Unit 5 Period 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas（分层作业）英语外研版2019选择性必修第一册

Unit 5 Revealing nature Period 1 ：Starting out & Understanding ideas分层练习 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 1. 单词拼写 1.The wind is an important agent (媒介) for seed ______________(传播). 2.Some seeds have a ____________(坚硬的) outer coating (外壳) to protect themselves. 3.Birds can help seeds travel to ____________(遥远的) places. 2. 单句语法填空 1.Seeds can travel long distances ________wind, water or animals. 2.Many plants have __________(evolve) special features to aid seed dispersal. 3.The coconut has a hard shell, ________________(allow) it to float in the ocean. 4.The seeds, _____________(carry) by the wind, landed in a fertile area.（过去分词作后置定语，表示“被风携带的种子” ） 5.It is the __________(shape) of the maple seed that helps it stay in the air longer.（强调句中，强调主语“shape” ） 3. 句型转换 1.The seeds are carried by animals. They can reach new areas.（用if条件句合并） 2.Maple seeds have wings. They can stay in the air longer.（用because引导原因状语从句合并） 3.The plant produces fruits. Animals eat the fruits and spread the seeds.（用定语从句合并） 4. 完成句子 1.Seeds with hooks can ____________________________________ (粘在动物的皮毛上). 2.Coconuts, __________________________ (它们有坚硬的外壳), can float in the ocean for a long time. 3.Some seeds, __________________________(比如蒲公英种子), are easily carried by the wind. 4.The seeds that are eaten by birds ___________________________(会在不同的地方被排泄出来). 5. 单项选择 1.Seeds that are dispersed by wind usually have _______. A. a hard shell B. wings or light structures C. a fleshy fruit D. barbs 2.Coconuts can travel long distances by water because of their _______. A. large size B. buoyant husks C. smooth surface D. bright color 3.Some seeds are eaten by animals and then _______ in new places. A. are planted B. are grown C. are excreted D. are hidden 1. 阅读理解 ◦ Plants have developed various ingenious ways to ensure the dispersal of their seeds. One of the most common methods is through the help of animals. Many plants produce fruits that are attractive to animals. When animals eat these fruits, they also consume the seeds inside. For example, monkeys often eat figs. After digestion, the undigested seeds are excreted in different locations, allowing them to grow into new plants far away from the parent plant. ◦ Another way seeds travel is by attaching themselves to the bodies of animals. Some seeds have barbs or sticky substances on their surfaces. Burrs, for instance, can easily stick to the fur of dogs or the clothes of humans. As the animals or humans move around, these seeds are carried to new places, where they can germinate if the conditions are right. ◦ Wind is also a significant factor in seed dispersal. Seeds that are adapted to wind dispersal usually have light - weight structures. Dandelion seeds, with their fluffy parachute - like tops, can be carried by even the slightest breeze. They can travel long distances, sometimes several kilometers, depending on the wind strength. Questions： ◦ 1. How do monkeys help with seed dispersal? （ ） A. They plant seeds in different places. B. They carry seeds on their fur. C. They eat fruits and excrete the undigested seeds. D. They break the seeds to help them germinate. ◦ 2. What is the function of barbs or sticky substances on seeds? （ ） A. To attract animals to eat the seeds. B. To protect the seeds from being eaten. C. To help the seeds attach to animals or other objects for dispersal. D. To make the seeds more visible. ◦ 3. According to the passage, which of the following seeds are adapted to wind dispersal? （ ） A. Seeds with hard shells. B. Seeds with barbs. C. Seeds with fluffy structures. D. Seeds inside fleshy fruits. 2. 七选五阅读 How Seeds Travel ◦ Plants cannot move from place to place, but their seeds can. There are several ways seeds can travel. ◦ Wind Dispersal ◦ Seeds that are carried by the wind often have special shapes. 1 Maple seeds have wings that spin and keep them in the air for longer, allowing them to land in all kinds of places. Depending on the strength of the wind, they can sometimes travel for hundreds of kilometers. ◦ Water Dispersal ◦ Coconuts are a great example of seeds that travel by water. 