专题03 代词-2025年英语小升初知识详细讲解

2025学年英语小升初知识详细讲解 专题03 代词 专题解说 用来代替人、事物等名称的词叫代词。小学阶段我们主要学习人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词和疑问代词。 考点归纳 考点 知识梳理 要点提示 人 称 代 词 1.表示“我”“你”“他/她/它”“我们”“你们”“他/她/它们”的单词，叫作人称代词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化。 人称 单数 复数 主格 宾格 主格 宾格 第一人称 I(我) me(我) we(我们) us(我们) 第二人称 you(你) you(你) you(你们) you(你们) 第三人称 he(他) she(她) it(它) him(他) her(她) it(它) they(他们/ 她们/它们) them(他们/她们/它们) 2.人称代词的排列顺序。 两个以上的人称代词并用时，其排列次序为： (1)单数：通常按“二、三、一”人称排列。you and I; you and he; he and I; you, he and I.如： Mary and I are classmates.我和玛丽是同班同学。 You, he and I are good friends.你、我和他是好朋友。 (2)复数：通常按“一、二、三”人称排列。we and they; we and you; you and they; we, you and they.如： We and they are playing table tennis.我们和他们正在打乒乓球。 We, you and they are at home.我们、你们和他们都在家里。 3.人称代词的用法。 人称代词的主格在句子中用作主语，宾格用作宾语。宾格在句子中作宾语，往往放在动词或介词后面。如： I/We/You/They like him.我/我们/你们/他们喜欢他。 Our teacher loves us and we like her, too.我们的老师喜欢我们，我们也喜欢她。 人称代词用法口诀： 动前主格动后宾， 名前形容介后宾， 如果名词含在内， 选用名物代就行。 物 主 代 词 1.表示所属关系的代词叫作物主代词。物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种，并有人称和数的变化。 数 人称 形容词性 物主代词 名词性 物主代词 词义 单数 第一人称 my mine 我的 第二人称 your yours 你的 第三人称 his his 他的 her hers 她的 its its 它的 复数 第一人称 our ours 我们的 第二人称 your yours 你们的 第三人称 their theirs 他们的/她们的/它们的 2.形容词性物主代词类似一个形容词，不能单独使用，后须加名词，常用来修饰后面的名词。如： my book我的书 your home 你的家 3.名词性物主代词应独立使用，后面不跟名词。如： My shoes are bigger than yours.我的鞋子比你的大。 物主代词“形”变“名”歌： 形物代变名物代， 掌握规律变得快， 多数词尾加-s, my、its、his要除外， my把y来变成i, 接着再把ne带， his, its不用变， 词形一样莫奇怪。 反 身 代 词 1.表示反射或强调的代词叫作反身代词。反身代词可译为“我(们)自己、你(们)自己、他(们)/她(们)/它(们)自己”。 数 人称 单数 复数 第一人称 myself(我自己) ourselves(我们自己) 第二人称 yourself(你自己) yourselves(你们自己) 第三人称 himself(他自己) themselves(他们/她们/它们自己) herself(她自己) itself(它自己) 2.反身代词的作用。 (1)反身代词表示动作行为反射到行为执行者本身。如： Enjoy yourself.好好玩。 Help yourself.请自便。 They can look after themselves.他们能照顾自己。 (2)反身代词常用来加强语气。如： I open the window by myself.我自己打开窗户。 反身代词变化歌： 反身代词代自己，懂得规律很好记。单数人称加-self,复数人称加-selves.一、二人称都一样， 形容词性物主代词 后加“自己”。 第三人称不一样，要用宾格加“自己”。 指 示 代 词 1.指示代词的定义。 表示“这个”“那个”“这些”“那些”等指示概念的代词叫指示代词。 2.指示代词的分类及用法。 分类 用法 示例 近指 this 指时间或空间上较近的人或事物，指代或修饰可数名词单数。 This is my map. 这是我的地图。 these 指时间或空间上较近的人或事物，指代或修饰可数名词复数。 These boys are our friends. 这些男孩是我们的朋友。 远指 that 指时间或空间上较远的人或事物，指代或修饰可数名词单数。 That bird is yellow. 那只鸟是黄色的。 those 指时间或空间上较远的人或事物，指代或修饰可数名词复数。 Those are trees. 那些是树。 3.使用指示代词的注意事项。 (1)在回答指示代词作主语的一般疑问句或特殊疑问句时，答语要用it代替this或that,用they代替 these或those. (2)若名词前有指示代词修饰时，其前就不能再用冠词或形容词性物主代词。 如何将单数句变为复数句： (1)指示代词的变化：this 变 these, that变those;人称代词的变化：I变成we, you不发生变化，he/she/it变成they. (2)be动词的变化：am/is 变成are. (3)可数名词的变化：单数名词变为复数名词。如： This is a cat. →These are cats. He is a child.→ They are children. 不 定 代 词 1.不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫不定代词。常见的不定代词如下： other另一个 others 另一些 another另一个；又一个 many许多(用于可数名词) much许多(用于不可数名词) few很少；几乎没有(用于可数名词前) a few 几个；一些(用于可数名词前) little 很少；几乎没有(用于不可数名词前) a little 一些(用于不可数名词前) one一个(泛指一 个人或物) some一些 somebody某人 someone某人 something某事；某物 any一些；任何 anybody任何人 anyone 任何人 anything 任何事物 no无 nobody没有人 no one 无人 nothing 没什么 all全体；全部 both两个(都) none 没有人或物(指两个以上) neither 没有人或物(指两个当中) either 任何一个(指两个当中) each每个 every每一个 everybody每人； 大家；人人 everyone 每人 everything 每一件事物；一切 2.常见的不定代词的用法辨析。 (1)some和any. some常用在肯定句中，any常用在否定句和疑问句中。 (2)one和ones. one可代替上文中出现过的单数可数名词，具有泛指意义，其复数形式为ones. (3)all和both. all表示三者或三者以上都，both 表示两者都。 (4)few、a few和little、a little. few和little表示否定含义，都有“几乎没有”的意思。