内容正文:
Unit 4 Hands-on fun 语法篇(祈使句&用 should和 had better提建议)
语法篇
(满分50分,答题时间45分钟)
一、单项选择(每题1分,满分30分)
1. Let’s ________ the Da Li this Sunday.
A. go B. to go C. going D. go to
2. —John, ________ up now or we’ll be late for the bus.
—All right. I’ll be quick.
A. gets B. get C. to get D. getting
3. Jacky, please hurry up, ________ you’ll be late for the first train.
A. and B. but C. or D. so
4. Your teachers are all friendly and helpful. ________ afraid of ________ close to them.
A. Don’t, be B. Not be, being C. Don’t be, being D. Be not, be
5. — My goal is to go to the Tiangong Space Station as an astronaut.
—Work hard, ________ you will make it.
A. and B. so C. if D. unless
6. ________ the animals food. It’s not good for them.
A. Not feed B. Don’t feed C. Feeding D. Feed
7. —Attention, please! ________ inside because of the heavy rain.
—We will, Mr Li.
A. To stay B. Stay C. Staying D. Stays
8. It’s time for us ________ hiking. Let’s ________ to the forest.
A. to go, go B. to go, to go C. go, go D. going, go
9. —Sandy, ________ photos in the museum. You’ll hurt the paintings!
—I’m sorry. I won’t do it again.
A. not take B. don’t take C. doesn’t take D. not to take
10. ________ on the grass. The sign says “keep off”.
A. Not walk B. Don’t walk C. Doesn’t walk D. Not walking
11. Mary, ________! You will be late for class!
A. be quickly B. is quickly C. be quick D. is quick
12. — ________ out of the window. Please listen to the teacher.
— ________
A. Doesn’t look, Good idea! B. Don’t look, Sorry, I won’t.
C. Don’t look, OK! D. Not look, No way!
13. Boys and girls, ________ noisy in the museum. Here we are in front of the bronze animal heads.
A. aren’t B. don’t C. don’t be D. won’t be
14. Life is like a journey. ________ ahead, and you will see a lot more beautiful scenery(风景).
A. Plan B. To plan C. Planning D. Plans
15. Try to relax before the test. ________ to some music or go for an early morning walk.
A. Listen B. Listening C. To listen D. To listsening
16. No ________ loudly in the museum! Please be quiet.
A. talk B. talking C. talks D. talked
17. I like Mr. Li best because he often says “Never ________, ________ you’ll do better.”
A. give up, but B. giving up, so C. to give up, and D. give up, and
18. ________ go to the park this weekend, ________?
A. Let’s, will you B. Let us, shall we C. Let’s, shall we D. Let us, do you
19.________ borrow your dictionary for a minute, ________?
A. Let’s, will you B. Let us, shall we C. Let’s, shall we D. Let us, will you
20. —________ angry, Mum. I promise I will never be late for school again.
—OK. You ________ use an alarm clock to wake you up in the morning.
A. Don’t be, had better B. Not be, would rather
C. Be not, would like D. Don’t be, mustn’t
21.—Should I tell my parents that I will come back home late?
—________. Or they will be worried.
A. Yes, you will B. Yes, you should C. No, I don’t D. No, you shouldn’t
22. —I’ve got a toothache, Mom.
—Oh, you ________ eat too much candy.
A. shouldn’t B. needn’t C. should D. need
23. — I really like this video game, mum. Why must I stop playing it?
— For your health, my dear. You ________ go out to take in fresh air and relax your eyes.
A. could B. couldn’t C. should D. shouldn’t
24. —I argued with my best friend yesterday.
—You ________ talk to him and say sorry.
A. shouldn’t B. might C. should D. needn’t
25. If you have a stomachache, you ________ eat too much.
A. should B. shouldn’t C. need D. needn’t
26. You ________ loudly in the library, or you will bother other readers.
A. ought not speak B. ought not to speak C. not ought to speak D. ought not speaking
27. —What ________ we do in the corridor?
—You ________ be quiet.
A. should, ought B. ought, ought C. should, should D. should to, ought to
28. —We are free this evening. Shall we go out for a walk?
—It’s foggy. We’d better ________. Why ________ a film at home?
A. not walk, not watch B. not to walk, not to watch
C. not to walk, not watch D. not walk, not to watch
29. Life is like a river. Don’t spend so much time looking back on the past, because you ________ work for the future.
A. would B. had better C. could D. may
30. You ________ her if she ________ you to do so.
A. had better not to call, doesn’t allow B. had better not call, won’t allow
C. had better not to call, can’t allow D. had better not call, doesn’t allow
二、按照要求完成下列句子(每题2分,满分20分)
1. You mustn’t run in the hallway.
________ ________ in the hallway.
2. You can’t eat in class. You can’t drink in class.
________ eat________ drink in class.
3. Will you please put on your jacket?
________ ________ your jacket, please.
4. If you spend too much time on computer games, you will fall behind soon.
________ spend too much time on computer games, ________ you will fall behind soon.
5. If you study hard, you’ll make great progress in English.
________ hard, ________ you’ll make great progress in English.
6. You had better come on Saturday. (改为否定句)
You ________ ________ ________ come on Saturday.
