Unit 1 Cultural Heritage 文化遗产 (话题阅读精练）英语人教版2019必修第二册

Unit 1 Cultural Heritage 文化遗产 话题阅读精练 单元引言解读 Heritage is our legacy from the past, what we live with today, and what we pass on to future generations. —World Heritage Centre 释义：文化遗产是过去人类所创造，由现代人类继承并传之后世。 启示：文化遗产是把人类的过去、现在和未来联系起来的纽带。 主题词汇积累 一、保护行动类 1. preserve cultural heritage 保护文化遗产 2. restore historic sites 修复历史遗址 3. protect relics from damage 保护文物免受损坏 4. carry out conservation projects 开展保护项目 5. prevent illegal excavation 阻止非法挖掘 二、遗产价值类 1. historic significance 历史意义 2. cultural value 文化价值 3. artistic charm 艺术魅力 4. archaeological importance 考古价值 5. intangible cultural heritage 非物质文化遗产 三、传承交流类 1. pass down traditions 传承传统 2. promote cultural heritage awareness 提升文化遗产保护意识 3. international cultural exchanges 国际文化交流 4. digitalize cultural relics 文物数字化 5. hold heritage - themed exhibitions 举办遗产主题展览 四、面临状况类 1. face natural erosion 面临自然侵蚀 2. suffer from human destruction 遭受人为破坏 3. be in danger of disappearing 面临消失危险 4. lack protective measures 缺乏保护措施 5. confront urbanization challenges 遭遇城市化挑战 时文拓展阅读 (2024·北京市东城区高一上期末)Everywhere I look, there are new buildings being built. The neighbourhoods that I knew as a boy, filled with beautiful old buildings, have mostly disappeared, and in their place, modern, high­rise buildings have appeared. If we continue in this way, nothing will remain of our heritage; soon I will no longer recognize my city. What is left of the city's traditional buildings and neighbourhoods must be preserved and it is important to begin this process now. Historic preservation has become popular all over the world in recent years, but many countries have chosen new construction over preservation. There is good reason for this. As the population has become larger, people want the usefulness of modern living. However, the built environment should be more than shiny new buildings with air conditioning and washing machines; it should also show the beauty of our culture and heritage. How can our children understand our culture if we erase so much of the physical evidence (物证) of it? The reasons for preserving historic buildings are not simply about an emotional connection to the past. There are also good economic reasons in favour of preservation. The repair and preservation of historic sites can become an economic engine, drawing tourists and small businesses to the area. There are several good examples of this in the Middle East. In Dubai, the historic AI Bastikiya district draws thousands of tourists every year from all over the world. It also attracts local people, eager to learn about their city's past. Those who are against historic preservation think that it is too expensive. But many recent projects all over the world have told us that this is not necessarily the case. In fact, renovation (翻新) of an existing building can cost about $40 per square metre less than even the most basic new building, while preserving the beauty of the original building. What is more，environmental experts believe that the greenest building is the one that is already built. New building almost always has a more serious environmental influence because it requires the use of all­new materials that must be transported, often over long distances, instead of recycled materials that are already on site. We recycle so many other things. We can and should recycle buildings, too. 【译文欣赏】 无论我看向何处，都有新建筑在修建。我小时候熟悉的、满是漂亮古老建筑的街区，大多已经消失，取而代之的是现代化的高层建筑。如果我们继续这样下去，我们的文化遗产将所剩无几；很快我将不再认得我的城市。城市中留存下来的传统建筑和街区必须得到保护，而且现在就开启这一进程至关重要。 近年来，历史建筑保护在全球流行起来，但许多国家在建设时选择了新建而非保护。这是有充分理由的。随着人口增多，人们想要现代生活的便利性。然而，建筑环境不应只是配有空调和洗衣机的崭新亮丽建筑；它也应当展现我们文化与遗产的美。如果我们抹去这么多文化的实物证据，我们的孩子如何能理解我们的文化呢？ 保护历史建筑的原因不只是出于与过去的情感关联。支持保护也有充分的经济理由。历史遗迹的修复与保护能够成为经济引擎，吸引游客和小企业来到该地区。中东地区就有几个很好的例子。在迪拜，具有历史意义的巴斯塔基亚区每年吸引着来自世界各地的数千名游客。它也吸引着当地人，他们渴望了解自己城市的过去。 那些反对历史建筑保护的人认为这太贵了。但世界各地近期的许多项目都告诉我们，情况未必如此。事实上，对现有建筑进行翻新，每平方米的成本甚至比最基础的新建建筑还低约 40 美元，同时还能保留原有建筑的美感。此外，环境专家认为，最环保的建筑是已建成的建筑。新建建筑几乎总会产生更严重的环境影响，因为它需要使用全新的材料，这些材料往往必须长途运输，而不是使用现场已有的可回收材料。我们回收利用很多其他东西。我们能够而且也应当回收利用建筑。 【词汇积累】 英文 词性 中文释义 neighbourhood n. 街区；城区 heritage n. 遗产；传统 preservation n. 保护；维护 construction n. 建造；建筑 emotional adj. 情感的；情绪的 economic adj. 经济的；经济上的 engine n. 引擎；发动机；这里引申为 “推动力、引擎” renovation n. 翻新；整修 recycle v. 