Unit 3 Back to the Past 任务单-2024-2025学年高中英语译林版（2020）选择性必修第三册

Book 6 unit 3 姓名_______ Reading 课文语块梳理 ·dream about time travel 梦想时光旅行 ·explain sth.to sb.向某人解释某事 ·It's against reason.这是不合情理的。 ·conduct an experiment 做个实验 ·adapted from...改编自…… ·go back to..回到…… ·historical figure 历史人物 play an important role in...在······中发挥重要作用 •improve our knowledge of the Earth提高我们对地球的认识 ·sail the oceans/seas航海 ·one of China's greatest explorers中国最伟大的探险家之一 · a fleet of over 200 ships一支由200余艘船只组成的船队 · a splendid scene场面极其壮观 ·according to some records 据史料记载 •the advanced technology and special skills高超的技术和独特的工艺 ·on behalf of代表 •make a total of seven voyages总共进行七次航行 ※a total of总数为 ·be loaded with...满载…… ay friendly visits to more than 30 countries and regions对30多个国家和地区进行友好访问 ※ pay friendly visits to.对……进行友好访问 .have a far-reaching impact on..对……产生深远影响 ·set foot到访；踏进；进入 strengthen harmonious relations with..巩固与……的和睦关系 expose foreign people to Chinese culture 使外国人了解中国文化 ※expose..to..使接触；使暴露于 . allow the Chinese to better understand overseas lands使中国人更好地了解海外诸邦 dismiss sth. as...把某事当作……而不予理会 •make great discoveries 取得伟大发现 ·overcome many challenges 战胜重重磨难 insist on doing sth.决心做某事 ·after continuous attempts经过不懈的尝试 • receive financial support from...获到······的资助 · depart from..从……出发 ·be full of challenges 饱经患难 ·face a shortage of food面临食物储备不足 put sb.in danger 把某人置于危险之中 ·in panic恐慌 regardless of all the challenges不顾所有的挑战 ※regardless of不管，不顾 · keep sb.out of danger 使某人平安 spot land in the distance 看到远方的陆地 ·be convinced that..深信…… over the course of..在……的过程中 •witness many important geographical findings见证许多重大地理发现 •allow for 实现 •an international exchange of ideas and cultures思想和文化的国际交流 ·departure time出发时间 encounter challenges面对挑战 .change the course of history改变历史的进程 ·a glorious era一个辉煌的时代 ·take charge of the task负责这项任务 ·There is proof that...有证据表明…… • a fascinating legend about...一个关于···的迷人传说 · in the subsequent year 次年 ·be astonished by..对····感到震惊 ·fall ill 生病 •on one's deathbed在某人临终时 ·in line with his will 按照他的意愿 ※in line with符合；与······一致 •bear witness to...见证·… ··· illustrate one's point 说明某人的观点 课文语法填空： Sailing the oceans 航海 Zheng He 郑和 In the summer of 1405, Zheng He, one of China’s greatest 1._________ (explore), set sail from Taicang ______ his first voyage. A fleet of over 200 ships navigated the blue seas, with almost 28,000 people on board, 2._________ was a splendid scene. It would take 500 years before a 3._________(large) fleet sailed the seas. According ______ some records, the largest ships were over 140 metres in 4. _________(long), demonstrating the advanced technology and special skills 5. _________ (use) in constructing ships. Between 1405 and 1433, on behalf 6. _________ the Ming Dynasty, Zheng He made ______ total of seven voyages. His ships ____________( load) with china, silk, tea and other treasures as gifts for foreign rulers, and the fleet 7. ________ (pay) friendly visits to more than 30 countries and____________( region). He even sailed as far as the east coast of Africa. As they sailed, the navigators took compass 8. _________(read), kept logs of their voyages and charted the coast. Later the____________( detail) maps became Zheng He’s Navigation Map. Zheng He’s seven voyages had a far-reaching impact ______China and 9._________ (it) neighbours. In the countries and regions Zheng He set foot, legends have been passed on about this great explorer. Zheng He’s efforts helped develop and strengthen 10._________ (harmony) relations with these countries and regions, exposing foreign people 11.