7. It’s best for you to leave at once. (同义句转换)
You ________ ________ leave at once.
8. You must be careful when you are using this knife.(改为祈使句的强调句)
________ ________ ________ when you are using this knife
9. You should drink something. (改为否定句)
You ________ drink________.
10. You should see the dentist if you have a toothache. (对划线部分提问)
________ ________ you ________ if you have a toothache?
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Unit 4 Hands-on fun 语法篇祈使句与用should&had better提建议
语法篇
祈使句
关于“祈使句”语法内容,教材如是说:
当我们向他人发出命令、提出要求或建议时,常使用祈使句。如:
Be quiet, please!请保持安静!
Don’t be late again!不要再迟到了!
注意:祈使句的主语通常不明确表示出来。
◆祈使句的肯定形式以动词原形开头,其否定形式通常是在动词原形前加 do not/don’t。
◆为了显得更为客气和礼貌,我们常在祈使句中加上please。当please用在句末时,常用逗号与其余部分隔开。如:
Please pass me the ball.请把球传给我。
Open the window, please.请把窗户打开。
◆句型“Let’s ... ”表示说话人向对方提出建议。如:
Let’s visit Nanjing Museum first! 让我们先参观南京博物院吧!
一、句型分类通识
英语中对通用句型从两个维度进行了分类:一是按照用途分类;二是按照结构分类(简单句、并列句和复合句)。本单元的祈使句是按照用途来分类的。
按照用途分,英语分成四大句型,分别是:
◆陈述句:用来陈述事实、观点或说明情况。又分为:肯定句(表示肯定意义)和否定句(表示否定意义,通常借助not, never, neither, no, hardly等否定词);
◆疑问句:用来提出问题,句末用问号“?”。根据提问方式不同,可细分为:一般疑问句(询问事实是否属实,通常用yes或no回答,需将助动词、情态动词或把连系动词 be动词提到句首);特殊疑问句(针对句子中的具体信息<如时间、地点、原因等>提问,由“特殊疑问词<what/who/where/when/why/how等>+一般疑问句”构成)。选择疑问句(提供两个或多个选项,让对方选择其一,用“or”连接选项,不能用yes/no回答)(以上三种疑问句,请参看七年级上Unit 6 语法:疑问句);反意疑问句(用于确认事实或征求对方意见,前肯后否,前否后肯;由“陈述句+简短疑问句”构成)。
◆祈使句:发出命令、提出要求或建议(乃至警告),主语通常是第二人称you(常省略);又分为:肯定祈使句和否定祈使句;
◆感叹句:用来表达强烈的情感(如喜悦、惊讶、愤怒等,句末用感叹号“!”)。(参看七年级下Unit 6 语
法:what/how引导的感叹句)
二、用法详解
情形
句型
例句
肯定句
Be+表语(名词或形容词)+其他成分
(统称为Be型祈使句)
Be a brave boy!做一个勇敢的男孩!
Be quiet, please.请安静。
①Let me+动词原形+其他成分
②Let’s+动词原形+其他成分
③Let us+动词原形+其他成分(不包括听者)
④Let+宾语+动词原形+其他成分
(统称为Let型祈使句)
①Let me help you.让我来帮你。
②Let’s play games.我们一起玩游戏吧。
③Let us go home, sir.老师,让我们回家吧。(不包括老师,这是向老师提出请求)
④◆Let the meat cook slowly.慢火炖肉。
◆Welcome to my new house, let me
show you around.欢迎来我的新家,我带你四处看看吧。
其它实义动词原形+宾语+其他成分
(有时在意思明确的情况下,动词可省略)(统称为Do型祈使句)
Please pass me the book on the table.
请把桌上的书递给我。
This way, please.=Go this way, please.请这边走。
否定句
Be型和Do型祈使句的否定句:都是在句首加Don’t
Don’t be late for school!上学不要迟到!
Don’t go there, please.请别去那儿。
Let型祈使句④的否定句有两种形式:在句首加Don’t或在动词原形前加not
Don’t let him go.别让他走。
Let him not go.让他别走。
Never+动词原形
No+doing
Never give up!永不放弃!
No smoking here!此处禁止吸烟!
三、知识拓展
情形
句型
例句
与简单句连用
祈使句+or/and+简单句:祈使句可以等同于一个完整的简单句;“or/and+简单句”可以等同于if引导的条件状语从句,or翻译成“否则”
Work hard and you will succeed.
努力工作,你就会成功的。
=If you work hard, you will succeed.
如果你努力工作,你就会成功的。
Hurry up, or we will miss the train.
快点,否则我们会错过火车。
=If we don’t hurry up, we will miss the train.
如果我们不快点,我们会错过火车。
祈使句的强调句
“Do+动词原形(包括连系动词be)”用于肯定句,表达 “务必/一定/千万要”的强烈语气
Do sit down.务必请坐。
Do be careful when you cross the street.
