内容正文:
2025年暑假新七年级英语衔接学习系列
专题22 完形填空之说明文(类型与策略)
一、语篇特点
(一)结构严谨
总分总结构常见:说明文开篇往往直接点明说明对象,如 “Pandas are one of the most precious animals in the world.”(熊猫是世界上最珍贵的动物之一),明确文章要介绍熊猫。接着在中间部分从不同方面详细阐述说明对象的特征、习性、生活环境等,像介绍熊猫时,会说明它们以竹子为主食,喜欢栖息在山林之中,繁殖能力相对较低等。结尾部分则对全文进行总结,再次强调说明对象的重要性或独特之处,如 “In conclusion, pandas are not only national treasures of China but also play a crucial role in maintaining the ecological balance.”(总之,熊猫不仅是中国的国宝,而且在维持生态平衡中起着关键作用)。
段落层次分明:每个段落围绕一个中心内容展开,段落之间过渡自然。例如在一篇介绍四季的说明文中,一个段落专门描述春天,会提及春天的气温回升、万物复苏、花朵盛开等特点;下一个段落介绍夏天时,就会从炎热的天气、丰富的降水、人们的夏日活动等方面阐述,段落之间通过 “After spring comes summer.”(春天过后就是夏天)这样的过渡句连接,使文章逻辑清晰。
(二)语言客观准确
使用科学术语:为了精准描述说明对象,会运用一些专业、科学的术语。在介绍太阳系的说明文中,会出现 “solar system”(太阳系)、“planet”(行星)、“orbit”(轨道)等术语,如 “The Earth is one of the eight planets in the solar system and it moves around the sun in a fixed orbit.”(地球是太阳系八大行星之一,它在固定轨道上围绕太阳运转)。
较少情感色彩:与记叙文、议论文不同,说明文旨在客观呈现信息,作者一般不会过多表达个人情感。在描述一种植物时,只是客观地说明它的生长周期、形态特征等,不会加入诸如 “I really love this beautiful plant.”(我真的很喜欢这种美丽的植物)这样带有强烈主观情感的语句。
(三)说明方法多样
举例说明:通过列举具体例子让读者更好地理解说明对象。在介绍动物的保护色时,会举例 “Chameleons can change their colors according to the environment around them. For example, when they are on green leaves, they turn green to hide themselves from predators.”(变色龙能根据周围环境改变颜色。例如,当它们在绿叶上时,会变成绿色以躲避捕食者)。
对比说明:将说明对象与其他相关事物进行对比,突出其特点。在介绍智能手机与传统手机时,会说 “Smartphones are much more powerful than traditional mobile phones. They can not only make calls and send messages but also run various applications, while traditional mobile phones mainly focus on basic communication functions.”(智能手机比传统手机功能强大得多。它们不仅能打电话、发短信,还能运行各种应用程序,而传统手机主要侧重于基本通信功能)。
数字说明:运用数字使说明更具准确性和说服力。在介绍学校图书馆藏书量时,会提到 “Our school library has more than 50,000 books, covering different fields such as literature, science, and history.”(我们学校图书馆有五万多册图书,涵盖文学、科学、历史等不同领域)。
二、试题考法
(一)词汇辨析
近义词辨析:考查学生对相近词汇在意义和用法上细微差别的理解。例如给出 “look”“see”“watch” 这一组词,在句子 “We can ______ many beautiful birds in the forest.” 中,需要学生根据 “see” 强调看到的结果这一用法,选择 “see”。因为这里强调在森林里能看到很多漂亮的鸟,是看到的结果,而 “look” 强调看的动作,“watch” 侧重于长时间注视、观看动态的事物,不符合此语境。
同根词辨析:对于由相同词根构成的不同词性或词义的词进行考查。比如 “use”(使用,动词)、“useful”(有用的,形容词)、“useless”(无用的,形容词),在句子 “This tool is very ______ for fixing the machine.” 中,根据语境需要一个形容词来描述工具对修理机器的作用,应选 “useful”。
(二)固定搭配与习惯用法
动词短语搭配:许多动词与介词、副词等构成固定短语,具有特定含义。如 “look after”(照顾)、“put on”(穿上)、“give up”(放弃)等。在题目 “My mother asks me to ______ my little brother when she is out.” 中,根据语境应选 “look after”。
名词短语搭配:像 “a piece of”(一张 / 一片 / 一条……)、“a pair of”(一双 / 一对……)等。例如 “Can you pass me ______ paper?”,这里就需要用 “a piece of” 来修饰不可数名词 “paper”。
习惯用法:一些特定的表达方式或句型是英语中的习惯用法。比如 “It takes sb. some time to do sth.”(做某事花费某人一些时间),在句子 “It ______ me about an hour to finish my homework every day.” 中,就应填 “takes”。
(三)逻辑推理
根据上下文推断:学生需要依据前文提供的信息,对后文的内容或选项进行合理推断。例如文章前面提到 “The weather is getting colder and colder.”(天气越来越冷了),后面出现 “So people start to ______ their thick coats.”,根据前文天气变冷的信息,可推断出人们开始穿厚外套,选项中 “put on” 就比较符合逻辑。
因果关系推理:通过分析句子之间的因果联系来选择正确答案。如 “The road is wet ______ it rained heavily last night.”,这里前后是因果关系,因为昨晚下大雨,所以路是湿的,应选 “because”。
(四)语法知识
时态运用:说明文通常以一般现在时为主,用于陈述客观事实、普遍真理等。但如果涉及到说明对象的发展历程等,也会用到其他时态。比如在介绍造纸术的发展时,“Paper - making was invented in ancient China. Since then, it ______ (spread) to many other countries.”,这里根据时间状语 “Since then” 可知要用现在完成时,应填 “has spread”。
主谓一致:考查主语和谓语在人称和数上的一致性。在句子 “The number of students in our class ______ (be) 45.” 中,“The number of...” 表示 “…… 的数量”,作主语时谓语动词用单数形式,所以应填 “is”。而 “A number of students in our class ______ (like) reading.” 中,“A number of...” 表示 “许多”,修饰可数名词复数,作主语时谓语动词用复数形式,应填 “like”。
三、设空方式
(一)在说明对象关键特征处设空
核心特点描述:在介绍说明对象最主要、最独特的特征时设空。比如在一篇介绍大象的说明文中,“Elephants are famous for their long ______ (noses /ears/tails). They use them to pick up food, drink water and greet each other.”,这里需要学生根据大象长鼻子这一显著特征,选择 “noses”。
习性相关描述:对说明对象的生活习性进行描述时设空。如在介绍猫头鹰的文章中,“Owls are nocturnal animals. They usually ______ (sleep /hunt/play) at night and rest during the day.”,根据猫头鹰夜间活动捕食的习性,应选 “hunt”。
(二)在说明方法运用处设空
举例说明处:在通过举例说明时,对例子相关内容设空。例如在介绍水果营养的文章中,“Fruits are rich in vitamins. For example, oranges are a good source of vitamin C, and ______ (apples /bananas/strawberries) are full of vitamin K.”,学生要根据对各种水果营养成分的了解,选择富含维生素 K 的 “strawberries”。
对比说明处:在进行对比说明时,对对比内容设空。在比较自行车和汽车的文章里,“Bicycles are much more environmentally - friendly than cars. They don't produce harmful gases, while cars ______ (do /don't /can).”,这里根据对比逻辑,汽车会产生有害气体,所以应选 “do”。
(三)在逻辑连接词处设空
因果关系连接词:在句子之间存在因果关系时,设空表示因果的连接词。如 “The air in the city is polluted ______ (because /so/but) there are too many cars.”,根据前后因果关系,因为车太多所以空气污染,应选 “because”。
转折关系连接词:当句子之间有转折含义时,设空转折连接词。例如 “This kind of plant looks very weak. ______ (However / And / So), it can survive in very harsh environments.”,这里前后是转折关系,尽管植物看起来弱,但能在恶劣环境生存,应选 “However”。
四、解答策略
(一)通读全文,把握主旨
关注首句:说明文的首句通常会点明说明对象,对理解全文至关重要。比如首句为 “Computers have become an important part of our daily lives.”(电脑已经成为我们日常生活的重要部分),从这句话我们能知道文章要围绕电脑展开介绍,为后续阅读明确方向。
整体理解:跳过空格,快速通读全文,了解文章主要在说明什么,是介绍一种事物、解释一个现象,还是说明一个过程等。例如阅读一篇关于四季变化的说明文,快速浏览后要明白文章是从气温、降水、自然景观等方面对四季进行说明。
(二)结合语境,辨析词汇
分析词汇含义:对于词汇辨析题,要仔细分析每个选项的含义,结合上下文语境判断哪个词最合适。比如在句子 “The ______ (price /cost/value) of this book is $20.” 中,“price” 侧重于商品的价格,“cost” 强调花费的成本,“value” 更注重价值。根据语境这里说的是书的价格是 20 美元,应选 “price”。
考虑固定搭配:平时要积累常见的固定搭配和习惯用法,做题时看到相关短语,能迅速反应出正确形式。如在 “He is good ______ (at /in/on) English.” 中,“be good at...” 是固定搭配,表示 “擅长……”,所以应选 “at”。
(三)依据逻辑,合理推断
分析上下文逻辑关系:认真分析句子之间、段落之间的逻辑联系,如因果、转折、并列、递进等。如果前文提到原因,后文可能考查结果;如果出现转折词,前后内容往往相反。例如在文章中提到 “The weather was fine. ______, we decided to go for a picnic.”,这里前后是因果关系,天气好所以决定去野餐,应选 “So”。
利用说明方法辅助推理:如果文章运用了举例、对比、数字等说明方法,要借助这些方法进行推理。比如在通过对比说明两种产品的文章中,根据已知产品的特点和对比逻辑,能推断出另一种产品的相关特点。
(四)检查答案,确保准确
语法检查:检查所填答案在语法上是否正确,包括动词的时态、语态,名词的单复数,代词的格,以及各种从句的引导词等。例如检查句子 “He ______ (go) to school by bike every day.” 中,“go” 的形式是否正确,根据 “every day” 可知用一般现在时,主语 “He” 是第三人称单数,所以应填 “goes”。
逻辑与语义检查:再次通读全文,看填入答案后的文章在逻辑上是否连贯、合理,语义是否通顺。比如检查说明对象的特征描述是否准确,句子之间的过渡是否自然等。如果发现有逻辑不合理或语义不通的地方,要重新思考答案。
五、语段分析
There are four seasons in a year. They are spring, summer, autumn and winter. Each season has its own 1 .
