Unit 3 To be a good learner 知识梳理-2025-2026学年八年级英语上册新课标（核心素养）同步大师课堂（牛津译林版2024）

Unit 3 To be a good learner 知识梳理 2025-2026学年八年级英语上册新课标（核心素养）同步大师课堂 ( 重点单词与词语 ) ( 知识点一 ) 一、重点单词 learner /ˈlɜːnə(r)/ n. 学习者 feed /fiːd/ vt. 为…… 提供食物；喂养 （过去式：fed） fish /fɪʃ/ vi. 钓鱼，捕鱼 n.鱼（单复数同形） lifetime /ˈlaɪftaɪm/ n. 一生，有生之年 lifelong /ˈlaɪflɒŋ/ adj. 终身的 journey /ˈdʒɜːni/ n. 旅程，旅行 single /ˈsɪŋɡl/ adj. 单个的；单身的 against /əˈɡenst/ prep. 逆，反对; 倚靠；碰撞 fall behind /fɔːl bɪˈhaɪnd/ v. 落后 successful /səkˈsesfl/ adj. 有成效的；成功的 success /səkˈses/ n. 成功；成功的人或事 drive /draɪv/ n. 冲劲；本能需求v. 驾驶；驱使 guide /ɡaɪd/ vt. 指导；给某人领路（或导游）n.向导 inventor /ɪnˈventə(r)/ n. 发明家 invention /ɪnˈvenʃn/ n. 发明 invent /ɪnˈvent/ vt. 发明 found /faʊnd/ vt. 创建；建立 （过去式/过去分词：founded） talent /ˈtælənt/ n. 天资，才能；有才能的人 century /ˈsentʃəri/ n. 世纪，百年 print /prɪnt/ n. 印刷行业 himself /hɪmˈself/ pron. 他自己 bookseller /ˈbʊkselə(r)/ n. 书商 return /rɪˈtɜːn/ vi. 归还n. 返回 curious /ˈkjʊəriəs/ adj. 好奇的 storm /stɔːm/ n. 暴风雨v. 起风暴 finding /ˈfaɪndɪŋ/ n. 调查发现 predict /prɪˈdɪkt/ vt. 预测 countless /ˈkaʊntləs/ adj. 数不尽的 for free /fɔːr friː/ adj. 免费 greatness /ˈɡreɪtnəs/ n. 伟大 Italian /ɪˈtæliən/ n. 意大利语；意大利人 conversation /ˌkɒnvəˈseɪʃn/ n. 交谈，谈话 translate /trænzˈleɪt/ vt. & vi. 翻译 page /peɪdʒ/ n. （书刊或纸张的）页 badly /ˈbædli/ adv. 严重地，厉害地 record /rɪˈkɔːd/ vt. & vi. 录制；记录 /ˈrekɔːrd/ n. 记录；纪录 slashie /ˈslæʃi/ n. 斜杠族，多重职业者 dialect /ˈdaɪəlekt/ n. 方言 besides /bɪˈsaɪdz/ prep. 除…之外（还有） possible /ˈpɒsəbl/ adj. 可能的 sentence /ˈsentəns/ n. 句子 rather /ˈrɑːðə(r)/ adv. 而不是 pronounce /prəˈnaʊns/ vt. 发音 grammar /ˈɡræmə(r)/ n. 语法 slowly /ˈsləʊli/ adv. 慢速地，缓慢地 text /tekst/ n. 文本，文章 speech /spiːtʃ/ n. 演讲；说话的能力 aloud /əˈlaʊd/ adv. 出声地；大声地 correctly /kəˈrektli/ adv. 正确地 spelling /ˈspelɪŋ/ n. 拼写 repeat /rɪˈpiːt/ vt. 重复 tourist /ˈtʊərɪst/ n. 游客，观光者 二、重点短语 as important as ...和...一样重要 be important for 对...很重要 try to do 尽力做某事 work in pairs 结对工作 teach sb to do sth 教某人做某事 have a strong drive to learn 有强烈的学习动力 guide you on the right path 在正确的道路上引导你 manage our time 管理我们的时间 set him apart from 使他与……不同 taught himself by reading 通过阅读自学 stayed up very late 熬夜到很晚 curious about 对……好奇 interested in studying 对学习感兴趣 predict the weather 预测天气 in his late 70s 在他七十多岁时 inventions came as no surprise 发明不足为奇 for free 免费地 saw learning as 把学习视为 work out the rule 总结规则 compare performances 比较表现 form comparative adverbs 构成比较级副词 the same as 和……一样 by yourself 独自地 set goals for ourselves 为我们自己设定目标 pay attention to 注意 add...to 添加……到 change the ending 改变结尾 play an important role 扮演重要角色 write down 写下 focus on 专注于 rather than 而不是 carry a pen and paper 携带纸和笔 put himself in 使自己处于 do research on 做关于……的研究 spend time as possible 尽可能花时间 talk with the locals 与当地人交谈 learn by putting 通过投入……学习 write down useful sentences 写下有用的句子 focus on learning 专注于学习 listen to English 听英语 get ready for 为……做准备 move on to 继续进行 spend time studying 花时间学习 find a language partner 找到语言伙伴 practise speaking English 练习说英语 look through 快速浏览 worry about 担心 listen to as often as possible 尽可能经常听 focus on the main idea 关注主旨 read aloud 大声读 overcome it 克服它 work as a volunteer 担任志愿者 set aside 留出 learn from 从……学习 depend on 依赖 begin with 以……开始 row a boat against 逆水划船 fall behind 落后 have a good teacher 有一位好老师 study skills 学习技巧 make a study plan 制定学习计划 set him apart 使他与众不同 print shop 印刷厂 borrow books