精品解析：北京市朝阳区2024-2025学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题

北京市朝阳区2024~2025学年度第二学期期末质量检测 高二英语试卷 (考试时间100分钟 满分100分) 本试卷共10页。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。 第一部分 知识运用(共三节，30分) 第一节 完形填空(共10小题；每小题1分，共10分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Outside a few snowflakes (雪花) fell down as the grey afternoon sky darkened. Although it was less than one week before the New Year, I found it difficult to be in a ____1____ mood. My family had just moved to this country and was going through a very difficult year. The holidays were difficult for us because we ____2____ our hometown. No one was coming over for the New Year either. We would be spending the festival alone. As a wave of homesickness ____3____ my family, the doorbell rang. It was dark outside, and we weren’t ____4____ anyone. My fifteen-year-old daughter Rachel went to open the door, and then said, “Mom, there’s a box on the doorstep — with presents... and nobody is out here!” Who could have left it? It was indeed a (n) ____5____. The box contained some packages wrapped in bright paper. Each had a typewritten label: Open Dec. 27th, Open Dec. 28th, … There were a total of six. It was December 27th, and the label for that day was ____6____ to a package of steaks. The label read: Enjoy fun with your family. After that, we gathered each day as a family to open one more gift. We would try to guess what each package contained, which became a ____7____ for us. As the days passed, we also ____8____ butter, potatoes, sausages, peppers and berries. All together the packages made a complete New Year dinner. But it turned out we didn’t need to use our packages of food on the New Year’s Day because a family from work ____9____ invited us over for dinner on December 31st. We felt so blessed, and were so thankful to be loved! Now, two decades later, that tough year is a distant memory. We never find out who gave us the New Year gift. But I’m always ____10____ for the spirit of kindness and generosity that came at a time we desperately needed to know we were not alone after all. 1. A. joyful B. nervous C. depressed D. confident 2. A. visited B. admired C. missed D. forgot 3. A. cheered up B. swept over C. brought back D. took apart 4. A. expecting B. detecting C. bothering D. informing 5. A. accident B. mystery C. chance D. mistake 6. A. delivered B. exposed C. related D. attached 7. A. strategy B. problem C. trick D. game 8. A. made B. examined C. discovered D. bought 9. A. kindly B. calmly C. randomly D. hesitantly 10. A. eager B. ready C. grateful D. responsible 第二节 选词填空(共10小题；每小题1分，共10分) 阅读下面句子，根据句意、从方框中选择恰当的单词或词组，并使用其正确形式填空。 submit frequent propose strike reliable proceed to disturb get rid of be dedicated to in an attempt to 11. The team had to ________ the false data to ensure accurate results. 12. Before the deadline, students must ________ their final essays online. 13. The employees stayed up all night ________ finish the project on time. 14. Mary visited the café so ________ that the staff knew her order by heart. 15. Please lower your voice so you don’t ________ the other people in the library. 16. When problems arise, our group leader always ________ that we hold a meeting. 17. Jack’s head ________ the bottom when he dived into the children’s swimming pool. 18. After the story of my birth, grandpa ________ tell me of my family history last night. 19. People or things that are ________ can be trusted to work in the way that you want them to. 20. The organization ________ helping the elderly living alone, as part of its long-term mission is to serve the community. 第三节 语法填空(共10小题；每小题1分，共10分) 阅读下面句子，根据句子内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 21. A lot more plastic waste ________ (throw) into the ocean last year. (所给词的适当形式填空) 22. Luckily, the parents ________ (put) away all the clothes before it rained. (所给词的适当形式填空) 23. She wants a job __________ her management skills can be put to good use. (用适当的词填空) 24. Tom accidentally slipped on the wet floor, ________ (injure) his arm badly. (所给词的适当形式填空) 25. The politicians delivered several powerful ________ (speech) at the conference. (所给词的适当形式填空) 26. The government ________ (invest) 2 billion RMB in renewable energy by now. (所给词的适当形式填空) 27. The medical students were unsure about ________ they should do with the emergency. (用适当的词填空) 28. The little child made great efforts ________ (reach) for the ripe pear hanging on the branch. (所给词的适当形式填空) 29. Nowadays, the Internet, as well as modern satellites, ________ (connect) remote areas globally. (所给词的适当形式填空) 30. When ________ (question) about its factories’ damage to the environment, the company insisted that it had done nothing wrong. (所给词的适当形式填空) 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，38分) 第一节(共14小题；每小题2分，共28分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A The Summer Academy for Math and Science (SAMS) Program mirrors the undergraduate (本科生) experience, giving rising seniors the opportunity to explore the fascinating world of science, technology, engineering and math (STEM). We provide you with experience that includes academic and personal development both inside and outside of the classroom in order to prepare students for the future. Live and learn in a college setting that will challenge you to discover your best self. Course Highlights In our program, students will: •Gain an understanding of the theory of research design in STEM-related fields. •Participate in weekly writing sessions on college application preparation. •Learn more about cooperative learning through group discussions. •Interact with professionals to explore STEM majors. •Complete the From Student to Scholar, a course designed to help students better understand who they are, who they want to be, and learn what it takes to get there. Application Requirements To be qualified for the SAMS Program, students must: •Be in 11th grade in high school at the time of application submission. •Demonstrate a strong interest in STEM disciplines. •Have an experience that demonstrates a commitment in community engagement. All qualified students are welcome to apply, and we strongly encourage applications from students who are underrepresented in STEM on the basis of, but not limited by: •Being raised in a home where English was a second language. •Currently attending a high school with historically low rates of admittance to premier institutions. •Identifying as first-generation college students whose parent (s) did not attend college. 31. The SAMS Program helps students ________. A. design STEM courses B. experience college life C. adapt to classroom learning D. get along with undergraduates 32. In the SAMS Program, students will ________. A. form better self-awareness B. conduct their own research C. complete their college application D. assist experts in group discussions 33. Which is a requirement for the SAMS Program applicants? A. Graduating from a top local high school. B. Coming from a non- native English family. C. Having previous involvement in community work. D. Being children of parents without college education. B Running has always been my way to just breathe. It used to be that when I ran, my body sped forward, but my mind found a rare stillness, making me feel strong, grounded, clear- headed and free. That changed during the third year of my undergraduate when I was deeply hurt by someone I trusted — someone I considered a friend. Almost overnight, I withdrew from the social person I once was. I felt I needed to find a way to deal with it on my own. Running late at nights and in early mornings became my shelter from that bad memory. I was searching for a cure in the ache of my muscles and the burn of my lungs. I ran faster and harder, thinking that maybe if I abused my body, the pain would go away. I pushed distances and limits I had never tried before. That fall, I signed up for a full marathon. I remember the moment my right knee gave out 4 months into my training. A sharp pain hit. I collapsed and cried, releasing tears I had held back for months. I could no longer put pressure on my right knee. Gradually, as I recovered, I started running again. To my surprise, I felt a shift, subtle (不易察觉的) at first. My runs, once fuelled by pain, became quieter. The road didn’t demand as much from me. A small, barely heard voice inside me said, “Enough.” I no longer needed to run for the hurt. I had learned to live with it, and to carry the pain without letting it consume or define me. I switched to running a half marathon to allow my body to recover and began running alongside friends and joining women’s running groups. When I crossed the finish line, it wasn’t a release but rather a recognition of the strength I had always carried. Unstopping. I felt like myself again. It taught me to pause, to ask myself what I run for, and to learn to be kind to the body that carries me every step of the way. 34. What made the author avoid socializing? A. The need for running. B. The search for freedom. C. The pursuit of a clear mind. D. The harm from a friend. 