热点话题04 病毒预防与身体健康（话题阅读精练）英语高二通用版

热点话题04 病毒预防与身体健康 教材相关主题 教材 单元 主题 人教版2019选择性必修二 Unit 5 生活中的急救知识 人教版2019选择性必修三 Unit 2 健康的生活方式 外研版2019选择性必修一 Unit 1 积极的生活态度 外研版2019选择性必修一 Unit 2 积极的生活态度 译林版2020选择性必修二 Unit 3 医学进展、疾病与健康 话题阅读精练 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 Passage 1 阅读理解 说明文 345 讲述了现代青少年面临的两大健康问题——沉迷数字设备和缺乏体育活动 Passage 2 阅读理解 说明文 333 介绍了零食中含有大量的碳水化合物和脂肪，不仅可以使人上瘾，同时对身体也有害。 Passage 3 阅读理解 记叙文 337 心理学家建议家长在饮食上少干预，作者尝试策略后发现孩子能做更好的饮食决策 Passage 4 阅读理解 新闻类 351 生部门负责人将使用人工智能技术来筛查和治疗有患丙型肝炎风险的人 Passage 5 阅读理解 说明文 338 介绍了一种名为BTN3A3的抗病毒基因已经被发现，它可以阻止大多数禽流感病毒传播给人类 Passage 6 阅读理解 说明文 436 麻疹病毒也可能留下一种更持久的“免疫健忘症”，这使得人们很难在两年或更长时间内避免其他疾病 素材积累 主题简析 本专题的主题语境为 “病毒预防与身体健康”，它隶属于英语课程标准中 “人与自我” 主题语境下的子话题。在全球化进程加快与公共卫生事件频发的背景下，病毒预防与身体健康已成为全人类共同关注的焦点。身体健康是个体发展的基础，而病毒作为威胁人类健康的重要因素，其预防工作不仅关乎个人生命安全，也对社会稳定和经济发展有着深远影响。通过对这一主题的学习，学生能够深入了解病毒的传播机制、致病原理，掌握科学有效的预防措施，如个人卫生习惯养成、疫苗接种重要性、公共卫生政策作用等。同时，也能培养学生健康生活意识，增强自我保护能力，学会在面对病毒威胁时保持理性与科学的态度。此外，还能引导学生思考病毒与人类社会的关系，以及如何从个人、社区乃至全球层面共同维护身体健康，提升社会责任感与全球公民意识。 句子积累 It is widely recognized that...：人们普遍认为…… ：It is widely recognized that vaccination is one of the most effective ways for virus prevention.（人们普遍认为，疫苗接种是病毒预防最有效的方式之一。） ...have a significant influence on...：…… 对…… 有重大影响 ：Good personal hygiene habits have a significant influence on protecting our physical health from viruses.（良好的个人卫生习惯对保护我们的身体健康免受病毒侵害有重大影响。） With the aim of...,...：为了……，…… ：With the aim of preventing virus spread, the government has implemented strict quarantine policies.（为了防止病毒传播，政府实施了严格的隔离政策。） It is crucial that...：…… 是至关重要的 ：It is crucial that we understand the transmission routes of viruses to take appropriate preventive measures.（我们了解病毒的传播途径以采取适当的预防措施是至关重要的。） Not only...but also...：不但…… 而且…… ：Regular exercise not only strengthens the immune system but also improves our overall physical health.（定期锻炼不但能增强免疫系统，而且能提升我们整体的身体健康水平。） There is no denying that...：不可否认…… ：There is no denying that public health policies play a vital role in epidemic prevention and control.（不可否认，公共卫生政策在疫情防控中发挥着至关重要的作用。） be designed to...：旨在…… ：Disinfection measures in public places are designed to reduce the risk of virus transmission.（公共场所的消毒措施旨在降低病毒传播风险。） be closely linked to...：与…… 紧密相连 ：A strong immune system is closely linked to maintaining good physical health during a virus outbreak.（强大的免疫系统与在病毒爆发期间保持身体健康紧密相连。） 必备词块 virus prevention病毒预防 physical health身体健康 vaccination疫苗接种 personal hygiene个人卫生 transmission route传播途径 public health policy公共卫生政策 epidemic prevention and control疫情防控 immune system免疫系统 disinfection measures消毒措施 quarantine policy隔离政策 实战演练 Passage 1 Nowadays, many teenagers are addicted to digital devices. They spend hours on end playing mobile games, watching videos on social media, or chatting with friends online. This not only takes up a large amount of their study and exercise time but also has a negative impact on their eyesight and mental health. According to a recent research, over 60% of teenagers in a certain area suffer from myopia, and a significant number of them show signs of anxiety and depression due to excessive use of digital devices. Another common problem among teenagers is lack of physical activity. With the popularity of sedentary activities like watching TV and playing computer games, many teenagers rarely engage in outdoor sports. A study shows that only about 30% of teenagers meet the recommended amount of physical activity per week. This lack of exercise can lead to weight gain, weak muscles, and a higher risk of developing various diseases in the long run. However, there are many ways for teenagers to develop a healthy lifestyle. Firstly, they should limit their screen time. Set a specific time limit for using digital devices every day, for example, no more than two hours. Instead of spending hours on the phone, they can pick up a book to read, which can expand their knowledge and improve their language skills. Secondly, regular physical exercise is essential. Joining a sports club or simply going for a jog in the park three to four times a week can make a big difference. Exercise not only helps to keep fit but also releases stress and makes people feel more energetic. Thirdly, a balanced diet is also crucial. Teenagers should eat more fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, and reduce the intake of junk food like hamburgers, fries, and sugary drinks. In conclusion, although modern life brings many conveniences, it also poses threats to the health of teenagers. By being aware of these problems and taking active measures, such as limiting screen time, exercising regularly, and maintaining a balanced diet, teenagers can lead a healthy lifestyle and grow up healthily. 1．What is the main problem with teenagers’ lifestyle nowadays according to the passage? A．They don’t have enough sleep. B．They are addicted to digital devices and lack physical activity. C．They eat too much junk food. D．They don’t communicate well with their parents. 2．What percentage of teenagers meet the recommended amount of physical activity per week? A．Over 60%. B．About 30%. C．Only 20%. D．Nearly 50%. 3．Which of the following is a good way for teenagers to develop a healthy lifestyle? A．Spending more time on mobile games. B．Eating more junk food. C．Limiting screen time and doing regular exercise. D．Staying up late to study. 4．What would be the best title for the passage? A．The Popularity of Digital Devices Among Teenagers B．The Importance of Physical Activity C．How Teenagers Can Develop a Healthy Lifestyle D．The Harm of Junk Food 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了现代青少年面临的两大健康问题——沉迷数字设备和缺乏体育活动，并针对这些问题提出了相应的解决方案，以帮助青少年养成健康的生活方式。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Nowadays, many teenagers are addicted to digital devices.(如今，许多青少年沉迷于数字设备)”和第二段“Another common problem among teenagers is lack of physical activity.(青少年的另一个常见问题是缺乏体育锻炼)”可知，当下青少年生活方式的主要问题是沉迷数字设备且缺乏体育活动，故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“A study shows that only about 30% of teenagers meet the recommended amount of physical activity per week.(一项研究表明，只有大约30%的青少年达到了每周推荐的运动量)”可知，只有约30%的青少年达到每周推荐的体育活动量，故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“Firstly, they should limit their screen time.(首先，他们应该限制看屏幕的时间)”和“Secondly, regular physical exercise is essential.(其次，定期的体育锻炼是必不可少的)”可知，限制屏幕时间和进行规律锻炼是青少年养成健康生活方式的好方法，故选C。