内容正文:
七年级上册Unit 2 We're Family!语法总结
一般现在时与名词所有格
第一部分:一般现在时词
一、基本概念
一般现在时表示经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态,也可表示客观事实和普遍真理。
示例:1. I go to school every day. (每天发生的动作)
2.The sun rises in the east. (客观事实)
3.She likes apples. (当前状态)
二、动词变化规则
主语
动词形式
示例
I, You, We, They
动词原形
I play, They eat
He, She, It
动词+s/es
He plays, She eats
动词第三人称单数变化规则:
一般动词
直接加-s
work → works, play → plays
以s, x, sh, ch, o结尾
加-es
pass → passes, wash → washes, go → goes
以"辅音字母+y"结尾
变y为i再加-es
study → studies, carry → carries
三、句式结构
句式类型
结构
示例
肯定句
主语 + 动词原形/三单形式
We live in China.
She lives in Beijing.
否定句
主语 + do/does + not + 动词原形
I do not (don't) like coffee.
He does not (doesn't) play football.
一般疑问句
Do/Does + 主语 + 动词原形
Do you speak English?
Does she go to school?
特殊疑问句
疑问词 + do/does + 主语 + 动词原形
What do you do?
Where does he work?
❗ 重要提示:
· 第三人称单数(he/she/it)在肯定句中动词要加-s/-es
· 在否定句和疑问句中,使用does/doesn't后,动词恢复原形
· 常用时间状语:every day, always, usually, often, sometimes, never
第一部分:名词所有格
一、基本概念
名词所有格表示所属关系,相当于中文的"的"。主要用于表示人、动物、国家、机构等有生命的名词,也可用于表示时间、距离、价值等无生命的名词。
示例:1. This is Tom's book. (汤姆的书)
2. The children's toys are on the floor. (孩子们的玩具)
3. It's ten minutes' walk. (十分钟的路程)
二、构成规则
名词类型
构成方式
示例
单数名词
名词 + 's
my father's car, the cat's tail
复数名词(以s结尾)
名词 + '
the students' books, the teachers' office
复数名词(不以s结尾)
名词 + 's
the children's room, women's clothes
复合名词
最后一个词 + 's
my sister-in-law's job
共同所有
最后一个名词 + 's
Tom and Jerry's house (共同拥有的房子)
各自所有
每个名词 + 's
Tom's and Jerry's cars (各自的车)
三、特殊用法
用法类型
示例
说明
表示时间
today's newspaper, a week's holiday
时间名词的所有格
表示距离
ten miles' journey, an hour's drive
距离名词的所有格
表示价值
a dollar's worth, ten pounds' weight
价值名词的所有格
表示自然现象
the moon's light, the earth's surface
自然界事物的所有格
双重所有格
a friend of my father's
表示"其中之一"的含义
❗ 重要提示:
· 名词所有格主要用于表示有生命的名词
· 无生命的名词通常用"of + 名词"结构表示所有关系:the door of the room
· 注意区分共同所有和各自所有
· 双重所有格结构:a/an/this/that/some... + 名词 + of + 名词所有格
四、所有格用法对比
表达方式
示例
说明
名词所有格('s)
my mother's bag
主要用于有生命的名词
of所有格
the cover of the book
主要用于无生命的名词
双重所有格
a friend of my brother's
表示部分概念,带有感情色彩
三、综
四、合练习
五、练习1:一般现在时填空
1. My sister __________ (like) to read books every evening.
2. __________ they __________ (play) football on weekends?
3. He __________ (not watch) TV in the morning.
4. The train __________ (leave) at 8:00 every day.
5. Where __________ your parents __________ (work)?
练习2:名词所有格转换
1. This is the room of the girls. → This is the __________ room.
2. The toys of the children are new. → The __________ toys are new.
3. The books of the students are on the desk. → The __________ books are on the desk.
4. The car of Tom and Jerry (共同所有) → __________ car.
5. The bikes of Tom and Jerry (各自所有) → __________ bikes.
练习3:翻译句子
1. 我父亲每天七点去上班。_________________________________________
2. 这些是孩子们的书包。___________________________________________
3. 她不喜欢吃蔬菜。_______________________________________________
4. 这是我姐姐的朋友。______________________________________________
5. 猫的尾巴很长。_______________________________________________
练习答案
练习1答案:
1. likes 2. Do, play 3. doesn't watch 4. leaves 5. do, work
练习2答案:
1. girls' 2. children's 3. students' 4. Tom and Jerry's 5. Tom's and Jerry's
练习3答案:
1. My father goes to work at seven every day.
2. These are the children's schoolbags.
3. She doesn't like to eat vegetables.
4. This is my sister's friend.
5. The cat's tail is long.
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