________ Chinese culture, and allowing the Chinese to _________(good ) understand overseas lands. For many years, some 12. _________ (history) dismissed the records of these voyages as legends. The final 13._________ (prove) came when an enormous shipyard was discovered in Nanjing, 14._________ the fleet had been built. Zheng He’s ________________(accomplish) are now widely acknowledged, and he is remembered______ one of China’s most 15._________ (influence) explorers. Christopher Columbus 克里斯托弗-哥伦布 Those 16. _________make great discoveries must often overcome many challenges along the way —______ was the case with the explorer Christopher Columbus. Columbus was born in a port city of Italy in 1451. ______ a teenager; he loved 17. _________(sail), and he showed great interest in geography, ______ inspired him to begin his career as a seaman. Columbus insisted 18. ________ searching for a direct sea route to the East Indies by sailing across the Atlantic Ocean. After 19. ________ (continue) attempts, he received 20. ________(finance) support from the King and Queen of Spain. ______ 3 August 1492, he departed from Spain with three ships 21. ________ (carry) about 90 crewmen. The journey was full of challenges: it took longer than 22. ______________ (expect), they faced a 23. ________ (short) of food, and one of the ships was____________( leak) badly, ______ put everyone on this ship______ grave danger. The men on board were ______ panic. Regardless of all the challenges, Columbus managed ____________（ keep） everyone out of danger with his knowledge and 24. ________ (brave) across the ocean. ______（Final), on 12 October, the crew 25. ________(spot) land in the distance. Columbus called the natives living on the islands Indians because he 26. ________(convince) that he was in the East Indies.___________, the shores they had reached _____ (be) of the Caribbean, not the East Indies. Between 1493 27. ________ 1504, Columbus found more land over the course of his three subsequent voyages. The major contribution of this great explorer is 28 ________he “discovered” the New World. His 29. ______________(discover) inspired explorers such as Captain James Cook ____________( explore) and discover more vast areas of the world. His voyages opened a new chapter of the Age of Exploration, a period which witnessed many important 30. ________ (geography) findings. This period also allowed for an international exchange of ideas and cultures. Grammar 课文语块梳理 .one of the greatest historians最伟大的历史学家之一·be influenced by...受····…的影响 . take an interest in...对……感兴趣 • great literary masters 文学大师 · travel extensively across the country周游全国 · a wide range of information广泛的信息 ·succeed sb.as..接替某人担任··…··· ·facilitate one's access to...方便某人使用/到达/进入…… ·sort out理顺，整理；把······安排好 available resources可利用的资源 ·painstaking efforts艰辛的努力(painstaking adj.需细心的；辛苦的；需专注的) •His chief concern was...他最关心的是··…· ·carry on with one's work 继续某人的工作 ·sth.happen(s) to sb.某人遭遇某事 ·be put in prison被投入监狱 • suffer a lot of pain physically and mentally遭受身体和精神上的巨大痛苦 ·in good times or bad times无论顺境还是逆境 wars break out战争爆发 ·make it a rule that..规定···· · historical documents历史文献 ·historic destinations历史景点 disagree with sb.(on/about/over sth.)(在某事上)与某人意见不合 ·ancient legends古代传说 ·consist of 由······组成/构成(不用于进行时态和被动语态) ·not only..but also...不仅……而且…… vivid descriptions of historical figures 对历史人物的生动描述 ·exceptional figures 杰出人物 ·in the form of stories 以故事的形式 ·dry facts 枯燥的事实·be still in constant use 至今仍然经常使用 ·in a similar format以类似的形式 ·together with和…一起，连同… · be known as...被称为…… Integrated skills 课文语块梳理 popular history books 通俗历史读物 ·academic history books学术性历史书籍 ·There is a new trend towards...有一种……的新趋势。 ·inspire sb.to do sth.激励某人做某事 ·be eager to do sth.渴望做某事 ·a heavy topic一个沉重的话题 ·the general/ordinary reader 普通读者 •on our shelves在我们的书架上 ·build a better future建设一个更美好的未来 •the rise of popular history books通俗历史读物的兴起 ·with a touch of humour 带有一点儿幽默 ·seek to do sth.