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是倒数第二段“However, there are many ways for teenagers to develop a healthy lifestyle. Firstly, they should limit their screen time. Set a specific time limit for using digital devices every day, for example, no more than two hours. Instead of spending hours on the phone, they can pick up a book to read, which can expand their knowledge and improve their language skills. Secondly, regular physical exercise is essential. Joining a sports club or simply going for a jog in the park three to four times a week can make a big difference. Exercise not only helps to keep fit but also releases stress and makes people feel more energetic. Thirdly, a balanced diet is also crucial. Teenagers should eat more fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, and reduce the intake of junk food like hamburgers, fries, and sugary drinks.(然而，有很多方法可以让青少年养成健康的生活方式。首先，他们应该限制看屏幕的时间。设定每天使用电子设备的具体时间限制，例如不超过两个小时。他们可以拿起一本书来阅读，而不是花几个小时打电话，这可以扩展他们的知识，提高他们的语言技能。其次，定期的体育锻炼是必不可少的。参加一个体育俱乐部，或者只是每周去公园慢跑三到四次，都会有很大的不同。运动不仅有助于保持健康，而且还能释放压力，使人感到更有活力。第三，均衡的饮食也很重要。青少年应该多吃水果、蔬菜和全谷物，减少垃圾食品的摄入，比如汉堡、薯条和含糖饮料)”可知，本文主要讲述了现代青少年面临的两大健康问题——沉迷数字设备和缺乏体育活动，并针对这些问题提出了相应的解决方案，以帮助青少年养成健康的生活方式，因此最好的题目是C选项“How Teenagers Can Develop a Healthy Lifestyle(青少年如何养成健康的生活方式)”。故选C。 Passage 2 We usually hear the term addiction used when talking about drugs or alcohol. But researchers are finding that certain foods can trigger the same feelings as drugs. It all comes down to what’s happening in the brain. When we feel a happy rush, it’s due to a flood of the feel-good chemical dopamine in the striatum (终脑的皮层). The striatum gets a dopamine rush when something good happens. Drugs and alcohol can cause a similar high. So, it turns out, can some popular snack foods with a high level of carbohydrates and fats. The problem isn’t with all foods containing carbohydrates and fats. Fruit is full of sugar. Oats and other whole grains have lots of carbs. Nuts and meat have fat. But such unprocessed foods eaten in a form that’s similar to how they grew — also contain other nutrients, such as fiber, that slow digestion. That limits how quickly our bodies can absorb the nutrients. Cookies, candy, soda, fries and other highly processed foods, however, lack those additional nutrients. Such foods contain ingredients that have been highly changed from their natural state. They’re full of easy-to-absorb carbohydrates (such as simple sugars) and added fats. What’s more, they often contain ingredients that don’t naturally occur together. “Sugar and fat don’t come together in nature,” says Gearhardt, a psychologist at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. But highly processed foods often “have unnaturally high levels of both carbohydrates and fat.” When we eat these foods, we get a quick “hit” of carbs and fats that give the brain a boost. That makes us want to eat them again and again. Thus we become addicted. “Pay attention to what you eat”, Gearhardt says. That doesn’t mean you can’t have a donut or pizza now and then. But just be sure you’re aware of what you’re eating. When you have a choice, fight back and take control of your health by including foods that nourish your body and brain. 1．Why are people addicted to drugs? A．Because they contain a lot of the chemical dopamine. B．Because they cause a high level of carbohydrates and fats. C．Because they help something good happen to the striatum. D．Because they produce strong feel-good chemical in the brain. 2．Which food can limit the speed of the absorption of its nutrients? A．Donuts. B．Meat. C．Candy. D．Fries. 3．Which statement is true according to Gearhardt in paragraph 3? A．Cookies are full of easy-to-absorb carbohydrates and fibers. B．Carbohydrates and fats are mixed together in their natural state. C．The unprocessed food rich in sugar usually do not contain fat. D．Highly processed foods lack additional nutrients to stop digestion. 4．What is the purpose of the author in writing this passage? A．To advise people to avoid addictive snack foods. B．To warn people of the side effect of snack foods. C．To inform readers of the findings of a latest research. D．To analyse negative opinions towards nutrients in foods. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A 【解析】这是一篇说明文。介绍了零食中含有大量的碳水化合物和脂肪，不仅可以使人上瘾，同时对身体也有害。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“It all comes down to what’s happening in the brain. When we feel a happy rush, it’s due to a flood of the feel-good chemical dopamine in the striatum (终脑的皮层). The striatum gets a dopamine rush when something good happens. Drugs and alcohol can cause a similar high.(这一切都归结于大脑中发生的事情。当我们感到快乐时，这是由于纹状体中大量的感觉良好的化学物质多巴胺。当好事发生时，纹状体会分泌多巴胺。毒品和酒精也能引起类似的兴奋)”可知，人们会对毒品上瘾是因为它们在大脑中产生强烈的感觉良好的化学物质。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Fruit is full of sugar. Oats and other whole grains have lots of carbs. Nuts and meat have fat. But such unprocessed foods eaten in a form that’s similar to how they grew — also contain other nutrients, such as fiber, that slow digestion. That limits how quickly our bodies can absorb the nutrients.(水果富含糖。燕麦和其他全谷物含有大量的碳水化合物。坚果和肉有脂肪。但这种未经加工的食物，以类似于它们生长的形式食用，也含有其他营养物质，如纤维，可以减缓消化。这限制了我们身体吸收营养的速度)”可知，肉会限制营养吸收的速度。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“Sugar and fat don’t come together in nature(糖和脂肪在自然界中不能结合在一起)”可知，未加工的富含糖的食物通常不含脂肪。C选项正确，故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“When you have a choice, fight back and take control of your health by including foods that nourish your body and brain.(当你有选择的时候，反击并控制你的健康，包括滋养你的身体和大脑的食物)”可知， 作者写这篇文章的目的是建议人们不要吃容易上瘾的零食。故选A项。 Passage 3 When I was a child I was often told what not to eat. “You don’t want to get fat” was on constant repeat throughout my childhood. It really messed up my relationship with food — something that took me years to overcome. Because of this, I’m careful not to connect what my kids weigh with their worth as people. I encourage my daughter to make healthy snack choices and often dissuade (劝阻) her from a second dessert. But one day when I heard her saying “I think I’m too fat,” my heart sank. It made me wonder if giving her advice on snacks was having an unintentionally negative impact. According to Charlotte Markey, a professor of psychology, food is one of the rare subjects where, as parents, saying less is more. “There are so many things in parenting that are good to talk through, but I’m not convinced that food is one of them,” she says. “It just creates some worries and insecurities in kids that aren’t necessarily healthy.” Instead, she recommends applying a well-known concept among nutrition experts called the “Division of Responsibility,” where parents provide a variety of mostly healthy foods to their kids at fixed times, and the kids themselves decide what and how much they want to consume — even if that means occasionally eating more cookies than carrots. Allowing kids to eat what they want also exposes them to the natural consequences of their decisions. “When your child says, ‘My stomach hurts,’ you can say, ‘Well you had a lot of sugary foods and you might feel better if you made some other choices,’” says Markey. “Let them feel like they have some control over it.” I’ve been trying out these strategies and I’ve found that when I’m less restrictive, they do make better decisions. “Feeding is a long game,” says Markey. “The food you have available makes a huge difference. Even if they don’t eat it, they’ re seeing it. And then all of a sudden it clicks.” 