回收利用；再利用 【知识拓展】 文化传承与坚守: 文化遗产是城市与民族的 “根” 与 “魂”，就像大树的根系，深埋地下却滋养着整棵树的生长。每一处古老建筑、每一条传统街区，都是时光写就的故事书，留存着先辈的智慧、情感与生活痕迹。保护它们，并非是守旧不前，而是在快速发展的现代浪潮里，为心灵留存一片宁静的归处，让我们知道自己从何而来。当我们用心守护这些文化遗产，就是在给未来的自己和后代，保留穿越时空对话的窗口，让文化的温度与力量，代代传递，永不冷却，让我们在前行中，永远有可回望的珍贵 “故乡” ，无论脚步走多远，心灵都有栖息的港湾。 【词汇延伸】 · preserve（v. 保护；维护 ）：派生词 preservative（n. 防腐剂；adj. 防腐的 ）、preservationist（n. 主张保护自然生态的人；文物保护主义者 ） ，比如 “preservationists are working hard to save the old temple”（文物保护主义者正努力拯救那座古老寺庙 ）。 · economy（n. 经济 ）：与 economic（经济的 ）相关的 economical（adj. 节约的；实惠的 ） ，如 “an economical way of using resources”（一种节约资源的方式 ） ；还有 economics（n. 经济学 ） 。 · recycle（v. 回收 ）：派生词 recyclable（adj. 可回收利用的 ）、recycling（n. 回收利用 ） ，像 “recyclable materials should be sorted out”（可回收材料应当分类 ） 。 【长难句分析】 1. 句子：The neighbourhoods that I knew as a boy, filled with beautiful old buildings, have mostly disappeared, and in their place, modern, high - rise buildings have appeared. 分析： 主句是 “The neighbourhoods... have mostly disappeared, and... modern, high - rise buildings have appeared” ，是由 “and” 连接的并列句，分别说明旧街区消失和新建筑出现的情况。 “that I knew as a boy” 是定语从句，修饰 “neighbourhoods” ，限定是 “我小时候熟悉的” 街区；“filled with beautiful old buildings” 是过去分词短语作后置定语，进一步描述街区 “满是漂亮古老建筑” 的特征。 2. 句子：In fact, renovation (翻新) of an existing building can cost about $40 per square metre less than even the most basic new building, while preserving the beauty of the original building. 分析： 主句是 “renovation of an existing building can cost... less than... new building” ，核心是比较翻新现有建筑和新建最基础建筑的成本差异。 “while preserving the beauty of the original building” 是 “while + 现在分词” 结构作伴随状语，说明翻新建筑时 “同时保留原有建筑美感” 这一伴随情况 。 3. 句子：New building almost always has a more serious environmental influence because it requires the use of all - new materials that must be transported, often over long distances, instead of recycled materials that are already on site. 分析： 主句 “New building almost always has a more serious environmental influence” 表明新建建筑对环境影响更严重这一结果。 “because” 引导原因状语从句 “it requires the use of all - new materials... instead of recycled materials...” ，解释产生上述结果的原因；在原因从句里，“that must be transported, often over long distances” 是定语从句修饰 “all - new materials” ，说明新材料需 “长途运输” ；“that are already on site” 是定语从句修饰 “recycled materials” ，说明可回收材料 “已在现场” 。 高考真题链接 (2022年全国乙卷)In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N. Y. — Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood — traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. The girls had gone to Smith College. They wore expensive clothes. So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo. to instruct the children whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted: The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden, who is a magazine editor and Dorothy Woodruff’s granddaughter. Why did they go then? Well, they wanted to do something useful. Soon, however, they realized what they had undertaken. They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice. In Wickenden’s book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course influenced the girls’ decision to go to Elkhead. A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed (牵涉) drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms. The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy’s return to Auburn. Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism (坚忍) of the people move her to some beautiful writing. Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff, on her horse, looking down from a hill top: “When the sun slipped behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them. Then a full moon rose. The snow was marked only by small animals: foxes, coyotes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter.” 24．Why did Dorothy and Rosamond go to the Rocky Mountains? A．To teach in a school. B．To study American history. C．To write a book. D．To do sightseeing. 25．What can we learn about the girls from paragraph 3? A．They enjoyed much respect. B．They had a room with a bathtub. C．They lived with the local kids. D．They suffered severe hardships. 26．Which part of Wickenden’s writing is hair-raising? A．The extreme climate of Auburn. B．The living conditions in Elkhead. C．The railroad building in the Rockies. D．The natural beauty of the West. 27．