2 When a coconut falls from a tree onto the beach, the sea picks it up at high tide and carries it away to grow somewhere else. Its hard shell allows it to float on the water for a long time. ◦ Animal Dispersal ◦ Another way for seeds to travel is through the digestive systems of animals. 3 The animal receives the nutrients of the fruit, but it does not digest the seed, which is passed out some time later. Of course, animals move, so the seed can easily end up a long way away from the parent plant, especially if the fruit is eaten by a bird. ◦ Conclusion ◦ In fact, seeds have a better chance at life when they are further away from their parent plant. 4 Also, a species is more likely to survive if its members are more widely spread. That's why nature has come up with all sorts of different ways for seeds to travel. 5 A. Many plants produce fleshy fruits that animals like to eat. B. Growing too close to the parent plant means seeds might not get enough sun, water and nutrients from the soil. C. They are carried along by ocean currents. D. How and why seeds travel are just some examples of the wonderful ways in which nature works. E. Dandelion seeds have a fluffy structure that can be easily carried by the wind. F. Some seeds are very small and light. G. Animals play an important role in the ecosystem. 3. 书面表达 假设你是李华，你的生物老师要求你写一篇关于种子传播方式的短文，向同学们介绍至少两种种子传播方式。 1. 阅读理解 ◦ The dispersal of seeds is a crucial process in the life cycle of plants, with far - reaching implications for ecosystem dynamics, biodiversity, and plant evolution. Seeds can be dispersed by a multitude of vectors, including abiotic factors like wind and water, as well as biotic agents such as animals and humans. ◦ Wind - dispersed seeds typically possess adaptations that enhance their ability to be carried by air currents. These adaptations can include the development of wings, hairs, or plumes. For example, the seeds of the sycamore tree have a wing - like structure that allows them to spin as they fall, which helps them catch the wind and travel further. This enables sycamore seeds to colonize new areas and expand the range of the species. ◦ Water - dispersed seeds have evolved features that make them buoyant. Mangrove seeds, for instance, can float in water for extended periods. They are often carried by ocean currents or river flows. When they reach a suitable shoreline, they can germinate and establish new mangrove communities. This is essential for the growth and maintenance of mangrove ecosystems, which are important for coastal protection and biodiversity. ◦ Animal - mediated seed dispersal is an intricate and diverse phenomenon. Some animals, such as bats, are important long - distance seed dispersers. Bats are active at night and feed on fruits in tropical rainforests. As they fly from one feeding site to another, they excrete seeds along the way. Other animals, like rodents, may hoard seeds for later consumption but often forget some of them, which then have the opportunity to germinate. Questions： ◦ 1. What is the main idea of the passage? （ ） A. The importance of seed dispersal and the various ways it occurs. B. The role of animals in seed dispersal. C. The impact of human activities on seed dispersal. D. The adaptations of wind - dispersed seeds. ◦ 2. According to the passage, which of the following is an adaptation of water - dispersed seeds? （ ） A. Wings. B. A thick, fibrous husk. C. Barbs. D. Tufts of hairs. ◦ 3. How do rodents contribute to seed dispersal? （ ） A. They eat seeds and excrete them in new places. B. They carry seeds on their fur. C. They hoard seeds and sometimes forget them. D. They plant seeds in different areas. ◦ 4. What can be inferred from the passage about the relationship between seed dispersal and ecosystem? （ ） A. Seed dispersal has no impact on the ecosystem. B. The disruption of seed dispersal may harm the ecosystem. C. Only wind - dispersed seeds are important for the ecosystem. D. Ecosystem has no influence on seed dispersal. 