from 从……借书 return them early 早点归还它们 follow the storms 追踪风暴 do many tests 做许多测试 find out 发现 move from one place to another 从一个地方移动到另一个地方 come as no surprise 不足为奇 a type of special glasses 一种特殊的眼镜 make money from 从……赚钱 as a lifelong learner 作为一名终身学习者 an exciting and endless journey 一次令人兴奋且无尽的旅程 set a good example 树立好榜样 meet with great success 获得巨大成功 work hard at 在……努力 develop an app 开发应用程序 run into problems 遇到问题 express themselves clearly 清楚地表达自己 miss their plane 错过他们的飞机 find a way to 找到一种……的方法 have a talent for 有……的天赋 translate...into 把……翻译成 use...for free 免费使用…… set a good example for 为……树立好榜样 work with computers 使用电脑工作 ( 重点句型 ) ( 知识点二 )meet with 遇见 1. The joy of learning is as important in study as breathing is in running. 学习的乐趣在学习中的重要性之于呼吸在跑步中的重要性。 2. Give a man a fish and you feed him for a day. Teach a man to fish and you feed him for a lifetime. 授人以鱼，喂其一日。授人以渔，喂其一生。 3. A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. 千里之行始于足下。 4. Studying is like rowing a boat against moving water; if you don’t move forward, you will fall behind. 学习就像逆水行舟；如果你不前进，你就会落后。 5. To reach a goal, big or small, it is important to take the first step. 要实现一个目标，无论大小，重要的是迈出第一步。 6. It is better to learn how to do something than to depend on other people to do it for you. 学习如何做某事比依靠别人为你做要好。 7. If you stop learning, you will stop getting better. 如果你停止学习，你将无法变得更好。 8. What do you think is important for successful learning? 你认为什么对成功的学习很重要？ 9. For me, one thing is to have strong drive to learn. 对我来说，一件事是要有强烈的学习动力。 10. If you’re willing to learn, you will work harder. 如果你愿意学，你会更努力地学。 11. A good teacher will guide you on the right path. 一个好老师会引导你走上正确的道路。 12. And we should also make a study plan. 并且我们也应该指定一个学习计划。 13.I’ll help you manage time better. 我会帮你更好地管理时间。 14. I couldn’t agree more. 我完全同意。 15. A writer, scientist, inventor and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States, Benjamin Franklin was a man of many talents and one of the most famous people of the 18th century. 本杰明·富兰克林是一位作家、科学家、发明家，也是美国的开国元勋之一，他才华横溢，是18世纪最著名的人物之一。 16. From a young age, Franklin's great love of learning set him apart from many others. 从小，富兰克林对学习的热爱使他与众不同。 17. As one of 17 children in a big family, Franklin had only two years of education before he had to start work. 作为一个大家庭的17个孩子之一，富兰克林在开始工作之前只接受了两年的教育。 18. While working in his brother's print shop, Franklin taught himself by reading a lot. 在哥哥的印刷厂工作时，富兰克林通过大量阅读自学。 19. He often borrowed books from booksellers and stayed up very late in order to return them early the next day. 20. Curious about the world around him, Franklin once became interested in studying storms. 富兰克林对周围的世界很好奇，曾经对研究风暴很感兴趣。 21. Then he found out that storms moved from one place to another. 然后他发现风暴从一个地方移动到另一个地方。 22. What's more, Franklin had a great love for science, so his countless invention came as no surprise. 更重要的是，富兰克林对科学有着极大的热爱，所以他无数的发明也就不足为奇了。 23. Even in his late 70s, he invented a type of special glasses to help him see better. 即使在他70多岁后期的时候，他也发明了一种特殊的眼镜来帮助他看得更清楚。 24. Franklin did not make money from any of his inventions but let people use them for free. 富兰克林没有从他的任何发明中赚钱，而是让人们免费使用它们。 25. His greatness goes further than that. 他的伟大远不止于此。 