What is the text? A．A news report. B．A book review. C．A children’s story. D．A diary entry. 【答案】24．A 25．D 26．C 27．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章是一则书评，简要介绍了Dorothy Wickenden的书籍并对其进行了评价。 24．细节理解题。根据第一段“In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N.Y.-Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood -traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. (1916年，来自纽约奥本市的两个富裕家庭的女孩——Dorothy Woodruff和Rosamond Underwood——来到落基山脉的一个定居点，在一间只有一个房间的学校教书)”可知，Dorothy和Rosamond去落基山脉是为了去学校里教书。故选A项。 25．推理判断题。根据第三段“They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning.(他们和一个当地家庭，哈里森一家一起搬进去，和他们一样，几乎没有隐私，很少洗澡，早上醒来时被子上覆盖着一层雪)”以及“In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.(在春天，雪被泥替代覆盖在冰上)”可推知，女孩们的生活条件非常艰苦，她们的生活饱受磨难。故选D项。 26．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms.(令人毛骨悚然的一段与铁路建设有关，这涉及到在令人眩目的暴风雪中钻穿落基山脉)”可知，Wickenden的作品中涉及落基山脉的铁路建设这一部分是令人毛骨悚然的。故选C项。 27．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy’s return to Auburn.(这本书以Rosamond和Dorothy回到奥本结束)”以及最后一段“Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism of the people move her to some beautiful writing.( Wickenden是个很好的讲故事的人。大地的辽阔和人们的坚忍使她创作出了一些美丽的作品)”可知，本文简要介绍了Wickenden的书籍内容，并对其进行了评价，所以文本是一篇书评。故选B项。 1.句子：So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo. to instruct the children whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise. · 分析： 主干为 “for them to move to Elkhead...was a surprise”，其中 “for them to move to Elkhead, Colo. to instruct the children” 是动词不定式的复合结构作主语，强调 “她们搬到 Elkhead 教书” 这一行为。 “whose shoes were held together with string” 是定语从句，修饰 “children”，说明孩子们的鞋子用绳子绑着的状况。 2.句子：In Wickenden’s book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course influenced the girls’ decision to go to Elkhead. · 分析： 主干为 “she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism”，“which of course influenced...Elkhead” 是非限制性定语从句，修饰 “feminism”，解释女权主义对女孩们决定的影响。 英文 词性 中文释义 例句 / 搭配 settlement n. 定居点；解决 The settlement in the Rockies was built in the 19th century.（落基山脉的定居点建于 19 世纪）。 instruct v. 教授；指示 She instructs students in math and science. （她教授学生数学和科学）。 undertake v. 承担；从事；承诺 They undertook to finish the project within a month.（他们承诺在一个月内完成项目）。 privacy n. 隐私；独处 The house offers plenty of privacy. （这所房子提供了充足的隐私）。 entail v. 牵涉；需要；使必要 Building the railway entailed months of hard work.（修建铁路需要数月的艰苦工作）。 stoicism n. 坚忍；克己 The pioneers showed great stoicism in the face of hardship.（拓荒者在困难面前表现出极大的坚忍）。 背景知识： 1.20 世纪初美国西部教育状况： 20 世纪初的美国西部（如落基山脉地区）教育资源匮乏，许多学校设施简陋（如一室校舍），师资力量薄弱。富裕家庭的女性前往西部支教是当时一种特殊的社会现象，体现了教育公平的早期尝试。 2.女权主义（Feminism）的影响： 20 世纪初，女权运动在美国兴起，女性开始追求教育权和社会参与感。Dorothy 和 Rosamond 作为受过高等教育的女性（毕业于 Smith College），主动选择到艰苦地区教书，反映了当时女权意识觉醒对年轻女性的影响。 3.美国西部拓荒史与铁路建设： 19 世纪末至 20 世纪初，美国西部铁路建设（如贯穿落基山脉的铁路）是重要历史事件，但过程极为艰辛。文中提到的 “blinding snowstorms”（ blinding 意为 “使人眩晕的”）和 “drilling through the Rockies”（钻穿落基山脉）体现了工程的危险性和环境的恶劣。 阅读微技能（解题技巧） 1.细节定位法： 针对细节题（如 24 题问原因），直接根据题干关键词（如 “go to the Rocky Mountains”）定位到原文第一段，找到 “to teach in a one-room schoolhouse” 的表述，快速匹配选项 A。 2.推理归纳法： 处理推理题（如 25 题）时，整合第三段中 “little privacy, rare baths, snow on their quilt”“children weeping from the cold” 等细节，归纳出女孩们生活条件艰苦，对应选项 D。 3.关键词匹配法： 解答词义猜测或细节题（如 26 题 “hair-raising”）时，根据题干关键词定位到倒数第二段 “hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads”，直接匹配选项 C 中的 “railroad building”。 4.文体特征分析法： 推断文章体裁（27 题）时，抓住文中多次出现的 “the book ends”“Wickenden’s writing” 等表述，结合对书籍内容和写作风格的评价，判断为书评（book review）。 综合实战演练 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 Passage 1 阅读理解 记叙文 290 文章主要讲述16岁的Jude在澳大利亚经历文化冲击及四个阶段的适应过程。 Passage 2 阅读理解 说明文 249 文章主要介绍了一项国际研究，发现不同文化间情感交流既有共性也有差异，及其在多领域的意义。 Passage 3 阅读理解 说明文 331 文章介绍了沉默在不同文化中的不同含义，并探讨了护士如何在护理中正确处理沉默。 Passage 4 七选五 记叙文 253 文章主要讲述作者经历的反向文化冲击。 Passage 5 阅读理解 说明文 275 文章主要讲述了谈话中的沉默文化。尽管交谈中出现停顿是普遍存在的，但我们对沉默的认识在不同的文化中有着巨大的差异。不同的文化中沉默时间不同，对于沉默的看法也不同。相比而言，亲密的朋友和家人之间更容易出现沉默。 Passage 6 阅读理解 说明文 324 文章对比了中美文化中友谊和待客方式的差异，美国人的友谊灵活且可能中断但可恢复，待客热情但不愿花额外时间，而中国人的友谊更长久深入，并愿意为朋友付出大量时间。 Passage 7 阅读理解 说明文 314 文章主要介绍了文化冲击的概念、三个阶段、引发因素以及不同人群的感受和应对方法。 Passage 8 完形填空 记叙文 253 文章主要讲述了作者小时候移民美国后，作为印度裔美国人在融入美国社区时遇到的困难，以及作者的女儿在学校庆祝印度传统节日排灯节（Diwali）时，学校对印度文化的认可和尊重，让作者感到印象深刻。 