1．What can be inferred about the author from the first paragraph? A．She is upset by her kids’ weight. B．She is critical of the way she was fed. C．She is interested in making food. D．She is particular about what she eats. 2．Which of the following would Markey disapprove of? A．Allowing kids to eat cookies occasionally. B．Offering various foods to kids at fixed times. C．Explaining to kids the risks of taking snacks. D．Talking with kids about school at mealtimes. 3．What should kids do according to the “Division of Responsibility”? A．Make diet decisions on their own. B．Share their food with other kids. C．Eat up what is provided for them. D．Help their parents do the dishes. 4．What does the author think of the strategies she has been following? A．Costly. B．Complex. C．Workable. D．Contradictory. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．C 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。作者自己因童年时被灌输饮食观念而影响了与食物的关系，心理学家建议家长在饮食上少干预，作者尝试策略后发现孩子能做更好的饮食决策。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“When I was a child I was often told what not to eat. ‘You don’t want to get fat’ was on constant repeat throughout my childhood. It really messed up my relationship with food — something that took me years to overcome. (当我还是个孩子的时候，我经常被告知什么不能吃。“你不想变胖”这句话在我整个童年时期不断重复。这真的搞砸了我与食物的关系 —— 这是我花了多年时间才克服的问题)”可知，作者童年时被灌输的饮食观念对其产生了负面影响，由此可推断出，作者对自己童年时被喂养的方式持批判态度。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“According to Charlotte Markey, a professor of psychology, food is one of the rare subjects where, as parents, saying less is more. ‘There are so many things in parenting that are good to talk through, but I’m not convinced that food is one of them,’ she says. ‘It just creates some worries and insecurities in kids that aren’t necessarily healthy.’ (根据心理学教授夏洛特·马基的说法，食物是为数不多的家长说得少反而更好的话题之一。“在育儿方面，有很多事情值得深入讨论，但我不认为食物是其中之一，”她说。“这只会给孩子们带来一些不必要的担忧和不安全感，这并不健康。”)”可知，马基不赞成家长和孩子过多谈论食物相关的话题，而向孩子解释吃零食的风险属于谈论食物的话题，所以马基不会赞成。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“Instead, she recommends applying a well known concept among nutrition experts called the ‘Division of Responsibility,’ where parents provide a variety of mostly healthy foods to their kids at fixed times, and the kids themselves decide what and how much they want to consume — even if that means occasionally eating more cookies than carrots. (相反，她建议应用营养专家中一个著名的概念，即‘责任划分’，在这个概念中，家长在固定的时间为孩子提供各种主要是健康的食物，而孩子自己决定想吃什么和吃多少 —— 即使这意味着偶尔吃的饼干比胡萝卜多)”可知，根据“责任划分”，孩子应该自己做饮食决策。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“I’ve been trying out these strategies and I’ve found that when I’m less restrictive, they do make better decisions. (我一直在尝试这些策略，我发现当我不那么严格限制时，他们确实会做出更好的决策)”可知，孩子们确实会做出更好的决策，所以作者会认为自己所遵循的策略是可行的。故选C项。 Passage 4 Health chiefs are to use artificial intelligence to screen and treat people at risk of hepatitis C (丙型肝炎) under plans to wipe out the life-threatening disease by 2030. The NHS scheme, due to start within weeks in England, aims to identify thousands of patients unaware that they have the virus (病毒) so that treatment can be given before it is too late. Staff will use AI to comb through patient health records and look for significant risk factors, such as historical blood transfusions or an HIV diagnosis. Anyone identified by the AI software will be invited for a consultation by their GP and, if necessary, will undergo further screening for hepatitis C． Patients who test positive for the virus — which can be caught from contact with the blood of an infected person, such as by sharing a needle — will be offered antiviral medicines. Professor Graham Foster, chairman for NHS England’s hepatitis C elimination programs, described the scheme as “a significant step forward” in the fight to root out the virus. “Hepatitis C can be a deadly disease which affects tens of thousands across the country but with unlimited access to NHS treatments, innovative patient finding initiatives such as this one…we will continue to boost the life chances of thousands of patients by catching the virus even earlier,” Foster said in an interview. Hepatitis C deaths fell by 35 percent in the five years to 2020, from 482 to 314, according to the latest data from the UK Health Security Agency. New cases also fell from 129,000 in 2015 to 81,000 in 2020. The fall in deaths was largely thanks to earlier detection of the virus and improved access to treatments. Rachel Halford, chief executive of the Hepatitis C Trust, said: “There has been brilliant work to expand testing in a wide range of settings in recent years but we have not yet seen the advances we need to see in primary care. The rollout of this screening programme is therefore another vital step towards achieving elimination (根除).” 1．What is the purpose of the NHS scheme? A．To test the virus and cure patients with hepatitis C． B．To effectively wipe out the life-threatening disease. C．To boost the life chances of patients by eliminating the virus. D．To detect patients with hepatitis C for early treatment. 2．Who is most likely to be infected with hepatitis C? A．A man who shakes hands with an infected stranger. B．A boy who has breakfast with his infected friends. C．A woman who works with hepatitis C patients every day. D．A girl who happens to transfuse blood donated by infected patients. 3．What’s Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The danger of hepatitis B．The advancement of NHS treatments. C．The effects of the programme. D．The urgency of curing the disease. 4．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．Hepatitis C is a life-threatening disease. B．NHS scheme helps to kill the hepatitis C virus. C．Hepatitis C deaths in the UK have declined. D．AI is a new weapon against deadly hepatitis C． 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．C 4．B 【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了根据到2030年消灭丙型肝炎这一致命疾病的计划，卫生部门负责人将使用人工智能技术来筛查和治疗有患丙型肝炎风险的人。 1．推理判断题。 根据第二段“The NHS scheme, due to start within weeks in England, aims to identify thousands of patients unaware that they have the virus (病毒) so that treatment can be given before it is too late.