Unit 1 Period 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas（分层作业）英语外研版2019必修第二册

Unit 1 Period 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas分层练习 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 一、将下列短语翻译为英文。 1．__________________ (尤指短时间内)喜欢上；养成(做)……的习惯 2．__________________ 患……病；受……折磨 3．__________________ 偶然遇见；碰见 4．__________________ 使某人想起…… 5．__________________ (和……在一起)感到自在 6．__________________ 火锅 7．__________________ 萝卜青菜各有所爱 8．__________________ 中医 9．__________________ 鼓起勇气做…… 10．_________________ 尝一口 二、根据句意及汉语提示写出单词。 1.When we have an opportunity to choose our favorite clubs, there will be a wide ___________ (种类) of them. 2.Frankly speaking, my ___________(观点) is not as yours at all. 3.As informed, we will ______________(聚集) at school gate at 7:00 tomorrow. 4.It is said that the fierce tiger ______________(咬) a visitor. 5. No one but Jerry can bear that ______________ (糟糕的) conditions. 6. ______________(有朝一日) he may be fired if she doesn't work hard. 7. Diamond is a ______________(象征) of permanence(永恒). 8.How ______________(胆敢) you ask your parents to go out. 9. Have you heard that they will put off their______________ (婚礼) due to the pandemic. 10.It is not ______________(典型的) for June to snow. 三、单句语法填空。 1. ______________ (bite) again, I dare not go to Tom’s home. 2. It was typical ______________her to come back home so early. 3. The gun is often considered a symbol ______________ war. 4. You should sort ______________ the useful information from the book. 5. She had a car accident a year ago and suffered ______________backache from then on. 6. ______________my opinion, developing good habits of learning is very important and necessary. 7. Thrilled by the story, the girl didn't dare ______________(sleep) alone in her room. 8.Thanks ______________your timely help, I got used to the life there soon. 9.All of them looked at me, and I felt ______________( horrible ) embarrassed. 10.It is unclear whether she can come to their ______________(wed) next month. 11. When we asked about her ______________( marry)，she made no reply. 12. ______________( suffer) too much from disease, she finally chose to suicide. 13.We should choose another method to keep us free from the ______________( poison) insect's attack. 四、根据汉语意思完成句子 1.站在楼顶上，我们能看见整座城市。 ________________________________________________________we can see the whole city. 2. Jenny今天很伤心，肯定是受到了批评。 Jenny__________________________________________ for she is very upset today . 3.虽然我尽力尝试了,但是还是不能使他改变主意。 Though I tried hard, he still ____________________________his mind. 4.我们的新音乐老师布朗先生对我们很好。 Mr. Brown, __________________________________________, is very friendly to us 5.自从他离职后,他一直很抑郁。 He’s been depressed ____________________________he got fired. 五、语法填空 On the first day at my senior high, I woke up early and rushed out of the door in my 1.________ ( eager ) in order to get to know my new school. I was excited and decided 2._______ ( explore ) it ! During my English class, Mr Meng, our English teacher asked us to introduce 3._______( we ) to the class one by one, and he went first . But I was too nervous to pay attention, 4.______(wonder) how I could make my first 5._______(impress ). I 6.______( organise ) my words when my turn came. Hearing my self- introduction, everyone in my class burst out laughing, which put me in panic. However, my teacher said,“ Nice to know we share the same name.” I was a bit embarrassed, but his words made me 7._______( relax ). Then, Mr. Meng explained, “ Challenges like this might sometimes put you 58._______ pressure, But it all 9,_______( depend ) on what you do.” Finally, he encouraged us to keep calm and be prepared so as to make 10._____most of the time at senior high. 1.