26. As a lifelong learner, he saw learning as an exciting and endless journey full of wonder and success. 作为一名终身学习者，他将学习视为一段激动人心、永无止境的，充满了奇迹和成功的旅程。 27. This is his greatest gift to the world. 这是他给世界最大的礼物。 28. What do most people know Franklin for? 大部分人因为什么而知道富兰克林？ 29. How did Franklin go on learning after he left school? 富兰克林离开学校后是怎么继续学习的？ 30. What did Franklin discover when he studied the storms? 富兰克林在研究风暴时发现了什么？ 31. Steve, a middle school student, is well-known for inventing an amazing language learning app. 32. His idea for developing the app came from a trip to Italy with his parents. 他开发这款应用程序的想法来自与父母一起去意大利旅行。 33. Steve and his parents can’t speak a word of Italian. 史蒂夫和他的父母一句意大利语都不会说。 34. So it came as no surprise that they ran into countless problems during their trip. 35. They couldn’t express himself clearly and almost missed their plane home. 他们无法清晰地表达自己，差点错过回家的飞机。 36. He was curious about finding a way to make daily conversation in another language easier. 他很想找到一种方法，让用另一种语言进行日常对话变得更容易。 37. Steve has a talent for working with computers. 史蒂夫有使用电脑的天赋。 38. Steve’s story sets an good example for us all. 史蒂夫的故事为我们所有人树立了一个好榜样。 39. Find your interest and work hard, and you may meet with great success. 找到你的兴趣并努力工作，你可能会取得巨大的成功。 40. Millie reads the fastest among the three.=Millie reads faster than the other two students. Millie在三个人中读得最快。=Millie读得比其他两位学生快。 41. She learns faster than any other student in my class. 她学得比我们班其他同学都要快。 42. He thinks more actively than any of my other classmates. 他想得比我们班其他任何同学都要积极。 43. He works harder than all my other classmates. 他比我所有的同学都要努力。 44. Let’s set goals for ourselves and take the first step. 让我们为自己设定目标，迈出第一步。 45. Sandy and I feel encouraged. Sandy和我受到了鼓舞。 46. I want to draw pictures of myself and my parents. 我想给我自己和我父母画画。 47. I often make myself a cup of tea. 我经常给自己泡杯茶。 48. Benjamin Franklin was good in many areas. 本杰明富兰克林在很多领域都很优秀。 49. Many of his findings played an important role in the history of science. 他的许多发现在科学史上发挥了重要作用。 50. There are more and more chances for people to develop their interests in different areas. 人们在不同领域发展兴趣的机会越来越多。 51. Besides his great talent and strong interest in languages, Zhao had useful ways to learn language. 赵除了有很强的语言天赋和浓厚的语言兴趣外，他还有很多学习语言的方法。 52. Zhao thought it was important to spend as much time as possible reading, speaking and listening to the language. 赵认为花尽可能多的时间阅读、口语和听力是很重要的。 53. Every time he went to a new place, he would talk with the locals. He quickly learnt their language by putting himself in the language environment. 每次去一个新地方，他都会和当地人交谈，lle很快就学会了他们的语言把自己放在语言环境中。 54. Also, Zhao always carried a pen and paper with him to write down useful sentences. 此外，赵总是随身携带笔和纸，写下有用的句子。 55. Zhao believed that it was best to focus on learning sentences rather than single words. 赵认为，最好集中精力学习句子，而不是单个单词。 56. It is hard to learn a new language, but if we do it the right way, it will be a lot easier. 学习一门新语言很难，但如果我们用正确的方法，它会容易得多。 57. Lily's teacher gave her some tips on how to learn English. 莉莉的老师给了她一些学习英语的建议。 58. Lily has a language partner to practise speaking English with. 莉莉有个可以练习说英语的语言搭子。 59. How important do you think pronunciation is? 你觉得发音有多重要？ 60. Do you find it difficult to study grammar? 你觉得学习语法难吗？ 61. Start by reading easy articles and slowly move on to more difficult ones. 