35. Why did the author run faster and harder? A. To ease her suffering. B. To train her muscles. C. To unlock her potential. D. To fight for a marathon. 36. As for running, how did the author feel after her knee’s injury? A. Excited. B. Challenged. C. Relieved. D. Disappointed. 37. What can we learn from the passage? A. Love is a verb. Act it out. B. Think twice before you move. C. You hold the seed of your rebirth. D. Success is built on focus, not fear. C A National Institutes of Health (NIH) project that studied over a hundred young people as they grew up during the 1990s showed that our brains undergo a massive reorganization between our 12th and 25th years. The brain doesn’t actually grow very much during this period. It has already reached 90 percent of its full size by the time a person is six. But as we move through adolescence, the brain undergoes extensive remodeling, resembling a network and wiring upgrade. Beatriz Luna, professor of University of Pittsburgh, used neuroimaging to study the teen brain. Luna scanned the brains of children, teens, and twentysomethings while they performed a specific task. They view a screen on which the red crosshairs at the center occasionally disappear just as a light flashes elsewhere on the screen. The instructions are to not look at the light and instead to look in the opposite direction. A sensor detects any eye movement. Ten-year-olds fail about 45 percent of the time. Teens do much better. What Luna found most interesting, however, was not those scores. It was the brain scans she took while people took the test. Compared with adults, teens tended to make less use of brain regions that spot errors, plan, and stay focused — areas the adults seemed to bring online automatically. This let the adults use a variety of brain resources and better resist distractions, while the teens used those areas less often and more readily gave in to the impulse to look at the flashing light. This helps explain why teens behave with such annoying inconsistency: attracting at breakfast, disgusting at dinner; masterful on Monday, sleepwalking on Saturday. Meanwhile, take inspiration in one last distinction of the teen brain — a final key to both its awkwardness and its remarkable adaptability. This is the lasting plasticity of those late-developing frontal areas as they slowly mature. And at first glance this seems like bad news: If we need these areas for the complex task of entering the world, why aren’t they running at full speed when the challenges are most discouraging? The answer is that speed comes at the price of flexibility. According to Douglas Fields, an NIH neuroscientist, “This means the period when a brain area is getting upgraded is a sort of crucial period of learning — once that’s done it’s harder to change.” The long, slow, back-to-front developmental wave, completed only in the mid-20s, appears to be a uniquely human adaptation. It may be one of our most sequential. It can seem a bit crazy that we humans don’t wise up a bit earlier in life. But if we smartened up sooner, we’d end up more stupid. 38. What does the underlined word “resembling” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A. Building up. B. Looking like. C. Breaking down. D. Connecting to. 39. What can we learn from the passage? A. Be patient and teams can still be smarter. B. Be focused and we will face the world better. C. Brains have the tendency to level up when needed. D. Brains’ processing speed is compromised as they mature. 40. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To analyse the composition of human brains. B. To find reason for teens’ inconsistent behaviours. C. To make a contrast between teen and adult brains. D. To explain human brains develop at a reasonable pace. D Ah, the world Oh, the world — Moby-Dick. The first scientific study of sperm whales was published in 1835 by a Scottish ship doctor named Thomas Beale. Beale believed sperm whales to be silent. Herman Melville relied heavily on Beale in composing Moly-Dick. “The whale has no voice,” Melville wrote. “But then again,” he went on, “what has the whale to say? Seldom have I sperm whale known any profound being that had anything to say to this world, unless forced to speak out something by way of getting a living.” The question of whether any species possesses a “communication system” comparable to that of humans is an open and much debated one. In the 1950s, the behaviorist B. F. Skinner argued that children learn language through positive reinforcement; therefore, other animals should be able to do the same. The linguist Noam Chomsky had a different view. He dismissed the notion that kids acquire language via conditioning, and also the possibility that language was available to other species. Michael Bronstein, a computer scientist from the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study in Cambridge, decided to discover the meaning of sperm whales’ codas — quick bursts of clicks produced by the whales— which they exchange with one another. Thus was born the Cetacean Translation Initiative — Project CETI for short, which represents the most ambitious, the most technologically advanced, and the most well-funded effort ever made to communicate with another species. “One important thing that I think will be an outcome of this project has to do with how we see life on land and in the oceans,” Bronstein said. “If we understand — or we have evidence, and very clear evidence in the form of language-like communication — that intelligent creatures are living there and that we are destroying them, that could change the way that we approach our Earth. If we could understand what they’re saying, instead of ‘save the whales’ it will be ‘saved by the whales’.” AI shares this hope. Or at least the AI-powered language model is smart enough to express it. Not long ago, suffering from writer’s block, I asked an AI chatbot if it could rewrite Moby-Dick from the whale’s perspective. The AI chatbot wrote: Deep in the sea, I longed to communicate with the captain, to show him that my kind, too, had emotions and families to protect. But the language barrier between our worlds remained a gap that cannot be bridged. And the story ends with a somewhat depressing but not unaffected emotional request: I, the White Whale, could only wonder if there would ever come a day when man and whale would understand each other, finding harmony in the vastness of the ocean’s embrace. 41. Why does the author quote Herman Melville? A. To reveal the possibility of whales’ talking. B. To present the popularity of whales in literature. C. To highlight the value of voices in making a living. D. To prove communication system is unique to humans. 42. What can we learn from this passage? A. Living in agreement with nature is well underway. B. The author may believe Skinner more than Chomsky. C. AI chatbots have a big advantage over humans in writing. D. CETI was set up to prove other intelligent creatures exist. 43. What does the author intend to tell us? A. Humans can correct their mistake when they know it. B. Humans are too stubborn to understand other species. C. To figure out whether other animals have languages is urgent. D. We need cross language barriers to get through to other species. 44. Which of the following would be the best title for this passage? A. Look Ahead: How Are Humans’ Behaviours Affecting the Nature? B. Talk to Them: Can We Be Equipped to Speak to Another Species? C. Think Again: What contribution Will AI Make to Animals’ Survival? D. Reflect on Ourselves: Are Other Animals Seen as inferior to Humans? 