___________ 2._________ 3._________ 4 _________ 5_________ 6. __________　7._________ 8._________ 9. _________ 10._________ 六、阅读理解 （24-25高一下·江苏常州·期末）Fast food has become our common partner in the modern life. But we may be unaware of how it is reshaping our culture and the way we interact in society. Fast food has been gradually replacing the traditional family meal. Dinner used to be a time to slow down, when kids learned from their parents. Today, quality has given way to speed. The phrase “fast-food culture” extends beyond meals — it represents a way of life where patience has become a thing of the past. In addition, the global spread of fast food has led to sameness across borders. Fast food chains offer almost the same menu whether you’re in Mumbai or Miami. They’re like a bulldozer (推土机). It flattens varied cooking traditions and replaces them with a one-size-fits-all offering. Fast food, despite its convenience, often comes at a cost. Fast-food chains are often found in lower-income neighborhoods. This has created “food deserts” areas where affordable, healthy food is limited. The result is a vicious cycle (恶性循环). Those who can least afford the health impacts of bad eating habits end up eating the most fast food. When people say you are what you eat, it’s not just about physical health. It’s also about the social structures. Fast-food culture worsens the unfairness already present in our society. We may not be able to completely avoid fast food. After all, it has its place in a modern, fast- paced world. However, recognizing its harm to health and social structures is the first step towards change. It’s time we treated food as more than just a short stop to rest and eat in our busy day. Its meaning lies in the richness of our traditions, the diversity of our cultures, and the relationships we develop. Let’s not let fast food take this away from us. 1．What does “fast-food culture” represent? A．A way of slow life. B．A lack of patience. C．A focus on quality. D．A return to traditions. 2．Why does the author compare fast-food chains to a bulldozer? A．They reduce food cultural diversity. B．They develop better eating habits. C．They promote local food traditions. D．They gain worldwide popularity. 3．What does the underlined phrase “a vicious cycle” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A．Poor people eat more fast food. B．Healthy food becomes expensive. C．The gap between rich and poor widens. D．Fast food does harm to physical health. 4．What’s the author’s attitude towards fast food? A．Completely negative and viewing it dangerous. B．Extremely doubtful and not caring about it. C．Supportive but warning of its harmful effects. D．Concerned but recognizing its practical value. 七、七选五 （24-25高二下·安徽阜阳·阶段练习）For hundreds of years, possibly much longer, hot pot has always been one of China’s most popular foods. It is so popular that people joke any problem can be solved over hot pot. With a hot pot, you can put in any ingredient (食材) that you like. The same pot can serve meals to all the people sitting around the table. No one is left out, and everyone gets to eat as much or as little as they want. 1 The fire from a hot pot can melt just about any icy disagreement and warm just about any heart. Perhaps the most popular kind of hot pot is Sichuan hot pot, with its spicy red peppers. What makes Sichuan hot pot different from other hot pots is the use of huajiao. 2 It also has the strange effect of making the red peppers taste even hotter. Nearly as famous as Sichuan hot pot is Beijing hot pot. Beijing hot pot uses lamb and many of the same ingredients as Sichuan hot pot, but has a lighter taste. The Northeast Chinese hot pot usually contains pork and pickled cabbage, while Guangdong hot pot uses a chicken or a fish broth (汤底). 3 In every city and town in China, there are hot pot restaurants crowded with people eating, talking and laughing. 4 You can choose your own favorite ingredients. 5 First, buy a Chinese hot pot broth mix from an Asian market. And you need a large pot. More importantly, you need to have some friends to share your food with. A．This spice is mouth-numbing. B．Even in the West, you can easily make it. C．And it is easy to cook hot pot in your own house. D．