专题08 时态-2025年英语小升初知识详细讲解

2025学年英语小升初知识详细讲解 专题08 时态 专题解说 时态是表示行为动作和状态在不同时间条件下的动词形式。英语中用不同的时态来表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态。英语时态有多种，本书只讲小学阶段常见的四种时态：一般现在时、现在进行时、一般将来时和一般过去时。 考点归纳 考点 知识梳理 要点提示 一 般 现 在 时 1.一般现在时可表示现在的状态，也可表示经常的或习惯性的动作，还可表示主语具备的性格和能力。一般现在时常与often、always、usually、sometimes、every day等时间状语连用。 2.一般现在时的构成。 构成 例句 be 动词 肯定句：主语+am/is/are +其他。 否定句：主语+am/is/are +not+其他。 一般疑问句：Am/Is/Are +主语+其他？ 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+am/is/are +主语+其他？ He is a doctor. 他是一名医生。 He isn't a doctor. 他不是一名医生。 Is he a doctor? 他是一名医生吗？ What's his job? 他是干什么的？ 实义 动词 肯定句：主语+动词原形/动词第三人称单数+其他。 否定句：主语+don't/doesn't +动词原形+其他。 一般疑问句：Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他？ 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+do/does+主语+动词原型(+其他)？ He teaches English. 他教英语。 He doesn't teach English. 他不教英语。 Does he teach English? 他教英语吗？ What does he teach? 他教什么？ 3.动词第三人称单数的变化规则。 类别 构成方法 例词 一般情况 词尾加-s like-likes play-plays 以字母s、x、ch、sh结尾的动词 词尾加-es watch-watches wash-washes 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词 变y为i,再加-es study-studies fly-flies 表示客观事实或普遍真理时，要用一般现在时。 现 在 进 行 时 1.现在进行时表示现在(说话瞬间)正在进行和发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。 2.现在进行时的构成。 构成 例句 肯定句：主语+am/is/are+动词-ing(+其他)。 否定句：主语+am not/isn't/aren't+动词-ing(+其他)。 一般疑问句：Am/Is/Are+主语+动词-ing(+其他)？ 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+am/is/are+主语+动词-ing(+其他)？ He is sleeping now. 他现在在睡觉。 He isn't sleeping now. 他现在没睡觉。 Is he sleeping now? 他现在正在睡觉吗？ What is he doing now? 他现在在干什么？ 3.动词-ing形式的构成。 类别 构成方法 例词 一般情况 词尾加-ing go-going watch-watching 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词 先去掉e,再加-ing write-writing dance-dancing 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词 双写这个辅音字母，再加-ing run-running swim-swimming stop-stopping 现在进行时巧记口诀： 现在进行时真有趣， be+动词-ing.别看be无词义，主语和它最亲密。am/is/are随主变，没有它便不成戏。be后如果加not,构成否定准没错。它若跑到主语前，一定是个疑问句。何时需用进行时，Look! Listen! now看仔细！ 一 般 将 来 时 1.一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作，常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如：tomorrow、next week、in the future等。 2.一般将来时的构成。 构成 例句 be going to型 肯定句：主语+be(am/is/are) going to+动词原形(+其他)。 否定句：主语+be(am/is/are) not going to+动词原形(+其他)。 一般疑问句：Be(Am/Is/Are)+主语+going to+动词原形(+其他)？ 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ be(am/is/are)+主语+going to +动词原形(+其他)？ I'm going to run. 我打算去跑步。 I'm not going to run. 我不打算去跑步。 Are you going to run? 你打算去跑步吗？ What are you going to do? 你打算干什么？ will/ shall 型 肯定句：主语+will/shall+动词原形(+其他)。 否定句：主语+will not/shall not+动词原形(+其他)。 一般疑问句：Will/Shall+主语+动词原形(+其他)？ 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+will/shall+主语+动词原形(+其他)？ I will go to Guangzhou. 我将要去广州。 I won't go to Guangzhou. 我不会去广州。 Will you go to Guangzhou? 你将要去广州吗？ Where will you go? 你将要去哪里？ 1.在以第一人称I或we作主语的问句中，一般使用助动词shall,这时或是征求对方的意见，或是询问情况。 2. be going to 结构后面一般不跟go、come 等表示位移的动词，一般用该动词的进行时表示将来时。 3.“be going to +动词原形”常表示一个事先考虑好的计划，相当于打算或准备。但 will(shall)表示的是未经事先考虑的计划或打算。 一 般 过 去 时 1.一般过去时表示过去某个时间或某一段时间内发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：yesterday、last night、in 1990等。 2.一般过去时的构成。 构成 例句 Be动词 肯定句：主语+was/were +其他。 否定句：主语+was/were+not+其他。 一般疑问句：Was/Were+主语+其他？ 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+was/were+主语(+其他)？ He was a doctor. 他过去是一名医生。 He wasn't a doctor. 他过去不是一名医生。 Was he a doctor? 他过去是一名医生吗？ What was his job? 他过去是干什么的？ 实义动词 肯定句：主语+动词过去式+其他。 否定句：主语+didn't+动词原形+其他。 一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形+其他？ 