Unit 1 Cultural Heritage 定语从句（单元核心语法精练）英语人教版2019必修第二册

Unit 1 Cultural Heritage 核心语法精练（定语从句） 目录 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 2 一、定语从句高考真题 3 二、单句语法填空 3 三、完成句子 4 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 5 题型一 语法填空（模考真题） 5 题型二 阅读理解（模考真题） 6 1.定语从句 定语从句（也称关系从句、形容词性从句），是指一类由关系词引导的从句,因为这类从句的句法功能多是做定语，所以曾被称为定语从句。 限制性定语从句 2.关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词的用法: 关系代词 指代 在定从中所做成分 是否可省略 that 人；物 主语；宾语 作宾语可省 which 物 主语；宾语 作宾语可省 who 人 主语；宾语 作宾语可省 whom 人 宾语 可省 whose 人；物 定语 不可省 as 人；物 主语；宾语；表语 不可省 下列情况只用that不用which： ①先行词是all，something，everything，anything，nothing，little，much，few等不定代词； ②先行词被all，any，every，no，little，much，some等词修饰； ③先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词； ④先行词被the only，the very(正是，恰是)，the last修饰； ⑤先行词中既有人也有物； ⑥在which或who的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句。 3.关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词的用法: 关系副词 指代 在定从中所做成分 是否可省略 when 时间 状语 否 where 地点 状语 否 why 原因 状语 否 4.“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 ＂介词＋关系代词＂引导定语从句常见的几种结构： （1）介词＋关系代词 （2）名词/代词/数词＋介词＋关系代词 （3）形容词最高级＋介词＋关系代词 （4）介词＋关系代词＋名词 ＂介词＋关系代词＂结构中介词的选用 1.一般来说，确定关系代词前的介词，可以从以下三方面入手：①先行词的意义；②从句中的动词或形容词与先行词的固定搭配；③句子的意思。 2. 表示＂整体和部分关系＂，介词常用of。在some，any，few，none，all，both，neither，most，each等。代词或数词的前、后可以用of which/whom。 3.有时＂介词＋where＂可以引导定语从句，此时要和＂介词＋which＂引导的定语从句从意思上加以区别。 一、定语从句高考真题 2025年高考真题 1.（2025年全国一卷）An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, ____56____ originated in China more than 4,000 years ago. 2.（2025年全国二卷）I was born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio in the United States. Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, ____36____ bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range, and central heating doesn’t exist. 2024年高考真题 1.（2024·新高考I卷·语法填空）The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route ________ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England. 2.（2024·新高考II卷·语法填空）Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, ______ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown. 3.（2024·新高考II卷·语法填空）Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way ________ will make them the most money. 二、单句语法填空 1．People believe arriving at your friend’s home early is polite in China. 2．The girl mother is a doctor is my classmate. 3．I still remember the summer I was with my aunt at the age of seven. 4．When you sleep, your brain sorts through everything happened during the day. 5．The only mystery remains unsolved is how the pyramids of Egypt were built with such precision. 6．The famous professor and his achievements I heard about are greatly admired by these students. 7．Tom is a freshman English is fluent. 8．The global organization has over 1,000 branches adults of all ages come to read. 9．Festivals are always occasions we gather together to enjoy ourselves and forget about our work for a while. 10．A typhoon is an extremely strong wind often happens on the Western Pacific Ocean. 11．Could you give me the reason you are always late for handing in your homework? 12．Last week, I read a book from I knew how a person could make contribution to protecting the cultural heritage of his country. 13．This is the most wonderful novel I have ever read. 14．That is the girl to you talked just now. 15．I have the same magazine you bought just now. 16．The laboratory in they worked had poor air quality. 17．Are you looking for a Sports watch can help you keep track of your fitness? 18．The fire from the family was saved was put out within an hour by the firefighters. 19．The local market has everything shows the area’s cooking culture, from fresh seafood to handmade pasta. 20．People tend to forget the hard time they have gone through. 21．In a society being seen is often seen as being beautiful, teenagers sometimes turn to extreme methods to slim down quickly. 22．The digital age also enables us to find people share our interests, such as collecting model cars or playing an unusual instrument. 23．The hotel we stayed last summer is highly recommended by the local people. 24．Do you know the English teacher with Jay talked just now? 25．The first thing drew our attention was the music of the movie. 26．Don’t stand close to the house roof is under repair. 27．I really didn’t know anything happened to Jim yesterday. 28．One of the most spectacular man-made projects attract millions of people every year in South America is the Panama Canal. 29．Those saw Han Gan’s horse paintings all sang high praises for his unique skill. 30．As a businesswoman, I care deeply about my customers. But like anyone for you feel affection (喜爱), customers can also drive you mad. 三、完成句子 31．The girl whose hair is long is dancing on the stage. (把定语从句改写成简单句) 32．The bike which I bought last week was stolen. (把定语从句改写成简单句) 33．The factory is far from here. My father works in the factory. (合并为含有定语从句的复合句) 34．The car is very expensive. My uncle bought the car last week. (合并为含有定语从句的复合句) 35．Do you know the boy? The boy's mother is a doctor. (合并为含有定语从句的复合句) 36．The city is very beautiful. I visited the city last year. (合并为含有定语从句的复合句) 37．I will never forget those days.I was brought up in the countryside then.(用定语从句合并) 38．We visited the factory . 我们参观了他父亲工作的工厂。 39．Please pass me the book . 请递给我那本绿皮的书。 40．Art is a window. We can explore the artist’s soul and imagination through it. (用定语从句改写) Art is a window we can explore the artist’s soul and imagination. 