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·江西上饶·期末）When 16-year-old Jude first arrived in Australia to study in high school for a year and lived with a host family, excitement filled her heart about everything new. Despite attending a one-day preparatory meeting as an exchange student, culture shock was unavoidable. In the first few weeks, known as “honeymoon stage I”, Jude felt joyful being in the new culture. But this positive feeling didn’t stay. After around two months, she began to miss her friends and family deeply. Frustrating thoughts crowded her mind: “Nobody really gets me, and my English is far from good. If only people could speak German for a day! If only the public transportation worked like it does at home!” Clearly, she had entered “honeymoon stage II”. During the following months, Jude gradually and unconsciously stepped into the “adjustment stage”. She formed her own daily routine, learned different ways to deal with stress, and made many new friends. Her English improved significantly, and she understood Australian culture better. This was a huge personal breakthrough. Day by day, she felt more at home in Australia. She picked up many new characteristics while still keeping some from her home country. She even thought of herself as “having a second nationality”. This process in her last months abroad is called the “mastery stage”. Her happiest moment came when a dear friend said during a chat, “You are Australian now, Jude! You sound just like us!” It’s important to note that the impacts of culture shock differ from person to person, leading to various behaviors and feelings. Also, the time when each stage occurs varies greatly among individuals. One thing is certain-culture shock is inescapable, and acceptance is the first key step to better adapt to a foreign culture. 1．Why did Jude attend a one-day preparatory meeting? A．To learn about Australian culture in advance. B．To avoid culture shock completely. C．To make friends with other exchange students. D．To prepare for her high school entrance exam. 2．What did Jude feel during “honeymoon stage II”? A．Happy and excited. B．Lonely and frustrated. C．Confident and proud. D．Comfortable and relaxed. 3．What happened during Jude’s “adjustment stage”? A．She refused to accept new things. B．She had difficulty learning English. C．She missed her home more than before. D．She made progress in understanding Australian culture. 4．What can we learn from the passage? A．Everyone experiences the same culture shock. B．The “mastery stage” is the most difficult stage. C．Culture shock can be avoided with good preparation. D．Accepting culture shock helps adapt to a new culture. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述16岁的Jude在澳大利亚经历文化冲击及四个阶段的适应过程。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Despite attending a one-day preparatory meeting as an exchange student, culture shock was unavoidable.(尽管作为交换生参加了为期一天的预备会议，但文化冲击还是不可避免的。)”可知，Jude参加预备会议是为了提前了解相关情况，以便更好地应对在澳大利亚的生活，而了解当地文化是其中重要部分。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“After around two months, she began to miss her friends and family deeply. Frustrating thoughts crowded her mind: “Nobody really gets me, and my English is far from good. If only people could speak German for a day! If only the public transportation worked like it does at home!” Clearly, she had entered “honeymoon stage II”.(大约两个月后，她开始无比思念亲友。各种沮丧的念头涌上心头：“没人真正懂我，我的英语也差得远。要是大家能说一天德语就好了！要是这里的公共交通能像家乡那样运转就好了！” 显然，她已进入“第二阶段蜜月期”。)”可知，Jude在“第二蜜月期”感到孤独和沮丧。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“During the following months, Jude gradually and unconsciously stepped into the “adjustment stage”. She formed her own daily routine, learned different ways to deal with stress, and made many new friends. Her English improved significantly, and she understood Australian culture better. (在接下来的几个月里，Jude不知不觉地步入了“调整期”。她形成了自己的日常生活规律，学会了不同的减压方法，交了很多新朋友。她的英语有了显著提高，对澳大利亚文化也有了更深的理解。)”可知，在“调整期”，Jude在理解澳大利亚文化方面取得了进步。故选D项。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“One thing is certain-culture shock is inescapable, and acceptance is the first key step to better adapt to a foreign culture.(有一点是肯定的——文化冲击是不可避免的，接受是更好地适应外国文化的第一个关键步骤。)”可知，接受文化冲击有助于适应新文化。故选D项。 