第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，共10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Sometimes it helps to have a “poker face”, an expression on your face that does not show what you are thinking or feeling. ____45____ Our research shows that moving your face in some way may help people warm to you more. To understand why facial expressivity is so beneficial, we first need to emphasise just how crucial social bonding is to human survival. Throughout most of our evolutionary history, our species has relied on tight-knit communities to keep ourselves fed, sheltered, and protected from dangerous outsiders. ____46____ Any skill or behaviour that improved someone’s ability to create and maintain lifesaving bonds was likely to exist in our gene pool over the generations. And our research suggests that facial expressivity may fall in this category. ____47____ Imagine meeting someone new and trying to figure out how good a fit they might be as a friend, or a colleague. You might wonder whether you can trust them, and whether you can even begin to understand each other. Someone who is easier to read may seem to be more appealing than someone who is more guarded. Simply put, being facially expressive may give others a sense that they understand you, which they like. This in turn supports the suggestion that the key function of facial expressivity is to make us more predictable. Furthermore, we found that participants’ level of expressivity didn’t change across situations or with different social partners. This finding may leave you wondering why some people remain comparatively inexpressive across situations. ____48____ And there could be alternative routes to being an attractive social partner. Clearly, regardless of how expressive we tend to be overall, we can also make choices about sharing more of ourselves in certain situations. Being more open and expressive may be scary — leaving people easy to be hurt. ____49____ So for now we think it’s best to leave your poker face at the card table. A. However, our work shows that it comes with rewards. B. Managing social relationships was a matter of life or death. C. Interestingly, more agreeable people were more facially expressive. D. For some, the costs of revealing oneself may outweigh the benefits. E. You might guess that people with cheerful expressions are best liked. F. Why would facial expressivity improve someone’s ability to build social bonds? G. Yet, in day-to-day life, when socializing, you’d better let your facial features fly free. 第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32分) 第一节(共4小题；第50、51题各2分、第52题3分，第53题5分，共12分) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Every year, as birds make their journeys hundreds — sometimes thousands — of miles across whole continents, they attract the attention of bird-watchers. People gather along wetlands and shorelines, cold hands holding their telescopes and excitement growing in their stomachs. For outsiders of bird-watching, a bird-watcher is usually someone from an older generation, such as an old grandma sitting at her feeder looking at different birds. However, according to the National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated recreation, there were 4.7 million young bird-watchers in 2016 and 10. 8 million in 2022. Why exactly has this rapid growth happened? Technology may be the real gateway these days. Families might introduce young people to bird-watching, but apps and social media networks are helping them keep up their commitment to the hobby. Once interested, teenagers find the benefits of bird-watching are truly noticeable: it helps them get access to the traditional recreation and broadens their understanding of ecosystems. Teenage bird-watchers are finding their own digital way into a very traditional and meaningful activity. Sadie Cosby, a 17-year-old senior in Richmond, recognizes the appeal of online bird-watching platforms. She’s even part of a unique online chat group that sends messages when there is a rare bird in the area. Although Cosby says she prefers to bird-watch alone and uses it as a way to disconnect, she also enjoys being connected to other bird-watchers online. “I think because we’re kind of the smartphone generation, it’s easier for us to relate to bird-watching through all of the platforms,” says Cosby. Cosby is just a member of a much larger and closely networked community of young bird-watchers. And though they share much in common with older generations of bird-watchers when it comes to their passion for and enjoyment of the hobby, they also have a distinct advantage over the elders: being better at using digital tools to improve their bird-watching experience. 50. For outsiders of bird-watching, what kind of person is usually a bird-watcher? _____________________________________________________________ 51. What are the benefits of bird-watching for teenagers? _____________________________________________________________ 52. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ➢Young bird-watchers share much in common with the elders in terms of their passion for and enjoyment of the hobby, but the elders hold a clear advantage over the young. _____________________________________________________________ 53. Besides bird-watching, what other hobby would you like to develop in Cosby’s way? And how can you develop it? (In about 40 words) _____________________________________________________________ 第二节(20分) 54. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华，你的外国好友Jim正在组织“AI‘复活’有积极影响力的伟大人物”的活动，他发来邮件邀请你参加。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括： 1. 简要介绍你想“复活”的人； 2. 说明你想“复活”他/她的理由。 提示词：复活bring... back to life 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 北京市朝阳区2024~2025学年度第二学期期末质量检测 高二英语试卷 (考试时间100分钟 满分100分) 本试卷共10页。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。 第一部分 知识运用(共三节，30分) 第一节 完形填空(共10小题；每小题1分，共10分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Outside a few snowflakes (雪花) fell down as the grey afternoon sky darkened. Although it was less than one week before the New Year, I found it difficult to be in a ____1____ mood. My family had just moved to this country and was going through a very difficult year. The holidays were difficult for us because we ____2____ our hometown. No one was coming over for the New Year either. We would be spending the festival alone. As a wave of homesickness ____3____ my family, the doorbell rang. It was dark outside, and we weren’t ____4____ anyone. My fifteen-year-old daughter Rachel went to open the door, and then said, “Mom, there’s a box on the doorstep — with presents... and nobody is out here!” Who could have left it? It was indeed a (n) ____5____. The box contained some packages wrapped in bright paper. Each had a typewritten label: Open Dec. 27th, Open Dec. 28th, … There were a total of six. It was December 27th, and the label for that day was ____6____ to a package of steaks. The label read: Enjoy fun with your family. After that, we gathered each day as a family to open one more gift. We would try to guess what each package contained, which became a ____7____ for us. As the days passed, we also ____8____ butter, potatoes, sausages, peppers and berries. All together the packages made a complete New Year dinner. But it turned out we didn’t need to use our packages of food on the New Year’s Day because a family from work ____9____ invited us over for dinner on December 31st. We felt so blessed, and were so thankful to be loved! Now, two decades later, that tough year is a distant memory. We never find out who gave us the New Year gift. But I’m always ____10____ for the spirit of kindness and generosity that came at a time we desperately needed to know we were not alone after all. 1. A. joyful B. nervous C. depressed D. confident 2. A. visited B. admired C. missed D. forgot 3. A. cheered up B. swept over C. brought back D. took apart 4. A. expecting B. detecting C. bothering D. informing 5. A. accident B. mystery C. chance D. mistake 6. A. delivered B. exposed C. related D. attached 7. A. strategy B. problem C. trick D. game 8. A. made B. examined C. discovered D. bought 9. A. kindly B. calmly C. randomly D. hesitantly 10. A. eager B. ready C. grateful D. responsible 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. B 6. D 7. D 8. C 9. A 10. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者一家在新年之际收到神秘礼物，度过温暖节日的故事。 【1题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管离新年不到一周了，但我发现自己很难感到快乐。A. joyful快乐的；B. nervous紧张的；C. depressed沮丧的；D. confident自信的。根据下文“My family had just moved to this country and was going through a very difficult year. The holidays were difficult for us because we ____2____ our hometown. No one was coming over for the New Year either. We would be spending the festival alone.”