题型一 语法填空 （24-25高一上·贵州毕节·期末）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Dujiangyan is the 1 (old) man-made water system in the world, and a wonder in Chinese science. 2   (build) over 2,200 years ago in what is now Sichuan Province in Southwest China, this amazing engineering 3 (achieve) is still used today. In ancient times, the region in which Dujiangyan now stands 4 (suffer) from regular floods caused by overflow from the Minjiang River. 5 (help) the victims (受害者) of the flooding, Li Bing, the region governor, together with his son, decided to find 6 solution. Li designed a series of channels (水渠) at different levels along mountains, which would take away the floodwater while leaving the river flowing naturally. Better still, the extra water could be directed to the dry Chengdu Plain, making 7 suitable for farming. Once the system was finished, no more floods occurred and the people were able to live 8 (peaceful). Today, Dujiangyan is admired by scientists around the world because unlike modern dams 9 the water is blocked by a huge wall, Dujiangyan still lets water flow through the Minjiang River naturally, 10 (enable) the nature and humans to exist in harmony. （23-24高一下·全国·随堂练习）课文填空 In the course of economic development, there comes a time 1 the old must give way to the new. 2 (keep) balance between progress and the protection of cultural sites can be a great challenge. In the 1950s, the Egyptian government wanted 3 (build) a dam. However, the project led 4 protests, because the water from the dam would likely damage a number of cultural relics. So the government turned to the UN for help. A committee 5 (establish) to deal with the challenge and the experts investigated the issue, conducted tests and made a 6 (propose) to save the cultural relics. 7 (final), the work began in1960. The temples and other cultural sites were taken down piece by piece and then moved and put back together again in a new place. Over the next 20 years, 8 (thousand) of engineers and workers rescued countless cultural relics. In 1980, the project ended, 9 was considered a great success. It shows that if a problem seems too difficult for a single nation, the global community can sometimes provide a 10 (solve). 题型二 阅读理解 （2025高一下·全国·专题练习）An old wooden stove (厨灶), bearing rich vivid images, took center stage in Haiyan county, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, in early February. The images feature historical figures, fairy tales, animals and flowers, all of which are pictured in bright colors. “They all represent people’s respect to heroes and wishes for good fortune,” says Zhao Shengbo, who created the zaotou (a kitchen stove) artwork. The special art form in Jiaxing was listed as a national cultural heritage in 2011. It was once common for farmhouses, especially those along the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, to have a zaotou with auspicious figures or patterns. Locals burned firewood in it to cook, before gas burners or microwave ovens were available. Historical evidence shows the art has a history of at least 300 years. Most of those engaged in zaotou painting were bricklayers in rural areas where they were often hired by villagers to build a stove in their new home on a good day and paint pictures on the stove. Tools used to produce such art included brushes, rulers, and paint. Folk craftsmen later also came to express life’s passions through zaotou paintings. They first whitewashed the mud-made stove with limewater (石灰水), drew the patterns based on the shape of the stove, before applying the final coat of paint. Later, watercolors were applied, mostly red, yellow and blue. “But no matter what material is used, the stove painting is always symbolic and contains good wishes for the owners,” Zhao says. Although some villages have recently improved the traditional zaotou into an electricity-powered stove for environmental protection, as local authorities have given more support to preserve cultural heritage, zaotou painting has grown with new power. “Now that zaotou paintings have been receiving more support from various sides, I’ll make my effort to create more works and reach out to those who show interest,” Zhao says. 1．What can we know about Zhao Shengbo from the text? A．He loved telling fairy tales. B．He was interested in making stoves. C．He was the creator of zaotou artwork. D．He got inspiration of paintings from animals. 2．What does the underlined word “auspicious” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Strange. B．Fortunate. C．Humorous. D．Mysterious. 3．What is the fourth paragraph mainly about? A．The meaning of zaotou paintings. B．Materials of creating zaotou paintings. C．The development of zaotou paintings. D．Processes of making zaotou paintings. 4．What can we infer about the future of zaotou painting? A．It will get more attention. B．It will be widely applied. C．It will be commercialized. D．