Passage 2 （24-25高三上·福建莆田·阶段练习）In the era of globalization, cross-cultural communication has become increasingly important. A recent study conducted by a team of international researchers has revealed some fascinating insights into how different cultures perceive and communicate emotions. The study involved participants from five different countries: the United States, Japan, Brazil, France, and South Africa. Through a series of experiments, including facial expression recognition tasks and emotional storytelling, the researchers found that there are both universal and culture-specific aspects of emotional communication. One of the universal findings was that basic emotions such as happiness, sadness, and anger are relatively easily recognized across cultures. However, the way these emotions are expressed and interpreted can vary significantly. For example, in Japan, people tend to be more reserved in expressing strong emotions, especially in public. A Japanese person might show a more subtle expression of anger, perhaps through a slight furrowing of the brow, while an American might display more overt signs like raised voices and animated gestures. In terms of non-verbal communication, the study also found differences. In Brazil, people are more likely to use touch as a form of communication, such as a friendly pat on the back or a handshake that lingers a bit longer. In contrast, in France, the use of hand gestures is more elaborate and plays a crucial role in conveying meaning. These findings have important implications for international business, diplomacy, and education. Understanding these cultural differences in emotional communication can help avoid misunderstandings and build stronger relationships across cultures. 1．What is the main topic of the passage? A．The importance of globalization in cross-cultural communication. B．A study on how different cultures perceive and communicate emotions. C．The universal recognition of basic emotions across cultures. D．The role of non-verbal communication in different cultures. 2．What did the study find about the recognition of basic emotions? A．They are recognized differently across all cultures. B．They are relatively easily recognized across cultures. C．Only happiness is recognized universally. D．Recognition of basic emotions depends on language. 3．How do Japanese people tend to express strong emotions? A．In a more reserved way, especially in public. B．Through animated gestures and loud voices. C．By using elaborate hand gestures. D．With a lot of physical touch. 4．What is the significance of the study’s findings? A．They can help improve international business, diplomacy, and education. B．They can change the way people express emotions. C．They can make all cultures communicate in the same way. D．They can promote the development of a universal language. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项国际研究，发现不同文化间情感交流既有共性也有差异，及其在多领域的意义。 1．主旨大意题。根据第一段“A recent study conducted by a team of international researchers has revealed some fascinating insights into how different cultures perceive and communicate emotions.(最近一项由国际研究团队进行的研究揭示了不同文化如何感知和交流情感的有趣见解。)”以及文章内容可知，文章主要围绕一项关于不同文化如何感知和交流情感的研究展开。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“One of the universal findings was that basic emotions such as happiness, sadness, and anger are relatively easily recognized across cultures.(一个普遍的发现是，诸如快乐、悲伤和愤怒等基本情感在不同文化中相对容易被识别。)”可知，研究发现基本情感在不同文化中相对容易被识别。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“For example, in Japan, people tend to be more reserved in expressing strong emotions, especially in public.(例如，在日本，人们在表达强烈情感时往往更为含蓄，尤其是在公共场合。)”可知，日本人倾向于以更含蓄的方式表达强烈情感，尤其是在公共场合。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“These findings have important implications for international business, diplomacy, and education. Understanding these cultural differences in emotional communication can help avoid misunderstandings and build stronger relationships across cultures.(这些发现对国际商务、外交和教育具有重要意义。理解情感交流中的这些文化差异有助于避免误解，并在不同文化间建立更牢固的关系。)”可知，研究结果对国际商务、外交和教育有重要意义，能帮助避免误解并建立更牢固的文化间关系。故选A。 Passage 3 （24-25高二下·天津西青·期中）The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap (间隙) with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person’s needs. Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied (暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection. Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority. Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient’s silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing (治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures. 1．What does the author say about silence in conversations? A．It implies anger. B．It promotes friendship. C．It is culture-specific. D．It is content-based. 2．Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought? A．The Chinese. B．The French. C．The Mexicans. D．The Russians. 3．Which of the following statements is true according to paragraph 2 and 3? A．Americans may view silence as a sign of respect to the old. B．Mexicans may remain silent to avoid appearing disrespectful. C．In Asian cultures, silence is primarily used to signal agreement in discussions. D．Silence in all cultures implies a lack of interest in the topic being discussed. 4．What does the author advise nurses to do about silence? A．Let it continue as the patient pleases. B．Break it while treating patients. C．Evaluate its harm to patients. D．Make use of its healing effects. 5．What may be the best title for the text? A．Sound and Silence. B．What It Means to Be Silent. C．Silence to Native Americans. D．Speech Is Silver, Silence Is Gold. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了沉默在不同文化中的不同含义，并探讨了护士如何在护理中正确处理沉默。 1．细节理解题。根据文章中第一段的句子“Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap (间隙) with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person’s needs.(沉默可能被一些文化群体视为极其不舒服；因此，可以尝试用对话来填补每一个空白。其他文化群体的人看重沉默，认为沉默是理解一个人需求的必要条件。)”可知，沉默具有文化特异性，有些文化认为沉默是必要的，而有些文化则认为沉默令人不安。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据文章中第二段的句子“Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied (暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing.(许多印第安人重视沉默，认为这是人与人之间交流的基本组成部分，就像一些传统的中国人和泰国人一样。因此，当一个来自这些文化的人正在讲话时，突然停下来，可能是在暗示这个人希望听者在继续之前考虑一下他说了什么。)”可知，中国人可能会将沉默视为深思的信号。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据文章中第三段的句子“However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her.(然而，墨西哥人在受到权威人士的指示时可能会保持沉默，而不是粗鲁地与他或她争论。)”可知，墨西哥人可能会保持沉默以避免显得不尊重权威。故选B项。 4．细节理解题。根据文章中最后一段的句子“A nurse who understands the healing (治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.(了解沉默的治疗价值的护士可以利用这种理解来帮助照顾来自自己和其他文化的病人。)”可知，作者建议护士利用沉默的治愈价值来协助护理。故选D项。 5．主旨大意题。根据文章的整体内容，特别是第一段的句子“Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap (间隙) with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person’s needs.(沉默可能被一些文化群体视为极其不舒服；因此，可以尝试用对话来填补每一个空白。其他文化群体的人看重沉默，认为沉默是理解一个人需求的必要条件。)”可知，文章主要讨论了沉默在不同文化中的含义及其在护理中的应用。所以，B项“What It Means to Be Silent(沉默意味着什么)”作为本文的题目，与文章主题相符合。故选B项。 Passage 4 （24-25高一下·浙江温州·期末）My Reverse (反向的) Culture Shock Language difficulties. Culture shock. Homesickness (乡愁). 1 But for me, returning home proved the hardest of all. After the experience of a year abroad, coming home can feel disappointing. Why was I feeling so disconnected? 2 I’d idealized (理想化) home in my mind. And I’d expected everything to remain exactly the same while I was gone. When I got back and the reality fell short of these ideals, I experienced what I’d call a reverse culture shock. The idea might seem a bit over the top, especially for exchange students who have only spent a year or less away from home. But as you live in a new culture, you quickly adapt to a different way of life; meanwhile, you think life at home is no different. 3 Some friends have been apart from each other while others have become closer together. When you arrive in an unknown place, it takes effort to adapt to your new environment. Your days are filled with new interests and busy schedule. 4 It seems strange to me that no one at university warns you about this beforehand. The feeling of disconnection can be hard to shake off. I kept wondering how long it would take to feel normal again. Getting a part-time job would eventually help relieve my own sense of disconnection. 5 Readjusting at home has been harder than life abroad, but I’m starting to find a new normal. A．However, everyone changes. B．I’d lost interest in everything at home. C．I realized I’d done two things while I was away. D．Spending more time with family and friends also helped. E．Most people experience these problems in their daily jobs. F．