(英国NHS计划将于几周内在英格兰启动，旨在识别数千名不知道自己感染了病毒的患者，以便在为时已晚之前给予治疗。)”可知，NHS的目的是检测出病人是否感染肝炎，以便尽早治疗。故选D。 2．推理判断题。 根据第三段“Patients who test positive  for the virus — which can be caught from contact with the blood of an  infected person, such as by sharing a needle — will be offered antiviral  medicines.(将为该病毒检测呈阳性的患者提供抗病毒药物——这种病毒可能通过接触感染者的血液而感染，例如共用针头)”可知，丙型肝炎主要通过血液传播。由此可知，一个碰巧给受感染的病人输血的女孩最有可能感染丙型肝炎。故选D。 3．主旨大意题。根据第四段“... we will continue to boost the life chances of thousands of patients by catching the virus even earlier(……我们将继续通过更早地感染病毒来提高成千上万患者的生存机会)”，“Hepatitis C deaths fell by 35 percent in the five years…(丙型肝炎的死亡率在五年内下降了35%……)”以及“New cases also fell...(新增病例也有所下降……)”可知，第四段主要讲了新计划的优点和影响。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段“The NHS scheme, due to start within weeks in England, aims to identify thousands of patients unaware that they have the virus (病毒) so that treatment can be given before it is too late. Staff will use AI to comb through patient health records and look for significant risk factors, such as historical blood transfusions or an HIV diagnosis.(英国NHS计划将于几周内在英格兰启动，旨在识别数千名不知道自己感染了病毒的患者，以便在为时已晚之前给予治疗。工作人员将使用人工智能梳理患者的健康记录，寻找重要的风险因素，如输血史或艾滋病毒诊断)”可知，本文主要讲的是根据到2030年消灭丙型肝炎这一致命疾病的计划，卫生部门负责人将使用人工智能技术来筛查和治疗有患丙型肝炎风险的人。由此可知，B选项“NHS scheme helps to kill the hepatitis C virus(NHS计划有助于杀死丙型肝炎病毒)”能够概括文章大意。故选B。 Passage 5 An anti-viral gene called BTN3A3 (often found in people’s lungs and breath tracts), which blocks most bird flu from jumping to people, has been identified, helping scientists predict which bird flu viruses could cause outbreaks in humans. The discovery was made by the World Health Organization’s chief scientist, Prof Jeremy Farrar, at the MRC-University Centre for Virus Research. The team compared how our genes worked when faced with either a human or bird flu virus, and found that BTN3A3 blocked most bird flu viruses, but not the seasonal flu viruses people catch regularly. The study also found that some of the bird flu viruses which have occasionally infected people, such as H7N9, also have genetic mutations (变异) which means they can bypass the blocking effects of BTN3A3. This means the presence of BTN3A3 in a bird flu virus may be a strong signal that it could cause a wider outbreak in people, they said. “Identifying BTN3A3 resistant variants (免疫变种) when they first appear in birds might help prevent human infections,” said Dr Rute Maria Pinto, the first author of the study. “Now, when we find cases of bird flu, we can basically examine sick birds and find out whether the virus can overcome the BTN3A3 gene, simply by looking at its order and determining if this virus is likely to infect humans,” she said. “If the virus can in fact overcome BTN3A3, then stricter measurements should be put in place to prevent spreading.” The paper comes after a new type of H5N1 bird flu virus, which transmits easily among wild birds, has caused destruction in animals globally. There have been concerns that the increased spread offers more opportunities for the virus to infect people, especially as more and more mammals (哺乳动物) have been infected. And Prof Massimo Palmarini, a co-author of the report told the BBC that just over 50 percent of virus samples from birds and seven cases in people were resistant to BTN3A3. 1．Why is it important to identify BTN3A3? A．Because the gene blocks bird flu from infecting humans. B．Because the gene can prevent bird flu from breaking out. C．Because the gene often does harm to people’s lungs and breath tracts. D．Because the gene can forecast the outbreaks of bird flu viruses in humans. 2．What can be inferred from the study in paragraph 2? A．H7N9 could be widely spread from people to people. B．Genetic mutations are caused by the block of BTN3A3. C．People who often catch seasonal flu virus lack BTN3A3. D．Human flu viruses do greater harm to people than bird flu viruses. 3．What is the main idea of paragraph 3? A．The way to examine the virus. B．The significance of identifying BTN3A3. C．The measurements to prevent virus spreading. D．The approaches to preventing human infections. 4．What is the attitude of the author to H5N1? A．He feels worried about it. B．He thinks nothing of it. C．He is positive about it. D．He doesn’t concern it. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．A 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种名为BTN3A3的抗病毒基因(通常存在于人的肺部和呼吸道中)已经被发现，它可以阻止大多数禽流感病毒传播给人类，这有助于科学家预测哪些禽流感病毒可能在人类之间爆发。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“An anti-viral gene called BTN3A3 (often found in people’s lungs and breath tracts), which blocks most bird flu from jumping to people, has been identified, helping scientists predict which bird flu viruses could cause outbreaks in humans.(一种名为BTN3A3的抗病毒基因(通常存在于人的肺部和呼吸道中)已经被发现，它可以阻止大多数禽流感病毒传播给人类，这有助于科学家预测哪些禽流感病毒可能会在人类中爆发)”可知，BTN3A3重要的原因是因为这种基因可以预测禽流感病毒在人类中的爆发。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“The study also found that some of the bird flu viruses which have occasionally infected people, such as H7N9, also have genetic mutations (变异) which means they can bypass the blocking effects of BTN3A3. This means the presence of BTN3A3 in a bird flu virus may be a strong signal that it could cause a wider outbreak in people, they said.(该研究还发现，一些偶尔感染人类的禽流感病毒，如H7N9，也有基因突变，这意味着它们可以绕过BTN3A3的阻断作用。他们说，这意味着禽流感病毒中存在BTN3A3可能是一个强烈的信号，表明它可能会在人类中引起更广泛的爆发)”可推知，H7N9可以在人与人之间广泛传播。故选A项。 3．主旨大意题。根据第三段““Identifying BTN3A3 resistant variants (免疫变种) when they first appear in birds might help prevent human infections,” said Dr Rute Maria Pinto, the first author of the study.(“当BTN3A3耐药性变异首次出现在鸟类身上时，识别它们可能有助于预防人类感染，”该研究的第一作者Rute Maria Pinto博士说)”可知，第三段主要是关于识别BTN3A3的重要性。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The paper comes after a new type of H5N1 bird flu virus, which transmits easily among wild birds, has caused destruction in animals globally. There have been concerns that the increased spread offers more opportunities for the virus to infect people, especially as more and more mammals (哺乳动物) have been infected.(在这篇论文发表之前，一种很容易在野生鸟类之间传播的新型H5N1禽流感病毒已经在全球范围内造成了动物的死亡。人们一直担心，传播的增加为病毒感染人类提供了更多机会，尤其是在越来越多的哺乳动物被感染的情况下)”可推知，作者对H5N1是担忧的。故选A项。 