试图/设法做某事 •adopt a natural,chatty style of writing采用自然、闲聊式的写作风格 ·engage the reader's interest引起读者的兴趣 ·attract a wider audience吸引更广泛的读者/观众/听众 ·grab the reader's attention吸引读者的注意力 ·(be)packed with挤满…；塞满···;充满… (be)highly readable可读性很强(read v readable adj.可读性强的；通俗易懂的) contrary to与…相反 ·tend to do sth.倾向于做某事，往往做某事 an approach to (doing)sth.(做)某事的方式/方法 one's attitude towards/to某人对····…的态度 Extended reading&project 课文语块梳理 .as usual 照常，像在常一样 .the wake-up call 起床的号声 .the men aboard the warship在战列舰上的人 .stretch and rub one's eyes 伸懒腰，揉眼睛 .be awakened by 被……唤醒/吵醒 .dress in one's uniform穿上制服 .a huge crashing sound一声巨响 .1ook at each other in horror惊恐地望着对方 . circle like eagles像雕一样盘旋 . hang over the sea笼罩着海面(hang over笼罩). feel one's blood freeze 感到血液凝固 ·come to oneself神志清醒过来 .rush up to the deck 冲到甲板上 ·moments later片刻之后 .suffer serious burns on+身体部位… ·遭受严重烧伤·with only minor injuries只受了轻伤 abandon ship弃船 ·drag sb. into 把某人拖进… ·in the chaos and confusion在混乱中 ·send a message to...给…发送信息 ·get in touch with sb.与某人取得联系 ·one's remarkable actions某人出色的表现 ·open up直抒胸臆，畅所欲言 ·be fortunate to do sth.有幸能做某事 ·hatch a plot 策划阴谋 · launch a surprise attack on...对……发动偷袭 ·declare war on...对······宣战 ·in total总共；总计(同义：in all,altogether) ·survive the attack 在袭击中幸存 come as a great shock to...使……大为震惊 deliver a speech/lecture发表演讲 in response to对······作出反应/答复 join the Second World War加入第二次世界大战 ·be marked with 标注着··，标有 the ship's sunken remains沉船的残骸 •at the bottom of 在……底部 ·show respect for...对·····表示尊重/敬意 pray for world peace 祈祷世界和平(pray for..为……祈祷) one of the darkest episodes最黑暗的事件之一 •the Industrial Revolution 工业革命 ·spread to...传播到·…… ·a specialized role一个专门的角色 ·(be) suitable for适合…… •in the late 18th century在18世纪末 ·power all types of machines为各种机器提供动力 ·the shift from..to...从……向……的转变 (be) combined with...与……结合 ·in turn反过来，转而 ·have an impact on...对···有影响，对···造成冲击 ·bring about导致 ·an urban working class城市工人阶级 Hell comes to pearl harbor 地狱降临珍珠港 It was Sunday, December 7,1941. ______ usual, the wake-up call came at 5:45 a.m. The men aboard the warship USS Arizona stretched and 31. ________(rub) their eyes. Seaman Russell Warriner 32. ________ ( awaken) by Quartermaster Louis Conter. Russell made his bed and helped clean the huge, 33. ________(share) room. The men went to the washroom, dressed in their uniforms and sat down to breakfast. It looked______ it would be a normal day on board the ship. 那是 1941 年 12 月 7 日，星期天。和往常一样，起床号在早上 5 点 45 分响起。美国“亚 利桑那号”战列舰上的人伸了伸懒腰，揉了揉眼睛。军需官路易•孔泰叫醒了海员拉塞尔-沃 里纳。拉塞尔整理了床铺，还帮忙打扫了这个巨大的共用房间。人们走进盥洗室，穿上制服， 然后坐下来吃早饭。看起这将是船上平常的一天。 But nobody ate ______(they)breakfast: at that moment, there was a huge crashing sound from above. The ship shook 34. ________ (violent) and the men looked at each other______ horror. Above their heads, hundreds of Japanese planes 35. ________ (circle) like eagles. They were diving down to drop bombs on Pearl Harbor. The scream of their engines was 36. ________ (deaf). As bombs thundered all around, clouds of black smoke ___________(rise) into the sky and 37. ________ (hang) over the sea. Russell felt his blood freeze, but he quickly came to 38. ________ (he) and rushed up to the deck. Moments later; a bomb hit the USS Arizona and Russell ____________( throw) more than 100 meters across the ship. He suffered serious burns on his hands, arms and legs, and watched many of his friends die. 但是没有人吃早饭:就在那时，上面传来一声巨响。船剧烈地摇晃着，船员们惊恐地面面 相觑。在他们头顶上，数百架日本飞机像鹰一样盘旋，它们俯冲下来把炸弹投到珍珠港。发动 机发出的轰鸣声震耳欲聋。炸弹在各处炸响，黑烟形成云，升上空并笼平着大海。拉塞尔觉得 自己的血都凝固了，但他立马反应过来，冲到甲板上。片刻之后，一枚炸弹击中了美国“亚利 桑那号”战舰，拉塞尔被炸到 100 多米开外。他的手、胳膊和腿被严重烧伤，眼睁睁地看着许 多朋友死去。 