It is almost the representative of Chinese hot pot. E．Sichuan food is famous for its red peppers and huajiao. F．It is known for its wide range of ingredients, including seafood. G．This shows the Chinese cultural values of openness and sharing. 八、完形填空 （24-25高一下·上海·期末）Ultra-Processed Food Could Be Taking Years off Your Life They’re cheap, convenient, and engineered to taste oddly delicious — but new research suggests that eating a diet high in ultra-processed food could quietly increase your risk of dying years earlier than expected. A massive international study published this week in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine analyzed data from more than 240,000 adults across eight countries and found a clear 1 between diets high in ultra-processed foods and premature death. Specifically, the researchers estimated that in the. U. S., up to 14% of all early deaths — defined as dying between ages 30 and 69 — could be 2 to these types of foods. “The findings support that ultra-processed food 3 contributes significantly to the overall burden of disease in many countries,” the researchers wrote, adding that reducing these foods should be part of public health policy. That might sound 4 , but it tracks with what nutrition experts have been saying for years. Ultra-processed foods — packaged items loaded with additives, flavor enhancers, stabilizers, and preservatives — 5 about 70% of the modern food supply. That includes chips, sodas, frozen meals, sugary cereals, protein bars, and even many items that look healthy on the surface. “These are foods that definitely don’t exist in nature by themselves,” said dietitian Scott Keatley, R. D．, explaining that they’re built for shelf life and addictive flavor, not 6 . Beyond the lack of vitamins or fiber, ultra-processed foods tend to 7 out whole foods that actually support health. According to Keatley, this dietary shift 8 the risk of chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, visceral fat buildup, and DNA damage — factors that are all linked to heart disease, cancer, and type 2 diabetes. “Over time, the cumulative (累积的) damage can 9 years off a lifespan,” he said, “especially in people who are already metabolically vulnerable.” That doesn’t mean you have to live on kale (羽衣甘蓝) and salmon forever. Dietitian Jessica Cording, R. D．, recommends a balanced 85/15 10 . This means eating mostly whole foods, while still leaving room for 11 processed options. “It’s not 12 that the foods are a one-way ticket to early death,” she said. “But it’s more like there are things that happen because of them.” Even within the ultra-processed 13 , some choices are better than others. A fortified (营养强化的) plant milk or a low-sugar protein bar is miles better than a sleeve of frosted pastries. But nutritionists agree: chips, soda, and frozen desserts shouldn't be your main dietary 14 . 15 , what you eat most often — not occasionally — is what ends up shaping your long-term health. 1．A．contrast B．sign C．fault D．connection 2．A．attributed. B．submitted C．distributed D．restricted 3．A．production B．intake C．transport D．storage 4．A．dramatic B．appealing C．selective D．established 5．A．put up B．bring up C．make up D．push up 6．A．calorie B．nutrition C．contribution D．satisfaction 7．A．crowd B．run C．burn D．work 8．A．maps B．marks C．raises D．ruins 9．A．add B．drive C．pick D．shave 10．A．conclusion B．procedure C．gap D．approach 11．A．occasional B．multiple C．complex D．eventual 12．A．originally B．deliberately C．practically D．essentially 13．A．schedule B．category C．reach D．program 14．A．requests B．channels C．characters D．directions 15．A．In turn B．After all C．To conclude D．On purpose 1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 1 Period 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas分层练习 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 一、将下列短语翻译为英文。 1．__________________ (尤指短时间内)喜欢上；养成(做)……的习惯 2．__________________ 患……病；受……折磨 3．__________________ 偶然遇见；碰见 4．__________________ 使某人想起…… 5．