Spring is a wonderful season. The weather gets 2 . The grass turns green, and the flowers start to 3 . People often go out to 4 the fresh air and enjoy the beautiful scenery.
Summer comes after spring. It is the 5 season of the year. The sun shines brightly. Many people like to go 6 in the river to keep cool. They also enjoy having ice - cream.
Autumn is a season of 7 . The leaves on the trees turn yellow and start to 8 . Farmers are busy harvesting crops. It is a time to celebrate the harvest.
Winter is the 9 season. The weather is cold. Sometimes it snows. Children love to play 10 the snow. They can make snowmen and have snowball fights.
1.A. features B. sports C. foods D. clothes
【试题解析】文章接下来分别介绍了四季不同的特点,如春天草木生长,夏天炎热人们游泳吃冰淇淋等。A 选项 “features”(特点)符合语境,文章是在讲每个季节有自己的特点。B 选项 “sports”(运动)、C 选项 “foods”(食物)、D 选项 “clothes”(衣服)都过于片面,不能概括四季各自的特性,所以选 A。
2.A. cold B. hot C. warm D. cool
【试题解析】春天的典型特征是天气变暖。A 选项 “cold”(寒冷的)是冬天的特点;B 选项 “hot”(炎热的)是夏天的特点;D 选项 “cool”(凉爽的)是秋天的特点。C 选项 “warm”(温暖的)符合春天天气变化,所以选 C。
3.A. sleep B. grow C. die D. rest
【试题解析】春天花朵开始生长开放。A 选项 “sleep”(睡觉)、D 选项 “rest”(休息)不符合花朵在春天的状态;C 选项 “die”(死亡)通常不是春天花朵的情况。B 选项 “grow”(生长)正确,所以选 B。
4.A. smell B. taste C. breathe D. see
【试题解析】人们外出是为了呼吸新鲜空气。A 选项 “smell”(闻),空气主要是用来呼吸的,用 “闻” 不太准确;B 选项 “taste”(品尝)与空气搭配不当;D 选项 “see”(看见)不能体现与空气的关系。C 选项 “breathe”(呼吸)符合,所以选 C。
5.A. coldest B. hottest C. warmest D. coolest
【试题解析】夏天是一年中最热的季节。A 选项 “coldest”(最冷的)是冬天的特征;C 选项 “warmest”(最温暖的)是春天的特点;D 选项 “coolest”(最凉爽的)是秋天的特点。B 选项 “hottest”(最热的)符合夏天,所以选 B。
6.A. shopping B. fishing C. swimming D. hiking
【试题解析】夏天人们为了凉快会去河里游泳。A 选项 “shopping”(购物)与在河里做的事无关;B 选项 “fishing”(钓鱼)重点不在凉快;D 选项 “hiking”(徒步旅行)一般不在河里进行。C 选项 “swimming”(游泳)符合夏天人们在河里的活动,所以选 C。
7.A. harvest B. planting C. playing D. singing
【试题解析】秋天是收获的季节。B 选项 “planting”(种植)一般是春天的活动;C 选项 “playing”(玩耍)、D 选项 “singing”(唱歌)不能突出秋天的主要特征。A 选项 “harvest”(收获)正确,所以选 A。
8.A. come up B. fall down C. go up D. stand up
【试题解析】秋天树叶变黄并开始掉落。A 选项 “come up”(出现、发生)、C 选项 “go up”(上升)、D 选项 “stand up”(站起来)都不符合树叶在秋天的状态。B 选项 “fall down”(掉落)符合,所以选 B。
9.A. first B. second C. third D. last
【试题解析】冬天是一年中最后一个季节。A 选项 “first”(第一)是春天;B 选项 “second”(第二)是夏天;C 选项 “third”(第三)是秋天。D 选项 “last”(最后的)符合冬天在四季中的顺序,所以选 D。
10.A. on B. in C. at D. with
【试题解析】孩子们在雪地里玩耍,“play in the snow” 是固定表达。A 选项 “on”(在…… 上面)、C 选项 “at”(在…… 地点)、D 选项 “with”(和…… 一起)与 “snow” 搭配,都不能准确表达在雪地里玩耍的意思。B 选项 “in” 正确,所以选 B。
1
In America, the school day usually starts at 9a.m. and ___1______at about 4 p.m. The school subjects are different from ____2____. In China, we always have Chinese, maths, English, P.E. and so on. But in America, students have more lessons, such as ___3____ and driving lessons. Their school life isn’t just about study. They have ____4_____things to do than the Chinese students do. There ____5___ many clubs in American schools, too. If the students are___6_____in sports, they can join different sports clubs. From 2:30 p.m. ___7____4 p.m., they do different things in different clubs.
Maybe you think English is very popular in the world, ____8____ American students don’t need to learn any ____9_____ language. But that’s not true, American children from the age of seven ____10_____ learn a foreign language. For example, they learn French or Chinese.
1.A.finish B.finished C.finishes D.finishing
2.A.we B.us C.our D.ours
3.A.cooking B.cooks C.cook D.cooked
4.A.many B.much C.more D.most
5.A.is B.are C.was D.were
6.A.interest B.interets C.interesting D.interested
7.A.in B.for C.to D.of
8.A.so B.but C.when D.or
9.A.another B.other C.others D.the other
10.A.need to B.must C.have to D.should
2
This is a map of our school. There 1 six buildings in our school: a library, 2 office building, a classroom building, a dining hall, a sports hall and a science building. In the middle of the 3 is a big playground. The library is 4 the left of the playground near the school gate. There are many 5 , maps and computers in it. Behind the library, on the left, are the school offices. Between this building 6 the dining hall is the classroom building 7 twenty-four classrooms. On the right of the classroom building is the 8 hall. In front of the dining hall is the sports hall and the 9 in front of that is for science. There are six 10 labs and five computer rooms in the science building.
1.A.is B.am C.are D.be
2.A.a B.an C.the D./
3.A.school B.farm C.hospital D.shop
4.A.at B.in C.for D.on
5.A.books B.film C.kitchen D.shop
6.A.or B.and C.but D.also
7.A.on B.at C.to D.with
8.A.reading B.sports C.dining D.clothes
9.A.music B.building C.hotel D.cinema
10.A.food B.animal C.science D.plant
3
We live in computer age (时代). People 1 scientists, teachers, writers and even students use computers to do all kinds of work. But more than 30 years ago, 2 couldn't do much. They were very big and expensive. Very 3 people were interested in them and knew how to use them. Today computers are smaller and 4 . But they can do a lot of work, many people like to use them. Some people 5 have them at home.