可知，作者一家刚搬到这个国家，正在经历艰难的一年，假期对他们来说很困难，因为想念家乡，也没有人来一起过新年，所以作者难以感到快乐。故选A。 【2题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：假期对我们来说很艰难，因为我们想念家乡。A. visited参观；B. admired钦佩；C. missed想念；D. forgot忘记。根据上文“My family had just moved to this country and was going through a very difficult year. The holidays were difficult for us”可知，作者一家刚搬到这个国家，正在经历艰难的一年，所以假期对他们来说很艰难，因为他们想念家乡。故选C。 【3题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：当一阵思乡之情席卷我的家人时，门铃响了。A. cheered up使振奋；B. swept over席卷；C. brought back带回；D. took apart拆开。根据上文“The holidays were difficult for us because we ____2____ our hometown. No one was coming over for the New Year either. We would be spending the festival alone.”和“As a wave of homesickness”可知，作者一家想念家乡，一阵思乡之情席卷了作者一家人。故选B。 【4题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：外面很黑，我们没料到会有人来。A. expecting期待；B. detecting检测；C. bothering打扰；D. informing通知。根据上文“No one was coming over for the New Year either”以及“It was dark outside”可知，作者一家刚搬到这个国家，也没有人来一起过新年，而且外面很黑，所以作者一家没料到会有人来。故选A。 【5题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这确实是个谜。A. accident事故；B. mystery谜；C. chance机会；D. mistake错误。根据上文“Who could have left it?”可知，作者一家不知道是谁留下的礼物，所以这确实是个谜。故选B。 【6题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：那天是12月27日，那天的标签被贴在一包牛排上。A. delivered递送；B. exposed暴露；C. related联系；D. attached贴上。根据下文“to a package of steaks. The label read: Enjoy fun with your family”可知，标签被贴在一包牛排上。故选D。 【7题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们会试着猜每个包裹里装的是什么，这成了我们的一个游戏。A. strategy策略；B. problem问题；C. trick诡计；D. game游戏。根据上文“We would try to guess what each package contained”可知，作者一家会试着猜每个包裹里装的是什么，所以这成了他们的一个游戏。故选D。 【8题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着时间的推移，我们还发现了黄油、土豆、香肠、辣椒和浆果。A. made制作；B. examined检查；C. discovered发现；D. bought买。根据下文“butter, potatoes, sausages, peppers and berries. All together the packages made a complete New Year dinner.”可知，下文的这些东西是作者一家在包裹中发现的。故选C。 【9题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：但事实证明，我们不需要在新年那天使用我们的食物包裹，因为12月31日，我们一家工作上认识的一家人好心地邀请他们去吃晚饭。A. kindly好心地；B. calmly冷静地；C. randomly随机地；D. hesitantly犹豫地。根据下文“invited us over for dinner on December 31st”可知，作者一家工作上认识的一家人邀请他们去吃晚饭，说明是好心地邀请。故选A。 【10题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但我一直感激那种善良和慷慨的精神，在我们迫切需要知道我们并不孤单的时候，它出现了。A. eager渴望的；B. ready准备好的；C. grateful感激的；D. responsible负责的。根据下文“for the spirit of kindness and generosity that came at a time we desperately needed to know we were not alone after all”可知，作者一家在最需要帮助的时候得到了帮助，所以一直感激那种善良和慷慨的精神。故选C。 第二节 选词填空(共10小题；每小题1分，共10分) 阅读下面句子，根据句意、从方框中选择恰当的单词或词组，并使用其正确形式填空。 submit frequent propose strike reliable proceed to disturb get rid of be dedicated to in an attempt to 11. The team had to ________ the false data to ensure accurate results. 12. Before the deadline, students must ________ their final essays online. 13. The employees stayed up all night ________ finish the project on time. 14. Mary visited the café so ________ that the staff knew her order by heart. 15. Please lower your voice so you don’t ________ the other people in the library. 16. When problems arise, our group leader always ________ that we hold a meeting. 17. Jack’s head ________ the bottom when he dived into the children’s swimming pool. 18. After the story of my birth, grandpa ________ tell me of my family history last night. 19. People or things that are ________ can be trusted to work in the way that you want them to. 20. The organization ________ helping the elderly living alone, as part of its long-term mission is to serve the community. 【答案】11. get rid of 12. submit 13. in an attempt to 14. frequently 15. disturb 16. proposes 17. struck 18. proceeded to 19. reliable 20. is dedicated to 【解析】 【11题详解】 考查固定短语、动词不定式。句意：团队必须摆脱虚假数据以确保结果的准确性。根据空后的“the false data to ensure accurate results”可知，空处应用get rid of，表示“摆脱，去除”，这里指去除虚假数据，位于情态动词had to后，动词用原形。故填get rid of。 【12题详解】 考查动词、情态动词。句意：在截止日期前，学生必须在线提交他们的期末论文。根据空后的“their final essays online”可知，空处应用submit，表示“提交”，这里指提交论文。位于情态动词must后，动词用原形。故填submit。 【13题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：员工们通宵工作，试图按时完成项目。根据空后的“finish the project on time”可知，空处应用in an attempt to，表示“试图，企图”，这里指员工们试图按时完成项目。故填in an attempt to。 【14题详解】 考查副词。句意：玛丽经常光顾这家咖啡馆，以至于店员们都把她点的菜背得烂熟于心。由“the staff knew her order by heart”可知，玛丽经常光顾这家咖啡馆，空格处意为“经常”，用副词frequently修饰动词visited，故填frequently。 【15题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：请放低声音，以免打扰图书馆里的其他人。由“Please lower your voice so”可知，句子表示“请放低声音，以免打扰图书馆里的其他人”，空格处意为“打扰”，是disturb，由don’t可知，时态是一般现在时，空格处用原形，故填disturb。 【16题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：当问题出现时，我们组长总是建议我们开个会。由“we hold a meeting”可知，空格处意为“建议”，是propose，由always可知，时态是一般现在时，主语leader是第三人称单数，因此空格处用第三人称单数，故填proposes。 【17题详解】 考查时态。句意：杰克一头扎进孩子们的游泳池时，头撞到了水底。由“the bottom when he dived into the children’s swimming pool”可知，此处表示“头撞到了水底”，空格处意为“撞击”，是strike，由dived可知，时态是一般过去时，空格处用过去式struck，故填struck。 【18题详解】 考查时态和固定短语。句意：昨晚，爷爷讲完我出生的故事，接着又给我讲了我的家族史。由“After the story of my birth”可知，此处表示“接着又给我讲了我的家族史”，空格处意为“接着做某事”，是固定短语proceed to do sth.，由last night可知，句子时态是一般过去时，proceed的过去式是proceeded，故填proceeded to。 【19题详解】 考查形容词。句意：可靠的人或事物可以被信任以你想要的方式工作。由“can be trusted to work in the way that you want them to”可知，句子表示“可靠的人或事物可以被信任以你想要的方式工作”，空格处意为“可靠的”，是形容词reliable，故填reliable。 【20题详解】 考查固定短语，时态和主谓一致。句意：该组织致力于帮助独居老人，服务社区是其长期使命的一部分。由“helping the elderly living alone”可知，空格处表示“致力于”，是固定短语be dedicated to，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语organization是单数，be动词用is。故填is dedicated to。 第三节 语法填空(共10小题；每小题1分，共10分) 阅读下面句子，根据句子内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 21. A lot more plastic waste ________ (throw) into the ocean last year. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was thrown 【解析】 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：去年，更多的塑料垃圾被扔进了海洋。根据时间状语last year可知，时态应使用一般过去时态，throw“扔”与主语plastic waste之间是被动关系，应使用一般过去时的被动语态，又因主语是不可数名词，be动词用was。故填was thrown。 22. Luckily, the parents ________ (put) away all the clothes before it rained. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】had put 【解析】 【详解】考查时态。句意：幸运的是，父母在下雨前把所有的衣服都收起来了。设空处作谓语，根据时间状语从句before it rained可知，此处表示过去的过去发生的动作，应用过去完成时。故填had put。 23. She wants a job __________ her management skills can be put to good use. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：她想找一份能将她的管理技能派上用场的工作。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，从句缺状语，先行词是抽象地点名词job，故用关系副词where引导从句。故答案是where。 24. Tom accidentally slipped on the wet floor, ________ (injure) his arm badly. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】injuring 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：汤姆不小心在湿地板上滑倒了，结果手臂受了重伤。句中有谓语动词slipped且句中无连词，故空格处应用非谓语动词，injure意为“使受伤”，Tom与injure为逻辑上的主谓关系，故应用现在分词injuring，作结果状语，表示滑倒导致的自然结果。故填injuring。 25. The politicians delivered several powerful ________ (speech) at the conference. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】speeches 【解析】 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：政客们在会议上发表了几次强有力的演讲。分析句子可知，设空处应填名词作宾语，且根据several“几次”可知，此处应用可数名词复数形式，speech的复数形式为speeches。故填speeches。 26. The government ________ (invest) 2 billion RMB in renewable energy by now. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】has invested 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：到目前为止，政府已经在可再生能源上投资了20亿元人民币。根据时间状语“by now(到目前为止)”可知，句子应用现在完成时，其结构为“have/has+过去分词”。主语The government是第三人称单数，助动词用has；invest的过去分词是invested。故填has invested。 27. The medical students were unsure about ________ they should do with the emergency. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】what 【解析】 【详解】考查宾语从句引导词。句意：医科学生不确定紧急情况下他们应该做什么。分析句子结构可知，介词about后有一个完整的句子，即介词后有一个宾语从句。宾语从句的动词do“做”需要接一个宾语，连接代词what“什么”符合语境，且能充当宾语。故填what。 28. The little child made great efforts ________ (reach) for the ripe pear hanging on the branch. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to reach 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这个小孩努力去够挂在树枝上的熟梨。分析句子可知，设空处应填动词不定式作目的状语，“make efforts to do sth.”为固定搭配，意为“努力做某事”。故填to reach。 29. Nowadays, the Internet, as well as modern satellites, ________ (connect) remote areas globally. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】connects 【解析】 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：如今，互联网和现代卫星连接了全球的偏远地区。本句描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时；as well as连接两个主语时，谓语动词与前面的主语保持一致，即与the Internet保持一致，the Internet为第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式connects“连接”。故填connects。 30. When ________ (question) about its factories’ damage to the environment, the company insisted that it had done nothing wrong. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】questioned 【解析】 【详解】考查状语从句中的省略。句意：当被问及工厂对环境的破坏时，该公司坚持认为自己没有做错任何事。当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时或从句主语为it，且从句含有be动词时，可以省略状语从句的主语和be动词。本句中的时间状语从句完整句子为when the company was ____ (question)，主语the company与question“问”为被动关系，本空用过去分词，与空前的was构成一般过去时的被动语态。故填questioned。 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，38分) 第一节(共14小题；每小题2分，共28分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A The Summer Academy for Math and Science (SAMS) Program mirrors the undergraduate (本科生) experience, giving rising seniors the opportunity to explore the fascinating world of science, technology, engineering and math (STEM). We provide you with experience that includes academic and personal development both inside and outside of the classroom in order to prepare students for the future. Live and learn in a college setting that will challenge you to discover your best self. Course Highlights In our program, students will: •Gain an understanding of the theory of research design in STEM-related fields. •Participate in weekly writing sessions on college application preparation. •Learn more about cooperative learning through group discussions. •Interact with professionals to explore STEM majors. •Complete the From Student to Scholar, a course designed to help students better understand who they are, who they want to be, and learn what it takes to get there. Application Requirements To be qualified for the SAMS Program, students must: •Be in 11th grade in high school at the time of application submission. •Demonstrate a strong interest in STEM disciplines. •Have an experience that demonstrates a commitment in community engagement. All qualified students are welcome to apply, and we strongly encourage applications from students who are underrepresented in STEM on the basis of, but not limited by: •Being raised in a home where English was a second language. •Currently attending a high school with historically low rates of admittance to premier institutions. •Identifying as first-generation college students whose parent (s) did not attend college. 31. The SAMS Program helps students ________. A. design STEM courses B. experience college life C. adapt to classroom learning D. get along with undergraduates 32. In the SAMS Program, students will ________. A. form better self-awareness B. conduct their own research C. complete their college application D. assist experts in group discussions 33. Which is a requirement for the SAMS Program applicants? A. Graduating from a top local high school. B. Coming from a non- native English family. C. Having previous involvement in community work. D. Being children of parents without college education. 【答案】31. B 32. A 33. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了夏季数学与科学学院 (SAMS) 项目，包括项目内容、课程亮点、申请要求等信息。 【31题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“The Summer Academy for Math and Science (SAMS) Program mirrors the undergraduate (本科生) experience, giving rising seniors the opportunity to explore the fascinating world of science, technology, engineering and math (STEM). We provide you with experience that includes academic and personal development both inside and outside of the classroom in order to prepare students for the future. Live and learn in a college setting that will challenge you to discover your best self. (夏季数学与科学学院 (SAMS) 项目反映了本科生的经历，为即将升入高三的学生提供了探索科学、技术、工程和数学 (STEM) 这一迷人世界的机会。我们为您提供包括课堂内外学术和个人发展的经验，为学生的未来做好准备。在大学环境中生活和学习，挑战您发现最好的自己)”可知，SAMS项目帮助学生体验大学生活。故选B。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据Course Highlights部分中“Complete the From Student to Scholar, a course designed to help students better understand who they are, who they want to be, and learn what it takes to get there. (完成从学生到学者的课程，这门课程旨在帮助学生更好地了解自己是谁，想成为什么样的人，并学习如何实现这一目标)”可知，在SAMS项目中，学生将形成更好的自我意识。故选A。 【33题详解】 细节理解题。根据Application Requirements部分中“To be qualified for the SAMS Program, students must:(要获得SAMS项目的资格，学生必须：)”以及“Have an experience that demonstrates a commitment in community engagement. (有参与社区活动的经历)”可知，SAMS项目申请人的要求是之前参与过社区工作。故选C。 B Running has always been my way to just breathe. It used to be that when I ran, my body sped forward, but my mind found a rare stillness, making me feel strong, grounded, clear- headed and free. That changed during the third year of my undergraduate when I was deeply hurt by someone I trusted — someone I considered a friend. Almost overnight, I withdrew from the social person I once was. I felt I needed to find a way to deal with it on my own. Running late at nights and in early mornings became my shelter from that bad memory. I was searching for a cure in the ache of my muscles and the burn of my lungs. I ran faster and harder, thinking that maybe if I abused my body, the pain would go away. I pushed distances and limits I had never tried before. That fall, I signed up for a full marathon. I remember the moment my right knee gave out 4 months into my training. A sharp pain hit. I collapsed and cried, releasing tears I had held back for months. I could no longer put pressure on my right knee. Gradually, as I recovered, I started running again. To my surprise, I felt a shift, subtle (不易察觉的) at first. My runs, once fuelled by pain, became quieter. The road didn’t demand as much from me. A small, barely heard voice inside me said, “Enough.” I no longer needed to run for the hurt. I had learned to live with it, and to carry the pain without letting it consume or define me. I switched to running a half marathon to allow my body to recover and began running alongside friends and joining women’s running groups. When I crossed the finish line, it wasn’t a release but rather a recognition of the strength I had always carried. Unstopping. I felt like myself again. It taught me to pause, to ask myself what I run for, and to learn to be kind to the body that carries me every step of the way. 34. What made the author avoid socializing? A. The need for running. B. The search for freedom. C. The pursuit of a clear mind. D. The harm from a friend. 35. Why did the author run faster and harder? A. To ease her suffering. B. To train her muscles. C. To unlock her potential. D. To fight for a marathon. 36. As for running, how did the author feel after her knee’s injury? A. Excited. B. Challenged. C. Relieved. D. Disappointed. 37. What can we learn from the passage? A. Love is a verb. Act it out. B. Think twice before you move. C. You hold the seed of your rebirth. D. Success is built on focus, not fear. 【答案】34. D 35. A 36. C 37. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者因朋友伤害而逃避社交，通过跑步寻求治愈，最终学会与伤痛共处并找回自我的经历。 【34题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“That changed during the third year of my undergraduate when I was deeply hurt by someone I trusted — someone I considered a friend. Almost overnight, I withdrew from the social person I once was. (这在我本科第三年发生了变化，当时我被我信任的人深深伤害了——一个我认为是朋友的人。几乎一夜之间，我从曾经的那个善于社交的人中退缩了。)”可知，作者因为被朋友伤害而开始逃避社交。故选D。 【35题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“I was searching for a cure in the ache of my muscles and the burn of my lungs. I ran faster and harder, thinking that maybe if I abused my body, the pain would go away. (我在肌肉的疼痛和肺部的灼烧中寻找治愈方法。我跑得更快更猛，心想也许如果我虐待自己的身体，疼痛就会消失。)”可知，作者跑得更快更猛是为了减轻痛苦。故选A。 【36题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“I collapsed and cried, releasing tears I had held back for months. (我倒下哭了，释放了我憋了几个月的眼泪。)”以及“Gradually, as I recovered, I started running again. To my surprise, I felt a shift, subtle (不易察觉的) at first. My runs, once fuelled by pain, became quieter. The road didn’t demand as much from me. (渐渐地，随着我康复，我又开始跑步了。令我惊讶的是，我感到了一种转变，起初很微妙。我的跑步曾经因疼痛而加速，现在变得更安静了。)”“I no longer needed to run for the hurt. I had learned to live with it, and to carry the pain without letting it consume or define me.(我不再需要为受伤而奔跑。我学会了忍受它，学会了承受痛苦，而不是让它吞噬或定义我)”可知，作者膝盖受伤后倒下哭了，但逐渐康复后，再次跑步时感到了一种转变，因为她不再用跑步宣泄痛苦，受伤后作者对跑步的感觉是解脱的。故选C。 【37题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段“I felt like myself again. It taught me to pause, to ask myself what I run for, and to learn to be kind to the body that carries me every step of the way. (我又找回了自我。它教会我停下来，问问自己为什么跑步，并学会善待每一步都陪伴着我的身体。)”可知，文章通过讲述作者因朋友伤害而逃避社交，通过跑步寻求治愈，最终学会与伤痛共处并找回自我的经历，传达了“自我救赎与成长”的主题，即“你掌握着自己重生的种子”。故选C。 