few后面接可数名词，little后面接不可数名词。 a few和a little表示肯定含义，都有“少数；少量”的意思。 a few后面接可数名词，a little后面接不可数名词。 (5)many和much. many和 much都有“许多；大量”的意思。many只代替或修饰可数名词复数，much只代替或修饰不可数名词。 1.the other(两个中的)另一个；the others(特指的)另一些 2.在 Would you like some milk?这类问句中用some,而不用any,这是因为问话者希望得到对方肯定的答复。 疑 问 代 词 用在疑问句中，用来询问“何人”“何物”“什么”的代词叫疑问代词。 疑问代词 词义 说明 who 谁(主格) 作主语，用来指人。 whom 谁(宾格) 作宾语，用来指人。 whose 谁的 用来指所属关系，如果作定语，一般后接名词。 which 哪一个 用来指人或事物，在一定范围限制之内进行选择。 what 什么 通常指事物，有时也可用来问人的身份。 疑问代词作主语时，动词用单数还是复数形式，要根据其代表的数决定。如果数的概念不清，动词多采用单数形式。 考点剖析 考点一 人称代词 例题 选词填空。 1.Please give_________ (him/he) a cup of water. 2. Nice to meet_________ (your/you). 3. _________ (She/Her) is my sister. 剖析 例题考查人称代词的运用，注意主格与宾格的用法。 1.动词give后要用人称代词的宾格形式，him是宾格，he是主格。 2.动词meet后要用人称代词的宾格形式，your是形容词性物主代词，you的主格和宾格同形。 3.be动词前要用主格表示主语，She是主格，Her是宾格。 答案:1.him 2.you 3.She 知能训练一 一、用所给代词的正确形式填空。 1. _________ (we) buy a pair of shoes for_________ (he). 2.Where is_________ (she)?I can't find_________ (she). 3.My father is talking with_________ (I). 4.It's time for_________ (they) to go home. 5.Shall_________ (we) go to the zoo by bus or by bike? 二、用适当的人称代词填空。 1.-What's the weather like today? -_________ is cloudy. 2.-I'd like to go for a walk. -_________, too. 3. Tom and Kate are classmates. _________ study hard every day. 4.Lingling is a girl. _________ studies in a primary school. Her brother lives with_________ and helps_________ to prepare the lessons. 考点二 物主代词 例题 用所给代词的正确形式填空。 1. _________ (she) name is Lucy. Look! Those pens are_________ (she). 2.-Are these_________ (they)bags? -No, they aren't_________ (their). 剖析 例题考查物主代词的运用，物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。要完成此题，首先要确定横线上应填哪类物主代词。 1.第一空后有名词name,所以应填形容词性物主代词her.第二空后无名词，横线上应填相当于名词的名词性物主代词hers. 2.由第一空后的bags可知应填形容词性物主代词their.第二空后无名词，应填名词性物主代词theirs,表示their bags. 答案: 1.Her hers 2.their theirs 知能训练二 一、单项选择。 1.That's a cat. _________ name is Mimi. A. It B. It's C. Its D. Its' 2.These are_________ books. I'll put_________ in the box. A. my; them B. I; them C. my; they D. mine; them 3.How beautiful_________ is! A. she B. her C. hers D. its 4.Kate and Mike do_________ homework in the evening. A. one's B. his C. her D. their 5.We bought_________ a present, but_________ didn't like it. A. they; them B. them; they C. themselves; their D. theirs; they 二、(广州)填写适当的代词补全对话。 Tom: Whose bike is it? Is it 1 ? Mary: No, it's not 2 . 3 is red, but this bike is blue. Tom: Is 4 Jane's? Mary: Sorry, I don't know. Maybe it's 5 . Tom: Jane, is this 6 bike? Jane: No, it's not 7 .You can ask Bill. Maybe it's 8 . Tom: Bill, is this bike 9 ? Bill: Oh, yes, it's 10 bike. Thank you very much! 1. _________ 2. _________ 3. _________ 4. _________ 5. _________ 6. _________ 7. _________ 8. _________ 9. _________ 10. _________ 考点三 反身代词 例题 单项选择。 1.Help_________ to some chicken, children. A. your B. yourself C. yourselves D. themselves 2. Children can usually dress_________ by the age of five. A. themselves B. them C. selves D. ones 剖析 例题考查反身代词的运用。 1.help oneself to 意为“随便吃点”。由于说话的对象children是复数形式，所以横线处应填yourselves. 2.dress oneself意为“自己穿衣服”。因为主语children是复数形式，所以横线处应填 themselves. 答案:1.C 2.A 知能训练三 一、单项选择。 1.They look after_________ at home. A. yourselves B. yourself C. themselves D. them 2.Lily was 9 years old. _________ was old enough to go to school A. She; she B. She; herself C. Her; herself D. Her; she 3.Would you go there by_________? A. yourself B. myself C. himself D. herself 二、用所给代词的正确形式填空。 