Computers become very important because they can work 6 than people and make fewer mistakes. Computers can 7 people do a lot of work. Writers now use computers to 8 . Teachers use them to help teaching. Students use them to 9 . Computers can also remember what you 10 them. Computers are very useful and helpful. They are our friends. Do you want to have a computer?
1.A.like B.as C.and D.with
2.A.students B.scientists C.teachers D.computers
3.A.few B.a few C.little D.a little
4.A.cheap B.cheaper C.more expensive D.expensive
5.A.even B.still C.already D.yet
6.A.fast B.faster C.slow D.slower
7.A.help B.make C.stop D.use
8.A.write B.play C.study D.learn
9.A.sing B.study C.dance D.watch
10.A.put in B.put on C.put into D.put up
4
What will our life be like in the future? Each 1 will have a robot in the future. You can ask it to do 2 for you at home. It will serve(服务)you 24 3 a day, so you will be free all day. The robot will look like a person. It can talk with you when you are 4 . You won’t know it is a person 5 a robot when you meet it in the street.
People will have less(更少的)time to work and 6 time to travel. The vehicles(交通工 具)in the future will 7 freely in the sky because every vehicle will have wings(翅膀)with it. They will take you to any place you want to 8 . You can sleep if you feel 9 during the travelling. All vehicles will be safe because the robots will 10 them.
1.A.team B.family C.square D.village
2.A.anything B.nobody C.everyone D.nothing
3.A.hours B.days C.weeks D.years
4.A.each other B.all alone C.over there D.as well
5.A.and B.or C.so D.because
6.A.little B.few C.lot D.more
7.A.walk B.sit C.fly D.stand
8.A.help B.make C.visit D.leave
9.A.bored B.hungry C.happy D.tired
10.A.drive B.turn C.point D.shake
5
What should we do to stay healthy?
One important rule is to exercise 1 .The Lee's family try to exercise every day. Lee Fang 2 exercise in the morning because he must be at his job at exactly seven o'clock. But he runs every evening. He would rather run than watch TV. He walks a lot, 3 .He walks to school every day,and after school he 4 different sports with his friends. Lee Fang goes to a yoga(瑜伽)class 5 .
But it wasn't 6 this way. Last year Mr. and Mrs.
Lee used to 7 everywhere,even to the drugstore(药店)two blocks(街区)away. They thought they had to use the car all the time. They wouldn't walk. The Lee's all 8 better now. And they believe you mustn't be lazy. You 9 exercise every day. But you should 10 to get in shape and stay in shape(身体健康).
1.A.often B.sometimes C.late D.later
2.A.may not B.can not C.would D.should not
3.A.either B.also C.too D.again
4.A.watches B.plays C.loves D.practices
5.A.in two weeks B.for two weeks C.after two weeks D.twice a week
6.A.always B.often C.usually D.sometimes
7.A.ride B.drive C.fly D.walk
8.A.had B.make C.feel D.feel like
9.A.needn't B.don’t C.won't have to D.mustn’t
10.A.try B.want C.wish D.hope
6
When you walk to a bus stop or come back from an underground station, 1 on the sidewalk(人行道).
You should 2 the street at a zebra crossing or a street corner, and then wait for the 3 to turn(变成) green.
It is 4 to look carefully to the left, right and left again before you cross the street. Don’t try to walk 5 any area when cars or buses don’t stop. If you must do so, stop and look 6 when you are walking between cars and buses.
Don’t run across the street because the cars and the buses are very 7 . They may hurt(伤害) you. If you see a car, wait until it 8 by. Then look left, right and left again until no car is coming. Wear clothes in bright colours. It is easy for 9 in buses or cars to see you during the daytime.
Walking is a kind of great 10 that you can go almost anywhere. Also, it’s free. However, always remember: keeping safe(安全) is important!
1.A.go B.drive C.step D.walk
2.A.go along B.walk across C.run down D.jump up
3.A.cars B.lamps C.lights D.leaves
4.A.important B.different C.surprised D.difficult
5.A.with B.through C.along D.from
6.A.carefully B.careful C.after D.for
7.A.quickly B.fast C.busy D.much
8.A.drives B.flies C.goes D.walks
9.A.workers B.teachers C.policemen D.drivers
10.A.sport B.game C.job D.exercise
7
Sometimes you may quarrel(争吵) with your friends or family members. That can make you feel 1 . At that time, saying 2 can help. Here are some ideas about saying sorry.
There are some 3 we can learn. For example, “I am sorry for 4 I say.” “I am sorry I lost your book.” “I am sorry I 5 your glass. It’s not right. I won’t do it again.” You can feel good when you say sorry 6 you are trying to make things right again.
Saying “I am sorry” when you need is the right 7 to do. It does a lot of good. It helps show that you 8 to be friendly again. If you can do a nice thing for the 9 after you say sorry to him or her, then maybe you can both feel friendly again. Everyone can be 10 and saying sorry is the best way.
1.A.interesting B.sad C.happy D.boring
2.A.hi B.goodbye C.sorry D.good morning
3.A.stories B.news C.ways D.books
4.A.why B.how C.who D.what
5.A.like B.break C.agree D.see
6.A.and B.until C.because D.when
7.A.time B.thing C.rule D.place
8.A.want B.like C.need D.plan
9.A.person B.city C.school D.people
10.A.well B.hard C.right D.wrong
8
What is a museum? A museum is a good place to keep 1 and beautiful things. A museum may be a place to learn about science. A museum can be a place 2 art of humans or animals.
What is inside a museum? Some museums 3 old cars and airplanes. 4 museums have pictures and sculptures. Others have rocks and old bones. One museum even has 5 coal mine inside!
Many cities have museums. Some very small 6 have museums, 7 . Indianapolis has a 8 museum. Children do not have to pay to get in. Children often go to the museum. They like 9 at the dinosaur bones. They see a white bear ten feet tall,They go inside an old log cabin(小木屋). On Saturday,Indianapolis children can 10 talks about animals and trees.