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问+did+主语+动词原形(+其他)？ She watched TV last night.她昨晚看了电视。 She didn't watch TV last night.她昨晚没有看电视。 Did she watch TV last night?她昨晚看了电视吗？ What did she do last night?她昨晚干了什么？ 3.动词过去式的变化规则。 (1)规则变化。 类别 构成方法 例词 一般情况 词尾加-ed visit-visited play-played 以e结尾的动词 词尾加-d live-lived hope-hoped 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词 双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed stop-stopped plan-planned 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词 变y为i,再加-ed study-studied cry-cried (2)不规则变化。 am/is-was are-were come-came go-went do/does-did fly-flew draw-drew make-made sing-sang have/has-had eat-ate drink-drank put-put let-let read-read see-saw meet-met get-got forget-forgot take-took win-won can-could may-might shall-should will-would know-knew begin-began build-built spend-spent mean-meant learn-learnt/learned buy-bought think-thought teach-taught catch-caught sleep-slept sweep-swept keep-kept speak-spoke ride-rode feel-felt leave-left give-gave run-ran ring-rang sit-sat swim-swam say-said stand-stood tell-told throw-threw 一般过去时的用法： (1)表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。 (2)表示过去一段时间内的经常性、习惯性或反复性的动作。 (3)表示主语过去的特征或性格等。 考点剖析 考点一一般现在时 例题 单项选择。 1.Miss Li________ a bag. ________ I a book. A. have; has B. has; have C. is; have 2.Jim________ basketball every day. A. play B. plays C. playing 3. ________ your brother usually ride a bike to school? A. Does B. Do C.Is 剖析 1.本题考查一般现在时。Miss Li是第三人称单数，应用has. I是第一人称，应用have. 2.由every day可知此处表示经常性或习惯性的动作，时态是一般现在时。又因Jim是第三人称单数，所以动词用第三人称单数形式plays. 3.由usually 可知本题考查一般现在时疑问句的助动词。句中有实义动词ride, your brother是第三人称单数，因此要借助助动词does构成一般疑问句。 答案: 1.B 2.B 3.A 知能训练一 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. My father has a lot of books. He________ (like)reading. 2. -What does Bob do on Sundays? -He often________ (watch) cartoons. 3. She________ (read) English every morning. 4.What time his mother________ (do)the housework? 二、单项选择。 1.My sister________ a nurse. She________ swimming. A. is; like B. is; likes C. are; like D. are; likes 2.- ________ they often________ these old men? -Yes, they________. A. Do; help; are B. Are ;helping; are C. Do; help; do D. Are; helped; do 3.The picture________ nice. A. looks B. is looked C. look D. is looking 4. Let Jim________ the dishes. He________ them at home every evening. A. wash; washes B. washes; washes C. washes; wash D. wash; wash 考点二 现在进行时 例题 按要求完成下列各题。 1.单项选择。 (1)-Where is Mike? -Maybe he________ TV in the living room. A. watched B. will watch C. is watching D. watch (2)Lucy and Mike________ listening to music now. A. is B. do C. are D. does 2.将下列句子改为一般疑问句。 Jake is playing baseball with his friends. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 剖析 1.(1)问句询问“迈克现在在哪儿”，可知答语应该是回答迈克现在所在地点(及所做的事情)，故应该用现在进行时。其结构为“主语+be(not)+动词-ing+其他。”。watch TV是固定搭配，意为“看电视”，因此正确答案是C. (2)根据句意“露西和迈克现在正在听音乐”可知，这个句子是进行时态，而进行时态的结构是“主语+be+动词-ing+其他。”，所以排除B、D两项。由于主语是Lucy and Mike,即露西和迈克两个人，谓语be动词用复数are,因此正确答案是C. 2.现在进行时的肯定句变一般疑问句，只需要将be动词提前即可。因此正确答案是：Is Jake playing baseball with his friends? 答案：1.(1)C (2)C 2.Is Jake playing baseball with his friends? 知能训练二 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. Don't shout. My baby________ (sleep). 2.-What is your grandpa doing? -He________ (water) the flowers. 3.Listen! Some girls________ (sing) in the classroom. 4.What________ you________ (do)now? 二、单项选择。 1. In the photo, the wind is________. A. shining B. falling C. blowing D. blow 2.My father________ his clothes, but he is repairing his car. A. doesn't wash B. isn't washing C. is washing D. wasn't washing 3. ________ your mother________ shopping at the moment? A. Are; doing B. Is; doing C. Is; taking D. Are; taking 4. ________ the children________ the radio? A. Is ;listening B. Is; listening to C. Are; listening to D. Are; listening 5.Look! The kids________ kites over there. A. flew B.fly C. are flying D. were flying 考点三 一般将来时 例题 按要求完成下列各题。 1.根据中文将句子补充完整。 我将要去吃午餐。 I________________ have lunch. 2.用所给单词的适当形式填空。 We________________ (not play) chess next week. 剖析 1.根据题意是要在空白处填入“将要去”，be going to意为“将要，计划，准备”，表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情，一般指已经计划好的事情。因此正确答案是：am going to. 2.由next week可知此句是一般将来时，一般将来时否定句的结构有两种，一种是“主语+be 动词+not+going to+动词原形+其他。”。由主语we可知此处的be动词用are.注意be going to是一个整体，不要漏掉其中任何一个单词。另一种是“主语+will not+动词原形+其他。”。所以此题答案是：are not going to play/will not play. 答案 :1.am going to 2.are not going to play/will not play 知能训练三 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1.My brother________ (come) back next week. 2.Today is Sunday. We________ (have) a picnic this afternoon. 3.I________ (be)tired. I________ (go) to bed early tonight. 4. There are some clouds in the sky. It________ (rain)soon. 二、单项选择。 1. ________ you________ a teacher when you grow up? A. Will; to be B. Are; going to be C. Are; being D. Will; going to be 2.He________ very busy this week. He________ free next week. A. will be; is B. is; is C. will be; will be D. is; will be 3. Su Hai will________ Uncle Bob about our visit. A. told B. telling C. tell D. be telling 4.There________ a birthday party this Sunday. A. shall be B. will be C. shall going to be D. will going to be 考点四 一般过去时 例题 按要求完成句子。 I climbed mountains last Sunday. 1.改成否定句：I________ ________ mountains last Sunday. 2.改成一般疑问句：________ you________ mountains last Sunday? 3.作肯定回答：Yes, ________ ________. 4.作否定回答：No, ________ ________. 剖析 由last Sunday和climbed可知此句是一般过去时。牢记一般过去时的各种句式结构，此题就能迎刃而解。如：否定句为“主语+助动词(didn't)+动词原形+其他。”，一般疑问句为“助动词(Did)+主语+动词原形+其他？”，尤其要注意的是否定句和疑问句中动词必须用原形。 答案:1.didn't climb 2.Did climb 3.I did 4.I didn't 知能训练四 一、按要求改写句子。 1.I went hiking last weekend.(改成否定句) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.Mike did his homework yesterday.(改成一般疑问句) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.I go to the park every Sunday.(用last Sunday 代替 every Sunday 改写句子) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 二、单项选择。 1. ________ he________ a good time last Sunday? A. Were; have B. Did; do C. Were; do D. Did; have 2.The train from Tianjin________ an hour ago. A. arrived B. has arrived C. was arriving D. arrived at 3.-Who is the lady in the photo? -She is my aunt. When I was in America, she________ good care of me. A. takes B. takes C. is taking D. took 4.-What did Mary________ in the market? -She________ some fruit and meat. A. buy; buy B. bought; bought C. buy; bought D. buy; will buy 过关训练 一、按要求写单词。 1.have(第三人称单数) ________________ 2.try(第三人称单数) ________________ 3.fix(第三人称单数) ________________ 4.write(现在分词) ________________ 5.sit(现在分词) ________________ 6.lie(现在分词) ________________ 7.did(原形) ________________ 8.flew(原形) ________________ 9.said(原形) ________________ 10.spoke(原形) ________________ 11.study(同义词) ________________ 12.begin(同义词) ________________ 13.live(过去式) ________________ 14.carry(过去式) ________________ 15.read(过去式) ________________ 16.cut(过去式) ________________ 二、选词填空。 