从阅读文章开始，慢慢地转向更难的文章。 62. Of course, I don't have to understand every word, but it's more important to be in an English environment. 当然，我不必理解每一个单词，但在英语环境中更重要。 63. I believe through listening, reading, writing and speaking I can improve my language skills as a whole. 我相信通过听、读、写、说，我可以提高我的整体语言技能。 64. There are many online shows with people talking in English. 有许多在线节目，上面有人们用英语交谈。 65. They asked me about the restaurants nearby. 他们问我附近的餐馆。 66. I spent 10 minutes listening to English on a language learning app on my phone 我花了10分钟在手机上的语言学习应用程序上听英语。 67. Give a detailed description of how you overcame the problem. 详细描述你是如何克服这个问题的。 68. Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。 69. I still follow this plan and now I am happy that I can express myself in English very well. 我仍然遵循这个计划，现在我很高兴我能用英语很好地表达自己。 ( 重点语法 ) ( 知识点 三 )70. I even work as a volunteer to help foreign tourists in my free time. 我甚至在空闲时间做志愿者帮助外国游客。 副词的比较级与最高级及反身代词 一、副词的比较级与最高级 （一）构成 1.规则变化 ①一般情况：在词尾直接加 - er 构成比较级，加 - est 构成最高级。例如： hard（努力地）→harder（更努力地）→hardest（最努力地） fast（快地）→faster（更快地）→fastest（最快地） high（高地）→higher（更高地）→highest（最高地） ②以不发音的字母 e 结尾：在词尾直接加 - r 构成比较级，加 - st 构成最高级。例如： late（晚地）→later（更晚地）→latest（最晚地） nice（好地）→nicer（更好地）→nicest（最好地） ③以辅音字母 + y 结尾：把 y 变为 i，再加 - er 构成比较级，加 - est 构成最高级。例如： early（早地）→earlier（更早地）→earliest（最早地） happy（愉快地）→happier（更愉快地）→happiest（最愉快地） ④部分双音节词和多音节词：分别在原级前加 more 构成比较级，加 most 构成最高级。例如： slowly（缓慢地）→more slowly（更缓慢地）→most slowly（最缓慢地） quickly（迅速地）→more quickly（更迅速地）→most quickly（最迅速地） beautifully（漂亮地）→more beautifully（更漂亮地）→most beautifully（最漂亮地） 2.不规则变化 有一些副词的比较级和最高级变化是不规则的，需要特别记忆。例如： well（好地）→better（更好地）→best（最好地） badly（坏地；恶劣地）→worse（更坏地；更恶劣地）→worst（最坏地；最恶劣地） much（多地）→more（更多地）→most（最多地） little（少地）→less（更少地）→least（最少地） far（远地）→farther/further（更远地）→farthest/furthest（最远地） （二）用法 1.副词用原级的常用句型 ①as + 副词原级 + as...：表示 “和…… 一样”。例如： She runs as fast as her sister.（她跑得和她姐姐一样快。） ②not so (as) + 副词原级 + as...：表示 “不如……”。例如： He doesn't study so hard as his classmates.（他学习不如他的同学们努力。） 2.副词用比较级的常用句型 ①A + 副词比较级 + than + B：表示 “A 比 B……”。例如： Tom drives more carefully than Jack.（汤姆开车比杰克更小心。） ②A + 副词比较级 + than any other + 单数名词或 all the other + 复数名词。例如： He jumps higher than any other student in his class.（他比他班上其他任何一个学生都跳得高。） ③副词比较级 + and + 副词比较级：表示 “越来越……”。例如： The plane is flying higher and higher.（飞机飞得越来越高。） ④the + 副词比较级，the + 副词比较级：表示 “越…… 就越……”。例如： The harder you work, the better you will get.（你越努力工作，你得到的就会越好。） ⑤No other + 单数名词 + 比较级 + than...：表示 “没有其他…… 比…… 更……”。例如： No other student runs faster than him in the school.（在学校里没有其他学生比他跑得更快。） 3.副词用最高级的常用句型 A + 副词最高级 + 表示范围的 of 或 in 短语：意为 “在…… 中最……”，副词最高级前通常不用定冠词 the。例如： Of all the players, he plays football best.（在所有的运动员中，他足球踢得最好。） In our class, she sings most beautifully.（在我们班，她唱歌最动听。） 二、反身代词的用法 （一）形式​ 反身代词是表示 “我自己，你自己，他 (她、它) 自己，我们自己，你们自己，他们自己” 的代词。第一、二人称是在形容词性物主代词后加 self 或 selves 构成，第三人称是在人称代词宾格后加 self 或 selves 构成。具体形式如下：​ 人称​ 单数​ 复数​ 第一人​ myself（我自己）​ ourselves（我们自己）​ 第二人​ yourself（你自己）​ yourselves（你们自己）​ 第三人称 himself（他自己）、herself（她自己）、itself（它自己） themselves（他们 / 她们 / 它们自己） （二）用法 1.作宾语：当宾语和主语是同一个人或事物时，用反身代词作宾语。例如： He teaches himself English.（他自学英语。） The little girl can dress herself.（这个小女孩能自己穿衣服。） 2.作表语：当表语和主语表示同一个或同一些人或事物时，用反身代词作表语。例如： The poor boy was myself.