C A National Institutes of Health (NIH) project that studied over a hundred young people as they grew up during the 1990s showed that our brains undergo a massive reorganization between our 12th and 25th years. The brain doesn’t actually grow very much during this period. It has already reached 90 percent of its full size by the time a person is six. But as we move through adolescence, the brain undergoes extensive remodeling, resembling a network and wiring upgrade. Beatriz Luna, professor of University of Pittsburgh, used neuroimaging to study the teen brain. Luna scanned the brains of children, teens, and twentysomethings while they performed a specific task. They view a screen on which the red crosshairs at the center occasionally disappear just as a light flashes elsewhere on the screen. The instructions are to not look at the light and instead to look in the opposite direction. A sensor detects any eye movement. Ten-year-olds fail about 45 percent of the time. Teens do much better. What Luna found most interesting, however, was not those scores. It was the brain scans she took while people took the test. Compared with adults, teens tended to make less use of brain regions that spot errors, plan, and stay focused — areas the adults seemed to bring online automatically. This let the adults use a variety of brain resources and better resist distractions, while the teens used those areas less often and more readily gave in to the impulse to look at the flashing light. This helps explain why teens behave with such annoying inconsistency: attracting at breakfast, disgusting at dinner; masterful on Monday, sleepwalking on Saturday. Meanwhile, take inspiration in one last distinction of the teen brain — a final key to both its awkwardness and its remarkable adaptability. This is the lasting plasticity of those late-developing frontal areas as they slowly mature. And at first glance this seems like bad news: If we need these areas for the complex task of entering the world, why aren’t they running at full speed when the challenges are most discouraging? The answer is that speed comes at the price of flexibility. According to Douglas Fields, an NIH neuroscientist, “This means the period when a brain area is getting upgraded is a sort of crucial period of learning — once that’s done it’s harder to change.” The long, slow, back-to-front developmental wave, completed only in the mid-20s, appears to be a uniquely human adaptation. It may be one of our most sequential. It can seem a bit crazy that we humans don’t wise up a bit earlier in life. But if we smartened up sooner, we’d end up more stupid. 38. What does the underlined word “resembling” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A. Building up. B. Looking like. C. Breaking down. D. Connecting to. 39. What can we learn from the passage? A. Be patient and teams can still be smarter. B. Be focused and we will face the world better. C. Brains have the tendency to level up when needed. D. Brains’ processing speed is compromised as they mature. 40. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To analyse the composition of human brains. B. To find reason for teens’ inconsistent behaviours. C. To make a contrast between teen and adult brains. D. To explain human brains develop at a reasonable pace. 【答案】38. B 39. D 40. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人类大脑在12岁到25岁之间经历大规模重组，解释了青少年行为特点及大脑发育的合理性。 【38题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第一段“But as we move through adolescence, the brain undergoes extensive remodeling, resembling a network and wiring upgrade. (但是，当我们进入青春期时，大脑会经历广泛的重塑，就像网络和线路升级一样。)”可知，大脑经历重塑，类似于网络和线路的升级，故resembling意为“像，类似于”。选项B“Looking like. (看起来像。)”符合题意。故选B。 【39题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第三段“And at first glance this seems like bad news: If we need these areas for the complex task of entering the world, why aren’t they running at full speed when the challenges are most discouraging?(乍一看这似乎是坏消息：如果我们需要这些区域来完成进入世界的复杂任务，为什么在挑战最严峻的时候它们却没有全速运转？)”紧接着倒数第二段给出答案“The answer is that speed comes at the price of flexibility. (答案是：速度是以灵活性为代价的。)”同一段中Douglas Fields说：“This means the period when a brain area is getting upgraded is a sort of crucial period of learning — once that’s done it’s harder to change.(这意味着大脑区域正在升级的时期是一个学习的关键期——一旦升级完成，就更难改变了。)”最后一段总结：“It can seem a bit crazy that we humans don’t wise up a bit earlier in life. But if we smartened up sooner, we’d end up more stupid.(人类没有在更早的年纪变得聪明起来，这看起来有点疯狂。但如果我们更早变聪明，最终反而会更愚蠢。)”可推理，大脑成熟过程中，处理速度的提升发生在发育后期，而代价是失去可塑性和灵活性；一旦某个区域成熟，就很难再改变或学习新东西，也就是说成熟以牺牲速度为代价的表述实际上是速度被妥协或折损。因此，从文章中我们可以得出的结论是大脑的处理速度随着成熟而有所折损。故选D。 【40题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中“A National Institutes of Health (NIH) project that studied over a hundred young people as they grew up during the 1990s showed that our brains undergo a massive reorganization between our 12th and 25th years. (美国国立卫生研究院（NIH）的一项项目对上世纪90年代成长起来的100多名年轻人进行了研究，结果显示，我们的大脑在12岁到25岁之间会经历大规模的重组。)”以及最后一段中“The long, slow, back-to-front developmental wave, completed only in the mid-20s, appears to be a uniquely human adaptation. (这种漫长、缓慢、从后到前的发展浪潮，直到20多岁中期才完成，似乎是人类独有的适应方式。)”可知，文章主要解释了人类大脑在青少年时期到成年早期的发育过程，以及这一发育过程的合理性和必要性，即人类大脑以合理的速度发育。选项D“To explain human brains develop at a reasonable pace. (解释人类大脑以合理的速度发育。)”符合题意。故选D。 D Ah, the world Oh, the world — Moby-Dick. The first scientific study of sperm whales was published in 1835 by a Scottish ship doctor named Thomas Beale. Beale believed sperm whales to be silent. Herman Melville relied heavily on Beale in composing Moly-Dick. “The whale has no voice,” Melville wrote. “But then again,” he went on, “what has the whale to say? Seldom have I sperm whale known any profound being that had anything to say to this world, unless forced to speak out something by way of getting a living.” The question of whether any species possesses a “communication system” comparable to that of humans is an open and much debated one. In the 1950s, the behaviorist B. F. Skinner argued that children learn language through positive reinforcement; therefore, other animals should be able to do the same. The linguist Noam Chomsky had a different view. He dismissed the notion that kids acquire language via conditioning, and also the possibility that language was available to other species. Michael Bronstein, a computer scientist from the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study in Cambridge, decided to discover the meaning of sperm whales’ codas — quick bursts of clicks produced by the whales— which they exchange with one another. Thus was born the Cetacean Translation Initiative — Project CETI for short, which represents the most ambitious, the most technologically advanced, and the most well-funded effort ever made to communicate with another species. “One important thing that I think will be an outcome of this project has to do with how we see life on land and in the oceans,” Bronstein said. “If we understand — or we have evidence, and very clear evidence in the form of language-like communication — that intelligent creatures are living there and that we are destroying them, that could change the way that we approach our Earth. If we could understand what they’re saying, instead of ‘save the whales’ it will be ‘saved by the whales’.” AI shares this hope. Or at least the AI-powered language model is smart enough to express it. Not long ago, suffering from writer’s block, I asked an AI chatbot if it could rewrite Moby-Dick from the whale’s perspective. The AI chatbot wrote: Deep in the sea, I longed to communicate with the captain, to show him that my kind, too, had emotions and families to protect. But the language barrier between our worlds remained a gap that cannot be bridged. And the story ends with a somewhat depressing but not unaffected emotional request: I, the White Whale, could only wonder if there would ever come a day when man and whale would understand each other, finding harmony in the vastness of the ocean’s embrace. 41. Why does the author quote Herman Melville? A. To reveal the possibility of whales’ talking. B. To present the popularity of whales in literature. C. To highlight the value of voices in making a living. D. To prove communication system is unique to humans. 42. What can we learn from this passage? A. Living in agreement with nature is well underway. B. The author may believe Skinner more than Chomsky. C. AI chatbots have a big advantage over humans in writing. D. CETI was set up to prove other intelligent creatures exist. 