These are the things you might worry about before studying abroad. G．No surprise once the period is over, many exchange students feel at a loss. 【答案】1．F 2．C 3．A 4．G 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者经历的反向文化冲击。 1．根据上文“Language difficulties. Culture shock. Homesickness (乡愁). (语言的困难。文化冲击。乡愁。)”可知这些都是出国会遇到的问题，所以F选项“这些都是你出国留学之前可能会担心的事情。”符合题意，呼应上文。故选F。 2．下文“I’d idealized (理想化) home in my mind. And I’d expected everything to remain exactly the same while I was gone. (在我的脑海中，我一直把家理想化。我还以为我不在的时候一切都会和以前一样。)”可知这是在说在国外时做的两件事，C选项“我意识到我不在的时候做了两件事。”正好引出下文，符合题意，故选C。 3．根据上文“But as you live in a new culture, you quickly adapt to a different way of life; meanwhile, you think life at home is no different. (但是当你生活在一种新的文化中时，你很快就会适应一种不同的生活方式；与此同时，你认为家里的生活没有什么不同。)”和下文“Some friends have been apart from each other while others have become closer together. (一些朋友彼此疏远了，而另一些朋友却走得更近了。)”可知前面说觉得国内生活不会变，后又说朋友变了，所以A选项“然而，每个人都在变。”起到承上启下的作用，并和上文构成转折关系，故选A。 4．上文“When you arrive in an unknown place, it takes effort to adapt to your new environment. Your days are filled with new interests and busy schedule. (当你来到一个陌生的地方，你需要努力去适应新环境。你的生活充满了新的兴趣和繁忙的日程。)”，下文“It seems strange to me that no one at university warns you about this beforehand. (在我看来很奇怪，大学里没有人事先警告过你这件事。)”而G选项“毫无疑问，一旦学期结束，许多交换生感到不知所措。”和上文形成对比，并且下文中it指代的就是一旦学期结束，许多交换生感到不知所措这件事，符合题意，故选G。 5．根据上文“The feeling of disconnection can be hard to shake off. I kept wondering how long it would take to feel normal again. Getting a part-time job would eventually help relieve my own sense of disconnection. (这种与外界脱节的感觉很难摆脱。我一直在想要多久才能恢复正常。找一份兼职工作最终会帮助我减轻自己的疏离感。)”可推断下文应该是继续说怎样做去摆脱这种与外界脱节的感觉，所以D选项“花更多的时间和家人朋友在一起也有帮助。”符合题意，故选D。 Passage 5 （24-25高一下·四川·阶段练习）At your next meeting, wait for a pause (暂停)in conversation and try to measure how long it lasts. Among English speakers, chances are that it will be a second or two at most. But while this pattern may be universal, our awareness of silence differs dramatically across cultures. What one culture considers a confusing or awkward pause may be seen by others as a valuable moment of reflection and sign of respect for what the last speaker has said. Research in Dutch and also in English found that when a silence in conversation stretches to four seconds, people start to feel uneasy. In contrast, a separate study of business meetings found that Japanese people are happy with silences of 8.2 seconds — nearly twice as long as in Americans’ meetings. In Japan, it is recognized that the best communication is when you don’t speak at all. It’s already a failure to understand each other by speaking because you’re repairing that failure by using words. In the US, it may originate from the history of colonial (殖民地) America as a crossroads of many different races. When you have a complex of difference, it’s hard to establish common understanding unless you talk and there’s understandably a kind of anxiety unless people are verbally（口头上） engaged to establish a common life. This applies also to some extent to London. In contrast, when there’s more homogeneity, perhaps it’s easier for some kinds of silence to appear. For example, among your closest friends and family it’s easier to sit in silence than with people you’re less well familiar with. 1．Which of the following people might have the longest silence in conversation? A．The Dutch. B．Americans. C．The English. D．The Japanese. 2．What might the Japanese agree with in a conversation? A．Speaking more gives the upper hand. B．Speak out what you have in your mind. C．Great minds think alike without words. D．The shorter talking silence, the better. 3．What can we learn from the text? A．A four second silence in conversation is universal. B．It’s hard for Japanese to reach a common agreement. C．English speakers are more talkative than Japanese speakers. D．The closer we and our family are, the easier the silence appears. 4．What does the underlined word “homogeneity” in the last paragraph mean? A．Similarity. B．Competition. C．Balance. D．Misunderstanding. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了谈话中的沉默文化。尽管交谈中出现停顿是普遍存在的，但我们对沉默的认识在不同的文化中有着巨大的差异。不同的文化中沉默时间不同，对于沉默的看法也不同。相比而言，亲密的朋友和家人之间更容易出现沉默。