（那个可怜的男孩就是我自己。） I'm not quite myself today.（我今天不太舒服。） 3.作主语或宾语的同位语：常用来加强语气，可位于名词或代词之后，也可位于句末。例如： She herself cleaned the classroom. = She cleaned the classroom herself.（她自己打扫了教室。） I met the writer himself last week.（上周我见到了那位作家本人。） 4.用在某些固定短语当中 ①look after oneself / take care of oneself：照顾自己。例如： You should look after yourself when your parents are away.（当你父母不在家时，你应该照顾好自己。） ②teach oneself sth. / learn sth. by oneself：自学。例如： He taught himself French. = He learned French by himself.（他自学法语。） ③enjoy oneself：玩得高兴，过得愉快。例如： We enjoyed ourselves at the party last night.（我们昨晚在聚会上玩得很开心。） ④help oneself to sth.：请自用……（随便吃 / 喝些……）。例如： Help yourself to some fruit, please.（请随便吃些水果。） ⑤hurt oneself：摔伤自己。例如： The boy hurt himself when he fell off the bike.（那个男孩从自行车上摔下来时摔伤了自己。） ⑥say to oneself：自言自语。例如： She often says to herself when she is alone.（她独自一个人的时候经常自言自语。） ⑦leave sb. by oneself：把某人单独留下。例如： Don't leave the little child by himself at home.（不要把小孩一个人留在家里。） ⑧buy oneself sth.：给自己买…… 东西。例如： She bought herself a new dress.（她给自己买了一条新裙子。） ⑨introduce oneself：介绍自己。例如： ( 重点知识 )Let me introduce myself. I'm Tom.（让我来介绍一下自己。我是汤姆。） ( 知识点 四 ) 1、The joy of learning is as important in study as breathing is in running. joy 此处用作不可数名词，意为“欢乐，高兴；乐趣" ，其同义词为 happiness I always share my joy with my friends. 我总是和朋友们一起分享我的快乐。 She shows us her joy. 她对我们表示出了她的喜悦。 【拓展】to one's joy 意为“使某人高兴的是”。 To his joy, he met his good friend again. 让他高兴的是，他又见到了他的好朋友。 2、Studying is like rowing a boat against moving water,If you don’t move. 1) against prep ①撞击，碰着，与 …相撞；紧靠；倚靠 I pushed against the door and the door opened at last. Put the piano there,against the wall.（The piano leans against the wall.） ②相反；反对；违反；违背；逆 We all should fight against evil. ③逆行，逆 … …方向，对着；跟 … …反方向： Don't drive against the traffic. 2) if 用法：若 if 翻译为“如果” ，主将从现。 若 if 翻译为“是否” ，该用什么时态就用什么时态。 附：判断主句、从句两步走。 第一步，找出主句和从句分界线。若 If 在句首，主句和从句的分界线是逗号；若 if 在句中， 主句和从句的分界线在 if 前面。 第二步，if 在分界线哪边，哪边就是从句，另一边就是主句。然后“主将从现”。 3、What do you think is important for successful learning. 1）【常用句式】what do you think of...? = What do you think about...? = How do you like/find...? 2）important是形容词，意为“重要的”，其n. 意为“重要性 importance；。 be important = be of importance 重要的 4、If you’re willing to learn ,you’ll work harder. 1）willing 形容词，意为“乐意的;愿意的”。 be willing to do sth.意为“乐意做某事”。 She is willing to help me in any way she can.她愿意尽其所能帮助我。 We are willing to work hard.我们愿意努力工作。 2）辨析：work hard，hard work 与 hard-working 词 组 含义 work hard 结构为“动词＋副词” ，意为“努力学习，努力工作”。 hard work 结构为“形容词＋名词” ，意为“艰难的工作”。 hard-working 为形容词，意为“勤奋的，勤劳的”。 5、Yes ,I agree agree with sb 同意某人的观点 agree on/ about sth, 对 …取得一致意见 agree to do sth 赞成做某事 【拓展】agreement n. 协议；同意，一致 be in agreement /reach an agreement ( with sb on sth) (在... 方面于某人）达成一致意见，达成协议 情景交际 I can’t agree more. 我非常赞同。 I can’t agree any more. 我再也不同意了。 6、It’ll help us manage our time well. manage to do sth. 设法做某事。更倾向于做成某事, 与 succeed in doing sth. 同义； try to do sth. 倾向于努力做某事，有没有成功不确定。 I managed to see the writer. 我设法见到了那个作家。 I try to open the door with the key. 我尽力用钥匙打开门。 7、I couldn’t agree more. 常考交际用语 Certainly not 当然不。 I don’t know yet.我也不知道。 You’d better not.你最好不。 I think so 我认为也如此。 No problem 没问题。 I am afraid not.我恐怕不行。 What a shame. 太可惜了。 What a pity.太可惜了。 Well done 很好。 You’re welcome.