It will attract more folk craftsmen. （24-25高一下·湖北荆州·阶段练习）When living or travelling internationally, we notice the differences between cultures before seeing the similarities. At first, some differences are easy to spot. Over time, however, there are some curious similarities between how people in the UK and China communicate. Indeed, international residents in both countries often complain about having to read what local people really mean, because it often differs from what is said. In the UK, outsiders often get confused when they realise that a person making rude comments was actually showing love. In situations like this, context is everything. Likewise, in China, outsiders must infer most meaning from context and from what is not said, rather than from what is. Otherwise, misunderstandings happen. The UK and China contexts share further cultural features, which greatly influence how people communicate, including the cultural trait (特点) of non-conflict. The British will do everything to avoid conflict. They will probably tell the waiter it was lovely even when served with poor quality food. This cultural trait can cause major misunderstandings. For example, a British business partner who is deeply unhappy with your proposal will probably say “there are just a couple of small concerns,” rather than telling you that the entire proposal is unsatisfactory. Chinese communication shows a very similar conflict prevention. Often challenges, errors, mistakes, or problems remain completely taboos (禁忌) as topics of discussion, even though everyone knows of their existence. Instead, people talk about working towards further goals or objectives, rather than directly admit that the current situation is far from satisfactory. Likewise, Chinese people like to keep a sense of harmony within all environments, and so avoid open criticism of each other. This is very similar to the way that a British person might tell you a colleague “is very confident” rather than that they are rude. In this sense, the British and Chinese can appreciate each other for harmony. 1．What does the author suggest in Paragraph 2? A．Polite comments are encouraged. B．Learning what is not said is difficult. C．Context is important in communication. D．Misunderstandings often happen among outsiders. 2．What will the British and the Chinese probably both agree with? A．Talking over taboos in discussions. B．Preventing misunderstandings in work. C．Avoiding discussing one’s mistakes in public. D．Making use of cultural traits in communication. 3．How does the author develop this passage? A．By using figures. B．By making comparison. C．By listing reasons. D．By making classifications. 4．Which of the following is the most suitable title for the passage? A．Cultural Differences Between the UK and China B．Avoiding Conflict: British Communication Styles C．The Importance of Context in Chinese Communication D．Shared Cultural Characters in Communication: UK and China 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 1 Cultural Heritage 核心语法精练（定语从句） 目录 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 2 一、定语从句高考真题 3 二、单句语法填空 4 三、完成句子 9 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 12 题型一 语法填空（模考真题） 12 题型二 阅读理解（模考真题） 15 1.定语从句 定语从句（也称关系从句、形容词性从句），是指一类由关系词引导的从句,因为这类从句的句法功能多是做定语，所以曾被称为定语从句。 限制性定语从句 2.关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词的用法: 关系代词 指代 在定从中所做成分 是否可省略 that 人；物 主语；宾语 作宾语可省 which 物 主语；宾语 作宾语可省 who 人 主语；宾语 作宾语可省 whom 人 宾语 可省 whose 人；物 定语 不可省 as 人；物 主语；宾语；表语 不可省 下列情况只用that不用which： ①先行词是all，something，everything，anything，nothing，little，much，few等不定代词； ②先行词被all，any，every，no，little，much，some等词修饰； ③先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词； ④先行词被the only，the very(正是，恰是)，the last修饰； ⑤先行词中既有人也有物； ⑥在which或who的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句。 3.关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词的用法: 关系副词 指代 在定从中所做成分 是否可省略 when 时间 状语 否 where 地点 状语 否 why 原因 状语 否 4.“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 ＂介词＋关系代词＂引导定语从句常见的几种结构： （1）介词＋关系代词 （2）名词/代词/数词＋介词＋关系代词 （3）形容词最高级＋介词＋关系代词 （4）介词＋关系代词＋名词 ＂介词＋关系代词＂结构中介词的选用 1.一般来说，确定关系代词前的介词，可以从以下三方面入手：①先行词的意义；②从句中的动词或形容词与先行词的固定搭配；③句子的意思。 2. 表示＂整体和部分关系＂，介词常用of。在some，any，few，none，all，both，neither，most，each等。代词或数词的前、后可以用of which/whom。 3.有时＂介词＋where＂可以引导定语从句，此时要和＂介词＋which＂引导的定语从句从意思上加以区别。 一、定语从句高考真题 2025年高考真题 1.（2025年全国一卷）An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, ____56____ originated in China more than 4,000 years ago. 答案：which。 解析：考查定语从句。句意：上海久事美术馆正在举办一场展览，展出的艺术品灵感来自围棋（中文称为“围棋”），它起源4000多年前的中国。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词为Go, or weiqi in Chinese，指物，且关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。 2.（2025年全国二卷）I was born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio in the United States. Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, ____36____ bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range, and central heating doesn’t exist. 答案：where。 解析：考查定语从句。句意：然而现在，我和我的中国丈夫和他的家人住在中国浙江的农村，在那里山上野生竹子和茶树丛生，鸡总是自由放养的，而且没有集中供暖。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the countryside of Zhejiang，China，关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 2024年高考真题 1.（2024·新高考I卷·语法填空）The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route ________ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England. 【答案】which/that 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：Mark Woodruff补充说：“这是当代设计的最高成就，在丝绸之路的尽头，中国亚热带西南部的植物群从温带的欧洲穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场，这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英国，定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。”空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词design，先行词指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which或that引导从句。