__________________ (和……在一起)感到自在 6．__________________ 火锅 7．__________________ 萝卜青菜各有所爱 8．__________________ 中医 9．__________________ 鼓起勇气做…… 10．_________________ 尝一口 【答案】 1.take to doing 2. suffer from 3.come across 4. remind... of 5.feel at home with 6.hot pot 7.one man’s meat is another man’s poison 8.traditional Chinese medicine 9. gather one’s courage to do 10.take a bite 二、根据句意及汉语提示写出单词。 1.When we have an opportunity to choose our favorite clubs, there will be a wide ___________ (种类) of them. 2.Frankly speaking, my ___________(观点) is not as yours at all. 3.As informed, we will ______________(聚集) at school gate at 7:00 tomorrow. 4.It is said that the fierce tiger ______________(咬) a visitor. 5. No one but Jerry can bear that ______________ (糟糕的) conditions. 6. ______________(有朝一日) he may be fired if she doesn't work hard. 7. Diamond is a ______________(象征) of permanence(永恒). 8.How ______________(胆敢) you ask your parents to go out. 9. Have you heard that they will put off their______________ (婚礼) due to the pandemic. 10.It is not ______________(典型的) for June to snow. 【答案】 1.sorts 2.opinion 3.gathered 4.bit 5.horrible 6.someday 7.symbol 8.dare 9. wedding 10.typical 三、单句语法填空。 1. ______________ (bite) again, I dare not go to Tom’s home. 2. It was typical ______________her to come back home so early. 3. The gun is often considered a symbol ______________ war. 4. You should sort ______________ the useful information from the book. 5. She had a car accident a year ago and suffered ______________backache from then on. 6. ______________my opinion, developing good habits of learning is very important and necessary. 7. Thrilled by the story, the girl didn't dare ______________(sleep) alone in her room. 8.Thanks ______________your timely help, I got used to the life there soon. 9.All of them looked at me, and I felt ______________( horrible ) embarrassed. 10.It is unclear whether she can come to their ______________(wed) next month. 11. When we asked about her ______________( marry)，she made no reply. 12. ______________( suffer) too much from disease, she finally chose to suicide. 13.We should choose another method to keep us free from the ______________( poison) insect's attack. 【答案】 l. Bitten 2.of 3.of 4.out 5.from 6.In 7.to sleep 8.to 9.horribly 10.wedding 11.marriage 12.suffering 13.poisonous 四、根据汉语意思完成句子 1.站在楼顶上，我们能看见整座城市。 ________________________________________________________we can see the whole city. 2. Jenny今天很伤心，肯定是受到了批评。 Jenny__________________________________________ for she is very upset today . 3.虽然我尽力尝试了,但是还是不能使他改变主意。 Though I tried hard, he still ____________________________his mind. 4.我们的新音乐老师布朗先生对我们很好。 Mr. Brown, __________________________________________, is very friendly to us 5.自从他离职后,他一直很抑郁。 He’s been depressed ____________________________he got fired. 【答案】 1.Standing on the top of the building 2. must have been criticised 3.make him change 4.our new music teacher 5.ever since 五、语法填空 On the first day at my senior high, I woke up early and rushed out of the door in my 1.________ ( eager ) in order to get to know my new school. I was excited and decided 2._______ ( explore ) it ! During my English class, Mr Meng, our English teacher asked us to introduce 3._______( we ) to the class one by one, and he went first . But I was too nervous to pay attention, 4.______(wonder) how I could make my first 5._______(impress ). I 6.______( organise ) my words when my turn came. Hearing my self- introduction, everyone in my class burst out laughing, which put me in panic. However, my teacher said,“ Nice to know we share the same name.” I was a bit embarrassed, but his words made me 7._______( relax ). Then, Mr. Meng explained, “ Challenges like this might sometimes put you 58._______ pressure, But it all 9,_______( depend ) on what you do.” Finally, he encouraged us to keep calm and be prepared so as to make 10._____most of the time at senior high. 1.___________ 2._________ 3._________ 4 _________ 5_________ 6. __________　7._________ 8._________ 9. _________ 10._________ 【答案】 1. eagerness 2. to explore 3.ourselves 4.wondering 5. impression 6. was organising 7.relaxed 8.under 9.depends 10. the 六、阅读理解 （24-25高一下·江苏常州·期末）Fast food has become our common partner in the modern life. But we may be unaware of how it is reshaping our culture and the way we interact in society. Fast food has been gradually replacing the traditional family meal. Dinner used to be a time to slow down, when kids learned from their parents. Today, quality has given way to speed. The phrase “fast-food culture” extends beyond meals — it represents a way of life where patience has become a thing of the past. In addition, the global spread of fast food has led to sameness across borders. Fast food chains offer almost the same menu whether you’re in Mumbai or Miami. They’re like a bulldozer (推土机). It flattens varied cooking traditions and replaces them with a one-size-fits-all offering. Fast food, despite its convenience, often comes at a cost. Fast-food chains are often found in lower-income neighborhoods. This has created “food deserts” areas where affordable, healthy food is limited. The result is a vicious cycle (恶性循环). Those who can least afford the health impacts of bad eating habits end up eating the most fast food. When people say you are what you eat, it’s not just about physical health. It’s also about the social structures. Fast-food culture worsens the unfairness already present in our society. We may not be able to completely avoid fast food. After all, it has its place in a modern, fast- paced world. However, recognizing its harm to health and social structures is the first step towards change. It’s time we treated food as more than just a short stop to rest and eat in our busy day. Its meaning lies in the richness of our traditions, the diversity of our cultures, and the relationships we develop. Let’s not let fast food take this away from us. 1．What does “fast-food culture” represent? A．A way of slow life. B．A lack of patience. C．A focus on quality. D．A return to traditions. 2．Why does the author compare fast-food chains to a bulldozer? A．They reduce food cultural diversity. B．They develop better eating habits. C．They promote local food traditions. D．They gain worldwide popularity. 3．What does the underlined phrase “a vicious cycle” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A．Poor people eat more fast food. B．Healthy food becomes expensive. C．The gap between rich and poor widens. D．Fast food does harm to physical health. 4．What’s the author’s attitude towards fast food? A．Completely negative and viewing it dangerous. B．Extremely doubtful and not caring about it. C．Supportive but warning of its harmful effects. D．Concerned but recognizing its practical value. 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了快餐文化正重塑生活方式、削弱文化多样性并加剧社会不公，呼吁重视其负面影响。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“The phrase “fast-food culture” extends beyond meals — it represents a way of life where patience has become a thing of the past. (“快餐文化”一词不仅仅局限于餐饮——它代表了一种生活方式，在这种生活方式中，耐心已经成为过去。)”可知，“快餐文化”代表着缺乏耐心。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“They’re like a bulldozer (推土机). It flattens varied cooking traditions and replaces them with a one-size-fits-all offering. (它们就像推土机一样。它抹平了各种各样的烹饪传统，取而代之的是一刀切的做法。)”可知，作者将快餐连锁店比作推土机是因为它们减少了食物文化的多样性。故选A项。 3．词句猜测题。根据第四段“This has created “food deserts” areas where affordable, healthy food is limited. The result is a vicious cycle (恶性循环). Those who can least afford the health impacts of bad eating habits end up eating the most fast food. (这造成了“食物荒漠”——人们很难获得负担得起的健康食品。其结果是一个a vicious cycle。那些最负担不起不良饮食习惯对健康影响的人最终却吃了最多的快餐。)”可知，由于很难获得负担得起的健康食品，最负担不起不良饮食习惯对健康影响的人，即穷人最终却吃了最多的快餐，从而进一步危害健康，由此可推知，a vicious cycle指的是“穷人吃更多的快餐”。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“We may not be able to completely avoid fast food. After all, it has its place in a modern, fast- paced world. However, recognizing its harm to health and social structures is the first step towards change. (我们可能无法完全避免快餐。毕竟，它在现代快节奏的世界中有一席之地。然而，认识到它对健康和社会结构的危害是改变的第一步。)”可知，作者认为快餐在现代快节奏的世界中有一席之地，但同时也认识到它对健康和社会结构的危害，由此可推知，作者对快餐的态度是“既担忧又认可其实用价值”。故选D项。 七、七选五 （24-25高二下·安徽阜阳·阶段练习）For hundreds of years, possibly much longer, hot pot has always been one of China’s most popular foods. It is so popular that people joke any problem can be solved over hot pot. With a hot pot, you can put in any ingredient (食材) that you like. The same pot can serve meals to all the people sitting around the table. No one is left out, and everyone gets to eat as much or as little as they want. 1 The fire from a hot pot can melt just about any icy disagreement and warm just about any heart. Perhaps the most popular kind of hot pot is Sichuan hot pot, with its spicy red peppers. What makes Sichuan hot pot different from other hot pots is the use of huajiao. 2 It also has the strange effect of making the red peppers taste even hotter. Nearly as famous as Sichuan hot pot is Beijing hot pot. Beijing hot pot uses lamb and many of the same ingredients as Sichuan hot pot, but has a lighter taste. The Northeast Chinese hot pot usually contains pork and pickled cabbage, while Guangdong hot pot uses a chicken or a fish broth (汤底). 3 In every city and town in China, there are hot pot restaurants crowded with people eating, talking and laughing. 4 You can choose your own favorite ingredients. 5 First, buy a Chinese hot pot broth mix from an Asian market. And you need a large pot. More importantly, you need to have some friends to share your food with. A．This spice is mouth-numbing. B．Even in the West, you can easily make it. C．And it is easy to cook hot pot in your own house. D．It is almost the representative of Chinese hot pot. E．Sichuan food is famous for its red peppers and huajiao. F．It is known for its wide range of ingredients, including seafood. G．This shows the Chinese cultural values of openness and sharing. 【答案】 1．G 2．A 3．F 4．C 5．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国火锅的受欢迎程度、不同种类的火锅及其特点，以及如何在家中制作火锅。 1．上文“With a hot pot, you can put in any ingredient that you like. The same pot can serve meals to all the people sitting around the table. No one is left out, and everyone gets to eat as much or as little as they want.(有了火锅，你可以放入任何你喜欢的食材。同一个锅可以为所有坐在桌子旁的人提供食物。没有人被落下，每个人都可以根据自己的喜好吃多吃少。)”体现了火锅的开放性和共享性，与选项G“这体现了中国人开放和分享的文化价值观”相呼应，选项G中的“This”指代前文提到的火锅的特点，即“同一个锅可以为所有坐在桌子旁的人提供食物，没有人被落下”。故选G。 2．根据上文“What makes Sichuan hot pot different from other hot pots is the use of huajiao.(使四川火锅与其他火锅不同的是花椒的使用。)”可知，此空应描述花椒的特点，选项A“这种香料会使人嘴巴发麻”符合语境，且选项A中的“This spice”指代前文提到的“huajiao”，即花椒。故选A。 3．根据上文“The Northeast Chinese hot pot usually contains pork and pickled cabbage, while Guangdong hot pot uses a chicken or a fish broth.(东北火锅通常含有猪肉和泡菜，而广东火锅则使用鸡汤或鱼汤作汤底。)”可知，此空应描述广东火锅的特点，选项F“它以其广泛的食材而闻名，包括海鲜”符合语境，且选项F中的“It”指代上文提到的“Guangdong hot pot”。故选F。 4．根据上文“In every city and town in China, there are hot pot restaurants crowded with people eating, talking and laughing.( 在中国的每个城市和城镇，都有火锅店挤满了吃饭、聊天和欢笑的人。)”和下文“You can choose your own favorite ingredients.(你可以选择自己喜欢的食材。)”可知，此空应描述在家中煮火锅的便利性，选项C“而且在自己家里煮火锅很容易”符合语境。故选C。 5．根据下文“First, buy a Chinese hot pot broth mix from an Asian market. And you need a large pot. More importantly, you need to have some friends to share your food with.(首先，从亚洲市场买一包中国火锅汤底混合料。你需要一个大锅。更重要的是，你需要一些朋友来分享你的食物。)”可知，此空应描述在西方也能轻松制作火锅，选项B“即使在西方，你也能很容易地做到”符合语境。故选B。 八、完形填空 （24-25高一下·上海·期末）Ultra-Processed Food Could Be Taking Years off Your Life They’re cheap, convenient, and engineered to taste oddly delicious — but new research suggests that eating a diet high in ultra-processed food could quietly increase your risk of dying years earlier than expected. A massive international study published this week in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine analyzed data from more than 240,000 adults across eight countries and found a clear 1 between diets high in ultra-processed foods and premature death. Specifically, the researchers estimated that in the. U. S., up to 14% of all early deaths — defined as dying between ages 30 and 69 — could be 2 to these types of foods. “The findings support that ultra-processed food 3 contributes significantly to the overall burden of disease in many countries,” the researchers wrote, adding that reducing these foods should be part of public health policy. That might sound 4 , but it tracks with what nutrition experts have been saying for years. Ultra-processed foods — packaged items loaded with additives, flavor enhancers, stabilizers, and preservatives — 5 about 70% of the modern food supply. That includes chips, sodas, frozen meals, sugary cereals, protein bars, and even many items that look healthy on the surface. “These are foods that definitely don’t exist in nature by themselves,” said dietitian Scott Keatley, R. D．, explaining that they’re built for shelf life and addictive flavor, not 6 . Beyond the lack of vitamins or fiber, ultra-processed foods tend to 7 out whole foods that actually support health. According to Keatley, this dietary shift 8 the risk of chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, visceral fat buildup, and DNA damage — factors that are all linked to heart disease, cancer, and type 2 diabetes. “Over time, the cumulative (累积的) damage can 9 years off a lifespan,” he said, “especially in people who are already metabolically vulnerable.” That doesn’t mean you have to live on kale (羽衣甘蓝) and salmon forever. Dietitian Jessica Cording, R. D．, recommends a balanced 85/15 10 . This means eating mostly whole foods, while still leaving room for 11 processed options. “It’s not 12 that the foods are a one-way ticket to early death,” she said. “But it’s more like there are things that happen because of them.” Even within the ultra-processed 13 , some choices are better than others. A fortified (营养强化的) plant milk or a low-sugar protein bar is miles better than a sleeve of frosted pastries. But nutritionists agree: chips, soda, and frozen desserts shouldn't be your main dietary 14 . 15 , what you eat most often — not occasionally — is what ends up shaping your long-term health. 1．A．contrast B．sign C．fault D．connection 2．A．attributed. B．submitted C．distributed D．restricted 3．A．production B．intake C．transport D．storage 4．A．dramatic B．appealing C．selective D．established 5．A．put up B．bring up C．make up D．push up 6．A．calorie B．nutrition C．contribution D．satisfaction 7．A．crowd B．run C．burn D．work 8．A．maps B．marks C．raises D．ruins 9．A．add B．drive C．pick D．shave 10．A．conclusion B．procedure C．gap D．approach 11．A．occasional B．multiple C．complex D．eventual 12．A．originally B．deliberately C．practically D．essentially 13．A．schedule B．category C．reach D．program 14．A．requests B．channels C．characters D．directions 15．A．In turn B．After all C．To conclude D．On purpose 【答案】 1．D 2．A 3．B 4．A 5．C 6．B 7．A 8．C 9．D 10．D 11．A 12．D 13．B 14．C 15．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是一项研究发现，食用大量超加工食品可能会增加早逝风险，营养专家建议以全食物为主，适量摄入加工食品，并指出长期饮食习惯对健康有决定性影响。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：本周发表在《美国预防医学杂志》上的一项大规模国际研究分析了来自八个国家的24万多名成年人的数据，发现饮食中超加工食品含量高与早逝之间存在明显联系。A. contrast对比；B. sign迹象；C. fault错误；D. connection联系。根据下文“Specifically, the researchers estimated that in the. U. S., up to 14% of all early deaths —  defined as dying between ages 30 and 69 — could be ____2____ to these types of foods.”可知，研究人员估计，在美国，30岁至69岁之间的所有早逝者中，多达14%的早逝可归因于超加工食品，由此可知，研究中发现了饮食中超加工食品含量高与早逝之间存在明显的“联系”。故选D项。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：具体来说，研究人员估计，在美国，30岁至69岁之间的所有早逝者中，多达14%的早逝可归因于这些类型的食品。A. attributed归因于；B. submitted提交；C. distributed分配；D. restricted限制。根据上文“a clear ____1____ between diets high in ultra-processed foods and premature death”可知，饮食中超加工食品含量高与早逝之间存在着联系，由此可知，此处指的是多达14%的早逝可“归因于”超加工食品。故选A项。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究人员写道：“这些发现支持了超加工食品的摄入导致了许多国家疾病负担的加重。”，并补充说，减少这些食品的摄入应该是公共卫生政策的一部分。