不客气。 It doesn't matter.没关系。 I can’t agree more.我非常赞成。 8、Benjamin Franklin was a man of many talents and one of the most famous people of the 18th century. 1）talent n. 天赋，才能 ---talent n. 有才能的人;天才 ---talented[形容词] 有才能的;有天赋的 talent show 才艺表演 have a talent for.. .对.. . . . . 有天赋 2）one of + 可数名词复数或代词表示“ …之一” One of us stayed here, and the others went to work on a farm. 【归纳拓展】 ①all of+ 复数名词或代词 在句中可作主语，可作宾语，名词前应带限定词 the, these, those, my ,your 等，表示一群人或事物的全部。 All of them are working hard . ②none of 作主语时，表示所有的人或物都不 … None of these sentences are right. ③some of 后结复数名词，一些 … Some of the students are playing the basketball. 3）famous 著名的，出名的 The hotel is very famous.. 【归纳拓展】 ①be famous for = be known (或well-known) for，表示“因 … …而著名”或“因 … …而广为人知”。 Hawaii is famous for its beautiful beaches. France is famous for its fine food and wine. O·Henry was famous for writing short stories. ②be famous as 后跟身份或职业。如： O·Henry was famous as a short-story writer. Gong li is famous as an actress. 9、Franklin had only two years of education before he had to start work. 1）have to / must 区分 范例 must “必须”（主观上有义务,有责任做某事, 强调主观看法） My mother is ill, so I must go now. mustn’t:禁止 You mustn’t smoke here. have to “不得不”（客观上不得不做某事,强调客 观需要） His home is far away the school, so he has to eat at school. don’t have to :没必要(=needn’t) You don’t have to work at weekends. 2) education：n. 教育 。 get/receive an education 接受教育 。 educate：vt. 教育，培养 educate sb. to do sth. 教育某人做某事 educator：n. “教育家 ”。 educated：adj. “ 受过教育的，有教养的 ”。 educational：adj. “教育的，有教育意义的 ”。 3) start to do sth. 的意思是“开始做某事” ，相当于 begin to do sth。 start doing sth.开始做某事，一般可以和 start to do sth.互换，区别如下： ①当我们谈论一项长期的或习惯性的活动时，用 start doing sth.较多。 ②进行时中一般用 start to do sth.。 ③在 start 之后有表示感情或思想（如：understand．realize 等）的动词时，一般用 start to do sth.。 ④当主语是物不是人时，要用不定式。 10、while working in his brother’s print shop,Franklin taught himself by reading a lot. 1）while/when + doing sth. 当做某事的时候 【when/while 引导时间状语】 【区分】I don’t know when to go there. 【when 引导不定式作宾语】 = I don’t know when I will go there. 【when 引导宾语从句】 2）by 用法自主归纳 by by +具体做法 I study by working with a group. by+事物 靠近...;在. . . 旁边 There is a house by the river. by +时间 在. . . 之前;不迟于. . . I want an answer by tomorrow morning. by+交通工具 My uncle enjoys travelling by ship. 用于被动语态中,表示“被,由” He was brought up by his aunt. 3）a lot 副词短语，“很，非常” ，常修饰动词、感叹词或形容词/副词的比较级等，在句中作程度状语。 a lot 意为“许多，大量”，在句中作主语、宾语或表语，其后可有动词不定式短语作后置定语。 11、he often borrowed books from booksellers and stayed up very late in order to return them early the next day. 1）borrow & lend 词意 用法 范例 borrow “借进来” borrow sth. from sb. Can I borrow your umbrella? lend “借出去” lend sth. to sb. =lend sb.sth. They refused to lend us the money. keep+ 借... 保持 多久 keep +时间 You can keep the book for two days. 2）stay up 熬夜 stay up 是不及物动词短语,意为“熬夜”。 It's a bad habit to stay up. 熬夜是个坏习惯。 [拓展] 关于 stay 短语 stay at home 呆在家 go there for a short stay 去那儿短暂停留 stay healthy/alive/awake 保持健康/生机/清醒 stay up (late) 熬夜 stay out 呆在外面 3）order n.顺序&v.命令 相关短语： keep...in (good) order 使 … …保持井然有序 order sb to do sth. 命令某人做某事 in order to 为了... We were ordered to finish the task before tomorrow. 我们被命令明天前完成这项任务。 In order to catch the first bus,I get up at 5 a.m. 为了赶上第一班车，我五点就起来了。 4）return vi.