1. His uncle usually________ (go/goes) to work by bus. 2. Sorry, I'm busy. I________ (write/am writing) to a friend. 3.Tom________ (does/did) his home wok at 6:30 every day. 4.Look! They________ (listen/are listening) to the music. 5.We________ (play/are going to play) basketball tomorrow. 6.Sarah never________ (watched/watches) TV in the morning. 7.Amy________ (reads/is reading) a book now. 8.They________ (go/went) shopping yesterday. 9.Mike________ (is playing/is going to play) the piano next Saturday. 10.She________ (buys/bought) a new book yesterday. 三、单项选择。 1.Jim________ very happy last night. A. is B. looks C. was 2.She________ to school at 7:00 every day, but yesterday she________ to school at 7:20. A. goes; goes B. goes; went C. went; went 3.Tom________ a basketball match tomorrow. A. watches B. watched C. will watch 4.We________ football next Sunday. A. play B. played C. are going to play 5.Look! The bus________. A. is coming B. comes C. came 6.Our English teacher________ an English book now. A. reads B. read C. is reading 7.-What's Amy doing? -She's________ in the classroom. A. singing B. sings C. sang 8.My father often________ toy cars for us. A. made B. is making C. makes 9.-How________ he go to work? -He________ to work by bike. A. does; go B. do; goes C. does; goes 10.Mr Green usually________ newspapers in the evening, but he and his wife________ television yesterday evening. A. reads; watches B. reads; is going to watch C. reads; watched 四、用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1.John________ (have) a lovely cat. 2.Look! Tom________ (fly)a kite. 3.I________ (study) English at home yesterday. 4.Kate________ (watch) TV every evening. 5.He________ (read) a book last night. 6.Hurry up! Everybody________ (wait)for you. 7.Tom and I________ (see) a film tomorrow. 8.My mother often________ (tell) me not to read in bed. 9.She________ (visit) her grandparents next Saturday. 10.She usually________ (wash) her clothes at home. 五、按要求完成句子。 1.We study English this year.(用 next代替this改写句子) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.I'm at home today.(用 yesterday 代替today改写句子) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.I brush my teeth every morning.(用she代替I改写句子) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.She cooked the meals today.(改成否定句) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.He saw elephants last year.(用next代替last改写句子) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 六、对画线部分提问。 1. My mother goes to work at 6:00. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. They are going to clean the classroom tomorrow afternoon. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.Tom and John play football on the playground. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.The baby is sleeping now. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 七、根据所给的中文意思，完成下列句子。 1.你从哪里来？ Where do you________ ________？ 2.他明天要和他的妹妹一起去画画。 He________ ________ ________ with his sister tomorrow. 3.我的爱好就是听音乐和游泳。 My hobbies________ ________ to music and swimming. 4.我父亲正在他的书房里写信。 My father is________ a________ in his study. 5.张鹏上周日做作业和购物了。 Zhang Peng________ ________ homework and________ shopping last Sunday. 八、阅读短文，用所给单词的适当形式填空，并将答案写在文后的横线上。 I have a new pen pal. Her name is Cathy. She 1 (live) in Wuhan. She 2 (have) good living habits. She 3 (do) exercise every day. Yesterday she 4 (play) table tennis with her parents. She doesn't like 5 (eat) fast food. Look, she 6 (swim) now. Tomorrow she 7 (go) riding with her friends. 