43. What does the author intend to tell us? A. Humans can correct their mistake when they know it. B. Humans are too stubborn to understand other species. C. To figure out whether other animals have languages is urgent. D. We need cross language barriers to get through to other species. 44. Which of the following would be the best title for this passage? A. Look Ahead: How Are Humans’ Behaviours Affecting the Nature? B. Talk to Them: Can We Be Equipped to Speak to Another Species? C. Think Again: What contribution Will AI Make to Animals’ Survival? D. Reflect on Ourselves: Are Other Animals Seen as inferior to Humans? 【答案】41. A 42. B 43. D 44. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了人类是否能够与其他物种（如抹香鲸）进行交流，并探讨了跨物种交流的可能性和重要性。 【41题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Beale believed sperm whales to be silent. Herman Melville relied heavily on Beale in composing Moly-Dick. “The whale has no voice,” Melville wrote. “But then again,” he went on, “what has the whale to say? Seldom have I sperm whale known any profound being that had anything to say to this world, unless forced to speak out something by way of getting a living.” (比尔认为抹香鲸是沉默的。赫尔曼·梅尔维尔在创作《白鲸记》时大量借鉴了比尔的观点。“鲸鱼没有声音，”梅尔维尔写道。“但话说回来，”他接着说，“鲸鱼有什么要说的呢？我很少知道有哪头抹香鲸对这个世界有什么要说的，除非是为了谋生而被迫说出些什么。”)”可知，作者引用梅尔维尔的话，先借其观点引出“鲸鱼无声”的传统认知，再通过转折暗示鲸鱼可能有未被理解的交流方式，从而揭示鲸鱼说话的可能性。故选A。 【42题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“The question of whether any species possesses a “communication system” comparable to that of humans is an open and much debated one. In the 1950s, the behaviorist B. F. Skinner argued that children learn language through positive reinforcement; therefore, other animals should be able to do the same. The linguist Noam Chomsky had a different view. He dismissed the notion that kids acquire language via conditioning, and also the possibility that language was available to other species. (关于是否有任何物种拥有与人类相当的“交流系统”这一问题，目前仍是一个开放且备受争议的话题。20世纪50年代，行为主义者B. F. Skinner认为，孩子们通过正面强化来学习语言；因此，其他动物也应该能够做到这一点。然而，语言学家Noam Chomsky则持有不同观点。他否定了孩子们通过条件反射习得语言的观念，也否定了其他物种拥有语言的可能性。)”以及第六段“AI shares this hope. Or at least the AI-powered language model is smart enough to express it. Not long ago, suffering from writer’s block, I asked an AI chatbot if it could rewrite Moby-Dick from the whale’s perspective. (人工智能也怀揣着同样的愿景——至少AI语言模型足够智能去表达这一点。不久前，我受困于写作瓶颈，让AI聊天机器人从鲸鱼视角重写《白鲸记》。)”、倒数第三段“Deep in the sea, I longed to communicate with the captain, to show him that my kind, too, had emotions and families to protect. But the language barrier between our worlds remained a gap that cannot be bridged. (在深海中，我渴望与船长沟通，想让他知道我的族群也有情感，也有需要守护的家庭。但我们两个世界间的语言屏障，仍是一道无法跨越的天堑。)”、最后一段中“I, the White Whale, could only wonder if there would ever come a day when man and whale would understand each other, finding harmony in the vastness of the ocean’s embrace. (我，白鲸，只能想知道是否有一天人类和鲸鱼能够相互理解，在海洋的广阔怀抱中找到和谐。)”可知，作者可能更相信Skinner而不是Chomsky，认为鲸鱼能习得语言，与人类沟通。故选B。 【43题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Deep in the sea, I longed to communicate with the captain, to show him that my kind, too, had emotions and families to protect. But the language barrier between our worlds remained a gap that cannot be bridged. (在深海中，我渴望与船长沟通，想让他知道我的族群也有情感，也有需要守护的家庭。但我们两个世界间的语言屏障，仍是一道无法跨越的天堑。)”、最后一段 “I, the White Whale, could only wonder if there would ever come a day when man and whale would understand each other, finding harmony in the vastness of the ocean’s embrace. (我，白鲸，只能想知道是否有一天人类和鲸鱼能够相互理解，在海洋的广阔怀抱中找到和谐。)”可知，作者想要告诉我们的是，我们需要跨越语言障碍，去理解其他物种，与它们和谐共处。故选D。 【44题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段“I, the White Whale, could only wonder if there would ever come a day when man and whale would understand each other, finding harmony in the vastness of the ocean’s embrace.(我，白鲸，只能想知道是否有一天人类和鲸鱼能够相互理解，在海洋的广阔怀抱中找到和谐。)”可知，文章主要讨论了人类是否能够与其他物种进行交流的问题，因此B选项“Talk to Them: Can We Be Equipped to Speak to Another Species? (与它们交谈：我们能否具备与另一种物种对话的能力？)”作为文章标题最合适。故选B。 第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，共10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Sometimes it helps to have a “poker face”, an expression on your face that does not show what you are thinking or feeling. ____45____ Our research shows that moving your face in some way may help people warm to you more. To understand why facial expressivity is so beneficial, we first need to emphasise just how crucial social bonding is to human survival. Throughout most of our evolutionary history, our species has relied on tight-knit communities to keep ourselves fed, sheltered, and protected from dangerous outsiders. ____46____ Any skill or behaviour that improved someone’s ability to create and maintain lifesaving bonds was likely to exist in our gene pool over the generations. And our research suggests that facial expressivity may fall in this category. ____47____ Imagine meeting someone new and trying to figure out how good a fit they might be as a friend, or a colleague. You might wonder whether you can trust them, and whether you can even begin to understand each other. Someone who is easier to read may seem to be more appealing than someone who is more guarded. Simply put, being facially expressive may give others a sense that they understand you, which they like. This in turn supports the suggestion that the key function of facial expressivity is to make us more predictable. Furthermore, we found that participants’ level of expressivity didn’t change across situations or with different social partners. This finding may leave you wondering why some people remain comparatively inexpressive across situations. ____48____ And there could be alternative routes to being an attractive social partner. Clearly, regardless of how expressive we tend to be overall, we can also make choices about sharing more of ourselves in certain situations. Being more open and expressive may be scary — leaving people easy to be hurt. ____49____ So for now we think it’s best to leave your poker face at the card table. A. However, our work shows that it comes with rewards. B. Managing social relationships was a matter of life or death. C. Interestingly, more agreeable people were more facially expressive. D. For some, the costs of revealing oneself may outweigh the benefits. E. You might guess that people with cheerful expressions are best liked. F. Why would facial expressivity improve someone’s ability to build social bonds? G. Yet, in day-to-day life, when socializing, you’d better let your facial features fly free. 【答案】45. G 46. B 47. F 48. D 49. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了面部表情在社交互动中的重要性，指出面部表情丰富有助于建立和维持社交关系。 【45题详解】 由上文“Sometimes it helps to have a “poker face”, an expression on your face that does not show what you are thinking or feeling. (有时候，拥有一张“扑克脸”是有帮助的，这是一种不会显示出你在想什么或感觉什么的表情。)”及下文“Our research shows that moving your face in some way may help people warm to you more. (我们的研究表明，以某种方式移动你的脸可能有助于人们更加喜欢你。)”可知，这里需要一个句子来转折，引出面部表情丰富的好处。G选项“Yet, in day-to-day life, when socializing, you’d better let your facial features fly free. (然而，在日常生活中，当社交时，你最好让你的面部表情自由展现。)”是对上文“扑克脸”的转折，并引出下文关于面部表情丰富的好处，符合题意。故选G。 【46题详解】 由上文“Throughout most of our evolutionary history, our species has relied on tight-knit communities to keep ourselves fed, sheltered, and protected from dangerous outsiders. (在我们进化历史的大部分时间里，我们的物种都依赖紧密的社区来获取食物、庇护和保护自己免受危险的外来者的侵害。)”及下文“Any skill or behaviour that improved someone’s ability to create and maintain lifesaving bonds was likely to exist in our gene pool over the generations. (任何能够提高某人建立和维持救命关系的能力的技能或行为，都有可能在我们的基因库中代代相传。)”可知，本空应强调社交关系对人类生存的重要性。B选项“Managing social relationships was a matter of life or death. (管理社交关系是生死攸关的事情。)”是对上文内容的总结，并引出下文关于社交技能的重要性，符合题意。故选B。 【47题详解】 由下文“Imagine meeting someone new and trying to figure out how good a fit they might be as a friend, or a colleague. You might wonder whether you can trust them, and whether you can even begin to understand each other. Someone who is easier to read may seem to be more appealing than someone who is more guarded. Simply put, being facially expressive may give others a sense that they understand you, which they like. This in turn supports the suggestion that the key function of facial expressivity is to make us more predictable. (想象一下，你遇到一个新朋友或同事，试图弄清楚他们是否适合做朋友或同事。你可能会怀疑自己是否能信任他们，甚至是否能开始理解对方。一个更容易读懂的人可能比一个更谨慎的人更有吸引力。简而言之，面部表情丰富可能会让别人觉得他们理解你，这是他们喜欢的。这反过来又支持了这样一种观点，即面部表情的主要功能是使我们更可预测。)”可知，本空应强调面部表情与建立社交的关系。F选项“Why would facial expressivity improve someone’s ability to build social bonds? (为什么面部表情丰富会提高某人建立社交关系的能力？)”是用设问的方式概括本段主题，符合题意。故选F。 