过马路时,务必(千万)要小心啊!
友情提醒:七年级下Unit 5 Animal friends 句型篇-2. do/does/did强调谓语动词
【原句呈现】She can’t talk, but does care.(P58)它不会说话,但确实很关心我。
祈使句的
反意疑问句
肯定祈使句:其反意疑问句通常用will you或won’t you。
一般来说,以“Please +动词原形”开头的祈使句,附加疑问部分用will you;其他肯定祈使句,附加疑问部分用will you或won’t you均可。
Please open the door, will you?
请把门打开,好吗?
Please pass me the pen on the table, will you?
请把桌子上的那支钢笔递给我,好吗?
Come here, will you /won’t you?
过来,好吗?
Have a cup of tea, won’t you/will you?
喝杯茶吧,好吗?
Let’s ..., shall we?
Let us ..., will you?
Let’s go for a walk, shall we?
我们去散步吧,好吗?
Let us leave now, will you?
让我们现在走,好吗?(此处“我们”不包括听话者,请求对方同意)
否定祈使句:其反意疑问句通常用will you。
Don’t smoke here, will you?
别在这儿抽烟,好吗?
Don’t forget to call me, will you?
别忘了给我打电话,好吗?
特别提醒:当祈使句前面有呼语时,千万要注意:切忌把呼语看成是句子的主语。
Jim, ________ eat in the classroom!
A. not B. don’t C. doesn’t D. no
【答案】B
【解析】句意:吉姆,不要在教室里吃东西!Jim是呼语(即听话者),不是句子的主语,不要误选C。not不;don’t不;doesn’t不;no没有。此处是祈使句否定结构,结构应为“Don’t +动词原形”,故选B。
用should和had better提建议
关于“用should和had better提建议”语法内容,教材如是说:
当我们给他人提建议时,可以用should或had better,表示“应该”或“最好”做某事,had better语气比 should强一些。如:
You had better water the flowers as soon as possible.你最好尽快给花浇水。
All of us should take part in this activity.我们每个人都应该参加这项活动。注意:should和had better都接动词原形,而且均没有人称和数的变化。
◆ had better中的had常缩略为’d。如:
We’d better leave before it rains.我们最好在下雨前离开。
◆ should和had better的否定形式是:should not/shouldn’t和had better not。如:
He shouldn’t be late for school again.他不该再上学迟到了。
You had better not play the piano now.现在你最好别弹钢琴。
一、知识详解
英语
用法注意点
例句
should
没有人称和数的变化
You should read more books to improve
your writing.你应该多读点书来提高写作能力。
He should finish his homework before playing games.他应该在玩游戏前完成作业。
否定句
should not(缩写为 shouldn’t)
You shouldn’t waste time.你不应该浪费时间。
You shouldn’t talk loudly in the library.
你不应该在图书馆大声说话。
疑问句
Should+主语+动词原形?
(最常用于向对方征求建议或意见,还有询问做某事是否合理/应该做)
I have a headache. Should I see a doctor?
我头疼,应该去看医生吗?
Should he apologize for his mistake?
他应该为自己的错误道歉吗?
否定疑问句
Should+主语+not+动词原形 语气更强烈,带有“建议对方
要做某事” 的暗示。
Shouldn’t you finish your homework first?
难道你不应该先完成作业吗?(隐含:你应该先做作业)
had better
没有时态、人称和数的变化,任何情况下都用had。
The exam is tomorrow. You’d better review your notes tonight.明天考试,你最好今晚复习笔记。
It’s very cold today. He’d better wear a warm coat.今天很冷,他最好穿件厚外套。
Their team lost the last game. They’d better
practice more.他们队上一场输了,最好多练习。
否定句是在had better后面加上not,而不是加在had后面。
You had better not say it again.
你最好不要再提那件事了。
二、should用法拓展
英语
用法注意点
例句
ought to
在用法上与should相同,可以互相转换。但ought to反映的是客观情况或法律义务和规定,更强调有义务或必要做某事。
Students ought to respect their teachers and
classmates.学生应该尊重老师和同学。
Everyone ought to follow the traffic rules.
每个人都应该遵守交通规则。
You ought not to jump the queue!
你不应该插队!
以下知识仅供参考,不作考试要求
should+have
+过去分词
本应该做某事(但没做)
I should have listened to my mom’s advice.
我本应该听妈妈的建议。(实际情况:我没听,结果犯错了。表达“后悔”或“自责”)
They should have cleaned the classroom.
他们本应该打扫教室。(实际情况:他们没打扫,教室很脏。表达“责备”或“批评”)
shouldn’t+have
+过去分词
本不该做某事(但做了)
She shouldn’t have stayed up late last night.
她昨晚本不该熬夜。(实际情况:她熬夜了,今天很疲惫。表达“责备”)
He shouldn’t have lied to his parents.
他本不该对父母撒谎。(实际情况:他撒谎了,父母很生气。表达“批评”)
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Unit 4 Hands-on fun 语法篇祈使句与用should&had better提建议
语法篇
祈使句
关于“祈使句”语法内容,教材如是说:
当我们向他人发出命令、提出要求或建议时,常使用祈使句。如:
Be quiet, please!请保持安静!