1. ________ 2. ________ 3. ________ 4. ________ 5. ________ 6. ________ 7. ________ 真题演练 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1.(南京)Tom usually________ (keep) his room clean and tidy. 2.(南京)The students________ (watch) fireworks tomorrow evening. 3.(济南)I stayed at home and________ (sleep) all weekend. 4.(武汉)He________ (be) a famous actor in ten years. 5.(石家庄)Before I________ (am) short. Now I am tall. 二、单项选择。 1.(南京)There________ an animal music party last Tuesday. Sam and Bobby had a good time there. A. will be B. was C. were 2.(武汉)John usually________ kites in the park on Sunday. But last Sunday, he________ it in the zoo. A. flies; flied B. flew; flew C. flies; flew 3.(广州)Don't________ sad. There________ a concert in our school soon. A./;will be B. be; will be C. be; will have 4.(深圳)I am________ the Beijing Hospital, but I can't________ it. A. finding; find B. looking for; find C. finding; look for 5.(福州)Last year I________ back to my hometown. A. go B. went C. will go 6.(武汉)The police will________ us________ lost things. A. help; find B. help; finding C. helps; find 三、(汉中)给下列句子选择合适的答语。 ( )1.What did you do last Sunday? ( )2.How does Mary feel? ( )3. Where did you go on May Day? ( )4.What size are your shoes? ( )5.How did Amy go to Sanya last weekend? A. My shoes are Size 38. B.I took pictures. C. She went there by plane. D.I went to Shanghai. E. She is sad. 四、按要求完成句子。 1.(南京)Nancy often plays the piano at home.(改为一般将来时) Nancy________ ________ the piano at home. 2.(南京)Mrs Green made a cake last Saturday.(用now 改写) Mrs Green________ ________ a cake now. 3.(南昌)Tim did housework at home yesterday.(改为一般疑问句) Tim________ ________ housework at home yesterday? 4.(南昌)He did his homework carefully last night.(改为否定句) He________ ________ his homework carefully last night. 5.(济南)Did you buy gifts for your grandma?(作否定回答) No, ________ ________. 参考答案: 知能训练一 一、1.likes 2. watches 3.reads 4.does do 二、1.B 2.C 3.A 4.A 知能训练二 一、1.is sleeping 2.is watering 3.are singing 4.are doing 二、1.C 2.B 3.B 4.C 5.C 知能训练三 一、1.will come/is going to come 2.will have/are going to have 3.am will go/am going to go 4.will rain 二、1.B 2.D 3.C 4.B 知能训练四 一、1.I didn't go hiking last weekend. 2.Did Mike do his homework yesterday? 3.I went to the park last Sunday. 二、1.D 2.A 3.D 4.C 过关训练 一、1.has 2.tries 3.fixes 4.writing 5.sitting 6.lying 7.do 8.fly 9.say 10.speak 11.learn 12.start 13.lived 14.caried 15.read 16.cut 二、1.goes 2.am writing 3.does 4. are listening 5.are going to play 6.watches 7.is reading 8.went 9.is going to play 10.bought 三、1.C 2.B 3.C 4.C 5.A 6.C 7.A 8.C 9.C 10.C 四、1.has 2.is flying3.studied 4.watches 5.read 6.is waiting 7.are going to see/will see 8.tells 9.isgoing to visit/will visit 10.washes 五、1. We are going to study/will study English next year. 2.I was at home yesterday. 3.She brushes her teeth every morning. 4. She didn't cook the meals today. 5.He is going to see/will see elephants next year. 六、1.When does your mother go to work? 2.What are they going to do tomorrow afternoon? 3.Where do Tom and John play football? 4.What is the baby doing now? 七、1.come from 2. will draw pictures 3.are listening 4.writing letter 5.did his went 八、1.lives 2.has 3.does 4.played 5.eating 6.is swimming 7.will go 真题演练 一、1.keeps 2.are going to watch/will watch 3.slept 4.will be 5.was 二、1.B 2.C 3.B 4.B 5.B 6.A 三、1.B 2.E 3.D 4.A 5.C 四、1.will play 2.is making 3.Did do 4.didn't do 5.I didn't 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$