1.A.new B.old C.Good D.important
2.A.for B.in C.about D.on
3.A.has B.have C.there is D.there are
4.A.A bit B.A little C.Much D.Many
5.A.the B.an C.a D./
6.A.homes B.towns C.villages D.countries
7.A.too B.also C.either D.neither
8.A.adults B.people's C.children's D.boy's
9.A.see B.to see C.look D.to look
10.A.listen B.listening C.hear D.hearing
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2025年暑假新七年级英语衔接学习系列
专题22 完形填空之说明文(类型与策略)
一、语篇特点
(一)结构严谨
总分总结构常见:说明文开篇往往直接点明说明对象,如 “Pandas are one of the most precious animals in the world.”(熊猫是世界上最珍贵的动物之一),明确文章要介绍熊猫。接着在中间部分从不同方面详细阐述说明对象的特征、习性、生活环境等,像介绍熊猫时,会说明它们以竹子为主食,喜欢栖息在山林之中,繁殖能力相对较低等。结尾部分则对全文进行总结,再次强调说明对象的重要性或独特之处,如 “In conclusion, pandas are not only national treasures of China but also play a crucial role in maintaining the ecological balance.”(总之,熊猫不仅是中国的国宝,而且在维持生态平衡中起着关键作用)。
段落层次分明:每个段落围绕一个中心内容展开,段落之间过渡自然。例如在一篇介绍四季的说明文中,一个段落专门描述春天,会提及春天的气温回升、万物复苏、花朵盛开等特点;下一个段落介绍夏天时,就会从炎热的天气、丰富的降水、人们的夏日活动等方面阐述,段落之间通过 “After spring comes summer.”(春天过后就是夏天)这样的过渡句连接,使文章逻辑清晰。
(二)语言客观准确
使用科学术语:为了精准描述说明对象,会运用一些专业、科学的术语。在介绍太阳系的说明文中,会出现 “solar system”(太阳系)、“planet”(行星)、“orbit”(轨道)等术语,如 “The Earth is one of the eight planets in the solar system and it moves around the sun in a fixed orbit.”(地球是太阳系八大行星之一,它在固定轨道上围绕太阳运转)。
较少情感色彩:与记叙文、议论文不同,说明文旨在客观呈现信息,作者一般不会过多表达个人情感。在描述一种植物时,只是客观地说明它的生长周期、形态特征等,不会加入诸如 “I really love this beautiful plant.”(我真的很喜欢这种美丽的植物)这样带有强烈主观情感的语句。
(三)说明方法多样
举例说明:通过列举具体例子让读者更好地理解说明对象。在介绍动物的保护色时,会举例 “Chameleons can change their colors according to the environment around them. For example, when they are on green leaves, they turn green to hide themselves from predators.”(变色龙能根据周围环境改变颜色。例如,当它们在绿叶上时,会变成绿色以躲避捕食者)。
对比说明:将说明对象与其他相关事物进行对比,突出其特点。在介绍智能手机与传统手机时,会说 “Smartphones are much more powerful than traditional mobile phones. They can not only make calls and send messages but also run various applications, while traditional mobile phones mainly focus on basic communication functions.”(智能手机比传统手机功能强大得多。它们不仅能打电话、发短信,还能运行各种应用程序,而传统手机主要侧重于基本通信功能)。
数字说明:运用数字使说明更具准确性和说服力。在介绍学校图书馆藏书量时,会提到 “Our school library has more than 50,000 books, covering different fields such as literature, science, and history.”(我们学校图书馆有五万多册图书,涵盖文学、科学、历史等不同领域)。
二、试题考法
(一)词汇辨析
近义词辨析:考查学生对相近词汇在意义和用法上细微差别的理解。例如给出 “look”“see”“watch” 这一组词,在句子 “We can ______ many beautiful birds in the forest.” 中,需要学生根据 “see” 强调看到的结果这一用法,选择 “see”。因为这里强调在森林里能看到很多漂亮的鸟,是看到的结果,而 “look” 强调看的动作,“watch” 侧重于长时间注视、观看动态的事物,不符合此语境。
同根词辨析:对于由相同词根构成的不同词性或词义的词进行考查。比如 “use”(使用,动词)、“useful”(有用的,形容词)、“useless”(无用的,形容词),在句子 “This tool is very ______ for fixing the machine.” 中,根据语境需要一个形容词来描述工具对修理机器的作用,应选 “useful”。
(二)固定搭配与习惯用法
动词短语搭配:许多动词与介词、副词等构成固定短语,具有特定含义。如 “look after”(照顾)、“put on”(穿上)、“give up”(放弃)等。在题目 “My mother asks me to ______ my little brother when she is out.” 中,根据语境应选 “look after”。
名词短语搭配:像 “a piece of”(一张 / 一片 / 一条……)、“a pair of”(一双 / 一对……)等。例如 “Can you pass me ______ paper?”,这里就需要用 “a piece of” 来修饰不可数名词 “paper”。
习惯用法:一些特定的表达方式或句型是英语中的习惯用法。比如 “It takes sb. some time to do sth.”(做某事花费某人一些时间),在句子 “It ______ me about an hour to finish my homework every day.” 中,就应填 “takes”。
(三)逻辑推理
根据上下文推断:学生需要依据前文提供的信息,对后文的内容或选项进行合理推断。例如文章前面提到 “The weather is getting colder and colder.”(天气越来越冷了),后面出现 “So people start to ______ their thick coats.”,根据前文天气变冷的信息,可推断出人们开始穿厚外套,选项中 “put on” 就比较符合逻辑。
因果关系推理:通过分析句子之间的因果联系来选择正确答案。如 “The road is wet ______ it rained heavily last night.”,这里前后是因果关系,因为昨晚下大雨,所以路是湿的,应选 “because”。
(四)语法知识
时态运用:说明文通常以一般现在时为主,用于陈述客观事实、普遍真理等。但如果涉及到说明对象的发展历程等,也会用到其他时态。比如在介绍造纸术的发展时,“Paper - making was invented in ancient China. Since then, it ______ (spread) to many other countries.”,这里根据时间状语 “Since then” 可知要用现在完成时,应填 “has spread”。
主谓一致:考查主语和谓语在人称和数上的一致性。在句子 “The number of students in our class ______ (be) 45.” 中,“The number of...” 表示 “…… 的数量”,作主语时谓语动词用单数形式,所以应填 “is”。而 “A number of students in our class ______ (like) reading.” 中,“A number of...” 表示 “许多”,修饰可数名词复数,作主语时谓语动词用复数形式,应填 “like”。
三、设空方式
(一)在说明对象关键特征处设空
核心特点描述:在介绍说明对象最主要、最独特的特征时设空。比如在一篇介绍大象的说明文中,“Elephants are famous for their long ______ (noses /ears/tails). They use them to pick up food, drink water and greet each other.”,这里需要学生根据大象长鼻子这一显著特征,选择 “noses”。
习性相关描述:对说明对象的生活习性进行描述时设空。如在介绍猫头鹰的文章中,“Owls are nocturnal animals. They usually ______ (sleep /hunt/play) at night and rest during the day.”,根据猫头鹰夜间活动捕食的习性,应选 “hunt”。
(二)在说明方法运用处设空
举例说明处:在通过举例说明时,对例子相关内容设空。例如在介绍水果营养的文章中,“Fruits are rich in vitamins. For example, oranges are a good source of vitamin C, and ______ (apples /bananas/strawberries) are full of vitamin K.”,学生要根据对各种水果营养成分的了解,选择富含维生素 K 的 “strawberries”。
对比说明处:在进行对比说明时,对对比内容设空。在比较自行车和汽车的文章里,“Bicycles are much more environmentally - friendly than cars. They don't produce harmful gases, while cars ______ (do /don't /can).”,这里根据对比逻辑,汽车会产生有害气体,所以应选 “do”。
(三)在逻辑连接词处设空
因果关系连接词:在句子之间存在因果关系时,设空表示因果的连接词。如 “The air in the city is polluted ______ (because /so/but) there are too many cars.”,根据前后因果关系,因为车太多所以空气污染,应选 “because”。
转折关系连接词:当句子之间有转折含义时,设空转折连接词。例如 “This kind of plant looks very weak. ______ (However / And / So), it can survive in very harsh environments.”,这里前后是转折关系,尽管植物看起来弱,但能在恶劣环境生存,应选 “However”。
四、解答策略
(一)通读全文,把握主旨
关注首句:说明文的首句通常会点明说明对象,对理解全文至关重要。比如首句为 “Computers have become an important part of our daily lives.”(电脑已经成为我们日常生活的重要部分),从这句话我们能知道文章要围绕电脑展开介绍,为后续阅读明确方向。
整体理解:跳过空格,快速通读全文,了解文章主要在说明什么,是介绍一种事物、解释一个现象,还是说明一个过程等。例如阅读一篇关于四季变化的说明文,快速浏览后要明白文章是从气温、降水、自然景观等方面对四季进行说明。
(二)结合语境,辨析词汇
分析词汇含义:对于词汇辨析题,要仔细分析每个选项的含义,结合上下文语境判断哪个词最合适。比如在句子 “The ______ (price /cost/value) of this book is $20.” 中,“price” 侧重于商品的价格,“cost” 强调花费的成本,“value” 更注重价值。根据语境这里说的是书的价格是 20 美元,应选 “price”。
考虑固定搭配:平时要积累常见的固定搭配和习惯用法,做题时看到相关短语,能迅速反应出正确形式。如在 “He is good ______ (at /in/on) English.” 中,“be good at...” 是固定搭配,表示 “擅长……”,所以应选 “at”。
(三)依据逻辑,合理推断
分析上下文逻辑关系:认真分析句子之间、段落之间的逻辑联系,如因果、转折、并列、递进等。如果前文提到原因,后文可能考查结果;如果出现转折词,前后内容往往相反。例如在文章中提到 “The weather was fine. ______, we decided to go for a picnic.”,这里前后是因果关系,天气好所以决定去野餐,应选 “So”。
利用说明方法辅助推理:如果文章运用了举例、对比、数字等说明方法,要借助这些方法进行推理。比如在通过对比说明两种产品的文章中,根据已知产品的特点和对比逻辑,能推断出另一种产品的相关特点。
(四)检查答案,确保准确
语法检查:检查所填答案在语法上是否正确,包括动词的时态、语态,名词的单复数,代词的格,以及各种从句的引导词等。例如检查句子 “He ______ (go) to school by bike every day.” 中,“go” 的形式是否正确,根据 “every day” 可知用一般现在时,主语 “He” 是第三人称单数,所以应填 “goes”。
逻辑与语义检查:再次通读全文,看填入答案后的文章在逻辑上是否连贯、合理,语义是否通顺。比如检查说明对象的特征描述是否准确,句子之间的过渡是否自然等。如果发现有逻辑不合理或语义不通的地方,要重新思考答案。
五、语段分析
There are four seasons in a year. They are spring, summer, autumn and winter. Each season has its own 1 .