Don’t be late again!不要再迟到了!
注意:祈使句的主语通常不明确表示出来。
◆祈使句的肯定形式以动词原形开头,其否定形式通常是在动词原形前加 do not/don’t。
◆为了显得更为客气和礼貌,我们常在祈使句中加上please。当please用在句末时,常用逗号与其余部分隔开。如:
Please pass me the ball.请把球传给我。
Open the window, please.请把窗户打开。
◆句型“Let’s ... ”表示说话人向对方提出建议。如:
Let’s visit Nanjing Museum first! 让我们先参观南京博物院吧!
一、句型分类通识
英语中对通用句型从两个维度进行了分类:一是按照用途分类;二是按照结构分类(简单句、并列句和复合句)。本单元的祈使句是按照用途来分类的。
按照用途分,英语分成四大句型,分别是:
◆陈述句:用来陈述事实、观点或说明情况。又分为:肯定句(表示肯定意义)和否定句(表示否定意义,通常借助not, never, neither, no, hardly等否定词);
◆疑问句:用来提出问题,句末用问号“?”。根据提问方式不同,可细分为:一般疑问句(询问事实是否属实,通常用yes或no回答,需将助动词、情态动词或把连系动词 be动词提到句首);特殊疑问句(针对句子中的具体信息<如时间、地点、原因等>提问,由“特殊疑问词<what/who/where/when/why/how等>+一般疑问句”构成)。选择疑问句(提供两个或多个选项,让对方选择其一,用“or”连接选项,不能用yes/no回答)(以上三种疑问句,请参看七年级上Unit 6 语法:疑问句);反意疑问句(用于确认事实或征求对方意见,前肯后否,前否后肯;由“陈述句+简短疑问句”构成)。
◆祈使句:发出命令、提出要求或建议(乃至警告),主语通常是第二人称you(常省略);又分为:肯定祈使句和否定祈使句;
◆感叹句:用来表达强烈的情感(如喜悦、惊讶、愤怒等,句末用感叹号“!”)。(参看七年级下Unit 6 语
法:what/how引导的感叹句)
二、用法详解
情形
句型
例句
肯定句
Be+表语(名词或形容词)+其他成分
(统称为Be型祈使句)
___________ boy!做一个勇敢的男孩!
_________, please.请安静。
①Let me+动词原形+其他成分
②Let’s+动词原形+其他成分
③Let us+动词原形+其他成分(不包括听者)
④Let+宾语+动词原形+其他成分
(统称为Let型祈使句)
①______________.让我来帮你。
②______________.我们一起玩游戏吧。
③___________, sir.老师,让我们回家吧。(不包括老师,这是向老师提出请求)
④◆__________ cook slowly.慢火炖肉。
◆Welcome to my new house, _______
show you around.欢迎来我的新家,我带你四处看看吧。
其它实义动词原形+宾语+其他成分
(有时在意思明确的情况下,动词可省略)(统称为Do型祈使句)
________________ the book on the table.
请把桌上的书递给我。
______________________.=Go this way, please.请这边走。
否定句
Be型和Do型祈使句的否定句:都是在句首加Don’t
________ late for school!上学不要迟到!
________ there, please.请别去那儿。
Let型祈使句④的否定句有两种形式:在句首加Don’t或在动词原形前加not
___________ him go.别让他走。
___________ go.让他别走。
Never+动词原形
No+doing
___________!永不放弃!
___________ here!此处禁止吸烟!
三、知识拓展
情形
句型
例句
与简单句连用
祈使句+or/and+简单句:祈使句可以等同于一个完整的简单句;“or/and+简单句”可以等同于if引导的条件状语从句,or翻译成“否则”
Work hard and you will succeed.
努力工作,你就会成功的。
=______________________, you will succeed.
如果你努力工作,你就会成功的。
Hurry up, or we will miss the train.
快点,否则我们会错过火车。
=_________________, we will miss the train.
如果我们不快点,我们会错过火车。
祈使句的强调句
“Do+动词原形(包括连系动词be)”用于肯定句,表达 “务必/一定/千万要”的强烈语气
___________.务必请坐。
___________ when you cross the street.
过马路时,务必(千万)要小心啊!
友情提醒:七年级下Unit 5 Animal friends 句型篇-2. do/does/did强调谓语动词
【原句呈现】She can’t talk, but does care.(P58)它不会说话,但确实很关心我。
祈使句的
反意疑问句
肯定祈使句:其反意疑问句通常用will you或won’t you。
一般来说,以“Please +动词原形”开头的祈使句,附加疑问部分用will you;其他肯定祈使句,附加疑问部分用will you或won’t you均可。
Please open the door, ________?
请把门打开,好吗?
Please pass me the pen on the table, ________?
请把桌子上的那支钢笔递给我,好吗?
Come here, ___________?
过来,好吗?
Have a cup of tea, ___________?
喝杯茶吧,好吗?