A. production生产；B. intake摄入；C. transport运输；D. storage储存。根据下文“reducing these foods should be part of public health policy”可知，减少超加工食品的摄入应该是公共卫生政策的一部分，由此可知，此处指的是超加工食品的“摄入”对疾病负担有显著影响。故选B项。 4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这听起来可能很夸张，但与营养专家多年来的说法是一致的。A. dramatic夸张的；B. appealing吸引人的；C. selective选择性的；D. established已确立的。根据下文“but it tracks with what nutrition experts have been saying for years.”可知，这与营养专家多年来的说法是一致的，结合表示转折关系的“but”可知，此处指的是这听起来可能很“夸张”。故选A项。 5．考查动词短语辨析。句意：超加工食品 —— 添加了添加剂、调味增强剂、稳定剂和防腐剂的包装食品 —— 约占现代食品供应的70%。A. put up搭建；B. bring up提出；C. make up组成，占（比例）；D. push up提高。根据下文“about 70% of the modern food supply”可知，此处指的是超加工食品约“占”现代食品供应的70%。故选C项。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：营养师Scott Keatley解释说：“这些食物在自然界中肯定是不存在的”，并解释说，它们是为了保质期和令人上瘾的味道而设计的，而不是为了营养。A. calorie卡路里；B. nutrition营养；C. contribution贡献；D. satisfaction满意。根据上文“These are foods that definitely don’t exist in nature by themselves”以及“they’re built for shelf life and addictive flavor”可知，超加工食品为保质期和成瘾性口味而设计，而非“营养”。故选B项。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：除了缺乏维生素或纤维外，超加工食品往往会排挤掉真正有益健康的天然食品。A. crowd挤满；B. run跑；C. burn燃烧；D. work工作。根据下文“According to Keatley, this dietary shift ____8____ the risk of chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, visceral fat buildup, and DNA damage — factors that are all linked to heart disease, cancer, and type 2 diabetes.”可知，这种饮食转变会增加患慢性炎症、胰岛素抵抗、内脏脂肪堆积和DNA损伤的风险，而这些因素都与心脏病、癌症和2型糖尿病有关，由此可知，此处指的是超加工食品往往会“排挤掉”真正有益健康的天然食品。故选A项。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Keatley表示，这种饮食转变会增加患慢性炎症、胰岛素抵抗、内脏脂肪堆积和DNA损伤的风险，而这些因素都与心脏病、癌症和2型糖尿病有关。A. maps绘制地图；B. marks标记；C. raises提高；D. ruins毁坏。根据下文“factors that are all linked to heart disease, cancer, and type 2 diabetes”可知，这些因素都与心脏病、癌症和2型糖尿病有关，由此可知，此处指的是这种饮食转变会“增加”患慢性炎症、胰岛素抵抗、内脏脂肪堆积和DNA损伤的风险。故选C项。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他说：“随着时间的推移，累积的损害可能会缩短寿命，尤其是对于那些代谢功能已经较弱的人来说。”A. add增加；B. drive驾驶；C. pick挑选；D. shave剃须，削减。根据上文“the cumulative (累积的) damage”以及下文“especially in people who are already metabolically vulnerable”可知，累积的损害对代谢功能已经较弱的人来说，可能会“缩短”寿命。故选D项。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：营养师Jessica Cording建议采取平衡的85/15饮食方法。A. conclusion结论；B. procedure程序；C. gap缺口；D. approach方法。根据下文的“This means eating mostly whole foods, while still leaving room for ____11____ processed options.”可知，这意味着主要吃天然食品，同时仍然为偶尔的加工食品留出空间，由此可知，此处指的是营养师Jessica Cording建议采取平衡的85/15饮食“方法”。故选D项。 11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这意味着主要吃天然食品，同时仍然为偶尔的加工食品留出空间。A. occasional偶尔的；B. multiple多个的；C. complex复杂的；D. eventual最终的。根据上文“This means eating mostly whole foods”以及下文“It’s not ____12____ that the foods are a one-way ticket to early death”可知，主要吃天然食品，但这些食物并不是早逝的必然原因，由此可知，此处指的是仍然为“偶尔的”加工食品留出空间。故选A项。 12．考查副词词义辨析。句意：她说：“这些食物本质上并不是早逝的必然原因。”A. originally最初；B. deliberately故意地；C. practically实际上；D. essentially本质上。根据下文“But it’s more like there are things that happen because of them.”可知，但更像是因为它们而发生了一些事情，由此可知，此处指的是这些食物“本质上”并不是早逝的必然原因。故选D项。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：即使在超加工食品类别中，有些选择也比其他选择更好。A. schedule时间表；B. category类别；C. reach范围；D. program程序。根据下文“A fortified (营养强化的) plant milk or a low-sugar protein bar is miles better than a sleeve of frosted pastries.”可知，营养强化的植物奶或低糖蛋白棒比一袋糖霜糕点要好得多，由此可知，此处指的是即使在超加工食品“类别”中，有些选择也比其他选择更好。故选B项。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但营养学家一致认为：薯片、苏打水和冷冻甜点不应该是你饮食的主要角色。A. requests请求；B. channels频道；C. characters角色，特征；D. directions方向。根据上文“some choices are better than others”以及“A fortified (营养强化的) plant milk or a low-sugar protein bar is miles better than a sleeve of frosted pastries”可知，即使在超加工食品类别中，有些选择也比其他选择更好，由此可知，此处指的是薯片、苏打水和冷冻甜点不应该是你饮食的主要“角色”。故选C项。 15．考查介词短语辨析。句意：毕竟，你经常吃的东西 —— 而不是偶尔吃的东西 —— 才是最终决定你长期健康状况的因素。A. In turn依次；B. After all毕竟；C. To conclude总之；D. On purpose故意地。根据下文的“what you eat most often — not occasionally — is what ends up shaping your long-term health.”以及上文内容可知，这里是对上文的转折性总结，即“毕竟”长期健康由日常饮食决定。故选B项。 1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$