Passage 6 Scientists have known for decades that having measles suppresses(抑制) kids’ immune systems for several weeks or months, leaving them ill-equipped to fight off pneumonia, bronchitis and other infections. Now a team of researchers has suggested that the measles virus may also leave a longer-lasting sort of “immune-amnesia” that makes it harder for people to stave off other illnesses for two years or more. That re-emphasizes the importance of vaccination(接种疫苗), said biologist Michael Mina, lead author of a paper that was published in the journal Science. “There may be a long-lasting impact that you can’t undo if your child gets measles,” he said. “I hope this study can impress upon people the danger measles poses.” The researchers used what Mina called “an unconventional approach” to search for the long-lasting immune system effects. Previous work in monkeys suggested that monkeys with the disease lost white blood cells their bodies had trained to fight off other illnesses, leaving them more likely to be infected. To test if a similar thing may occur in humans, the group mined historical data to find out the relationship between measles incidence(发病率) and deaths from other infectious diseases. They turned to data from England and Wales—developed nations where disease levels are generally low, allowing a less-confused view of measles’ effects. Studying measles incidence and deaths from infectious disease both before and after the introduction of the measles vaccine in the U.K. in the 1960s, Mina and the team saw a sort of shadow effect, where deaths from a variety of non-measles infectious diseases closely tracked measles incidence. The more measles in a population, the more deaths from other illnesses in the 28-month period that followed. “Really it didn’t matter what age group, what decade or what country,” said Mina. “They all showed consistent results… what we’re suggesting happens over the long term is that your immune system works fine, but it has forgotten what it previously learned.” Some researchers who were not involved in the work questioned whether the reductions in deaths as measles cases declined may have had more to do with improving nutrition and smaller family size than with prolonged immune suppression. Others thought the paper’s opinion of years-long suppression was seemingly reasonable but said they could not comment on the mathematical models the group used. To know for certain what was behind the effect the group saw, Mina agreed, scientists would need to look at immune cells and observe their behavior. He said he would like to push the work in a more traditional direction: back into the laboratory. 1．Why did Mina call their research method “an unconventional approach”? A．Their research compared monkeys with humans. B．Their research was based on the historical data. C．They discovered a sort of shadow effect D．They only paid attention to developed nations. 2．According to Mina what is the significance of their research? A．They warned people that measles can result in other infectious diseases B．They showed how dangerous measles is and the importance of vaccination. C．They carried out the research on measles in an unconventional approach. D．They found out the disease levels are generally low in developed nations. 3．The underlined phrase “stave off” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ________. A．keep away B．survive from C．search for D．turn down 4．Which of the following may be the best title of the passage? A．Measles has been the origin of other diseases and deaths. B．New research conducted into measles has been widely questioned. C．Damage caused by measles to the immune system could last several weeks. D．Study points to years-long immune system misfortunes from measles. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．D 【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了研究人员提出，麻疹病毒也可能留下一种更持久的“免疫健忘症”，这使得人们很难在两年或更长时间内避免其他疾病。 1．细节理解题。根据第六段“To test if a similar thing may occur in humans, the group mined historical data to find out the relationship between measles incidence(发病率) and deaths from other infectious diseases.”（为了测试类似的事情是否会发生在人类身上，该小组挖掘了历史数据，以找出麻疹发病率与其他传染病死亡之间的关系。）可知，米纳称他们的研究方法为“非常规方法”是因为他们的研究是以历史数据为基础的。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“That re-emphasizes the importance of vaccination(接种疫苗), said biologist Michael Mina, lead author of a paper that was published in the journal Science.”（这再次强调了疫苗接种的重要性，生物学家迈克尔·米纳(Michael Mina)说，他是发表在《科学》杂志上的一篇论文的主要作者。）以及第四段中““I hope this study can impress upon people the danger measles poses.””（“我希望这项研究能让人们意识到麻疹带来的危险。”）可知，米纳认为他们的研究展示了麻疹的危险性以及接种疫苗的重要性。故选B项。 3．词义猜测题。根据第六段“To test if a similar thing may occur in humans, the group mined historical data to find out the relationship between measles incidence(发病率) and deaths from other infectious diseases.”（为了测试类似的事情是否会发生在人类身上，该小组挖掘了历史数据，以找出麻疹发病率与其他传染病死亡之间的关系。）以及第七段中“where deaths from a variety of non-measles infectious diseases closely tracked measles incidence. The more measles in a population, the more deaths from other illnesses in the 28-month period that followed.”（各种非麻疹传染病的死亡率与麻疹发病率密切相关。人群中麻疹越多，在随后的28个月里死于其他疾病的人数就越多。）可知，研究发现麻疹发病率越高，死于其他传染性疾病的就越多，说明麻疹会削弱人体的免疫机能，让人体不能很好地抵御其他疾病。故可猜测划线短语stave off为“避免”的意思，结合选项A项keep away“使……远离”意思一致。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段“Scientists have known for decades that having measles suppresses(抑制) kids’ immune systems for several weeks or months, leaving them ill-equipped to fight off pneumonia, bronchitis and other infections.”（几十年来，科学家们已经知道，麻疹会抑制孩子的免疫系统数周或数月，使他们无法抵抗肺炎、支气管炎和其他感染。）和第二段“Now a team of researchers has suggested that the measles virus may also leave a longer-lasting sort of “immune-amnesia” that makes it harder for people to stave off other illnesses for two years or more.”（现在，一组研究人员提出，麻疹病毒也可能留下一种更持久的“免疫健忘症”，这使得人们很难在两年或更长时间内避免其他疾病。）可知，文章主要讲的是研究人员提出，麻疹病毒也可能留下一种更持久的“免疫健忘症”，这使得人们很难在两年或更长时间内避免其他疾病。故文章最好的标题是“研究指出，麻疹会导致免疫系统多年受损”。故选D项。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 6 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 热点话题04 病毒预防与身体健康 教材相关主题 教材 单元 主题 人教版2019选择性必修二 Unit 5 生活中的急救知识 人教版2019选择性必修三 Unit 2 健康的生活方式 外研版2019选择性必修一 Unit 1 积极的生活态度 外研版2019选择性必修一 Unit 2 积极的生活态度 译林版2020选择性必修二 Unit 3 医学进展、疾病与健康 话题阅读精练 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 Passage 1 阅读理解 说明文 345 讲述了现代青少年面临的两大健康问题——沉迷数字设备和缺乏体育活动 Passage 2 阅读理解 说明文 333 介绍了零食中含有大量的碳水化合物和脂肪，不仅可以使人上瘾，同时对身体也有害。 Passage 3 阅读理解 记叙文 337 心理学家建议家长在饮食上少干预，作者尝试策略后发现孩子能做更好的饮食决策 Passage 4 阅读理解 新闻类 351 生部门负责人将使用人工智能技术来筛查和治疗有患丙型肝炎风险的人 Passage 5 阅读理解 说明文 338 介绍了一种名为BTN3A3的抗病毒基因已经被发现，它可以阻止大多数禽流感病毒传播给人类 Passage 6 阅读理解 说明文 436 麻疹病毒也可能留下一种更持久的“免疫健忘症”，这使得人们很难在两年或更长时间内避免其他疾病 主题简析素材积累 本专题的主题语境为 “病毒预防与身体健康”，它隶属于英语课程标准中 “人与自我” 主题语境下的子话题。在全球化进程加快与公共卫生事件频发的背景下，病毒预防与身体健康已成为全人类共同关注的焦点。身体健康是个体发展的基础，而病毒作为威胁人类健康的重要因素，其预防工作不仅关乎个人生命安全，也对社会稳定和经济发展有着深远影响。通过对这一主题的学习，学生能够深入了解病毒的传播机制、致病原理，掌握科学有效的预防措施，如个人卫生习惯养成、疫苗接种重要性、公共卫生政策作用等。同时，也能培养学生健康生活意识，增强自我保护能力，学会在面对病毒威胁时保持理性与科学的态度。此外，还能引导学生思考病毒与人类社会的关系，以及如何从个人、社区乃至全球层面共同维护身体健康，提升社会责任感与全球公民意识。 句子积累 It is widely recognized that...