2. 书面表达 写一篇关于种子传播对生态系统重要性的议论文，内容包括种子传播的主要方式、对生态系统的积极作用、面临的威胁（如人类活动的影响）以及我们应采取的保护措施，词数180左右。 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 5 Revealing nature Period 1 ：Starting out & Understanding ideas分层练习 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 1. 单词拼写 1.The wind is an important agent (媒介) for seed ______________(传播). 2.Some seeds have a ____________(坚硬的) outer coating (外壳) to protect themselves. 3.Birds can help seeds travel to ____________(遥远的) places. 答案：dispersal tough distant 2. 单句语法填空 1.Seeds can travel long distances ________wind, water or animals. 2.Many plants have __________(evolve) special features to aid seed dispersal. 3.The coconut has a hard shell, ________________(allow) it to float in the ocean. 4.The seeds, _____________(carry) by the wind, landed in a fertile area.（过去分词作后置定语，表示“被风携带的种子” ） 5.It is the __________(shape) of the maple seed that helps it stay in the air longer.（强调句中，强调主语“shape” ） 答案：by evolved allowing carried shape 3. 句型转换 1.The seeds are carried by animals. They can reach new areas.（用if条件句合并） 2.Maple seeds have wings. They can stay in the air longer.（用because引导原因状语从句合并） 3.The plant produces fruits. Animals eat the fruits and spread the seeds.（用定语从句合并） 答案： 1. If the seeds are carried by animals, they can reach new areas. 2. Maple seeds can stay in the air longer because they have wings. 3. The plant produces fruits which animals eat and spread the seeds. 4. 完成句子 1.Seeds with hooks can ____________________________________ (粘在动物的皮毛上). 2.Coconuts, __________________________ (它们有坚硬的外壳), can float in the ocean for a long time. 3.Some seeds, __________________________(比如蒲公英种子), are easily carried by the wind. 4.The seeds that are eaten by birds ___________________________(会在不同的地方被排泄出来). 答案： 1.stick to the fur of animals 2. which have hard shells 3. such as dandelion seeds 4. will be excreted in different places 5. 单项选择 1.Seeds that are dispersed by wind usually have _______. A. a hard shell B. wings or light structures C. a fleshy fruit D. barbs 答案：B 解析：靠风传播的种子通常有翅膀或轻的结构，便于被风吹起，A选项硬壳一般是水传播种子的特点，C选项肉质果实与风传播无关，D选项倒刺一般是靠动物传播种子的特点。 2.Coconuts can travel long distances by water because of their _______. A. large size B. buoyant husks C. smooth surface D. bright color 答案：B 解析：椰子能在水上远距离传播是因为它们有能漂浮的外壳（buoyant husks） ，A选项大尺寸、C选项光滑表面和D选项鲜艳颜色都不是其能在水上传播的原因。 3.Some seeds are eaten by animals and then _______ in new places. A. are planted B. are grown C. are excreted D. are hidden 答案：C 解析：一些种子被动物吃了之后会被排泄（are excreted）到新的地方，而不是被种植（A选项）、生长（B选项）或隐藏（D选项）。 1. 阅读理解 ◦ Plants have developed various ingenious ways to ensure the dispersal of their seeds. One of the most common methods is through the help of animals. Many plants produce fruits that are attractive to animals. When animals eat these fruits, they also consume the seeds inside. For example, monkeys often eat figs. After digestion, the undigested seeds are excreted in different locations, allowing them to grow into new plants far away from the parent plant. ◦ Another way seeds travel is by attaching themselves to the bodies of animals. Some seeds have barbs or sticky substances on their surfaces. Burrs, for instance, can easily stick to the fur of dogs or the clothes of humans. As the animals or humans move around, these seeds are carried to new places, where they can germinate if the conditions are right. ◦ Wind is also a significant factor in seed dispersal. Seeds that are adapted to wind dispersal usually have light - weight structures. Dandelion seeds, with their fluffy parachute - like tops, can be carried by even the slightest breeze. They can travel long distances, sometimes several kilometers, depending on the wind strength. Questions： ◦ 1. How do monkeys help with seed dispersal? （ ） A. They plant seeds in different places. B. They carry seeds on their fur. C. They eat fruits and excrete the undigested seeds. D. They break the seeds to help them germinate. ◦ 2. What is the function of barbs or sticky substances on seeds? （ ） A. To attract animals to eat the seeds. B. To protect the seeds from being eaten. C. To help the seeds attach to animals or other objects for dispersal. D. To make the seeds more visible. ◦ 3. According to the passage, which of the following seeds are adapted to wind dispersal? （ ） A. Seeds with hard shells. B. Seeds with barbs. C. Seeds with fluffy structures. D. Seeds inside fleshy fruits. 