故填which/that。 2.（2024·新高考II卷·语法填空）Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, ______ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown. 【答案】who 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：为了纪念被誉为“亚洲莎士比亚”的汤显祖，中国文化元素为莎士比亚的故乡——埃文河畔的斯特拉特福增添了国际化的色彩。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“Tang Xianzu”，在非限制性定语从句中担当主语，表示人，用关系代词who引导。故填who。 3.（2024·新高考II卷·语法填空）Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way ________ will make them the most money. 【答案】that/which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：当然，商店不是慈善机构——他们以最赚钱的方式给商品定价。在定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为way，所以应用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。 二、单句语法填空 1．People believe arriving at your friend’s home early is polite in China. 【答案】that 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：人们认为，在中国，提前到达朋友家是一种礼貌的行为。空处引导宾语从句，从句不缺少成分，引导词没有含义，需用连接词that引导。故填that。 2．The girl mother is a doctor is my classmate. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：妈妈是医生的那个女孩是我的同学。空处引导定语从句，先行词是the girl，关系词在从句中表示“女孩的妈妈”，作定语，所以用关系代词whose。故填whose。 3．I still remember the summer I was with my aunt at the age of seven. 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我还记得我七岁时和姨妈在一起的那个夏天。分析句子可知，“the summer”（那个夏天）是表示时间的先行词，后面的“I was with my aunt at the age of seven”是一个定语从句，在这个定语从句中，不缺少主语、宾语等主要成分，缺少的是时间状语，即在那个夏天”，关系副词 when 在定语从句中作时间状语，所以这里应填when。故填when。 4．When you sleep, your brain sorts through everything happened during the day. 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：当你睡觉时，你的大脑会整理白天发生的所有事情。空处引导定语从句，先行词是不定代词everything，在定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词that引导。故填that。 5．The only mystery remains unsolved is how the pyramids of Egypt were built with such precision. 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：唯一一个仍未解开的谜团是埃及金字塔是如何建造得如此精确的。空处引导定语从句，先行词为mystery，指物，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语，先行词前有the only修饰，所以只能用关系代词that引导。故填that。 6．The famous professor and his achievements I heard about are greatly admired by these students. 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我所了解到的这位著名教授及其所取得的成就，深受这些学生的敬仰。空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词The famous professor and his achievements，在从句作宾语，先行词既有人又有物，只能用that引导。故填that。 7．Tom is a freshman English is fluent. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：汤姆是一名英语流利的大一新生。这里考查定语从句，先行词为a freshman，在从句中作定语修饰English ，所以应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 8．The global organization has over 1,000 branches adults of all ages come to read. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：该全球组织拥有超过1000个分支机构，各个年龄段的成年人都可以来阅读。根据句意，空处引导定语从句，先行词为“branches”指地点，引导词在从句中作状语。故填where。 9．Festivals are always occasions we gather together to enjoy ourselves and forget about our work for a while. 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：节日总是我们聚在一起玩乐、暂时忘记工作的时刻。此处为限制性定语从句，先行词为occasions，意为“时刻”，引导词在定语从句中作时间状语，即“在这些时刻里”，应用关系副词when来引导。故填when。 10．A typhoon is an extremely strong wind often happens on the Western Pacific Ocean. 【答案】that/which 【详解】考查定语从句引导词。句意：台风是一种极强的风，经常发生在西太平洋。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词为wind，指物，且从句中缺少主语，因此应用关系代词that或which引导该从句。故填that/which。 11．Could you give me the reason you are always late for handing in your homework? 【答案】why 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你能告诉我你交作业总是迟到的原因吗？空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词reason，先行词在从句中表示行为发生的原因，作原因状语，应用关系副词why作引导词。故填why。 12．Last week, I read a book from I knew how a person could make contribution to protecting the cultural heritage of his country. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：上周，我读了一本书，从中我知道了一个人如何为保护他的国家的文化遗产做出贡献。此处是“介词+关系词”引导的限定性定语从句，先行词是book，指物，关系词在从句中作介词宾语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 13．This is the most wonderful novel I have ever read. 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这是我看过的最精彩的小说。空格处引导定语从句，对先行词novel进行限定说明，从句中缺少宾语，且先行词前有形容词最高级修饰，所以只能用关系代词that代替先行词在从句中作宾语。故填that。 14．That is the girl to you talked just now. 【答案】whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：那就是刚才和你说话的那个女孩。girl后为限制性定语从句，先行词是the girl，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作介词to的宾语，用whom，“介词to+whom”引导定语从句。故填whom。 15．I have the same magazine you bought just now. 【答案】as 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我有和你刚才买的一样的杂志。本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是magazine，指物，且被the same修饰，关系词代替先行词在从句中作bought的宾语，当先行词被the same修饰时，定语从句的引导词用as或that引导，且此处不是同一本杂志，用as引导。故填as。 16．The laboratory in they worked had poor air quality. 【答案】which 【详解】考查关系代词。句意：他们工作的实验室空气质量很差。先行词为laboratory，在定语从句中作in的宾语，关系代词为which。故填which。 17．Are you looking for a Sports watch can help you keep track of your fitness? 【答案】that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：您是否在寻找一款可以帮助您跟踪健康状况的运动手表？此处为关系词引导的定语从句，先行词 Sports watch，指物，在从句中作主语，所以应用关系代词that或者which。故填that/which。 18．The fire from the family was saved was put out within an hour by the firefighters. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：消防队员在一小时内扑灭了那场大火，使这家人得救。空处与from构成“介词+关系代词”引导的限制性定语从句，先行词为the fire，作从句中from的宾语，表示物，用which。故填which。 19．The local market has everything shows the area’s cooking culture, from fresh seafood to handmade pasta. 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句引导词。