体时代，人们购买衣服不仅仅是为了省钱，更多的是为了在社交媒体上展示自己的时尚品味。在英国，相应的租赁设计师服装服务和“工作制服”以及“胶囊衣橱”等概念正在兴起。由此推知。作者写这篇文章是为了介绍英国新的着装趋势。故选B项。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 6 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$