Louis, meanwhile, also 39. ________ (stand) on the deck, was lucky not to be thrown into the sea. With only minor____________( injury), he was able to help others 40. ________ were severely burnt and in terrible pain. After receiving the order to abandon ship, Louis saved more men from the water; 41. ________(drag) them into the lifeboat. In the chaos and ____________(confuse) after the attack, the US Navy sent a message to his family that Louis 42. ________ (kill) in the attack. Luckily, he was able to get ______ touch with them before the message arrived. Despite his 43. ________ (remark) actions, Louis did not think that he was a hero. “The heroes are the ones that gave their lives that day,” he said. 此时，路易也站在甲板上，很幸运没有被炸进海里。他只受了轻伤，还能帮助那些严重烧 伤、病苦不堪的人。在接到弃船的命令后，路易从水中救出了更多的人，把他们拖上了救生艇。 发生袭击后一片混乱，美国海军给路易的家人发送了条消息，称路易已经在袭击中丧生。幸运 的是，他在这则消息到家之前已经与家人取得了联系。路易虽然做出了非凡的举动，但他并不 认为自己是英雄。“英雄是那些在那天献生命的人，”他说。 Russell was saved from the water; but he was________( bad) burnt, 44. ________ (blood) heavily. _______________(Fortune), he was taken to hospital and survived. For many years, Russell refused ___________ (talk) about 45. ________ happened that morning, describing it____________( simple) as “ hell”. His wife Elsa said, “When he opened up later on, he always mentioned the horror of it.” 拉塞尔被从海里救了出来，但他被严重烧伤，大量出血。幸运的是，他被送医院并活了下 来。多年来，拉塞尔一直拒绝谈论那天早上发生的事情，只是简单地把它描述为“地狱”。。 他 的妻子埃尔莎说：“后来他敞开心扉时，总是提到那次袭击多么可怕。” Louis and Russell would never forget the terrible scene of the attack, but they were fortunate enough to be among the few 46. ________ (survive) from the Arizona. Nobody had expected the bombing. Japan ___________ ( hatch) a plot____________( launch) a surprise attack ______ Pearl Harbor; so the attack began ______ warning and without declaring war ______the United States. The attack 47. ________ (destroy) nearly 20 American ships and over 180 airplanes. ______ total, more than 2,000 American people were killed and over 1,000 others ____________( wound) that day. More than 1,000 people aboard the Arizona lost their 48. ________ (life). Out of 37 sets of brothers, Russell and his brother were the only full pair to survive the attack. 路易和拉塞尔永远不会忘记受袭击时的可怕场面，但他们足够幸运，是“亚利桑那号”的 少数幸存者。没有人料到会有空袭。日本策划了突袭珍珠港的阴谋，所以对这次袭击没有发出 任何警告，也没有对美国宣战。这次击毁了近 20 艘美国军舰和 180 多架飞机。当天共有超过 2, 000 名美国人死亡，1, 000 多人受伤。“亚利桑那号”上有 1, 000 多人丧生。在 37 对兄 弟中，拉塞尔和他的兄弟是唯一存下来的完整的一对。 The surprise attack came as a great shock to the whole nation. The next day, President Roosevelt delivered his famous Pearl Harbor Speech, in 49. ________ he described December 7 ______ “a date which will live in infamy” and asked that the US Congress declare war 50. ________Japan. In response______ the attack and the president’s address, the United States joined the Second World War. 这次突然袭击使美国全国大为震惊。第二天，罗斯福总统发表了著名的《珍珠港演说）， 他称 12 月 7 日为“一个耻辱的日子”，并要求美国国会对日本宣战。为了回应这次袭击和总 统的演讲，美国加入了第二次世界大战。 Today, the USS Arizona lies 51. ________ it sank: in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. Its 52. ________ (locate) is marked with a ____________ (memory) shaped like a bridge, which crosses the ship’s sunken remains. Each year; more than two million people visit the 53. ________ (memory). They come to see the shadow of the ship at the bottom of Pearl Harbor; to learn about the attack, to show respect for those 54. ______ had lost their lives in the attack and to pray______ world peace. Although about eight decades has passed, the attack on Pearl Harbor; one of the ____________( dark) episodes in American history, will never 55. ________ (forget). 今天，美国“亚利桑那号”战列舰仍在其沉没的地方:太平洋的中央。人们在它所在的位 置建了一座桥状的纪念馆，横跨沉船的残骸。每年都有 200 多万人参观这个纪念馆。游容来到 珍港看那艘船在海底的影子，了解袭击的情况，向那些在袭击中丧生的人表示致意，并为世界 和平祈祷。尽管过去了约 80 年，但美国历史上最黑暗的事件之一珍珠港事件永远不会被人们遗忘。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$