句意：当地市场拥有展示该地区烹饪文化的一切，从新鲜的海鲜到手工制作的意大利面。空处引导定语从句，先行词在从句中作主语，且先行词是不定代词“everything”，用关系代词that引导从句。故填that。 20．People tend to forget the hard time they have gone through. 【答案】that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：人们往往会忘记他们所经历的艰难时光。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词the hard time，作从句的宾语，表示物，用that/which引导从句。故填that/which。 21．In a society being seen is often seen as being beautiful, teenagers sometimes turn to extreme methods to slim down quickly. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在一个往往将被人看见视为美丽的社会里，青少年有时会采取极端的方法来迅速减肥。此处为定语从句，先行词为society，在从句中充当地点状语，所以应用关系副词where引导定语从句。故填where。 22．The digital age also enables us to find people share our interests, such as collecting model cars or playing an unusual instrument. 【答案】that/who 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：数字时代也使我们能够找到与我们有共同兴趣的人，比如收集汽车模型或演奏一种不寻常的乐器。空处引导定语从句，先行词people，在从句作主语，指人，需用关系代词that/who引导。故填that/who。 23．The hotel we stayed last summer is highly recommended by the local people. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们去年夏天住过的那家旅馆是当地人极力推荐的。空处引导定语从句，先行词是hotel，关系词在从句中作地点状语，使用关系副词where引导，故填where。 24．Do you know the English teacher with Jay talked just now? 【答案】whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你认识刚才和杰伊谈话的那位英语老师吗？空处引导定语从句，先行词the English teacher，指人，在定语从句中作介词with的宾语，需用关系代词whom引导。故填whom。 25．The first thing drew our attention was the music of the movie. 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：首先引起我们注意的是电影的音乐。空格处引导定语从句对先行词thing进行限定说明，从句中缺少主语，且先行词前有序数词first修饰，所以，此处只能用关系代词that在从句中作主语。故填that。 26．Don’t stand close to the house roof is under repair. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：不要离正在维修的房子的屋顶太近。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词the house，关系词在从句中作定语修饰空后的名词roof，所以使用关系代词whose引导该从句。故填whose。 27．I really didn’t know anything happened to Jim yesterday. 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我真的不知道吉姆昨天发生了什么事。该空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是不定代词anything，关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that引导。故填that。 28．One of the most spectacular man-made projects attract millions of people every year in South America is the Panama Canal. 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：巴拿马运河是南美洲最壮观的人造工程之一，每年吸引数百万人。本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是projects，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，且先行词有最高级修饰，应用关系代词that引导。故填that。 29．Those saw Han Gan’s horse paintings all sang high praises for his unique skill. 【答案】who 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：看过韩干的骏马图的人都对他独特的技艺赞不绝口。本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是Those，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。 30．As a businesswoman, I care deeply about my customers. But like anyone for you feel affection (喜爱), customers can also drive you mad. 【答案】whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：作为一名女商人，我非常关心我的客户。但就像你喜欢的任何人一样，顾客也会让你发疯。for ________ you feel affection为“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，修饰anyone (指人)，故空处填whom。故填填whom。 三、完成句子 31．The girl whose hair is long is dancing on the stage. (把定语从句改写成简单句) 【答案】The girl has long hair. The girl is dancing on the stage. 【详解】考查句型转换。句意：长头发的那个女孩儿正在舞台上跳舞。原句中“The girl whose hair is long”为带有定语从句的复合句，定语从句“whose hair is long”修饰先行词The girl，改写时需将复合句拆分为两个简单句，保留先行词The girl作为两个简单句的主语，分别表达“女孩有长发”和“女孩在舞台上跳舞”的意思。故填The girl has long hair. The girl is dancing on the stage. 32．The bike which I bought last week was stolen. (把定语从句改写成简单句) 【答案】I bought the bike last week. The bike was stolen. 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我上周买的自行车被偷了。分析句子可知，句子为限制性定语从句，原句中“which I bought last week”修饰先行词“the bike”，拆分成两个简单句，前一句保留从句内容说明自行车的购买时间“I bought the bike last week.”，后一句说明自行车被盗的情况“The bike was stolen.”。故填I bought the bike last week. The bike was stolen.。 33．The factory is far from here. My father works in the factory. (合并为含有定语从句的复合句) 【答案】The factory where my father works is far from here. 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这家工厂离这里很远。我父亲在这家工厂工作。原句为两个简单句，合并时需用关系词引导定语从句修饰先行词，即两个句子的共有名词“the factory”，先行词指地点，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，所以使用关系副词where引导定语从句，置于先行词the factory之后，where代替原句中的“in the factory”，合并后将原句中的in the factory去掉。故填The factory where my father works is far from here. 34．The car is very expensive. My uncle bought the car last week. (合并为含有定语从句的复合句) 【答案】The car which my uncle bought last week is very expensive./The car that my uncle bought last week is very expensive. 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我叔叔上周买的那辆车非常贵。原句为两个简单句，合并时需用关系代词引导定语从句修饰两个句子中共有的名词，即先行词the car，位于句首单词首字母需大写；第一句为主句，第二句改为定语从句，先行词the car指物，且在从句中作bought的宾语，可用关系代词which/that引导，指代先行词the car，所以将第二句中的the car删除，定语从句为“my uncle bought last week”，置于先行词the car之后。故填The car which/that my uncle bought last week is very expensive. 35．Do you know the boy? The boy's mother is a doctor. (合并为含有定语从句的复合句) 【答案】Do you know the boy whose mother is a doctor? 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你认识这个男孩吗？他的母亲是一名医生。原句中两个简单句有共同的 the boy，第二个句子中 the boy's 表示所属关系 。在合并时，以the boy为先行词，用关系代词whose 引导定语从句，whose在从句中作定语修饰mother ，即whose mother is a doctor，再将其置于the boy之后，其余部分照抄，故答案为 Do you know the boy whose mother is a doctor? 36．The city is very beautiful. I visited the city last year. (合并为含有定语从句的复合句) 【答案】The city which I visited last year is very beautiful./The city that I visited last year is very beautiful. 