Let’s ..., shall we?
Let us ..., will you?
Let’s go for a walk, _______?
我们去散步吧,好吗?
Let us leave now, _______?
让我们现在走,好吗?(此处“我们”不包括听话者,请求对方同意)
否定祈使句:其反意疑问句通常用will you。
Don’t smoke here, _________?
别在这儿抽烟,好吗?
Don’t forget to call me, ________?
别忘了给我打电话,好吗?
特别提醒:当祈使句前面有呼语时,千万要注意:切忌把呼语看成是句子的主语。
Jim, ________ eat in the classroom!
A. not B. don’t C. doesn’t D. no
用should和had better提建议
关于“用should和had better提建议”语法内容,教材如是说:
当我们给他人提建议时,可以用should或had better,表示“应该”或“最好”做某事,had better语气比 should强一些。如:
You had better water the flowers as soon as possible.你最好尽快给花浇水。
All of us should take part in this activity.我们每个人都应该参加这项活动。注意:should和had better都接动词原形,而且均没有人称和数的变化。
◆ had better中的had常缩略为’d。如:
We’d better leave before it rains.我们最好在下雨前离开。
◆ should和had better的否定形式是:should not/shouldn’t和had better not。如:
He shouldn’t be late for school again.他不该再上学迟到了。
You had better not play the piano now.现在你最好别弹钢琴。
一、知识详解
英语
用法注意点
例句
should
没有人称和数的变化
___________ more books to improve
your writing.你应该多读点书来提高写作能力。
___________ his homework before playing games.他应该在玩游戏前完成作业。
否定句
should not(缩写为 shouldn’t)
_________________ time.你不应该浪费时间。
_________________ loudly in the library.
你不应该在图书馆大声说话。
疑问句
Should+主语+动词原形?
(最常用于向对方征求建议或意见,还有询问做某事是否合理/应该做)
I have a headache. __________ a doctor?
我头疼,应该去看医生吗?
___________ for his mistake?
他应该为自己的错误道歉吗?
否定疑问句
Should+主语+not+动词原形 语气更强烈,带有“建议对方
要做某事” 的暗示。
___________ your homework first?
难道你不应该先完成作业吗?(隐含:你应该先做作业)
had better
没有时态、人称和数的变化,任何情况下都用had。
The exam is tomorrow. ___________ review your notes tonight.明天考试,你最好今晚复习笔记。
It’s very cold today. ___________ wear a warm coat.今天很冷,他最好穿件厚外套。
Their team lost the last game. ___________r
practice more.他们队上一场输了,最好多练习。
否定句是在had better后面加上not,而不是加在had后面。
You ___________ say it again.
你最好不要再提那件事了。
二、should用法拓展
英语
用法注意点
例句
ought to
在用法上与should相同,可以互相转换。但ought to反映的是客观情况或法律义务和规定,更强调有义务或必要做某事。
Students ought to respect their teachers and
classmates.学生应该尊重老师和同学。
Everyone ought to follow the traffic rules.
每个人都应该遵守交通规则。
You ought not to jump the queue!
你不应该插队!
should+have
+过去分词
本应该做某事(但没做)
I should have listened to my mom’s advice.
我本应该听妈妈的建议。(实际情况:我没听,结果犯错了。表达“后悔”或“自责”)
They should have cleaned the classroom.
他们本应该打扫教室。(实际情况:他们没打扫,教室很脏。表达“责备”或“批评”)
以下知识仅供参考,不作考试要求
shouldn’t+have
+过去分词
本不该做某事(但做了)
She shouldn’t have stayed up late last night.
她昨晚本不该熬夜。(实际情况:她熬夜了,今天很疲惫。表达“责备”)
He shouldn’t have lied to his parents.
他本不该对父母撒谎。(实际情况:他撒谎了,父母很生气。表达“批评”)
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Unit 4 Hands-on fun 语法篇(祈使句&用 should和 had better提建议)
语法篇
(满分50分,答题时间45分钟)
一、单项选择(每题1分,满分30分)
1. Let’s ________ the Da Li this Sunday.
A. go B. to go C. going D. go to
【答案】D
【解析】句意:这个星期天让我们去大理吧。句中Let’s是Let us的缩写,let是使役动词,let sb. do sth.“让某人做某事”,go to sp.“去某地”,故选D。
2. —John, ________ up now or we’ll be late for the bus.
—All right. I’ll be quick.
A. gets B. get C. to get D. getting
【答案】B
【解析】句意:“John,现在起床,否则我们会赶不上公交车。”“好的。我会很快的。”根据“John, ... up now or we’ll be late for the bus.”可知此处是祈使句,以动词原形开头,故选B。
3. Jacky, please hurry up, ________ you’ll be late for the first train.
A. and B. but C. or D. so
【答案】C
【解析】句意:杰克,请快点,不然你赶不上头班火车了。and并且;but但是;or否则;so因此。根据“please hurry up”可知,此处为“祈使句+ or +陈述句”,表示快点,否则就赶不上火车了,故选C。
4. Your teachers are all friendly and helpful. ________ afraid of ________ close to them.
A. Don’t, be B. Not be, being C. Don’t be, being D. Be not, be
【答案】C
【解析】句意:你的老师都很友好和乐于助人。不要害怕靠近他们。be afraid of“害怕”,祈使句的否定句用Don’t be;be close to“靠近”,of是介词,其后用动名词作宾语,故选C。
5. — My goal is to go to the Tiangong Space Station as an astronaut.