Spring is a wonderful season. The weather gets 2 . The grass turns green, and the flowers start to 3 . People often go out to 4 the fresh air and enjoy the beautiful scenery.
Summer comes after spring. It is the 5 season of the year. The sun shines brightly. Many people like to go 6 in the river to keep cool. They also enjoy having ice - cream.
Autumn is a season of 7 . The leaves on the trees turn yellow and start to 8 . Farmers are busy harvesting crops. It is a time to celebrate the harvest.
Winter is the 9 season. The weather is cold. Sometimes it snows. Children love to play 10 the snow. They can make snowmen and have snowball fights.
1.A. features B. sports C. foods D. clothes
【试题解析】文章接下来分别介绍了四季不同的特点,如春天草木生长,夏天炎热人们游泳吃冰淇淋等。A 选项 “features”(特点)符合语境,文章是在讲每个季节有自己的特点。B 选项 “sports”(运动)、C 选项 “foods”(食物)、D 选项 “clothes”(衣服)都过于片面,不能概括四季各自的特性,所以选 A。
2.A. cold B. hot C. warm D. cool
【试题解析】春天的典型特征是天气变暖。A 选项 “cold”(寒冷的)是冬天的特点;B 选项 “hot”(炎热的)是夏天的特点;D 选项 “cool”(凉爽的)是秋天的特点。C 选项 “warm”(温暖的)符合春天天气变化,所以选 C。
3.A. sleep B. grow C. die D. rest
【试题解析】春天花朵开始生长开放。A 选项 “sleep”(睡觉)、D 选项 “rest”(休息)不符合花朵在春天的状态;C 选项 “die”(死亡)通常不是春天花朵的情况。B 选项 “grow”(生长)正确,所以选 B。
4.A. smell B. taste C. breathe D. see
【试题解析】人们外出是为了呼吸新鲜空气。A 选项 “smell”(闻),空气主要是用来呼吸的,用 “闻” 不太准确;B 选项 “taste”(品尝)与空气搭配不当;D 选项 “see”(看见)不能体现与空气的关系。C 选项 “breathe”(呼吸)符合,所以选 C。
5.A. coldest B. hottest C. warmest D. coolest
【试题解析】夏天是一年中最热的季节。A 选项 “coldest”(最冷的)是冬天的特征;C 选项 “warmest”(最温暖的)是春天的特点;D 选项 “coolest”(最凉爽的)是秋天的特点。B 选项 “hottest”(最热的)符合夏天,所以选 B。
6.A. shopping B. fishing C. swimming D. hiking
【试题解析】夏天人们为了凉快会去河里游泳。A 选项 “shopping”(购物)与在河里做的事无关;B 选项 “fishing”(钓鱼)重点不在凉快;D 选项 “hiking”(徒步旅行)一般不在河里进行。C 选项 “swimming”(游泳)符合夏天人们在河里的活动,所以选 C。
7.A. harvest B. planting C. playing D. singing
【试题解析】秋天是收获的季节。B 选项 “planting”(种植)一般是春天的活动;C 选项 “playing”(玩耍)、D 选项 “singing”(唱歌)不能突出秋天的主要特征。A 选项 “harvest”(收获)正确,所以选 A。
8.A. come up B. fall down C. go up D. stand up
【试题解析】秋天树叶变黄并开始掉落。A 选项 “come up”(出现、发生)、C 选项 “go up”(上升)、D 选项 “stand up”(站起来)都不符合树叶在秋天的状态。B 选项 “fall down”(掉落)符合,所以选 B。
9.A. first B. second C. third D. last
【试题解析】冬天是一年中最后一个季节。A 选项 “first”(第一)是春天;B 选项 “second”(第二)是夏天;C 选项 “third”(第三)是秋天。D 选项 “last”(最后的)符合冬天在四季中的顺序,所以选 D。
10.A. on B. in C. at D. with
【试题解析】孩子们在雪地里玩耍,“play in the snow” 是固定表达。A 选项 “on”(在…… 上面)、C 选项 “at”(在…… 地点)、D 选项 “with”(和…… 一起)与 “snow” 搭配,都不能准确表达在雪地里玩耍的意思。B 选项 “in” 正确,所以选 B。
1
In America, the school day usually starts at 9a.m. and ___1______at about 4 p.m. The school subjects are different from ____2____. In China, we always have Chinese, maths, English, P.E. and so on. But in America, students have more lessons, such as ___3____ and driving lessons. Their school life isn’t just about study. They have ____4_____things to do than the Chinese students do. There ____5___ many clubs in American schools, too. If the students are___6_____in sports, they can join different sports clubs. From 2:30 p.m. ___7____4 p.m., they do different things in different clubs.
Maybe you think English is very popular in the world, ____8____ American students don’t need to learn any ____9_____ language. But that’s not true, American children from the age of seven ____10_____ learn a foreign language. For example, they learn French or Chinese.
1.A.finish B.finished C.finishes D.finishing
2.A.we B.us C.our D.ours
3.A.cooking B.cooks C.cook D.cooked
4.A.many B.much C.more D.most
5.A.is B.are C.was D.were
6.A.interest B.interets C.interesting D.interested
7.A.in B.for C.to D.of
8.A.so B.but C.when D.or
9.A.another B.other C.others D.the other
10.A.need to B.must C.have to D.should
【答案】
1.C 2.D 3.A 4.C 5.B 6.D 7.C 8.A 9.B 10.C
【解析】试题分析::本文叙述了美国的教育和中国的不同,中国的学校的学生只学习功课,而美国的学生可以根据自己的爱好参加各种形式的俱乐部,可以在学校学习烹饪和驾驶等。他们从7岁开始学习外语。
1.C考查动词的时态及语境理解。句意:在美国,每天的上课时间通常在9点开始,并在下午4点结束。A. finish动词原形;B. finished 动词过去式;C. finishes动词三单形式;D. finishing动词分词。and为并列连词,连接前后的时态保持一致。应该用一般现在时态。答案为C。
2.D考查代词及语境理解。句意:学校的功课不同于我们的功课。A. we我们,主格;B. us我们,宾格;C. our我们的;D. ours我们的,名词性物主代词。放在句末的是名词性物主代词。依据句意,答案为D。
3.A考查分词及语境理解。句意:例如烹饪课和驾驶课,A. cooking动词分词;B. cooks动词三单形式;C. cook 动词原形;D. cooked动词过去式。such as例如,as为介词,后跟分词形式。故答案为A。
4.C考查比较级及语境理解。句意:他们比中国的学生有更多的事情要做。A. many许多;B. much许多;C. more更多的;D. most最多的。根据后面的比较连词than可知这里应该用比较级,故选C。
5.B考查主谓一致及语境理解。句意:在美国的学校也有。many clubs许多的俱乐部,为名词的复数形式,故be动词用复数形式,整篇文章都是用一般现在时态来完成的。答案为B。
6.D考查形容词及语境理解。句意:如果学生对运动感兴趣,他们可以参加不同的体育俱乐部。be interested in对……感兴趣。答案为D。
7.C考查介词及语境理解。句意:从下午两点半到下午四点钟,他们在不同的俱乐部做各种不同的事情。A. in在……里;B. for为了;C. to到;D. of属于;……的。from…to从………到。故答案为C。
8.A考查连词及语境理解。句意:也许你认为英语在世界上很受欢迎,因此美国学生没有必要学习其他的语言。A. so因此;B. but但是;C. when当……时候;D. or或者,否则。前后句表示因果关系。因此答案为A。
9.B考查形容词及语境理解。句意:因此美国学生没有必要学习其他的语言。A. another另一个;B. other 别的,其它的;C. others其余的;D. the other另一个。any other +单数名词,意思是其它任何的。依据句意理解,故答案为B。
10.C考查情态动词及语境理解。句意:美国的孩子从7岁必须学外语。A. need to需要; B. must必须;C. have to 必须,不得不;D. should应该。must侧重于说话者的主观看法,have to侧重指客观需要,含有“不得不”或“被迫”之意。结合语境理解,答案为C。
2
This is a map of our school. There 1 six buildings in our school: a library, 2 office building, a classroom building, a dining hall, a sports hall and a science building. In the middle of the 3 is a big playground. The library is 4 the left of the playground near the school gate. There are many 5 , maps and computers in it. Behind the library, on the left, are the school offices. Between this building 6 the dining hall is the classroom building 7 twenty-four classrooms. On the right of the classroom building is the 8 hall. In front of the dining hall is the sports hall and the 9 in front of that is for science. There are six 10 labs and five computer rooms in the science building.