【48题详解】 由上文“Furthermore, we found that participants’ level of expressivity didn’t change across situations or with different social partners. This finding may leave you wondering why some people remain comparatively inexpressive across situations. (此外，我们发现参与者的表情丰富程度在不同情境或与不同社交伙伴相处时并没有变化。这一发现可能会让你想知道为什么有些人在不同情况下仍然相对缺乏表情。)”及下文“And there could be alternative routes to being an attractive social partner. (而且，成为有吸引力的社交伙伴可能有其他途径。)”可知，本空应解释为什么有些人在不同情况下仍然缺乏表情。D选项“For some, the costs of revealing oneself may outweigh the benefits. (对一些人来说，暴露自己的代价可能超过了好处。)”是对上文问题的解释，并引出下文关于成为有吸引力的社交伙伴的其他途径，符合题意。故选D。 【49题详解】 由上文“Clearly, regardless of how expressive we tend to be overall, we can also make choices about sharing more of ourselves in certain situations. Being more open and expressive may be scary—leaving people easy to be hurt. (显然，无论我们总体上倾向于多么富有表情，我们也可以选择在某些情况下更多地分享自己。更加开放和表达可能会让人害怕——容易让人受伤。)”及下文“So for now we think it’s best to leave your poker face at the card table. (所以目前我们认为最好还是把扑克脸留在牌桌上。)”可知，本空应转折说明尽管开放表达有风险，但仍有其价值。A选项“However, our work shows that it comes with rewards. (然而，我们的研究表明，它也有回报。)”可知，这里的it指的是上文的“Being more open and expressive”，虽然开放和表达有风险，但也有回报，符合题意。故选A。 第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32分) 第一节(共4小题；第50、51题各2分、第52题3分，第53题5分，共12分) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Every year, as birds make their journeys hundreds — sometimes thousands — of miles across whole continents, they attract the attention of bird-watchers. People gather along wetlands and shorelines, cold hands holding their telescopes and excitement growing in their stomachs. For outsiders of bird-watching, a bird-watcher is usually someone from an older generation, such as an old grandma sitting at her feeder looking at different birds. However, according to the National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated recreation, there were 4.7 million young bird-watchers in 2016 and 10. 8 million in 2022. Why exactly has this rapid growth happened? Technology may be the real gateway these days. Families might introduce young people to bird-watching, but apps and social media networks are helping them keep up their commitment to the hobby. Once interested, teenagers find the benefits of bird-watching are truly noticeable: it helps them get access to the traditional recreation and broadens their understanding of ecosystems. Teenage bird-watchers are finding their own digital way into a very traditional and meaningful activity. Sadie Cosby, a 17-year-old senior in Richmond, recognizes the appeal of online bird-watching platforms. She’s even part of a unique online chat group that sends messages when there is a rare bird in the area. Although Cosby says she prefers to bird-watch alone and uses it as a way to disconnect, she also enjoys being connected to other bird-watchers online. “I think because we’re kind of the smartphone generation, it’s easier for us to relate to bird-watching through all of the platforms,” says Cosby. Cosby is just a member of a much larger and closely networked community of young bird-watchers. And though they share much in common with older generations of bird-watchers when it comes to their passion for and enjoyment of the hobby, they also have a distinct advantage over the elders: being better at using digital tools to improve their bird-watching experience. 50. For outsiders of bird-watching, what kind of person is usually a bird-watcher? _____________________________________________________________ 51. What are the benefits of bird-watching for teenagers? _____________________________________________________________ 52. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ➢Young bird-watchers share much in common with the elders in terms of their passion for and enjoyment of the hobby, but the elders hold a clear advantage over the young. _____________________________________________________________ 53. Besides bird-watching, what other hobby would you like to develop in Cosby’s way? And how can you develop it? (In about 40 words) _____________________________________________________________ 【答案】50. A bird-watcher is usually someone from an older generation. 51. It helps them get access to the traditional recreation and broadens their understanding of ecosystems. 52. Young bird-watchers share much in common with the elders in terms of their passion for and enjoyment of the hobby, but the elders hold a clear advantage over the young. Because they have a distinct advantage over the elders: being better at using digital tools to improve their bird-watching experience. 53. I would like to develop the hobby of photography in Cosby’s way. I can join online photography communities, share my works and techniques with others, and use digital tools like image editing software to enhance my photography skills. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了观鸟活动在年轻人中兴起及其原因和影响。 【50题详解】 考查细节理解。由文章第二段中“For outsiders of bird-watching, a bird-watcher is usually someone from an older generation, such as an old grandma sitting at her feeder looking at different birds. (对于不观鸟的人来说，观鸟者通常是老一辈的人，比如坐在喂食器前看不同鸟类的老奶奶。)”可知，对于不观鸟的人来说，观鸟者通常是老一辈的人。故答案为：A bird-watcher is usually someone from an older generation. 【51题详解】 考查细节理解。由文章第三段中“Once interested, teenagers find the benefits of bird-watching are truly noticeable: it helps them get access to the traditional recreation and broadens their understanding of ecosystems. (一旦感兴趣，青少年就会发现观鸟的好处确实很明显：它帮助他们接触到传统娱乐活动，并拓宽他们对生态系统的理解。)”可知，观鸟对青少年的好处是帮助他们接触到传统娱乐活动，并拓宽他们对生态系统的理解。故答案为：It helps them get access to the traditional recreation and broadens their understanding of ecosystems. 【52题详解】 考查细节理解。由文章最后一段中“And though they share much in common with older generations of bird-watchers when it comes to their passion for and enjoyment of the hobby, they also have a distinct advantage over the elders: being better at using digital tools to improve their bird-watching experience. (尽管在他们对这项爱好的热情和享受方面，他们与老一辈的观鸟者有很多共同之处，但他们也有一个明显的优势：更善于使用数字工具来改善他们的观鸟体验。)”可知，年轻观鸟者比老一辈的观鸟者更善于使用数字工具来改善他们的观鸟体验，而不是“the elders hold a clear advantage over the young (老一辈的观鸟者比年轻的观鸟者有明显的优势)”。故答案为：Young bird-watchers share much in common with the elders in terms of their passion for and enjoyment of the hobby, but the elders hold a clear advantage over the young. Because they have a distinct advantage over the elders: being better at using digital tools to improve their bird-watching experience. 【53题详解】 开放性题目，此题要求回答：除了观鸟，你还想在考斯比的道路上发展什么爱好？你如何开发它？答案不唯一，合理即可。例如：我想以科斯比的方式培养摄影这一爱好。我可以加入在线摄影社群，和其他人分享我的作品与拍摄技巧，还能利用图像编辑软件等数字工具来提升我的摄影水平。故答案为：I would like to develop the hobby of photography in Cosby’s way. I can join online photography communities, share my works and techniques with others, and use digital tools like image editing software to enhance my photography skills. 第二节(20分) 54. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华，你的外国好友Jim正在组织“AI‘复活’有积极影响力的伟大人物”的活动，他发来邮件邀请你参加。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括： 1. 简要介绍你想“复活”的人； 2. 说明你想“复活”他/她的理由。 提示词：复活bring... back to life 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】 Dear Jim, I’m thrilled to receive your invitation to the “Bring Great Figures Back to Life with AI” activity. I’d love to take part in it. I want to bring Marie Curie back to life. She was a remarkable scientist who discovered radium and polonium. What I admire most is that she devoted herself to science despite facing many difficulties. The reason why I choose her is that her spirit of perseverance and dedication can inspire us students. We know that she is the person who never gave up even when experiments failed. Her achievements also show us that women can excel in science, which encourages more girls to pursue their scientific dreams. Looking forward to your reply! Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给外国好友Jim回邮件，介绍想通过AI“复活”的伟大人物并说明“复活”理由。 【详解】1.词汇积累 非凡的：remarkable → outstanding 钦佩：admire → respect 选择：choose → select 激励：inspire → motivate 2.句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：I’m thrilled to receive your invitation to the “Bring Great Figures Back to Life with AI” activity. 拓展句： When receiving your invitation to the “Bring Great Figures Back to Life with AI” activity, I feel thrilled. 【点睛】【高分句型1】She was a remarkable scientist who discovered radium and polonium.（运用了who引导的非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】What I admire most is that she devoted herself to science despite facing many difficulties.（运用了What引导的主语从句、that引导的表语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $