专题04 形容词和副词-2025年英语小升初知识详细讲解

2025学年英语小升初知识详细讲解 专题04 形容词和副词 专题解说 表示人或事物的外表、形状、性质、颜色等的词叫形容词。形容词修饰名词或代词，它的基本用法就是为名词或代词提供更多的信息。 表示事情发生的时间、地点、原因、方式等含义的词叫副词。副词常用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子，用来说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。 考点归纳 考点 知识梳理 要点提示 形 容 词 和 副 词 的 基 本 用 法 1.形容词的一般用法。 (1)作定语，一般放在所修饰词的前面。 (2)作表语，放在系动词的后面。 其后可以接形容词作表语的系动词有：become(变得)、get(变得)、go(变得)、feel(感觉)、look(看上去)、sound(听起来)、smell(闻起来)、taste(尝起来)、turn(变得)、keep(保持)等。 (3)形容词修饰 something、anything、nothing、everything等复合不定代词时，须放在复合不定代词后面。 (4)表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词，应放在相应的名词之后。 (5)有些常见的形容词要注意区分。 ①只能作表语的形容词：afraid(害怕的)、alone(独自的)、asleep(睡着的)、awake(醒着的)、alive(活着的)、well(健康的)、ill(病的)、frightened(害怕的)等。 ②只能作定语的形容词：little(小的)、only(唯一的)、wooden(木质的)、woolen(羊毛质的)、elder(年长的)等。 ③形似副词的形容词：lonely(孤独的)、friendly(友好的)、lively(生动的)、lovely(可爱的)等。 ④复合形容词：snow-white(雪白的)、English-speaking(说英语的)、glass-topped(玻璃罩的)、full-time(全日制的)、well-known(众所周知的)、kind-hearted(善良的)、man-made(人造的)、take-away(可以带走的)、ten-year-old(十岁的)等。 2.多个形容词修饰名词的顺序。 多个形容词修饰名词时，顺序为：限定词(冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、数词)→描绘词(大小、长短、形状、新旧、长幼、颜色)→出处→材料性质→类别→名词。 3.形容词的常用句型。 (1)It's +adj.+of+sb.+动词不定式。 注意：这一句型表示“某人(做某事)。·····”。常用描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词。如：good(好的)、kind(友善的)等。 (2)It's + adj.＋for +sb.+动词不定式。 注意：这一句型表示“做某事对某人来说······”。常用的形容词有important(重要的)、necessary(必要的)、difficult(困难的)、easy(容易的)等。 (3)主语＋ be动词＋adj.+动词不定式。 注意：这一句型中常用表示感情或情绪，以及表示能力和意志的形容词。如：glad(高兴的)、sad(忧伤的)、thankful(感激的)、ready(乐意的；有准备的)、able(有能力的)、sure(确信 的)等。 4.副词的分类。 副词按词汇意义可分为： (1)方式副词。如：well、fast、slowly、carefully、quickly等。 (2)程度副词。如：too(太)、very、much、enough、almost、rather、quite等。 (3)地点副词。如：here、there、somewhere、home等。 (4)时间副词。如：today、early、soon、now、recently等。 (5)频度副词。如：always、often、usually、sometimes、seldom、never等。 (6)否定副词。如：no、not、neither、nor等。 (7)疑问副词。如：where、how、why等。 (8)其他副词。如：also、too(也)、only等。 5.副词的基本用法。 副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或其他结构的词类，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。 6.常见的近义副词辨析。 (1)very、much和very much的辨析。 very用于修饰形容词或副词的原级，much用于修饰形容词或副词的比较级，修饰动词要用very much. (2)so与such的辨析。 ①so修饰形容词或副词，such修饰名词。 ②so修饰的形容词后可以有一个单数的可数名词，其结构是： So +adj.+a/an+可数名词单数。such可以修饰可数名词单复数和不可数名词，名词前可以有形容词作定语，其结构是：such +a/an +adj.+可数名词单数，或者such+adj.+可数名词复数/不可数名词。 ③如果可数名词复数前有many或few,不可数名词前有much或little修饰，用so不用such.如：so many/few(如此多/少的)＋可数名词复数，so much/little(如此多/少的)＋不可数名词。 (3)also、too、as well与either的辨析。 also、too、as well用于肯定句中。also常用于be动词、情态动词、助动词之后，行为动词之前。as well、too位于句末。either用于否定句中，置于句末。 (4)sometime、sometimes、some time 与 some times的辨析。 sometime:某一时间；某一时刻(可指将来时，也可指过去时) sometimes:有时；不时地 some time:一段时间 some times:几次；几倍 (5)ago与before的辨析。 ago表示以现在为起点的“以前”，常与一般过去时连用，不可以单独使用。before指过去或将来的某时刻“以前”，也可泛指以前，常和完成时连用，可以单独使用。 形 容 词 和 副 词 的 级 1.大多数形容词和副词有三个等级：原级，即原形。比较级，表示“较·····.”或“更·····一些”。最高级，表示“最······”。 2.形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成。 (1)规则变化。 构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级 单音 节词 和部 分双 音节 词 一般在词尾加-er或-est high tall short slow higher taller shorter slower highest tallest shortest slowest 以字母e结尾的词，在词尾加-r或-st fine late finer later finest latest 重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母时，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-er或-est big thin fat hot bigger thinner fatter hotter biggest thinnest fattest hottest 以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的双音节词，先把y改为i,再加-er或-est easy funny early easier funnier earlier easiest funniest earliest 多音 节词 和部 分双 音节 词 在词前加 more或most beautiful interesting careful carefully more beautiful more interesting more careful more carefully most beautiful most interesting most careful most carefully (2)不规则变化。 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best bad/ill/badly worse worst many/much more most little less least far farther farthest further furthest old older oldest elder eldest 3.形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的用法。 等级 用法 例句 比较级 表示两者(人或事物)的比较。在“比较级＋than”的句型中，当than前后所使用的动词相同时，通常用助动词代替后面的动词。该动词或助动词可以省略。 Tom is taller than Kate. 汤姆比凯特高。 You know more about yourself than I(do). 你比我更了解你自己。 最高级 表示三者或三者以上(人或事物)的比较，其中有一个在某一方面超过其他几个，后面可用of(in)短语等来说明比较的范围。形容词最高级的前面一般要加定冠词the,副词最高级前的the可以省去 The Great Wall is the longest wall in China.长城是中国最长的城墙。 Who sings(the) most beautifully of the three?三个中谁唱得最动听？ 注意：在形容词和副词的比较级前，可以用much、a little等修饰。如：much better、a little taller. 4.表示两者在某一方面相同时，用“as +形容词或副词原形＋as”的句型。如：Tom is as old as Kate.汤姆和凯特年龄一样大。表示一方在某一方面不及另一方时，用“not as/so +形容词或副词原形＋as”的句型。如： This room is not as/so big as that one.这个房间不如那个大。 He doesn't walk as slowly as you.他走路不像你那样慢。 比较级，真简单，遇到than就用它。 一般情况加-er,e结尾直接加上-r. hot、fat、big and thin 双写 末尾加-er. heavy、early真复杂，y摇身变成ier. 单词若是多音节，请more帮忙站前面。遇到as...as要小心，两者之间用原形。 考点剖析 考点一 形容词和副词的基本用法 例题 单项选择。 1.My sister is a________ girl. A. good B. well C. very D. better 2.He puts on his coat and goes out________. A. quick B. quickly C. quicker D. more quickly 剖析 例题主要考查形容词和副词的用法。 1.由girl可知此处应用形容词来修饰名词，well和very均为副词，且句中没有比较标志，故选A. 2.由动词短语go out可知此处应用副词来修饰动词词组，且句中的两个动作put on与go out为并列行为，不存在比较，所以应填副词的原级形式，故选B. 答案:1.A 2.B 知能训练一 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. Wu Binbin is 180 kilograms. He is too________ (heavy). 2.Lele and his parents live________ (happy)together. 3.I'm happy you feel________ (good)now. 4.We can get there________ (easy). 二、单项选择。 1.She is a________ girl. She rides her bike________. A. care; careful B. careful; carefully C. carefully; careful D. care; carefully 2.The cake smells________. Please throw it away. A. good B. badly C. bad D. well 3.-How are your parents? -They are very________, thank you. A. bad B. kind C. well D. happy 4.Come here. I have________ to tell you. A. interesting something B. anything interesting C. nothing interesting D. something interesting 考点二 形容词和副词的级 例题 单项选择。 1.The white cat is________ than the black cat. A. thin B. thiner C. thinner 2.Jack is________ boy in our class. A. the tallest B. taller C. tall 剖析 例题主要考查形容词比较级和最高级的运用。 1.从题中的连词than可知这是一个需用比较级的句子，thin以一个辅音字母结尾，且其读音是重读闭音节，其比较级应该双写末尾的辅音字母n,再加-er,故选C. 2.介词短语in our class点明了比较的范围，由此可知此句是一个需用最高级的句子，又因形容词最高级前要加the,故选A. 答案:1.C 2.A 知能训练二 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. Tom is as________ (fat)as Jim. 2.Jack plays football________ (bad) than Dick. 3.Which is________ (heavy),Li Lei's box or Tom's box? 4.China is one of________ (big) cities in the world. 5.The girl sings________ (well) than the boy. 二、单项选择。 1. Tom: How tall are you? John: I'm 1.65 metres. I'm________ than you. Tom: But I am________ than you. A. taller; younger B. longer; older C. smaller; younger D. longer; younger 2.In our city, it is________ in July, but it is even________ in August. A. hotter; hottest B. hot; hot C. hotter; hot D. hot; hotter 3.It's such an________ film that all the students are________ in it. A. interesting; interested B. interested; interesting C. interesting; interesting D. interested; interested 4.I don't think English is________ Chinese. A. as important as B. not important as C. not so important D. important as 过关训练 一、按要求写单词。 