—Work hard, ________ you will make it.
A. and B. so C. if D. unless
【答案】A
【解析】句意:“我的目标是作为一名宇航员去天宫空间站。”“努力工作,你会成功的。”and和;so所以;if如果;unless除非。根据“Work hard,...you can make it.”可知,考查“祈使句+and+陈述句”的句式,故选A。
6. ________ the animals food. It’s not good for them.
A. Not feed B. Don’t feed C. Feeding D. Feed
【答案】B
【解析】句意:不要喂动物食物。这对它们不好。Feed为动词,此处空位于句首,句中“animals”和“food”都为名词,故本句为祈使句,根据“It’s not good for them”可知是不让喂动物食物,要用祈使句的否定形式,Don’t+动词原形,故选B。
7. —Attention, please! ________ inside because of the heavy rain.
—We will, Mr Li.
A. To stay B. Stay C. Staying D. Stays
【答案】B
【解析】句意:“请注意!由于大雨,请待在室内。”“我们会的,李老师。”根据“...inside because of the heavy rain.”可知,此处是劝告对方待在室内,为祈使句,应用动词原形开头,故选B。
8. It’s time for us ________ hiking. Let’s ________ to the forest.
A. to go, go B. to go, to go C. go, go D. going, go
【答案】A
【解析】句意:是我们去远足的时候了。咱们去森林吧。“It’s time for sb. to do sth.”是固定句型,意为“是某人做某事的时候了”,所以第一空用to go;“Let’s +动词原形”是固定用法,表示“咱们做某事吧”,所以第二空用go,故选A。
9. —Sandy, ________ photos in the museum. You’ll hurt the paintings!
—I’m sorry. I won’t do it again.
A. not take B. don’t take C. doesn’t take D. not to take
【答案】B
【解析】句意:“Sandy,不要在博物馆里照相。你会伤到画作。”“抱歉。我不会再那么做了。”根据“... photos in the museum.”可知,否定祈使句需由“don’t+动词原形”,故选B。
10. ________ on the grass. The sign says “keep off”.
A. Not walk B. Don’t walk C. Doesn’t walk D. Not walking
【答案】B
【解析】句意:不要在草地上行走。告示牌上写着“请勿靠近”。根据“The sign says ‘keep off’.”可知,句子需要表示禁止行为的祈使句,祈使句的否定结构为“Don’t+动词原形”,故选B。
11. Mary, ________! You will be late for class!
A. be quickly B. is quickly C. be quick D. is quick
【答案】C
【解析】句意:Mary,快点!你要上课迟到了!quickly快速地,副词;quick快速的,形容词。此句是祈使句的肯定形式,以动词原形开头,be后接形容词quick作表语,故选C。
12. — ________ out of the window. Please listen to the teacher.
— ________
A. Doesn’t look, Good idea! B. Don’t look, Sorry, I won’t.
C. Don’t look, OK! D. Not look, No way!
【答案】B
【解析】句意:“别往窗外看。请听老师讲课。”“对不起,我不会了。”Good idea好主意;Sorry, I won’t对不起,我不会了;OK好的;No way没门。祈使句的否定形式是在动词原形前加“Don’t”,所以第一空用“Don’t look”;第二空,对于别人的提醒或批评,应该表示歉意并承诺改正,因此Sorry, I won’t“对不起,我不会了”最符合语境,故选B。
13. Boys and girls, ________ noisy in the museum. Here we are in front of the bronze animal heads.
A. aren’t B. don’t C. don’t be D. won’t be
【答案】C
【解析】句意:男孩和女孩们,不要在博物馆里吵。我们现在站在青铜兽首前。根据句意可知,本句表达“不要吵闹”,为don’t开头的祈使句,noisy“吵闹的”为形容词性,故前面用be动词,故选C。
14. Life is like a journey. ________ ahead, and you will see a lot more beautiful scenery(风景).
A. Plan B. To plan C. Planning D. Plans
【答案】A
【解析】句意:生活就像一场旅行。提前打算,你会看到更多美丽的风景。本句是祈使句结构,祈使句开头需用动词原形Plan,故选A。
15. Try to relax before the test. ________ to some music or go for an early morning walk.
A. Listen B. Listening C. To listen D. To listsening
【答案】A
【解析】句意:考试之前试着放松。听音乐或者清晨散步。根据“or go for an early morning walk”可知,or连接两个并列句,前后结构应保持一致,or后连接的句子为祈使句,前面的句子也应为祈使句,以动词原形开头,故选A。
16. No ________ loudly in the museum! Please be quiet.
A. talk B. talking C. talks D. talked
【答案】B
【解析】句意:博物馆禁止大声喧哗。请保持安静。英语中常用“No+动名词(-ing形式)”的结构来表达禁止,故选B。
17. I like Mr. Li best because he often says “Never ________, ________ you’ll do better.”
A. give up, but B. giving up, so C. to give up, and D. give up, and
【答案】D
【解析】句意:我最喜欢李先生,因为他经常说:“永不放弃,你会做得更好。”give up放弃,but但是;so因此;and而且。第一空是祈使句的否定形式never+动词原形,因此用give up;第二空表示承接关系,用连词and,故选D。
18. ________ go to the park this weekend, ________?