：人们普遍认为…… ：It is widely recognized that vaccination is one of the most effective ways for virus prevention.（人们普遍认为，疫苗接种是病毒预防最有效的方式之一。） ...have a significant influence on...：…… 对…… 有重大影响 ：Good personal hygiene habits have a significant influence on protecting our physical health from viruses.（良好的个人卫生习惯对保护我们的身体健康免受病毒侵害有重大影响。） With the aim of...,...：为了……，…… ：With the aim of preventing virus spread, the government has implemented strict quarantine policies.（为了防止病毒传播，政府实施了严格的隔离政策。） It is crucial that...：…… 是至关重要的 ：It is crucial that we understand the transmission routes of viruses to take appropriate preventive measures.（我们了解病毒的传播途径以采取适当的预防措施是至关重要的。） Not only...but also...：不但…… 而且…… ：Regular exercise not only strengthens the immune system but also improves our overall physical health.（定期锻炼不但能增强免疫系统，而且能提升我们整体的身体健康水平。） There is no denying that...：不可否认…… ：There is no denying that public health policies play a vital role in epidemic prevention and control.（不可否认，公共卫生政策在疫情防控中发挥着至关重要的作用。） be designed to...：旨在…… ：Disinfection measures in public places are designed to reduce the risk of virus transmission.（公共场所的消毒措施旨在降低病毒传播风险。） be closely linked to...：与…… 紧密相连 ：A strong immune system is closely linked to maintaining good physical health during a virus outbreak.（强大的免疫系统与在病毒爆发期间保持身体健康紧密相连。） 必备词块 virus prevention病毒预防 physical health身体健康 vaccination疫苗接种 personal hygiene个人卫生 transmission route传播途径 public health policy公共卫生政策 epidemic prevention and control疫情防控 immune system免疫系统 disinfection measures消毒措施 quarantine policy隔离政策 实战演练 Passage 1 Nowadays, many teenagers are addicted to digital devices. They spend hours on end playing mobile games, watching videos on social media, or chatting with friends online. This not only takes up a large amount of their study and exercise time but also has a negative impact on their eyesight and mental health. According to a recent research, over 60% of teenagers in a certain area suffer from myopia, and a significant number of them show signs of anxiety and depression due to excessive use of digital devices. Another common problem among teenagers is lack of physical activity. With the popularity of sedentary activities like watching TV and playing computer games, many teenagers rarely engage in outdoor sports. A study shows that only about 30% of teenagers meet the recommended amount of physical activity per week. This lack of exercise can lead to weight gain, weak muscles, and a higher risk of developing various diseases in the long run. However, there are many ways for teenagers to develop a healthy lifestyle. Firstly, they should limit their screen time. Set a specific time limit for using digital devices every day, for example, no more than two hours. Instead of spending hours on the phone, they can pick up a book to read, which can expand their knowledge and improve their language skills. Secondly, regular physical exercise is essential. Joining a sports club or simply going for a jog in the park three to four times a week can make a big difference. Exercise not only helps to keep fit but also releases stress and makes people feel more energetic. Thirdly, a balanced diet is also crucial. Teenagers should eat more fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, and reduce the intake of junk food like hamburgers, fries, and sugary drinks. In conclusion, although modern life brings many conveniences, it also poses threats to the health of teenagers. By being aware of these problems and taking active measures, such as limiting screen time, exercising regularly, and maintaining a balanced diet, teenagers can lead a healthy lifestyle and grow up healthily. 1．What is the main problem with teenagers’ lifestyle nowadays according to the passage? A．They don’t have enough sleep. B．They are addicted to digital devices and lack physical activity. C．They eat too much junk food. D．They don’t communicate well with their parents. 2．What percentage of teenagers meet the recommended amount of physical activity per week? A．Over 60%. B．About 30%. C．Only 20%. D．Nearly 50%. 3．Which of the following is a good way for teenagers to develop a healthy lifestyle? A．Spending more time on mobile games. B．Eating more junk food. C．Limiting screen time and doing regular exercise. D．Staying up late to study. 4．What would be the best title for the passage? A．The Popularity of Digital Devices Among Teenagers B．The Importance of Physical Activity C．How Teenagers Can Develop a Healthy Lifestyle D．The Harm of Junk Food Passage 2 We usually hear the term addiction used when talking about drugs or alcohol. But researchers are finding that certain foods can trigger the same feelings as drugs. It all comes down to what’s happening in the brain. When we feel a happy rush, it’s due to a flood of the feel-good chemical dopamine in the striatum (终脑的皮层). The striatum gets a dopamine rush when something good happens. Drugs and alcohol can cause a similar high. So, it turns out, can some popular snack foods with a high level of carbohydrates and fats. The problem isn’t with all foods containing carbohydrates and fats. Fruit is full of sugar. Oats and other whole grains have lots of carbs. Nuts and meat have fat. But such unprocessed foods eaten in a form that’s similar to how they grew — also contain other nutrients, such as fiber, that slow digestion. That limits how quickly our bodies can absorb the nutrients. Cookies, candy, soda, fries and other highly processed foods, however, lack those additional nutrients. Such foods contain ingredients that have been highly changed from their natural state. They’re full of easy-to-absorb carbohydrates (such as simple sugars) and added fats. What’s more, they often contain ingredients that don’t naturally occur together. “Sugar and fat don’t come together in nature,” says Gearhardt, a psychologist at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. But highly processed foods often “have unnaturally high levels of both carbohydrates and fat.” When we eat these foods, we get a quick “hit” of carbs and fats that give the brain a boost. That makes us want to eat them again and again. Thus we become addicted. “Pay attention to what you eat”, Gearhardt says. That doesn’t mean you can’t have a donut or pizza now and then. But just be sure you’re aware of what you’re eating. When you have a choice, fight back and take control of your health by including foods that nourish your body and brain. 1．Why are people addicted to drugs? A．Because they contain a lot of the chemical dopamine. B．Because they cause a high level of carbohydrates and fats. C．Because they help something good happen to the striatum. D．Because they produce strong feel-good chemical in the brain. 2．Which food can limit the speed of the absorption of its nutrients? A．Donuts. B．Meat. C．Candy. D．Fries. 3．Which statement is true according to Gearhardt in paragraph 3? A．Cookies are full of easy-to-absorb carbohydrates and fibers. B．Carbohydrates and fats are mixed together in their natural state. C．The unprocessed food rich in sugar usually do not contain fat. D．Highly processed foods lack additional nutrients to stop digestion. 4．What is the purpose of the author in writing this passage? A．To advise people to avoid addictive snack foods. B．To warn people of the side effect of snack foods. C．To inform readers of the findings of a latest research. D．To analyse negative opinions towards nutrients in foods. Passage 3 When I was a child I was often told what not to eat. “You don’t want to get fat” was on constant repeat throughout my childhood. It really messed up my relationship with food — something that took me years to overcome. Because of this, I’m careful not to connect what my kids weigh with their worth as people. I encourage my daughter to make healthy snack choices and often dissuade (劝阻) her from a second dessert. But one day when I heard her saying “I think I’m too fat,” my heart sank. It made me wonder if giving her advice on snacks was having an unintentionally negative impact. According to Charlotte Markey, a professor of psychology, food is one of the rare subjects where, as parents, saying less is more. “There are so many things in parenting that are good to talk through, but I’m not convinced that food is one of them,” she says. “It just creates some worries and insecurities in kids that aren’t necessarily healthy.” Instead, she recommends applying a well-known concept among nutrition experts called the “Division of Responsibility,” where parents provide a variety of mostly healthy foods to their kids at fixed times, and the kids themselves decide what and how much they want to consume — even if that means occasionally eating more cookies than carrots. Allowing kids to eat what they want also exposes them to the natural consequences of their decisions. “When your child says, ‘My stomach hurts,’ you can say, ‘Well you had a lot of sugary foods and you might feel better if you made some other choices,’” says Markey. “Let them feel like they have some control over it.” I’ve been trying out these strategies and I’ve found that when I’m less restrictive, they do make better decisions. “Feeding is a long game,” says Markey. “The food you have available makes a huge difference. Even if they don’t eat it, they’ re seeing it. And then all of a sudden it clicks.” 1．What can be inferred about the author from the first paragraph? A．She is upset by her kids’ weight. B．She is critical of the way she was fed. C．She is interested in making food. D．She is particular about what she eats. 2．Which of the following would Markey disapprove of? A．Allowing kids to eat cookies occasionally. B．Offering various foods to kids at fixed times. C．Explaining to kids the risks of taking snacks. D．Talking with kids about school at mealtimes. 3．What should kids do according to the “Division of Responsibility”? A．Make diet decisions on their own. B．Share their food with other kids. C．Eat up what is provided for them. D．Help their parents do the dishes. 4．What does the author think of the strategies she has been following? A．Costly. B．Complex. C．Workable. D．Contradictory. Passage 4 Health chiefs are to use artificial intelligence to screen and treat people at risk of hepatitis C (丙型肝炎) under plans to wipe out the life-threatening disease by 2030. The NHS scheme, due to start within weeks in England, aims to identify thousands of patients unaware that they have the virus (病毒) so that treatment can be given before it is too late. Staff will use AI to comb through patient health records and look for significant risk factors, such as historical blood transfusions or an HIV diagnosis. Anyone identified by the AI software will be invited for a consultation by their GP and, if necessary, will undergo further screening for hepatitis C． Patients who test positive for the virus — which can be caught from contact with the blood of an infected person, such as by sharing a needle — will be offered antiviral medicines. Professor Graham Foster, chairman for NHS England’s hepatitis C elimination programs, described the scheme as “a significant step forward” in the fight to root out the virus. “Hepatitis C can be a deadly disease which affects tens of thousands across the country but with unlimited access to NHS treatments, innovative patient finding initiatives such as this one…we will continue to boost the life chances of thousands of patients by catching the virus even earlier,” Foster said in an interview. Hepatitis C deaths fell by 35 percent in the five years to 2020, from 482 to 314, according to the latest data from the UK Health Security Agency. New cases also fell from 129,000 in 2015 to 81,000 in 2020. The fall in deaths was largely thanks to earlier detection of the virus and improved access to treatments. Rachel Halford, chief executive of the Hepatitis C Trust, said: “There has been brilliant work to expand testing in a wide range of settings in recent years but we have not yet seen the advances we need to see in primary care. The rollout of this screening programme is therefore another vital step towards achieving elimination (根除).” 1．What is the purpose of the NHS scheme? A．To test the virus and cure patients with hepatitis C． B．To effectively wipe out the life-threatening disease. C．To boost the life chances of patients by eliminating the virus. D．To detect patients with hepatitis C for early treatment. 2．Who is most likely to be infected with hepatitis C? A．A man who shakes hands with an infected stranger. B．A boy who has breakfast with his infected friends. C．A woman who works with hepatitis C patients every day. D．A girl who happens to transfuse blood donated by infected patients. 3．What’s Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The danger of hepatitis B．The advancement of NHS treatments. C．The effects of the programme. D．The urgency of curing the disease. 4．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．Hepatitis C is a life-threatening disease. B．NHS scheme helps to kill the hepatitis C virus. C．Hepatitis C deaths in the UK have declined. D．