答案：1. C 解析：文中明确提到猴子吃水果后，未消化的种子会在不同地方被排泄出来，帮助种子传播 。 2. C 解析：种子表面的倒刺或粘性物质是为了附着在动物或其他物体上以便传播。 3. 3. C 解析：文中指出像蒲公英种子有蓬松结构，适合风传播 。 2. 七选五阅读 How Seeds Travel ◦ Plants cannot move from place to place, but their seeds can. There are several ways seeds can travel. ◦ Wind Dispersal ◦ Seeds that are carried by the wind often have special shapes. 1 Maple seeds have wings that spin and keep them in the air for longer, allowing them to land in all kinds of places. Depending on the strength of the wind, they can sometimes travel for hundreds of kilometers. ◦ Water Dispersal ◦ Coconuts are a great example of seeds that travel by water. 2 When a coconut falls from a tree onto the beach, the sea picks it up at high tide and carries it away to grow somewhere else. Its hard shell allows it to float on the water for a long time. ◦ Animal Dispersal ◦ Another way for seeds to travel is through the digestive systems of animals. 3 The animal receives the nutrients of the fruit, but it does not digest the seed, which is passed out some time later. Of course, animals move, so the seed can easily end up a long way away from the parent plant, especially if the fruit is eaten by a bird. ◦ Conclusion ◦ In fact, seeds have a better chance at life when they are further away from their parent plant. 4 Also, a species is more likely to survive if its members are more widely spread. That's why nature has come up with all sorts of different ways for seeds to travel. 5 A. Many plants produce fleshy fruits that animals like to eat. B. Growing too close to the parent plant means seeds might not get enough sun, water and nutrients from the soil. C. They are carried along by ocean currents. D. How and why seeds travel are just some examples of the wonderful ways in which nature works. E. Dandelion seeds have a fluffy structure that can be easily carried by the wind. F. Some seeds are very small and light. G. Animals play an important role in the ecosystem. 答案：1. E 解析：该段讲风传播种子，E选项蒲公英种子有蓬松结构能被风轻易携带，符合语境 。 2. C 解析：此段说椰子靠水传播，C选项说它们被洋流携带，与后文椰子被海水带走生长相呼应 。 3. A 解析：该段讲动物传播种子，A选项说许多植物生产动物爱吃的肉质果实，引出下文动物吃果实传播种子 。 4. B 解析：前文说种子离母株远有更好生存机会，B选项解释原因，因为离母株太近可能得不到足够阳光、水分和养分 。 5. D 解析：总结全文，说明种子传播方式体现了大自然的奇妙运作 。 3. 书面表达 假设你是李华，你的生物老师要求你写一篇关于种子传播方式的短文，向同学们介绍至少两种种子传播方式。 答案： Ways of Seed Dispersal Seeds have amazing ways to travel and spread. One common way is through the wind. Dandelion seeds are a great example. They have a fluffy, parachute - like structure on top. When the wind blows, these lightweight seeds can be carried high up in the air and travel long distances. Sometimes, they can land far away from their parent plants, which helps dandelions spread to new areas. Another important way seeds travel is with the help of animals. Many plants produce delicious fruits. When animals eat these fruits, they swallow the seeds inside. For instance, birds often eat berries. After flying to different places, they excrete the undigested seeds. These seeds then have the chance to grow into new plants in the new locations. This not only helps the plants reproduce but also enriches the biodiversity in various areas. 1. 