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我去年访问的那座城市非常美丽。原句为两个简单句，合并时需用关系代词引导定语从句修饰两个句子中共有的名词，即先行词the city，主句为第一句保持不变，先行词指物且在从句中作visited的宾语，可用“which/that”引导，将第二句中的the city去掉，定语从句为“I visited last year”，修饰“the city”，并置于先行词后。故填The city which/that I visited last year is very beautiful.。 37．I will never forget those days.I was brought up in the countryside then.(用定语从句合并) 【答案】I will never forget those days, when I was brought up in the countryside. I will never forget those days, on which I was brought up in the countryside. 【详解】考查定语从句，句意：我永远不会忘记那些日子。那时我在乡下长大。先行词为those days，在定语从句作时间状语，关系副词为when或者on which。第二个句子中的then去掉，故填I will never forget those days, when I was brought up in the countryside./ I will never forget those days, on which I was brought up in the countryside. 38．We visited the factory . 我们参观了他父亲工作的工厂。 【答案】where his father works 【详解】考查定语从句。根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“他父亲工作的”应用where引导的定语从句表述，where为关系副词在从句中作地点状语，修饰先行词the factory；这里时态用一般现在时表示客观情况；“他父亲”为his father，“工作”用动词work，主语为第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式works，即定语从句为where his father works。故填where his father works。 39．Please pass me the book . 请递给我那本绿皮的书。 【答案】whose cover is green 【详解】考查定语从句。英汉意思对比可知，空处应引导限制性定语从句“书的封皮是绿色的”，修饰先行词book，且关系词在从句中作定语，应用whose引导该从句，修饰名词“封皮”cover，描述现在的一般情况，从句应用一般现在时，单数名词cover作主语，从句中系动词“是”用is，表语“绿色的”用green。故填whose cover is green。 40．Art is a window. We can explore the artist’s soul and imagination through it. (用定语从句改写) Art is a window we can explore the artist’s soul and imagination. 【答案】 through which 【详解】考查句型转换。句意：艺术是一扇窗户。我们可以通过它来探索艺术家的灵魂和想象力。根据要求可知，这里可改成“介词+关系代词”构成的限制性定语从句，先行词为a window，为物，作介词through (穿过)后面宾语，所以应用关系代词which。故填through which。 题型一 语法填空 （24-25高一上·贵州毕节·期末）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Dujiangyan is the 1 (old) man-made water system in the world, and a wonder in Chinese science. 2   (build) over 2,200 years ago in what is now Sichuan Province in Southwest China, this amazing engineering 3 (achieve) is still used today. In ancient times, the region in which Dujiangyan now stands 4 (suffer) from regular floods caused by overflow from the Minjiang River. 5 (help) the victims (受害者) of the flooding, Li Bing, the region governor, together with his son, decided to find 6 solution. Li designed a series of channels (水渠) at different levels along mountains, which would take away the floodwater while leaving the river flowing naturally. Better still, the extra water could be directed to the dry Chengdu Plain, making 7 suitable for farming. Once the system was finished, no more floods occurred and the people were able to live 8 (peaceful). Today, Dujiangyan is admired by scientists around the world because unlike modern dams 9 the water is blocked by a huge wall, Dujiangyan still lets water flow through the Minjiang River naturally, 10 (enable) the nature and humans to exist in harmony. 【答案】 1．oldest 2．Built 3．achievement 4．suffered 5．To help 6．a 7．it 8．peacefully 9．where 10．enabling 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国古代水利工程都江堰的历史及其所起的作用。 1．考查形容词的最高级。句意：都江堰是世界上最古老的人工水系，也是中国科学的奇迹。根据空前的the和后面的in the world可知，空处应填形容词的最高级oldest。故填oldest。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：这座建筑建于2200多年前，位于中国西南部的四川省，令人惊叹的工程成就至今仍在使用。此处在句中作状语，动词build与其逻辑主语是动宾关系，故空处要用过去分词。故填Built。 3．考查名词。句意：同上。 空处在句中作主语，所以要用achieve的名词形式， this表明用单数，故填achievement。 4．考查动词的时态。句意：在古代，都江堰所在的地区经常遭受岷江泛滥造成的洪水。空处在主句中作谓语，根据本句的时间状语In ancient times可知，要用一般过去时，故填suffered。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了帮助洪水灾民，该地区的省长李冰和他的儿子决定找到一个解决办法。此处在句中作目的状语，应用不定式，句首单词首字母大写，故填To help。 6．考查冠词。句意：同上。solution作“解决办法”讲时是可数名词，前面没有限定词，且此处表示泛指，solution的发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。 7．考查代词。句意：更好的是，多余的水可以被引导到干燥的成都平原，使其适合农业。空处替代前面提到的Chengdu Plain，应用代词 it。故填it。 8．考查副词。句意：一旦系统完成，洪水不再发生，人们能够和平地生活。空处在句中修饰动词live，应用peaceful的副词形式。故填peacefully。 9．考查定语从句。句意：今天，都江堰受到世界各地科学家的钦佩，因为它不像现代水坝那样被巨大的墙挡住水，而是让水自然地流经岷江，使自然与人类和谐相处。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词modern dams，关系词在句中作地点状语，因此用关系副词where。故填where。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。空处应用非谓语形式作状语，enable与句子的主语Dujiangyan之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故应用现在分词，在这里表示自然而然的结果。 故填enabling。 （23-24高一下·全国·随堂练习）课文填空 In the course of economic development, there comes a time 1 the old must give way to the new. 2 (keep) balance between progress and the protection of cultural sites can be a great challenge. In the 1950s, the Egyptian government wanted 3 (build) a dam. However, the project led 4 protests, because the water from the dam would likely damage a number of cultural relics. So the government turned to the UN for help. A committee 5 (establish) to deal with the challenge and the experts investigated the issue, conducted tests and made a 6 (propose) to save the cultural relics. 7 (final), the work began in1960. The temples and other cultural sites were taken down piece by piece and then moved and put back together again in a new place. Over the next 20 years, 8 (thousand) of engineers and workers rescued countless cultural relics. In 1980, the project ended, 9 was considered a great success. It shows that if a problem seems too difficult for a single nation, the global community can sometimes provide a 10 (solve). 【答案】 1．when 2．Keeping 3．