A. Let’s, will you B. Let us, shall we C. Let’s, shall we D. Let us, do you
【答案】C
【解析】 句意:咱们这周末去公园吧,好吗?“Let’s”包含说话人和听话人双方,对应的反义疑问句用shall we?(征求双方的意见),故选C。
19.________ borrow your dictionary for a minute, ________?
A. Let’s, will you B. Let us, shall we C. Let’s, shall we D. Let us, will you
【答案】D
【解析】句意:请允许我们借你的字典用一会儿,好吗?此处“借字典”的动作仅涉及“我们”(说话人一方),不包含听话人(“你”),因此用“Let us”(表示请求对方允许),对应的反义疑问句为will you?(征求对方同意);而 “Let’s”包含听话人,反义疑问句用shall we?,因此排除 B、C。选项 A 中“Let’s” 与will you?搭配错误,故选 D。
20. —________ angry, Mum. I promise I will never be late for school again.
—OK. You ________ use an alarm clock to wake you up in the morning.
A. Don’t be, had better B. Not be, would rather
C. Be not, would like D. Don’t be, mustn’t
【答案】A
【解析】句意:“不要生气,妈妈。我保证我绝不会再上学迟到。”“好的。你早上最好用闹钟叫醒你。”had better最好;would rather宁愿;would like想要;mustn’t禁止。根据“I promise I will never be late for school again.”可知让妈妈不要生气,使用祈使句否定形式,结构:Don’t+动词原形;根据“use an alarm clock to wake you up”可知,此处是给出建议,用had better,故选A。
21.—Should I tell my parents that I will come back home late?
—________. Or they will be worried.
A. Yes, you will B. Yes, you should C. No, I don’t D. No, you shouldn’t
【答案】B
【解析】句意:“我应该告诉父母我会晚回家吗?”“是的,你应该。否则他们会担心。”should引导的一般疑问句的回答。根据“Should I tell my parents that I will come back home late?”及“Or they will be worried.”可知,说话者建议“应该告知父母”,故选B。
22. —I’ve got a toothache, Mom.
—Oh, you ________ eat too much candy.
A. shouldn’t B. needn’t C. should D. need
【答案】A
【解析】句意:“妈妈,我牙痛。”“哦,你不应该吃太多的糖果。”shouldn’t不应该;needn’t不需要;should应该;need需要。根据题意和常识可知,“牙疼”本质上是“吃糖过多”的不良后果,所以这里应用shouldn’t表示“禁止性建议”,故选A。
23. — I really like this video game, mum. Why must I stop playing it?
— For your health, my dear. You ________ go out to take in fresh air and relax your eyes.
A. could B. couldn’t C. should D. shouldn’t
【答案】C
【解析】句意:“妈妈,我真的很喜欢这个电子游戏,我为什么必须停下来?”“为了你的健康,亲爱的。你应该出去呼吸新鲜空气,让眼睛放松。”could能;couldn’t不能;should应该;shouldn’t不应该。根据“For your health, my dear. You...go out to take in fresh air and relax your eyes.”可知,母亲建议孩子外出活动是为了健康着想,故需should“应该”表责任或合理建议,故选C。
24. —I argued with my best friend yesterday.
—You ________ talk to him and say sorry.
A. shouldn’t B. might C. should D. needn’t
【答案】C
【解析】句意:“我昨天和我最好的朋友吵架了。”“你应该和他谈谈,并向他道歉。”shouldn’t不应该;might可能,可以,may的过去式;should应该;needn’t不必。根据“I argued with my best friend yesterday.”可知,此处是建议对方去道歉,故选C。
25. If you have a stomachache, you ________ eat too much.
A. should B. shouldn’t C. need D. needn’t
【答案】B
【解析】句意:如果你胃痛,你不应该吃太多。should应该;shouldn’t不应该;need需要;needn’t不需要。根据“If you have a stomachache,”可知,胃痛时不应该吃太多,故选B。
26. You ________ loudly in the library, or you will bother other readers.
A. ought not speak B. ought not to speak C. not ought to speak D. ought not speaking
【答案】B
【解析】句意:你不应该在图书馆大声说话,否则会打扰其他读者。ought not to do sth意为“不应该做某事”,故选B。
27. —What ________ we do in the corridor?
—You ________ be quiet.
A. should, ought B. ought, ought C. should, should D. should to, ought to
【答案】C
【详解】句意:“我们在走廊里应该做什么?”“你应该安静点。”should与ought to都表示应该。should后跟动词原形;ought先与to连用,构成ought to,然后再跟动词原形,故选C。
28. —We are free this evening. Shall we go out for a walk?
—It’s foggy. We’d better ________. Why ________ a film at home?
A. not walk, not watch B. not to walk, not to watch
C. not to walk, not watch D. not walk, not to watch
【答案】A
【解析】句意:“我们今晚有空。我们出去散步好吗?”“有雾,我们最好不要走路。为什么不在家里看电影呢?”had better not do sth“最好不要做某事”;why not do sth“为什么不做某事”,故选A。
29. Life is like a river. Don’t spend so much time looking back on the past, because you ________ work for the future.
A. would B. had better C. could D. may
【答案】B
【解析】句意:人生就像一条河。不要花太多时间回顾过去,因为你最好为未来工作。would将;had better最好;could可以;may可能。根据“work for the future”可知是最好为未来工作,故选B。
30. You ________ her if she ________ you to do so.
A. had better not to call, doesn’t allow B. had better not call, won’t allow
C. had better not to call, can’t allow D. had better not call, doesn’t allow
【答案】D
【解析】句意:如果她不允许,你最好不要给她打电话。had better not do sth“最好不要做某事”,第一个空填had better not call,排除选项A和C;此句为if引导的条件状语从句,时态遵循“主将从现”。第二个空位于从句,时态为一般现在时,空处位于第三人称单数she后,用三单形式的doesn’t allow,故选D。
二、按照要求完成下列句子(每题2分,满分20分)
1-5题均为“改为祈使句”(每空一词)
1. You mustn’t run in the hallway.
________ ________ in the hallway.
【答案】Don’t run
【解析】句意:你不许在走廊里奔跑。原句是带有“mustn’t”的陈述句,改为祈使句时,表达禁止做某事,结构为“Don’t+动词原形+其他”。故填Don’t;run。
2. You can’t eat in class. You can’t drink in class.
________ eat________ drink in class.
【答案】Don’t or
【解析】句意:你不能在课堂上吃东西。你不能在课堂上喝水。原句是陈述句否定形式,此处应改为祈使句的否定形式,以Don’t开头,并用“or”连接两个并列的禁止动作。故填Don’t;or。
3. Will you please put on your jacket?
________ ________ your jacket, please.
【答案】Put on
【解析】句意:请你穿上夹克好吗?此处应用以动词原形开头的祈使句,且句首首字母要大写。故填Put;on。
4. If you spend too much time on computer games, you will fall behind soon.
________ spend too much time on computer games, ________ you will fall behind soon.
【答案】Don’t or
【解析】句意:如果你花太多时间在电脑游戏上,你很快就会落后。原句是条件状语从句(If…),可转换为“祈使句+ or +陈述句”的同义结构。“If…, you will…” → “Don’t…, or you will…”:用 “or” 连接前后句,表示“否则”(隐含“如果不听从警告,就会发生结果”)。故填Don’t;or。
5. If you study hard, you’ll make great progress in English.
________ hard, ________ you’ll make great progress in English.
【答案】Study, and
【详解】句意:努力学习,你就会在英语上取得很大进步。原句是条件状语从句(If…),可转换为“祈使句+ and+陈述句”的同义结构。“If…, you will…” → “Don’t…, and you will…”:用 “and” 连接前后句
6. You had better come on Saturday. (改为否定句)
You ________ ________ ________ come on Saturday.
【答案】had better not
【解析】句意:你最好周六来。根据题意要变为否定句,You’d better...(你最好……)的否定形式是“You’d better not + 动词原形”,come“来”是动词原形。故填 better;not;come 。
7. It’s best for you to leave at once. (同义句转换)
You ________ ________ leave at once.
【答案】had better
【解析】句意:你最好马上离开。根据“It’s best for you to leave at once.”可知,“It’s best for sb. to do sth.”(某人最好做某事)可以转换为 “sb. had better do sth.”(某人最好做某事)。故填had;better。
8. You must be careful when you are using this knife.(改为祈使句的强调句)
________ ________ ________ when you are using this knife
【答案】Do be careful
【解析】句意:你使用这把刀的时候一定要小心。You must be careful相当Do be careful。
9. You should drink something. (改为否定句)
You ________ drink________.
【答案】shouldn’t, anything
【来源】重庆市江津实验中学等五校2023-2024学年八年级下学期期中英语试题
【解析】句意:你应该喝点东西。原句改为否定句,should的否定形式是shouldn’t,后接动词原形,something用于肯定句中,变为否定句要用anything,意为“你不能喝任何东西”。故填shouldn’t;anything。
10. You should see the dentist if you have a toothache. (对划线部分提问)
________ ________ you ________ if you have a toothache?
【答案】What should, do
【解析】句意:如果你牙疼,你应该去看牙医。划线部分“see a dentist”指动作,用what来提问,引导特殊疑问句,原句中的情态动词should提到主语前,疑问词后,用do指代原来的谓语+宾语。故填What should, do。
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