阅读理解 ◦ The dispersal of seeds is a crucial process in the life cycle of plants, with far - reaching implications for ecosystem dynamics, biodiversity, and plant evolution. Seeds can be dispersed by a multitude of vectors, including abiotic factors like wind and water, as well as biotic agents such as animals and humans. ◦ Wind - dispersed seeds typically possess adaptations that enhance their ability to be carried by air currents. These adaptations can include the development of wings, hairs, or plumes. For example, the seeds of the sycamore tree have a wing - like structure that allows them to spin as they fall, which helps them catch the wind and travel further. This enables sycamore seeds to colonize new areas and expand the range of the species. ◦ Water - dispersed seeds have evolved features that make them buoyant. Mangrove seeds, for instance, can float in water for extended periods. They are often carried by ocean currents or river flows. When they reach a suitable shoreline, they can germinate and establish new mangrove communities. This is essential for the growth and maintenance of mangrove ecosystems, which are important for coastal protection and biodiversity. ◦ Animal - mediated seed dispersal is an intricate and diverse phenomenon. Some animals, such as bats, are important long - distance seed dispersers. Bats are active at night and feed on fruits in tropical rainforests. As they fly from one feeding site to another, they excrete seeds along the way. Other animals, like rodents, may hoard seeds for later consumption but often forget some of them, which then have the opportunity to germinate. Questions： ◦ 1. What is the main idea of the passage? （ ） A. The importance of seed dispersal and the various ways it occurs. B. The role of animals in seed dispersal. C. The impact of human activities on seed dispersal. D. The adaptations of wind - dispersed seeds. ◦ 2. According to the passage, which of the following is an adaptation of water - dispersed seeds? （ ） A. Wings. B. A thick, fibrous husk. C. Barbs. D. Tufts of hairs. ◦ 3. How do rodents contribute to seed dispersal? （ ） A. They eat seeds and excrete them in new places. B. They carry seeds on their fur. C. They hoard seeds and sometimes forget them. D. They plant seeds in different areas. ◦ 4. What can be inferred from the passage about the relationship between seed dispersal and ecosystem? （ ） A. Seed dispersal has no impact on the ecosystem. B. The disruption of seed dispersal may harm the ecosystem. C. Only wind - dispersed seeds are important for the ecosystem. D. Ecosystem has no influence on seed dispersal. 答案：1. A 解析：文章开篇点明种子传播的重要性，然后介绍多种传播方式 。 2. B 解析：水传播种子通常有使它们能漂浮的结构，如椰子有厚的纤维外壳 ，A选项翅膀是风传播种子的特点，C选项倒刺是动物传播种子特点，D选项绒毛是风传播种子特点 。3. C 解析：文中提到啮齿动物会囤积种子但常忘记一些，这些被遗忘的种子有机会发芽 。4. B 解析：从水传播种子对红树林生态系统重要性等内容可推断，种子传播被破坏可能会损害生态系统 。 2. 书面表达 写一篇关于种子传播对生态系统重要性的议论文，内容包括种子传播的主要方式、对生态系统的积极作用、面临的威胁（如人类活动的影响）以及我们应采取的保护措施，词数180左右。 答案： The Significance of Seed Dispersal in Ecosystems Seed dispersal, a crucial process in the life cycle of plants, occurs in multiple ways. Wind - borne seeds, like those of maple trees, are equipped with wings or plumes that allow them to be carried by air currents. Water - dispersed seeds, such as coconuts, can float on water and reach distant shores. Animals also play a vital role. Some seeds stick to their fur or feathers, while others are ingested and excreted in new locations. This process brings numerous benefits to the ecosystem. It promotes plant colonization in new areas, which enriches biodiversity. Different plants in various habitats provide food and shelter for a wide range of organisms. Moreover, it helps maintain the balance of plant populations, preventing overcrowding in one area. However, seed dispersal faces threats. Human activities, including deforestation, urbanization, and the introduction of invasive species, disrupt natural seed - dispersal mechanisms. Deforestation reduces habitats for seed - dispersing animals, and invasive species can out - compete native plants, affecting the entire ecological balance. To protect seed - dispersal processes, we should take several measures. Firstly, we need to protect natural habitats through forest conservation and sustainable land - use planning. Secondly, strict regulations should be imposed on the introduction of non - native species. Finally, public education about the importance of seed dispersal can raise awareness and encourage people to take part in conservation efforts. Only in this way can we ensure the healthy functioning of ecosystems and the survival of diverse plant species. 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$