to build 4．to 5．was established 6．proposal 7．Finally 8．thousands 9．which 10．solution 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，20世纪50年代，埃及政府计划建坝，却遭抗议，因担忧文物受损。联合国介入，成立委员会调查并提出解决方案，成功保护了文化遗产。 1．考查定语从句。句意：经济发展过程中，新旧更替是必然的，而在此过程中保持文化遗址的保护与进步的平衡是一项挑战。此处用when引导定语从句修饰time，同时when在从句中作时间状语，表示“在……时候”。故答案是when。 2．考查动名词作主语。句意：在经济发展的同时，保护文化遗产与推动进步之间的平衡很难维持。句意强调在进步与文化遗产保护之间保持平衡的挑战性。动词作主语需要使用to do或doing的形式，其中to do表示具体的行为，doing表示普遍的行为，本句描述的是一种普遍行为。还要注意首字母大写，故答案是Keeping。 3．考查动词。句意：在20世纪50年代，埃及政府想要建设一座大坝。不定式to build作want的宾语，构成want to do的用法，故答案是to build。 4．考查动词短语。句意：但是该项目引起了抗议，因为大坝的水可能会损坏许多文物。引起了的固定用法是lead to，故答案是to。 5．考查被动语态。句意：一个委员会被成立来应对这一挑战，专家们调查了这个问题，进行了测试，并提出了一个提议来保存这些文物。这里使用被动语态was established，说明委员会是被成立的，根据上下文可知，句子应该使用一般过去时，故答案是was established。 6．考查名词。句意：一个委员会被成立来应对这一挑战，专家们调查了这个问题，进行了测试，并提出了一个提议来保存这些文物。根据横线前的a判断，横线处应该填名词，propose是动词，意思是建议，其名词是proposal，故答案是proposal。 7．考查副词。句意：最终，这项工作在1960年开始。副词finally作为时间状语，修饰整个句子，同时注意首字母大写，故答案是Finally。 8．考查固定用法。句意：在接下来的20年里，数千名工程师和工人拯救了无数的文物。thousands of是固定用法，强调数量的众多，故答案是thousands。 9．考查关系代词引导非限制性定语从句。句意：该项目在1980年结束，并且被认为非常成功。分析句子可知，本句是个关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是横线前的句子，在从句中充当主语，故答案是which。 10．考查名词。句意：这表明，如果一个问题对于一个国家来说太困难，全球社区有时可以提供解决的办法。横线前有a，可知横线处应该填名词，solve是动词，意思是解决，其名词是solution（解决方案），故答案是solution。 题型二 阅读理解 （2025高一下·全国·专题练习）An old wooden stove (厨灶), bearing rich vivid images, took center stage in Haiyan county, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, in early February. The images feature historical figures, fairy tales, animals and flowers, all of which are pictured in bright colors. “They all represent people’s respect to heroes and wishes for good fortune,” says Zhao Shengbo, who created the zaotou (a kitchen stove) artwork. The special art form in Jiaxing was listed as a national cultural heritage in 2011. It was once common for farmhouses, especially those along the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, to have a zaotou with auspicious figures or patterns. Locals burned firewood in it to cook, before gas burners or microwave ovens were available. Historical evidence shows the art has a history of at least 300 years. Most of those engaged in zaotou painting were bricklayers in rural areas where they were often hired by villagers to build a stove in their new home on a good day and paint pictures on the stove. Tools used to produce such art included brushes, rulers, and paint. Folk craftsmen later also came to express life’s passions through zaotou paintings. They first whitewashed the mud-made stove with limewater (石灰水), drew the patterns based on the shape of the stove, before applying the final coat of paint. Later, watercolors were applied, mostly red, yellow and blue. “But no matter what material is used, the stove painting is always symbolic and contains good wishes for the owners,” Zhao says. Although some villages have recently improved the traditional zaotou into an electricity-powered stove for environmental protection, as local authorities have given more support to preserve cultural heritage, zaotou painting has grown with new power. “Now that zaotou paintings have been receiving more support from various sides, I’ll make my effort to create more works and reach out to those who show interest,” Zhao says. 1．What can we know about Zhao Shengbo from the text? A．He loved telling fairy tales. B．He was interested in making stoves. C．He was the creator of zaotou artwork. D．He got inspiration of paintings from animals. 2．What does the underlined word “auspicious” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Strange. B．Fortunate. C．Humorous. D．Mysterious. 3．What is the fourth paragraph mainly about? A．The meaning of zaotou paintings. B．Materials of creating zaotou paintings. C．The development of zaotou paintings. D．Processes of making zaotou paintings. 4．What can we infer about the future of zaotou painting? A．It will get more attention. B．It will be widely applied. C．It will be commercialized. D．It will attract more folk craftsmen. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了灶头画这种传统艺术品的悠久历史，以及绘画流程和所表达的美好意义。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段““They all represent people’s respect to heroes and wishes for good fortune,” says Zhao Shengbo, who created the zaotou (a kitchen stove) artwork.(‘它们都代表着人们对英雄的尊敬和对好运的祝愿，’灶头艺术品的创作者赵生波说道。)”可知，赵生波是灶头艺术品的创作者。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“The images feature historical figures, fairy tales, animals and flowers, all of which are pictured in bright colors. “They all represent people’s respect to heroes and wishes for good fortune,” says Zhao Shengbo, who created the zaotou (a kitchen stove) artwork.(这些图案以历史人物、童话故事、动物和花朵为特色，所有的图案都用鲜艳的颜色描绘。它们都代表着人们对英雄的尊敬和对好运的祝愿，’灶头艺术品的创作者赵生波说道。)”以及划线词下文“figures or patterns(人物或图案的灶头)”可知，这些灶头带有吉祥的人物或图案。由此可知，划线词auspicious意为“吉祥的，好运的”，与Fortunate意思相近。故选B。 3．主旨大意题。根据第四段“Folk craftsmen later also came to express life’s passions through zaotou paintings. They first whitewashed the mud- made stove with limewater (石灰水), drew the patterns based on the shape of the stove, before applying the final coat of paint. Later, watercolors were applied, mostly red, yellow and blue. “But no matter what material is used, the stove painting is always symbolic and contains good wishes for the owners,” Zhao says.(后来，民间工匠也开始通过灶头画来表达对生活的热情。他们先用石灰水把泥做的炉灶刷白，然后根据‘但无论使用什么材料，灶头画总是具有象征意义，并蕴含着对炉灶主人的美好祝愿，’赵先生说。)”