AI is a new weapon against deadly hepatitis C． Passage 5 An anti-viral gene called BTN3A3 (often found in people’s lungs and breath tracts), which blocks most bird flu from jumping to people, has been identified, helping scientists predict which bird flu viruses could cause outbreaks in humans. The discovery was made by the World Health Organization’s chief scientist, Prof Jeremy Farrar, at the MRC-University Centre for Virus Research. The team compared how our genes worked when faced with either a human or bird flu virus, and found that BTN3A3 blocked most bird flu viruses, but not the seasonal flu viruses people catch regularly. The study also found that some of the bird flu viruses which have occasionally infected people, such as H7N9, also have genetic mutations (变异) which means they can bypass the blocking effects of BTN3A3. This means the presence of BTN3A3 in a bird flu virus may be a strong signal that it could cause a wider outbreak in people, they said. “Identifying BTN3A3 resistant variants (免疫变种) when they first appear in birds might help prevent human infections,” said Dr Rute Maria Pinto, the first author of the study. “Now, when we find cases of bird flu, we can basically examine sick birds and find out whether the virus can overcome the BTN3A3 gene, simply by looking at its order and determining if this virus is likely to infect humans,” she said. “If the virus can in fact overcome BTN3A3, then stricter measurements should be put in place to prevent spreading.” The paper comes after a new type of H5N1 bird flu virus, which transmits easily among wild birds, has caused destruction in animals globally. There have been concerns that the increased spread offers more opportunities for the virus to infect people, especially as more and more mammals (哺乳动物) have been infected. And Prof Massimo Palmarini, a co-author of the report told the BBC that just over 50 percent of virus samples from birds and seven cases in people were resistant to BTN3A3. 1．Why is it important to identify BTN3A3? A．Because the gene blocks bird flu from infecting humans. B．Because the gene can prevent bird flu from breaking out. C．Because the gene often does harm to people’s lungs and breath tracts. D．Because the gene can forecast the outbreaks of bird flu viruses in humans. 2．What can be inferred from the study in paragraph 2? A．H7N9 could be widely spread from people to people. B．Genetic mutations are caused by the block of BTN3A3. C．People who often catch seasonal flu virus lack BTN3A3. D．Human flu viruses do greater harm to people than bird flu viruses. 3．What is the main idea of paragraph 3? A．The way to examine the virus. B．The significance of identifying BTN3A3. C．The measurements to prevent virus spreading. D．The approaches to preventing human infections. 4．What is the attitude of the author to H5N1? A．He feels worried about it. B．He thinks nothing of it. C．He is positive about it. D．He doesn’t concern it. Passage 6 Scientists have known for decades that having measles suppresses(抑制) kids’ immune systems for several weeks or months, leaving them ill-equipped to fight off pneumonia, bronchitis and other infections. Now a team of researchers has suggested that the measles virus may also leave a longer-lasting sort of “immune-amnesia” that makes it harder for people to stave off other illnesses for two years or more. That re-emphasizes the importance of vaccination(接种疫苗), said biologist Michael Mina, lead author of a paper that was published in the journal Science. “There may be a long-lasting impact that you can’t undo if your child gets measles,” he said. “I hope this study can impress upon people the danger measles poses.” The researchers used what Mina called “an unconventional approach” to search for the long-lasting immune system effects. Previous work in monkeys suggested that monkeys with the disease lost white blood cells their bodies had trained to fight off other illnesses, leaving them more likely to be infected. To test if a similar thing may occur in humans, the group mined historical data to find out the relationship between measles incidence(发病率) and deaths from other infectious diseases. They turned to data from England and Wales—developed nations where disease levels are generally low, allowing a less-confused view of measles’ effects. Studying measles incidence and deaths from infectious disease both before and after the introduction of the measles vaccine in the U.K. in the 1960s, Mina and the team saw a sort of shadow effect, where deaths from a variety of non-measles infectious diseases closely tracked measles incidence. The more measles in a population, the more deaths from other illnesses in the 28-month period that followed. “Really it didn’t matter what age group, what decade or what country,” said Mina. “They all showed consistent results… what we’re suggesting happens over the long term is that your immune system works fine, but it has forgotten what it previously learned.” Some researchers who were not involved in the work questioned whether the reductions in deaths as measles cases declined may have had more to do with improving nutrition and smaller family size than with prolonged immune suppression. Others thought the paper’s opinion of years-long suppression was seemingly reasonable but said they could not comment on the mathematical models the group used. To know for certain what was behind the effect the group saw, Mina agreed, scientists would need to look at immune cells and observe their behavior. He said he would like to push the work in a more traditional direction: back into the laboratory. 1．Why did Mina call their research method “an unconventional approach”? A．Their research compared monkeys with humans. B．Their research was based on the historical data. C．They discovered a sort of shadow effect D．They only paid attention to developed nations. 2．According to Mina what is the significance of their research? A．They warned people that measles can result in other infectious diseases B．They showed how dangerous measles is and the importance of vaccination. C．They carried out the research on measles in an unconventional approach. D．They found out the disease levels are generally low in developed nations. 3．The underlined phrase “stave off” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ________. A．keep away B．survive from C．search for D．turn down 4．Which of the following may be the best title of the passage? A．Measles has been the origin of other diseases and deaths. B．New research conducted into measles has been widely questioned. C．Damage caused by measles to the immune system could last several weeks. D．Study points to years-long immune system misfortunes from measles. 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 6 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$