“回归、返回”，=go/come back to return to+地点，返回某地 Ann will visit you when she returns to London. return vt.“归还”=give back 。 You should return the piano to Dick on time. 12、Franklin did not make money from any of his inventions but let people use them for. 1)invent v.发明 inventor n. 发明者 invention n. 发明物 【归纳】动词变名词(人) ① 常见+er runner, swimmer, shopper, explorer ② +or visitor, survivor, actor, director, collector ③ +ist artist, pianist, scientist 2)free ①free adj. 免费的. 可做定语和表语，常见搭配 for free I have some free tickets. We can visit some museums for free. ② [补充] free adj. 空闲的; 自由的 Let's go on a picnic when you are free. Please be free to eat anything you like. 13、He saw learning as an exciting and endless journey ,full of wonders and success. 1）excited 形容词，“感到兴奋的，感到激动的”。 be excited at/about sth.“对某事感到激动”； be excited to do sth.“对做某事感到激动”； be excited + that 从句“ 因 … … 而激动”。 excited，“感到兴奋的、激动的”，常表示人的心理感受，常作表语，这时主语一般是人。 exciting，“令人兴奋的”，常表示某事（物）本身具有令人兴奋的特征，作表语或定语，一般说明或修饰物。 2）句中的 succeed 是不及物动词， 短语 succeed in doing something 意思是“在……达到目的，实现目标”。 = be successful in doing sth = do sth successfully = have success in doing sth = manage to do sth. He succeeded in getting a place at art school. 他被美术学校录取了。 【拓展】 success n. 成功；胜利；发财；成名 What's the secret of your success? 你成功的秘诀是什么？ I didn't have much success in finding a job. 我找工作没什么结果。 successful adj. 达到目的；有成效的；成功的 They were successful in winning the contract. 他们终于争取到了那份合同。 I wasn't very successful at keeping the news secret. 我没能把这条消息严格保密。 successfully adv. 成功地 He passed the test successfully. 他成功地通过了测验。 3）be full of 充满，装满 be full of 的同义短语是 be filled with。 The house is full of people. ＝The house is filled with people. 屋子里满是人。 4）【辨析】trip，travel，journey，tour trip 常指短距离的旅游或往返的旅行。 travel 常用于口语中，指到远方去的或长期的旅行。 journey 常指远距离的陆地旅游，较为正式。 tour 指“周游” ，途中在许多地方做短暂停留的观光旅游。 Do you still remember the travel in Australia last year？ 你还记得去年的澳大利亚之旅吗？ They decided to make a journey to the northwest of China. 他们决定到中国西北地区去旅游。 We went on a trip to the mountains. 我们去山里旅游了。 14、It can translate your mother language into over 20 languages. translate:v. 翻译 translate sth into sth .把...翻译成... Can you translate this sentence form into English into Chinese? translate for sb 为某人翻译 He translated for the foreign guests. 15、There are more and more chances for people to develop their interests in different areas. 1) interest ①-ed/ -ing 形容词. 常修饰对象 含义 例子 -ed 结尾 人 自身“感觉... 的” I feel bored./ I'm interested in English. -ing 结尾 事物 “令人感觉.. 的” a boring show/ an interesting book ②place of interest 风景名胜，其中 interest 为令人感兴趣的人/事 [补充] interest n. 兴趣 have/ show (an) interest in sth. = be interested in... 对某事物有/表现出兴趣 2) develop v.发展；加强；研发；培养 develop … into … ：把 …发展成为 … n:development Modern music was first developed in Italy. 现代音乐最初是在意大利发展起来的。 短语：with the development of the society 随着社会的发展 【辨析】developing 与 developed developing“发展中的 ”。 developed“发达的 ”。 Doctors treated her with an operation. 医生对她进行手术治疗。 16、Zhao believed that it was best to focus on learning sentences rather than single words. focus on sth 集中注意力再某事上 被动形式：be focused on sth focus on doing sth ,集中精力做某事 被动形式：be focused on doing sth 17、In this way ,he remembered the meanings of the words well. Meaning 词性 中文意思 常见用法 mean vt./ vi 意味着;意思是; 意图，打算 mean doing sth. 意味着做某事 It means ... mean to do sth. 打算做某事 meaning n. 