可知，第四段主要讲的是制作灶头画的过程。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Although some villages have recently improved the traditional zaotou into an electricity-powered stove for environmental protection, as local authorities have given more support to preserve cultural heritage, zaotou painting has grown with new power. “Now that zaotou paintings have been receiving more support from various sides, I’ll make my effort to create more works and reach out to those who show interest,” Zhao says.(虽然最近一些村庄为了环保将传统的灶头改造成电灶，但随着地方政府对文化遗产保护的支持力度加大，灶头画也焕发出新的活力。赵说：‘现在灶头画得到了各方的更多支持，我将努力创作更多的作品，并向那些感兴趣的人伸出援手。’)”可知，灶头画焕发出新的活力，也得到了各方的更多支持。由此可推知，在未来，灶头画这种传统艺术品会得到更广泛的关注。故选A。 （24-25高一下·湖北荆州·阶段练习）When living or travelling internationally, we notice the differences between cultures before seeing the similarities. At first, some differences are easy to spot. Over time, however, there are some curious similarities between how people in the UK and China communicate. Indeed, international residents in both countries often complain about having to read what local people really mean, because it often differs from what is said. In the UK, outsiders often get confused when they realise that a person making rude comments was actually showing love. In situations like this, context is everything. Likewise, in China, outsiders must infer most meaning from context and from what is not said, rather than from what is. Otherwise, misunderstandings happen. The UK and China contexts share further cultural features, which greatly influence how people communicate, including the cultural trait (特点) of non-conflict. The British will do everything to avoid conflict. They will probably tell the waiter it was lovely even when served with poor quality food. This cultural trait can cause major misunderstandings. For example, a British business partner who is deeply unhappy with your proposal will probably say “there are just a couple of small concerns,” rather than telling you that the entire proposal is unsatisfactory. Chinese communication shows a very similar conflict prevention. Often challenges, errors, mistakes, or problems remain completely taboos (禁忌) as topics of discussion, even though everyone knows of their existence. Instead, people talk about working towards further goals or objectives, rather than directly admit that the current situation is far from satisfactory. Likewise, Chinese people like to keep a sense of harmony within all environments, and so avoid open criticism of each other. This is very similar to the way that a British person might tell you a colleague “is very confident” rather than that they are rude. In this sense, the British and Chinese can appreciate each other for harmony. 1．What does the author suggest in Paragraph 2? A．Polite comments are encouraged. B．Learning what is not said is difficult. C．Context is important in communication. D．Misunderstandings often happen among outsiders. 2．What will the British and the Chinese probably both agree with? A．Talking over taboos in discussions. B．Preventing misunderstandings in work. C．Avoiding discussing one’s mistakes in public. D．Making use of cultural traits in communication. 3．How does the author develop this passage? A．By using figures. B．By making comparison. C．By listing reasons. D．By making classifications. 4．Which of the following is the most suitable title for the passage? A．Cultural Differences Between the UK and China B．Avoiding Conflict: British Communication Styles C．The Importance of Context in Chinese Communication D．Shared Cultural Characters in Communication: UK and China 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了英国和中国在跨文化交流中的一些共同特点，特别是双方都倾向于避免直接冲突的沟通方式，并探讨了这些相似性如何影响人们的交流习惯。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In situations like this, context is everything. (在这种情况下，语境决定一切)”以及介绍的在中国和英国的外来者来说语境的重要性可知，在交流中语境是非常重要的。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Chinese communication shows a very similar conflict prevention. Often challenges, errors, mistakes, or problems remain completely taboos (禁忌) as topics of discussion, even though everyone knows of their existence.(中国的沟通方式也显示出类似的避免冲突的特点。通常，挑战、错误、失误或问题作为讨论的话题是完全禁忌的，即便每个人都知道它们的存在)”可知，英国人和中国人可能都会同意避免在公共场合讨论某人的错误。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据首段中的“When living or travelling internationally, we notice the differences between cultures before seeing the similarities. At first, some differences are easy to spot. Over time, however, there are some curious similarities between how people in the UK and China communicate.(当生活在国外或进行国际旅行时，我们往往更容易注意到不同文化间的差异而非相似之处。起初，一些差异是很容易被发现的。然而，随着时间的推移，在英国和中国人们之间的交流方式上，存在一些有趣的相似之处)”以及下文中介绍的在中国和在英国的沟通方式可知，全文通过对比英国和中国的沟通方式来探讨两者之间的相似性和差异性，特别是在如何避免冲突方面。由此可知，作者主要是通过比较来进行论述的。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据首段中的“When living or travelling internationally, we notice the differences between cultures before seeing the similarities. At first, some differences are easy to spot. Over time, however, there are some curious similarities between how people in the UK and China communicate.(当生活在国外或进行国际旅行时，我们往往更容易注意到不同文化间的差异而非相似之处。起初，一些差异是很容易被发现的。然而，随着时间的推移，在英国和中国人们之间的交流方式上，存在一些有趣的相似之处)”以及下文中介绍的在中国和在英国的沟通方式可知，文章主要讨论了英国与中国在沟通风格上的共同特点，尤其是关于如何避免冲突的文化特征，并且强调了这些相似性，由此可知，题目“沟通中的共享文化特征：英国和中国”可以概括文章的主题。故选D。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$