1.sun(形容词) ________ 2.friend(形容词) ________ 3.big(最高级) ________ 4.help(形容词) ________ 5.good(比较级) ________ 6.China(形容词) ________ 7.quiet(副词) ________ 8.slow(副词) ________ 9.nice(最高级) ________ 10.fat(比较级) ________ 11.thin(反义词) ________ 12.old(比较级) ________ 13.free(反义词) ________ 14.happy(反义词) ________ 15.early(反义词) ________ 16.dirty(反义词) ________ 17.long(反义词) ________ 18.important(比较级) ________ 19.many(比较级) ________ 20.difficult(最高级) ________ 二、选词填空。 1. He is two years________ (old/older) than me. 2.My brother is too________ (young/younger) to go to school. 3. Can you jump________ (high/higher) than your brother? 4. This pencil is as________ (long/longer) as that one. 5. She did her homework________ (careful/carefully). 三、单项选择。 1.Which is________, the monkey or the elephant? A. heavy B. heavier C. heaviest 2.Tom is three years________ than Jim. A. young B. youngest C. younger 3.He is________ boy in his class. A. tall B. taller C. the tallest 4.I'm very________. I want some bread. A. hungry B. tired C. thirsty 5.This flower is________ than that one. A. beautiful B. beautifully C. more beautiful 6. Which subject do you like________, English, Chinese or Maths? A. best B. well C. better 7.He is________ enough to carry the heavy box. A. stronger B. much stronger C. strong 8.I have________ to do today. A. anything important B. something important C. important nothing 9.This bike is________ than that one. A. expensive B. more expensive C. most expensive 10.He looks________ today. A. happy B. happier C. happily 四、用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1.This monkey is________ (funny)than that one. 2.I feel________ (sad)today. 3. It's about four hundred metres________ (long). 4. Tom is________ (fat)than John. 5.Who draws________ (well),Amy or Sarah? 五、选出错误的一项，并在横线上改正。 ( )1.My hands are biger then his. ________ A B C ( )2.This box is as heavier as that one. ________ A B C ( )3. He looks happier. ________ A B C ( )4. It gets warm and warm. ________ A B C ( )5. I am much tall than you. ________ A B C 六、阅读对话，选择正确答案。 Tom: Do you have a sister, Peter? Peter: Yes. Her name is Kate. Tom: Is she older than you? Peter: No, she is younger than me. She is three years younger than me. Tom: Is she shorter than you? Peter: No, she is a little taller than me. Tom: Does she have bigger eyes than you? Peter: Yes, her eyes are bigger than mine. Tom: Who loves sports more, you or your sister? Peter: She does. She is the best swimmer, the best runner and the best tennis player in her class. 1.Kate is________ than Peter. A. old B. older C. young D. younger 2.Peter is________ than Kate. A. a little shorter B. a little taller C. bigger D. smaller 3.Kate's eyes are________ than Peter's. A. smaller B. bigger C. a little bigger D. a little smaller 4.Kate loves sports________ than Peter. A. much B. little C. more D. less 5.Kate is the best swimmer, the best runner and the best________ in her class. A. football player B. tennis player C. basketball player D. volleyball player 七、选择适当的单词完成短文。 happy very old small ashamed honest bad sad rich beautiful One day, an________ ________ businessman in a________ town meets a factory worker, a farmer and a fisherman. He gives them three seeds and says,“ Bring me the flowers in three months. The man with the most________ flower can have my money!” Three months later, the factory worker brings a big red flower. The farmer brings a small purple flower. But the poor fisherman brings nothing. He is________ sad. “I don't know why!” the fisherman says,“I watered it every day.” “You are________!” the businessman says.“The seeds are________ and will never sprout(发芽)！The money is yours.” The fisherman is very________ .The other two men feel________ and________. 真题演练 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1.(苏州)It's too late. My sister runs to school________ (quick). 2.(广州)The birds are getting ready to fly somewhere________ (warm). 3.(南京)We shouldn't drink too________ (much) cola. It's not________ (health). 4.(杭州)She is 33 kg now. She's________ (heavy) than before. 5.(武汉)It will be________ (sun) tomorrow. 二、单项选择。 1.(济南)When the sun is getting higher and higher, the duck's shadow is getting________. A. long and long B. short and short C. longer and longer D. shorter and shorter 2.(济南)-Sam is 165 cm tall. Ted is 3 cm shorter than him. -How tall is Ted? -________. A.162 cm B.160cm C.168 cm D.150 cm 3.(深圳)We shouldn't use________ plastic bags________ bottles. A. too many; and B. too much; or C. too much; and D. too many; or 4.(广州)All the students are very________ about the________ football match. A. excited; excited B. excited; exciting C. exciting; exciting D. exciting; excited 5.(南昌)Mike is an English boy. Chinese is________ for him. A. difficult B. famous C. easy D. old 三、(连云港)完形填空。 Fire can help people in many ways. But it can also be dangerous. Fire can keep your house 1 ,give light and cook food. But fire can burn things, too. 2 knows how people began to use fire. But there are many interesting old stories about how a man or a woman started a fire. One is about a man. The man lived a very long time ago. He went up to the sun and 3 fire down. Today people know how to make a fire with matches(火柴)。Children sometimes like to play with them. But matches can be very 4 .One match can burn a piece of paper, and it could burn a house. A 5 fire can turn into a big fire very quickly. So you must be careful not to play with fire. If you are careful, fire will help you a lot. But if you are not careful enough, it may hurt you. 1.A.warm B. bright C. cool D. hot 2.A.Anybody B. Nobody C. Somebody D. Everybody 3.A.put B. carried C. brought D. took 4.A.useful B. friendly C. dangerous D. useless 5.A.big B. small C. strong D. funny 参考答案: 知能训练一 一、1.heavy 2. happily 3.good/well 4.easily 二、1.B 2.C 3.C 4.D 知能训练二 一、1.fat 2.worse 3.heavier 4.the biggest 5.better 二、1.A 2.D 3.A 4.A 过关训练 一、1.sunny 2.friendly 3.biggest 4.helpful 5.better 6.Chinese 7.quietly 8.slowly 9.nicest 10.fatter 11.fat 12.older 13.busy 14.sad 15.late 16.clean 17.short 18.more important 19.more 20.most difficult 二、1.older 2.young 3.higher 4.long 5.carefully 三、1.B 2.C 3.C 4.A 5.C 6.A 7.C 8.B 9.B 10.A 四、1.funnier 2.sad 3.long 4.fatter 5.better 五、1.B bigger 2.B heavy 3.C happy 4.C warmer and warmer 5.B much taller 六、1.D 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.B 七、old rich small beautiful very honest bad happy ashamed sad 真题演练 一、1.quickly 2.warm 3.much healthy 4.heavier 5.sunny 二、1.D 2.A 3.D 4.B 5.A 三、1.A 2.B 3.D 4.C 5.B 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$