意思(可数) This word has two different meanings. n. 意义(不可数) What is the meaning of life? meaningful adj. 有意义的，有目的的 It is meaningful to do ... meaningless adj. 无意义的，无目的的 It is meaningless to do ... 18、It's important to practise little and often. 1）practice doing sth. / exercise 词性 词义 用法 范例 practise v. 练习；训练 (美式 practice) practise doing sth. If you practise speaking English, you’ll soon practice n. 练习；训练 put ideas into practice practical adj. 实际的 practical problems exercise v 锻炼 You need to exercise your body so as not to get sick. n. 练习 做“两操一练”时 为可数名词 do morning/ eye exercises do math exercises 2）few/little/at most /at least 表示否定含义 表示肯定含义 修饰可数名词 few : “几乎没有” a few：“有一点” 修饰不可数名词 little: “几乎没有” a little：“有一点” Few people understand the differences. A few cars passed close by me. There was little doubt in my mind. a little sugar / tea few 和 little 的比较级： 原级 比较级 最高级 few fewer fewest little less least 补充知识点： 含义 范例 “至少” She must be at least 18. “至多” He must be at most 30. “非常” =very Yao Ming is not a little tall. “一点都不” = not … at all I’m really not a bit surprised. 用法 范例 修饰名词 a little = a bit of He’d do anything for a bit of money. 修饰形容词 a little = a bit = a little bit I think people feel a bit more confident. 特殊使用 a little :“小的” A little husky makes a little noise. 19、try to focus on the main idea of a talk or speech. 1) try to do sth. try to do sth. 努力/试图做某事 As students, we should try to learn English well. try doing sth. 尝试做某事 Tom tried solving this problem in this way. 2 )try n.尝试 have/ take a try May I have another try? 20、During the summer holiday. ① surprise 惊奇 to one' s surprise 令某人惊讶的是 令人惊讶的事 What a big surprise! ② surprise vt. 使惊奇, 使措手不及 surprise him a lot 使他大为惊讶 Sth. surprise sb. What surprised me most was that she failed the exam. ③ surprised adj. 吃惊的,惊讶的 look surprised 看起来吃惊的样子 (侧重人的感受) a surprised look Sb. be surprised at sth. be surprised to do sth. ④ surprising adj. 令人吃惊的 a surprising ending 一个意想不到的结局 (侧重说明事物) 21、I decided to make a plan to improve my English. 1）decide 决定， decide to do sth 决定做某事 decide not to do sth 决定不做某事 decision 决定，可数名词； make a decision (to do sth)下定决心（做某事） 2）plan 此处用作可数名词，意为“计划”，指事先做出的安排。 make a plan ( for..)意为“制订 的)计划”。 Do you agree to my plan? 你同意我的计划吗? Let's make a plan first. 我们先订个计划吧。 【拓展】plan 还可用作及物动词，意为“计划”,后面跟名词、代词或动词不定式作宾语。 plan to do sth.“计划做某事”, plan的现在分词是 planning。 I plan to visit the Great Wall. 我计划去游览长城。 22、Then another 10 minutes. another two = two more (1)表示数量的词(some, any, a few) + more + n. ，表示“再多..” We need a few more people to help us. (2)同义替换：数字+more+ n.复数= another +数字+n.复数（数字>1）,表示“再，又” I want to eat two more hamburgers.= I want to eat another two hamburgers. 动词+er/r/or 构成名词。名词+ist 构成名词。 --er --or speak(动词) speaker 说话者 visit (动词) visitor 参观者 farm(动词：种田) farmer 农民 act (动词) actor 男演员 paint(动词) painter 画家，油漆匠 invent (动词) inventor 发明家 play(动词) player 运动员 collect (动词) collector 收藏家 report(动词) reporter 记者 direct (动词) director 导演 wait (动词) waiter 男服务员 work(动词) worker 工人 swim(动词) ★swimmer 游泳者 shop(动词) ★shopper 购物者 win(动词) ★winner 获胜者 --r --ist drive(动词) driver 驾驶员 tour(名词） tourist 旅行者 write(动词) writer 作者 art(名词）★ artist 艺术家 dance(动词) dancer 舞蹈家 science(名词） ★scientist 科学家 piano(名词） pianist 钢琴家 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$