1.He is too young to dress_________ (he). 2.-Who taught you English last year? -Nobody taught me. I taught_________ (I). 3.Help_________ (you)to some meat, Mary. 考点四 指示代词 例题 单项选择。 1.This is my_________, and these are my_________. A. sisters; parent B. brothers; sisters C. sister; parents D. parent; brother 2.Mum, _________ is my friend, Tom. Tom, _________ is my mother. A. this; she B. he; this C. this; this D. he; she 剖析 例题考查指示代词单复数与相对应的名词单复数情况，以及指示代词在介绍用语中的运用。 1.与主语this相对应的名词应用单数形式，与主语these相对应的名词应用复数形式，故本题选C. 2.介绍某人时常用指示代词而不用人称代词，运用句型“This is...”，故本题选C. 答案:1.C 2.C 知能训练四 一、单项选择。 1. _________ is my cousin, and_________ are my classmates. A. This; this B. This ;these C. These; these D. That; these 2.Are_________ your watches over there? A. this B. that C. these D. those 3.-Is_________ Li Ping?-Yes, speaking. A. this B. she C. that D. it 4.-Is this your friend?- _________ A. Yes, he is. B. Yes, it is. C. No, it's not. D. Yes, I am. 5.-What are those?- _________ A. They are box. B. They are boxes. C. It's a box. D. Yes, they are. 二、按要求完成句子。 1.Is this your pen?(作否定回答) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.Are those Kate's parents?(作肯定回答) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.These are oranges.(对画线部分提问) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Is this her dictionary?(改为复数句) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.Those aren't my watches.(改为单数句) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 考点五 不定代词 例题 按要求完成下列各题。 1.用some或any填空。 -Is there_________ water in the cup? -Yes, there is_________ water in the cup. 2.单项选择。 There is_________ milk in the glass. A. many B. little C. few D. a few 剖析 例题考查不定代词的用法。 1.some一般用于肯定句中，any一般用于否定句或疑问句中。第一空所在的句子为一般疑问句，用any.第二空所在的句子为肯定句，用some. 2.milk是不可数名词，many、few、a few均用于可数名词前，little用于不可数名词前，故选B. 答案:1.any some 2.B 知能训练五 一、单项选择。 1.-Would you like some tea? -Yes, just_________. A. a few B. few C. a little D. little bit 2.Would you like_________ for supper? A. something Chinese B. Chinese something C. anything Chinese D. Chinese anything 3.-Would you like some tea or coffee? -_________. Thanks, I've had enough. A. Either B. Neither C. Some D. Both 4. _________ of the teachers are OK in our school. A. Every B. Each C. Either D. All 5. The old man kept one black dog and two white_________. A. one B. ones C. those D. one's 二、选出错误的选项，并在横线上改正。 ( )1. There are a little students in the classroom. _________ A B C ( )2.I don't have some apples. _________ A B C ( )3.There is many tea in the cup. _________ A B C 考点六 疑问代词 例题 按要求完成下列各题。 1.单项选择。 -_________ is that girl? -She is my sister. A. Who B. What C. Where D. How 2.用适当的疑问代词填空。 (1)- _________ rabbits are these? -They are Tom's. (2)- _________ colour are the shoes?-They are white. 剖析 1.由答语“She is my sister.”可知是询问人物是谁，Who用来指人，故选A. 2.(1)疑问代词后紧接名词rabbits,且答语中有单词Tom's,故应填疑问代词Whose. (2)由答语中的white可知问句中问的是鞋的颜色，用what colour提问，故应填What. 答案:1.A 2.(1)Whose (2)What 知能训练六 一、用合适的疑问代词填空。 1.- _________ is this? -It's a map. 2.- _________ does your mother do? -She is a cleaner. 3.- _________ one do you like? -I like the blue one. 4.- _________ is your sister talking to? -She's talking to her teacher. 5.- _________ crayons are these? -They're Mike's. 二、给下列问句选出正确的应答语。 ( )1.Why does Kitty like the oil painting? ( )2.Which one do you like, Joe? ( )3.How much do you weigh? ( )4.What do you want to make, Jill? ( )5.What do you often do after school? A.40 kilograms. B. Because she likes the colours. C.I like the one on the right. D.I often play football with my classmates. E.I want to make a crown. 过关训练 一、完成下面的表格。 主格 宾格 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 I 1. _________ 2. _________ 3. _________ 4. _________ you 5. _________ 6. _________ 7. _________ 8. _________ 9. _________ his 10. _________ 11. _________ her 12. _________ It 13. _________ 14. _________ 15. _________ 16. _________ us 17. _________ 18. _________ 19. _________ 20. _________ their theirs 二、用适当的代词填空。 1.I'd like an orange. Can you give_________ one? 2.Sally is ill and_________ can't go to school. 3.The twins clean_________ bedroom every week. 4.My brother is a teacher. _________ teaches English. 5.Mary and Judy are coming. I'd love to see_________ 三、单项选择。 1. _________ will spend the summer holiday in Hawaii. A. She, you and I B. You, she and I C. I, you and she D. Her, me and you 2.My parents are workers. _________ both work in the same factory. A. Them B. They C. He D. She 3. Dalian is famous for_________ seafood and beautiful beach. A. it's B. it C. is D. its 4.-Who is singing in the next room? -_________ must be Mary. A. She B. This C. It D. He 5.He's lazy. Let_________ wash his clothes. A. he B. his C. him D. he's 6.The coats are not_________ . _________ coats are in the washroom. A. our; Our B. his; Hers C. theirs; Their D. mine; Mine 7.Can you tell_________ about_________ family? A. me; your B. your; me C. me; you D. them; me 8. _________ bedroom is very big. A. Tim and Tom's B. Tim's and Tom C. Tim's and Tom's D. Tim and Tom 9.-Whose gloves are they? -_________ my_________. A. It's; mother's B. They're; mother's C. They're; mother D. It's; mother 10.I have two holidays_________ year. A. each B. every C. both D. none 四、选择合适的疑问词填空。 Why Whose What Who When 1.- _________ does your mother do? -She is a teacher. 2.- _________ do you like summer? -Because I can go swimming. 3.- _________ do you go to school? -At half past seven. 4.- _________ is that boy? -He is my brother. 5.- _________ is this sweater? -It's Tom's. 五、用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1.These bags are_________ (we). 2.-Whose knife is it? -It's_________ (she). 3.Open the door for_________ (I),please. 4. _________ (he) name is Jack. 5.Those are_________ (they) books. 6.That yellow bike is_________ (I). 7. _________ (it) name is Wangwang. 8.That isn't_________ (you) book. 9.Please give_________ (he) a bottle of water. 10.This is your classroom. _________ (our) is next to the teachers' office. 11.Shall_________ have a look at that classroom? That is_________ classroom.(we) 12. _________ is my aunt. Do you know_________ job?(she) 13.Where is Tom? _________ mother is looking for_________.(he) 14.Where are_________? I can't find_________. Let's call_________ parents.(they) 15.The girl behind_________ (she) is our friend. 16. _________ sister is ill. Please go and get_________ to the hospital. (she) 17. _________ don't know her name. Would you please tell_________?(I) 18.It's time ford_________ (they) to clean the classroom. 19.I have a lovely brother. _________ is only 3.I like_________ very much.(he) 20.May I sit beside_________ (you)? 六、对画线部分提问。 1.There are six people in my family. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.My brother is twelve years old. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.I like spring because I can fly kites. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.Amy and Kate are at school. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. This book is Tom's. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 真题演练 一、单项选择。 1.(广州)Janet's brother gave_________ a bag as a present last month. A. she B. her C. his 2.(广州)We think_________ school is beautiful. A. our B. us C. we 3.(广州)“Don't worry. There's_________ much wrong with you,” said the doctor. A. nothing B. everything C. something 4.(随州)Tell_________ about your school, please. A. us B. we C. our 5.(南昌)Look! The pictures are_________. They are beautiful. A. mine B. my C. me 6.(武汉)I don't want this shirt. Please show me_________. A. others B. the other C. another 7.(深圳)- _________ are you so sad?-Because I lost my bag. A. When B. Why C. Where 8.(深圳)I will teach you_________ to swim. A. what B. how C. who 9.(石家庄)- _________ will you stay there? -For about one month. A. How long B. How many C. How often 10.(长沙)-What does your father do?- _________ A. He is a policeman. B. He goes there by bike. C. He works on a farm. 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1.(南昌)Don't use that cup. It is_________ (my). 2.(广州)“How can I get to the museum?” he said to_________ (he). 3.(广州)-Are there_________ (some) bridges over the river? -No, there aren't. 4.(长沙)I have many friends. _________ (they) are all good at English. 三、(厦门)根据对话情景，选择合适的句子补全对话。 Amy: Hello, Mike! Mike: Hi, Amy! 1 Amy: I went to Zhangzhou. Mike: Great. 2 Amy: No, my father took me there by car. Mike: 3 Amy: We ate delicious food. It’s very cheap. Mike: That’s nice. 4 Amy: Yes, We also went to the zoo. 5 Mike: Yes, I went to the science museum with my cousin. Amy: Sounds interesting. Mike: Yes, the robot show was amazing. A. Was your holiday interesting? B. Where did you go last holiday? C. What did you do there? D. How did you go there? By train? E. Did you do anything else? 1. _________ 2. _________ 3. _________ 4. _________ 5. _________ 参考答案: 知能训练一 一、1.We him 2.she her 3.me 4.them 5.we 二、1.It 2.Me 3.They 4.She her her 知能训练二 一、1.C 2.A 3.A 4.D 5.B 二、1.yours 2.mine 3.Mine 4.it 5.hers 6.your 7.mine 8.his 9.yours 10.my 知能训练三 一、1.C 2.B 3.A 二、1.himself 2.myself 3.yourself 知能训练四 一、1.B 2.D 3.C 4.A 5.B 二、1.No,it isn't. 2.Yes,they are. 3.What are these? 4. Are these their dictionaries? 5.That isn't my watch. 知能训练五 一、1.C 2.A 3.B 4.D 5.B 二、1.B a few 2.C any/A 删去 3.B much 知能训练六 一、1.What 2.What 3.Which 4.Who/Whom 5.Whose 二、1.B 2.C 3.A 4.E 5.D 过关训练 一、1.me 2.my 3.mine 4.you 5.your 6.yours 7.he 8.him 9.his 10.she 11.her 12.hers 13.it 14.its 15.its 16.we 17.our 18.ours 19.they 20.them 二、1.me 2.she 3.their 4.He 5.them 三、1.B 2.B 3.D 4.C 5.C 6.C 7.A 8.A 9.B 10.B 四、1.What 2.Why 3.When 4.Who 5.Whose 五、1.ours 2.hers 3.me 4.His 5.their 6.mine 7.Its 8.your 9.him 10.Ours 11.we our 12.She her 13.His him 14.they them their 15.her 16.Her her 17.I me 18.them 19.He him 20.you 六、1.How many people are there in your family? 2.How old is your brother? 3.Why do you like spring? 4.Where are Amy and Kate? 5.Whose book is this? 真题演练 一、1.B 2.A 3.A 4.A 5.A 6.C 7.B 8.B 9.A 10.A 二、1.mine 2. himself 3.any 4.They 三、1.B 2.D 3.C 4.E 5.A 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$