1.A.is B.am C.are D.be
2.A.a B.an C.the D./
3.A.school B.farm C.hospital D.shop
4.A.at B.in C.for D.on
5.A.books B.film C.kitchen D.shop
6.A.or B.and C.but D.also
7.A.on B.at C.to D.with
8.A.reading B.sports C.dining D.clothes
9.A.music B.building C.hotel D.cinema
10.A.food B.animal C.science D.plant
【答案】
1.C 2.B 3.A 4.D 5.A 6.B 7.D 8.C 9.B 10.C
【解析】试题分析:短文大意:这篇短文作者主要介绍了自己的学校的建筑结构以及这些建筑物的内部结构,功能等内容.
1.考查语境理解及there be句型。There be句型表示“某地(或某时)存在有某人(或某物),而并非某地(某人、某物或某时)拥有什么东西”,句中有若干个名词作主语,动词be常与后面主语中的第一个名词在数上一致。结合语境可知本句指的是,我们学校有六座大楼。本句主语是复数形式,故谓语动词用复数,选C。
2.考查语境理解及冠词。结合语境可知此处指的是,一座办公楼。Office词首音素是元音,故不定冠词用an,选B。
3.考查语境理解及名词。School学校;farm农场;hospital医院;shop商店;结合语境可知此处指的是,在学校中间是一个大操场。故选A。
4.考查语境理解及介词。At在时间,空间的一点;in在里面;for为了,对于;on在上面;结合语境可知图书馆在操场的左边。故选D。
5.考查语境理解及名词。Books书籍;film电影;kitchen厨房;shop商店;联系前一句描述,可知图书馆里面有很多书籍。故选A。
6.考查语境理解及连词。Or否则,或者;and和,并且;but但是,可是;also也;结合语境可知此处指的是在这座楼和餐厅之间是教学楼。故选B。
7.考查语境理解及介词。On在上面;at在时间空间的一点;to到,向;with带有,伴随。结合语境可知此处指的是有24间教室的教学楼。故选D。
8.考查语境理解及名词。Reading阅读,读物;sports运动;dining吃饭,进餐;clothes衣服,服装;联系后一句在餐厅前面是运动大厅。可知此处指的是,在教学楼的右边是餐厅。故选C。
9.考查语境理解及名词。Music音乐;building建筑物;hotel饭店,宾馆;cinema 电影;结合于可知此处指的是它前面的建筑。故选B。
10.考查语境理解及名词。Food食物,食品;animal动物;cience科学;plant植物,种植。结合语境可知此处指的是科学楼里面有六间实验室。故选C。
3
We live in computer age (时代). People 1 scientists, teachers, writers and even students use computers to do all kinds of work. But more than 30 years ago, 2 couldn't do much. They were very big and expensive. Very 3 people were interested in them and knew how to use them. Today computers are smaller and 4 . But they can do a lot of work, many people like to use them. Some people 5 have them at home.
Computers become very important because they can work 6 than people and make fewer mistakes. Computers can 7 people do a lot of work. Writers now use computers to 8 . Teachers use them to help teaching. Students use them to 9 . Computers can also remember what you 10 them. Computers are very useful and helpful. They are our friends. Do you want to have a computer?
1.A.like B.as C.and D.with
2.A.students B.scientists C.teachers D.computers
3.A.few B.a few C.little D.a little
4.A.cheap B.cheaper C.more expensive D.expensive
5.A.even B.still C.already D.yet
6.A.fast B.faster C.slow D.slower
7.A.help B.make C.stop D.use
8.A.write B.play C.study D.learn
9.A.sing B.study C.dance D.watch
10.A.put in B.put on C.put into D.put up
【答案】
1.A 2.D 3.A 4.B 5.C 6.B 7.A 8.A 9.B 10.C
【解析】试题分析:这篇短文讲述了电脑在人们生活中的变化。在以前,电脑又大又贵,很少有人会使用。现在电脑变得又小又便宜,可以做很多工作,可以帮助人做很多工作。
1.考查介词与语境理解。这里后面的职业是进行举例,此句为:人们,例如科学家,老师,作家甚至学生都用电脑来做各种工作。A例如;B像;C和,而且;D有,故选A。
2.考查名词与语境理解。这里指电脑不能做很多工作,句意:但是30年前,电脑不能做很多工作。A学生;B科学家;C老师;D电脑,故选D。
3.考查形容词与语境理解。这里讲的是过去的情况,They were very big and expensive.它们很大又贵,所以此句为:没有什么人对它感兴趣或会使用它。A几乎没有,表否定,形容可数名词;B一些,修饰可数名词;C几乎没有,表否定,修饰不可数名词;D一些,修饰不可数名词,结合题意选A。
4.考查形容词与语境理解。这句跟前句形成对比They were very big and expensive.它们很大又贵,此句为:现在电脑变小变便宜了。A便宜;B更便宜,是cheap的比较级;
C更贵;D贵的,根据题意这里用比较级,故选B。
5.考查形容词与语境理解。跟以前相比,电脑可以做更多的事情,此句为:但是它们比以前做更多的工作。用比较级more,更多,故选C。A多,修饰不可数名词;B多,修饰可数名词;C更多,是many和much的比较级;D更少。
6.考查副词与语境理解。电脑比人工作要快,句意:电脑变得很重要因为它们比人工作得更快而且犯错更少。A快地;B更快,是fast的比较级;C慢的;D更慢,故选B。
7.考查动词与语境理解。根据后文电脑可以帮助人,句意:电脑可以帮助人做很多工作。A帮助;B使;C停止;D使用,故选A。
8.考查介词与语境理解。根据前文writer作者,此句为:作家可以用电脑写作。A写作;B玩;C研究,学习;D学习。故选A。
9.考查动词与语境理解。根据前文students学生,此句为:学生用电脑学习。A唱歌;B学习;C跳舞;D看,故选B。
10.考查动词与语境理解。结合选项词意,此句为:电脑可以记住你输入的内容。A提交;B穿上;C输入;D张贴,故选C。
4
What will our life be like in the future? Each 1 will have a robot in the future. You can ask it to do 2 for you at home. It will serve(服务)you 24 3 a day, so you will be free all day. The robot will look like a person. It can talk with you when you are 4 . You won’t know it is a person 5 a robot when you meet it in the street.
People will have less(更少的)time to work and 6 time to travel. The vehicles(交通工 具)in the future will 7 freely in the sky because every vehicle will have wings(翅膀)with it. They will take you to any place you want to 8 . You can sleep if you feel 9 during the travelling. All vehicles will be safe because the robots will 10 them.
1.A.team B.family C.square D.village
2.A.anything B.nobody C.everyone D.nothing
3.A.hours B.days C.weeks D.years
4.A.each other B.all alone C.over there D.as well
5.A.and B.or C.so D.because
6.A.little B.few C.lot D.more
7.A.walk B.sit C.fly D.stand
8.A.help B.make C.visit D.leave
9.A.bored B.hungry C.happy D.tired
10.A.drive B.turn C.point D.shake
【答案】
1.B 2.A 3.A 4.B 5.B 6.D 7.C 8.C 9.D 10.A
【解析】这篇短文作者给我们描述了将来的生活,智能机器人会为我们做大部分的工作,而我们的人类可以到处旅游享乐。
1.句意:每个家庭未来将会有一个机器人。
team团队;family家庭;square广场;village村庄,根据“You can ask it to do… for you at home.”可知,每个家庭将来都会有一个机器人。故选B。
2.句意:你可以让它为你做所有事。
anything任何事;nobody没有人;everyone每个人;nothing什么都没有。结合“so you will be free all day.”可知,你可以让它在家里为你做任何事。故选A。
3.句意:它会一天二十四小时为你服务。
hours小时;days天;weeks周;years年。结合“so you will be free all day.”可知,它每天24小时为你服务,故选A。
4.句意:当你孤单的时候,它可以和你谈话。
each other彼此;all alone独自;over there在那里;as well也。结合“It can talk with you”可知,它可以在你独自一人时与你交谈。故选B。
5.句意:当你在街上遇到它,你会不知道它是否是一个人还是一个机器人。
and和;or或;so所以;because因为。结合“The robot will look like a person.”可知,当你在街上遇到它时,你不会知道它是人还是机器人。故选B。
6.句意:人们会有更少工作的时间,有更多时间去旅行。
little少量的;few少量的;lot大量,后不能直接加名词;more更多的。结合“have less(更少的)time to work”可知,人们将有更少的时间工作,更多的时间旅行。故选D。
7.句意:未来的交通工具将在天空中自由飞行,因为每一辆交通工具都将带有机翼。
walk走路;sit坐;fly飞;stand站。根据“in the sky”可知,此处是指飞行,故选C。
8.句意:它们会带你去你想参观的任何地方。
help帮助;make让;visit参观;leave离开。结合“any place ”可知,它们会带你去任何你想去参观的地方。故选C。
9.句意:旅行期间你感觉疲倦的时候,你可以去睡觉。
bored无聊的;hungry饥饿的;happy快乐的;tired疲倦的。根据“You can sleep”可知,如果你在旅行中感到疲劳,你可以睡觉。故选D。
10.句意:所有车辆都将是安全的,因为它们是由机器人驾驶的。
drive行驶;turn转弯;point指;shake摇晃。them代指前文提到的“vehicles”,可知,所有车辆都将是安全的,因为机器人将驾驶它们。故选A。
5
What should we do to stay healthy?
One important rule is to exercise 1 .The Lee's family try to exercise every day. Lee Fang 2 exercise in the morning because he must be at his job at exactly seven o'clock. But he runs every evening. He would rather run than watch TV. He walks a lot, 3 .He walks to school every day,and after school he 4 different sports with his friends. Lee Fang goes to a yoga(瑜伽)class 5 .
But it wasn't 6 this way. Last year Mr. and Mrs.
Lee used to 7 everywhere,even to the drugstore(药店)two blocks(街区)away. They thought they had to use the car all the time. They wouldn't walk. The Lee's all 8 better now. And they believe you mustn't be lazy. You 9 exercise every day. But you should 10 to get in shape and stay in shape(身体健康).
1.A.often B.sometimes C.late D.later
2.A.may not B.can not C.would D.should not
3.A.either B.also C.too D.again
4.A.watches B.plays C.loves D.practices
5.A.in two weeks B.for two weeks C.after two weeks D.twice a week
6.A.always B.often C.usually D.sometimes
7.A.ride B.drive C.fly D.walk
8.A.had B.make C.feel D.feel like
9.A.needn't B.don’t C.won't have to D.mustn’t
10.A.try B.want C.wish D.hope
【答案】
1.A 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.D 6.A 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.A
【解析】短文大意:本文以李芳一家为例,说明经常锻炼可以保持健康。
1.句意:一个重要的规则是经常锻炼。考查副词辨析。often经常;sometimes有时;late晚地;later后来。根据句意语境,联系下文The Lee's family try to exercise every day.,可知要经常锻炼,故选A。
2.句意:李芳早上不能锻炼,因为他必须在七点整上班。考查情态动词辨析。may not和can not都表示“不能”,但may语气较弱;would是助动词will的过去式;should not不该,表建议。根据下文的原因because he must be at his job at exactly seven o'clock,可知can not切合句意,故选B。
3.句意:他也经常散步。考查副词辨析。四个选项都可表示“也”,either常用于否定句句尾;also常用于肯定句或疑问句,但一般位于句中;too常用于肯定句或疑问句尾;again又一次,用于句末,前面不用逗号隔开。本句是肯定句,根据句意结构,可知选C。
4.句意:他每天步行上学,放学后他和朋友们做不同的运动。考查动词辨析。A. watches看;B. plays玩;C. loves爱;D. practices练习。play sports做运动,根据句意语境,可知选B。
5.句意:李芳每周上两次瑜伽课。考查副词短语辨析。A. in two weeks两周后,用于一般将来时;B. for two weeks两个星期;C. after two weeks两周后;D. twice a week一周两次。根据句意语境,可知需用频率副词,故选D。
6.句意:但事情并不总是这样。考查副词辨析。always总是/一直;often经常;usually通常;sometimes有时。本句是否定句,根据句意语境,可知BCD三项意思都不合句意,故选A。
7.句意:李太太和李太太过去常常开车到任何地方。考查动词辨析。根据下文They thought they had to use the car all the time.,可知是开车去,drive开车,故选B。
8.句意:李家现在都感觉好多了。考查动词辨析。A. had有,不可接形容词做宾语;B. make制作,不可接形容词做宾语;C. feel感觉;D. feel like感觉像,介词like不可接形容词做宾语。feel是表感觉系动词,需接形容词;句中better更好的,是形容词good的比较级,根据句意语境,可知选C。
9.句意:你不必每天锻炼。考查情态动词辨析。needn’t无需,指没有必要;don’t用于构成否定句;won't have to结构错误;mustn’t不能,表禁止。根据句意语境,可知每天锻炼是没有必要的,故选A。
10.句意:但是你应该努力保持好身材,保持好体型。考查动词辨析。try尝试;want想要;wish希望/祝福;hope希望。根据句意语境,可知BCD三项意思不合语境,故选A。
6
When you walk to a bus stop or come back from an underground station, 1 on the sidewalk(人行道).
You should 2 the street at a zebra crossing or a street corner, and then wait for the 3 to turn(变成) green.
It is 4 to look carefully to the left, right and left again before you cross the street. Don’t try to walk 5 any area when cars or buses don’t stop. If you must do so, stop and look 6 when you are walking between cars and buses.
Don’t run across the street because the cars and the buses are very 7 . They may hurt(伤害) you. If you see a car, wait until it 8 by. Then look left, right and left again until no car is coming. Wear clothes in bright colours. It is easy for 9 in buses or cars to see you during the daytime.
Walking is a kind of great 10 that you can go almost anywhere. Also, it’s free. However, always remember: keeping safe(安全) is important!
1.A.go B.drive C.step D.walk
2.A.go along B.walk across C.run down D.jump up
3.A.cars B.lamps C.lights D.leaves
4.A.important B.different C.surprised D.difficult
5.A.with B.through C.along D.from
6.A.carefully B.careful C.after D.for
7.A.quickly B.fast C.busy D.much
8.A.drives B.flies C.goes D.walks
9.A.workers B.teachers C.policemen D.drivers
10.A.sport B.game C.job D.exercise
【答案】
1.D 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.B 6.A 7.B 8.C 9.D 10.D
【解析】文章大意:文章是一篇说明文,详细介绍了过马路的注意事项。
1.句意:当你步行到公共汽车站或从地铁站回来时,走人行道。考查动词及语境理解。A. go去;B. drive驾驶;C. step踩、踏;D. walk走。根据后面的the sidewalk“人行道”,可以推断出应是“走人行道。”walk on the sidewalk“走人行道。”故答案选D。
2.句意:你应该在斑马线或街角穿过街道。考查动词短语及语境理解。A. go along沿着;B. walk across穿过;C. run down撞到;D. jump up跳起来。根据后面的at a zebra crossing or a street corner,可知应是在斑马线或街角穿过街道,walk across the street“穿过街道”,故答案选B。
3.句意:然后等待绿灯亮起。考查名词及语境理解。A. cars小汽车;B. lamps一般指台灯;C. lights灯,泛指一般的灯;D. leaves树叶。根据后面的turn green可知是等待绿灯亮起,这里指的是交通灯traffic light,故答案选C。
4.句意:在你过马路之前,仔细地向左看、向右看、再向左看很重要的。考查形容词及语境理解。A. important重要的;B. different不同的;C. surprised惊奇的;D. difficult困难的。根据常识可知,在过马路之前,仔细地左右看是很重要的,故答案选A。
5.句意:当汽车或公共汽车不停车时,不要试图穿过任何区域。考查介词及语境理解。A. with和…一起;B. through穿过、通过;C. along沿着;D. from来自。根据后面的when cars or buses don’t stop.结合Don’t try to walk 5 any area可知是:当汽车或公共汽车不停车时,不要试图穿过任何区域。故答案选B。
6.句意:如果你必须这样做,当你在汽车和公共汽车之间行走时,要停下来仔细地看一看。考查副词及语境理解。A. carefully仔细地,副词;B. careful仔细的,形容词;C. after在…之后,介词;D. for为了,介词。联系语境可知应是如果汽车或公共汽车不停车,而你又必须穿过马路,那么你在汽车和公共汽车之间行走时,要停下来仔细地看一看。设空处修饰前面的动词look,所以应用副词形式,故答案选A。
7.句意:不要跑着过马路,因为汽车和公共汽车都很快。考查副词及语境理解。A. quickly迅速地,副词;B. fast快速的,形容词;C. busy繁忙的,形容词;D. much大量的,形容词。根据句意“不要跑着过马路,因为汽车和公共汽车都很快。” 由前面的系动词are可知,设空处在句中作表语,所以fast符合题意,故答案选B。
8.句意:如果你看到一辆车,等它经过。考查动词及语境理解。A. drives驾驶;B. flies飞行;C. goes走;D. walks步行。根据上文They may hurt you.他们可能会伤到你,所以应是如果你看到一辆车,等它经过。go by经过、通过,故答案选C。
9.句意:在白天,公共汽车或汽车上的司机很容易见到你。考查名词及语境理解。A. workers工人;B. teachers教师;C. policemen警察;D. drivers司机。根据后面的in buses or cars to see you during the daytime.可知此处表达的是“司机”,故答案选D。
10.句意:散步是一种很好的运动,你几乎可以去任何地方。考查名词及语境理解。A. sport一般指比赛性质的体育运动;B. game游戏;C. job工作;D. exercise锻炼、运动,是指为了使身体健康或强壮而进行的体育活动,是非常随意的活动。根据句意“散步是一种很好的运动,你几乎可以去任何地方。”可知exercise符合题意,故答案选D。
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Sometimes you may quarrel(争吵) with your friends or family members. That can make you feel 1 . At that time, saying 2 can help. Here are some ideas about saying sorry.
There are some 3 we can learn. For example, “I am sorry for 4 I say.” “I am sorry I lost your book.” “I am sorry I 5 your glass. It’s not right. I won’t do it again.” You can feel good when you say sorry 6 you are trying to make things right again.
Saying “I am sorry” when you need is the right 7 to do. It does a lot of good. It helps show that you 8 to be friendly again. If you can do a nice thing for the 9 after you say sorry to him or her, then maybe you can both feel friendly again. Everyone can be 10 and saying sorry is the best way.
1.A.interesting B.sad C.happy D.boring
2.A.hi B.goodbye C.sorry D.good morning
3.A.stories B.news C.ways D.books
4.A.why B.how C.who D.what
5.A.like B.break C.agree D.see
6.A.and B.until C.because D.when
7.A.time B.thing C.rule D.place
8.A.want B.like C.need D.plan
9.A.person B.city C.school D.people
10.A.well B.hard C.right D.wrong
【答案】
1.B 2.C 3.C 4.D 5.B 6.C 7.B 8.A 9.A 10.D
【解析】有时你可能会和你的朋友或家人吵架。那会让你感到悲伤。在这个时候,说对不起会有帮助。这里介绍了一些关于道歉的想法。
1.句意:这会让你感觉悲伤。interesting有趣的, sad悲伤的,happy高兴的,boring无聊的。此句中的that指的是和家人或朋友吵架这件事,故这件事会使我们很伤心,故选B。
2.句意:这时,向他们说对不起可以帮助你减少你的痛苦。hi喂,goodbye再见,sorry对不起,good morning 上午好。根据句意可知,这里表示“向家人或朋友道歉”,故选C。
3.句意:这里有一些我们可以学习的方法。stories故事, news新闻,ways 方式,方法,books书,根据后文可知,一下是作者为我们提供的几种方法,故选C。
4.句意:例如,“对于我说的话,我很抱歉。”根据句意可知,这里表示“我说的话”,即what I say,所以选D。
5.句意:我很抱歉,我打破你的杯子。like喜欢,break打破,agree同意,see看见。根据句意可知,这里表示“打破”杯子,故选B。
6.句意:当你说对不起时你会感觉很好,,因为你又在努力使事情恢复。根据句子结构可知,前后是两个完整的句子,所以用连词,两个句子之间有因果关系,所以用because, 故选C。
7.句意:当需要的时候说对不起是正确的做法。time时间,thing事情,rule规则,place地方。根据句意可知,这里表示“正确的事情”,故选B。
8.句意:它有助于表明你想再次友好。want想,like喜欢,need需要,plan计划。根据句意可知,这里表示“想要”,故选A。
9.句意:如果在你向他或她道歉之后,你能为他做一件好事。person人,city城市, school学校, people人。根据句意可知,这里表示“你说抱歉的那个人”,故用person, 故选A。
10.句意:每个人都可能有错,说对不起是最好的方式。well好的,hard努力的,right 争取的,wrong错误的。根据句意可知,这里表示“每个人都会有错”,故选D。
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What is a museum? A museum is a good place to keep 1 and beautiful things. A museum may be a place to learn about science. A museum can be a place 2 art of humans or animals.
What is inside a museum? Some museums 3 old cars and airplanes. 4 museums have pictures and sculptures. Others have rocks and old bones. One museum even has 5 coal mine inside!
Many cities have museums. Some very small 6 have museums, 7 . Indianapolis has a 8 museum. Children do not have to pay to get in. Children often go to the museum. They like 9 at the dinosaur bones. They see a white bear ten feet tall,They go inside an old log cabin(小木屋). On Saturday,Indianapolis children can 10 talks about animals and trees.
1.A.new B.old C.Good D.important
2.A.for B.in C.about D.on
3.A.has B.have C.there is D.there are
4.A.A bit B.A little C.Much D.Many
5.A.the B.an C.a D./
6.A.homes B.towns C.villages D.countries
7.A.too B.also C.either D.neither
8.A.adults B.people's C.children's D.boy's
9.A.see B.to see C.look D.to look
10.A.listen B.listening C.hear D.hearing
【答案】
1.B 2.C 3.B 4.D 5.C 6.B 7.A 8.C 9.D 10.C
【解析】本文叙述了博物馆的定义和以及博物馆里可以看到的东西。博物馆是保存古老的漂亮的好地方,是了解科学的地方,是了解艺术或者人或者动物的地方。孩子们在博物馆可以看到一些图片,听到关于动物和树木的谈论,可以看到电影,也可以学会做东西。
1.句意:博物馆是一个收藏古老的和漂亮的东西的好地方。new意为“新的”;old意为“旧的”; good意为“好的”;important意为“重要的”。
根据下文and beautiful things. A museum may be a place to learn about science. A museum can be a place art of humans or animals. 可知这里是说收藏古老的东西。根据句意,故选B。
2.句意:博物馆中的东西大都是关于人类和动物的艺术方面的。
for意为“对于”;in意为“在……里”on意为“在……上面”;about关于。所以这里用about最佳。根据下文art of humans or animals. 可知这里是说关于艺术方面。根据题意,故选C。
3.句意:一些博物馆有就汽车和旧飞机。
there be句式表示“某地或某时存在某人或某物”;have表示“某人拥有某物”,也可表示“某物拥有某物”。根据这一用法这里用have最佳。故选B。
4.句意:许多博物馆有图片和雕塑。
a bit修饰名词时,应加上介词of;a little和much修饰不可数名词;many修饰可数名词复数。这里的museums是可数名词复数,因此应用many修饰。故选D。
5.句意:一个博物馆里甚至还有一个煤矿!
这里并不是特指,因此不用the;an用于以元音音素开头的词语前,所以这里用a最佳。故选C。
6.句意:许多城市都有博物馆。一些小镇上的博物馆也是如此。
根据所给词语的词义home(家);town(城镇) ;village(村庄);country(国家;乡下)可知用town最佳。根据上文Many cities have museums.可知这里是城镇。故选B。
7.句意:许多城市都有博物馆。一些小镇上的博物馆也是如此。
too用在肯定句的句尾;also用在肯定句的句中;either用在否定句中;neither用在否定句中。这里是放在句尾,肯定句用too。根据题意,故选A。
8.句意:印第安纳波利斯有一个儿童博物馆。孩子们不用付钱进去。
A. adults成年人;B. people's人们的;C. children's孩子们的;D. boy's男孩的。根据下句“Children do not have to pay to get in”可知,那里有专门面向孩子们开放的博物馆。故选C。
9.句意:他们喜欢看恐龙的骨头。
这里考查两个短语,like to do……(喜欢做……),look at(看)。由此选D。
10.句意:印第安纳波利斯的孩子们可以听到关于动物和树木的谈话。
情态动词后应该加动词原形;listen带宾语时应加介词to。hear是“听见”的意思,这里用hear即可。故选C。
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