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Among English speakers, chances are that it will be a second or two at most.(对于说英语的人来说，可能最多一两秒钟)”及第三段“Research in Dutch and also in English found that when a silence in conversation stretches to four seconds, people start to feel uneasy. In contrast, a separate study of business meetings found that Japanese people are happy with silences of 8.2 seconds — nearly twice as long as in Americans’ meetings.(荷兰语和英语的研究发现，当对话中的沉默持续4秒时，人们就会开始感到不安。相反，另一项针对商务会议的研究发现，日本人对8.2秒的沉默感到满意，这几乎是美国人会议沉默时间的两倍)”可知，日本人可能在谈话中有最长沉默。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段“In Japan, it is recognized that the best communication is when you don’t speak at all.(在日本，人们认为最好的交流方式是什么都不说)”可推知，日本人在对话中可能会同意“心有灵犀一点通”。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“For example, among your closest friends and family it’s easier to sit in silence than with people you’re less well acquainted with.(例如，在你最亲密的朋友和家人面前，保持沉默比和你不太熟悉的人在一起更容易)”可推知，亲密的人之间更容易出现沉默，因此我们和家人越亲密，沉默越容易出现。故选D。 4．词句猜测题。根据划线词下文的举例“For example, among your closest friends and family it’s easier to sit in silence than with people you’re less well acquainted with.(例如，在你最亲密的朋友和家人面前，保持沉默比和你不太熟悉的人在一起更容易)”可推知，越亲近的人，越容易出现沉默，因此推断划线所在句意为“相比而言，当有更多相似时，也许沉默更容易出现”。由此可知，划线词意思与similarlity意义相近。故选A。 Passage 6 （24-25高一下·天津·阶段练习）America is a mobile society. Friendships between Americans can be close and real, yet disappear soon if situations change. Neither side feels hurt by this. Both may exchange Christmas greetings for a year or two, perhaps a few letters for a while — then no more. If the same two people meet again by chance, even years later, they pick up the friendship. This can be quite difficult for us Chinese to understand, because friendships between us flow more slowly but then may become lifelong feelings, extending (延伸) sometimes deeply into both families. Americans are ready to receive us foreigners at their homes, share their holidays, and their home life. They will enjoy welcoming us and be pleased if we accept their hospitality (好客) easily, but truly can’t manage the time to do a great deal with a visitor outside their daily routine. They will probably expect us to get ourselves from the airport to our own hotel by bus. And they expect that we will phone them from there. Once we arrive at their homes, the welcome will be full, warm and real. We will find ourselves treated hospitably. Another difficult point for us Chinese to understand Americans is that although they include us warmly in their personal everyday lives, they don’t show their politeness to us if it requires a great deal of time. This is usually the opposite of the practice in our country where we may be generous with our time. Sometimes, we, as hosts, will appear at airports even in the middle of the night to meet a friend. We may take days off to act as guides to our foreign friends. The Americans, however, express their welcome usually at homes. For the Americans, it is often considered more friendly to invite a friend to their homes than to go to restaurants, except for pure business matters. So accept their hospitality at home! 1．The writer of this passage must be ________. A．an American B．a Chinese C．a professor D．a student 2．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A．Friendships between Americans usually extend deeply into their families. B．Friendships between Americans usually last for all their lives. C．Americans always show their warmth even if they are very busy. D．Americans will continue their friendships again even after a long break. 3．The underlined words “generous with our time” in Paragraph 3 probably mean “________”. A．strict with time B．serious with time C．careful with time D．willing to spend time 4．A suitable title for this passage would probably be “________”. A．Friendships between Chinese B．Friendships between Americans C．Americans’ hospitality D．Americans’ and Chinese views of friendships 5．According to the passage, which statement is TRUE? A．Both Americans and Chinese are likely to show their politeness, regardless of time required. B．Even though the friendships between Americans disappear, they may find it acceptable. C．The Americans usually express their welcome at airports and act as guides. D．For Americans, friendships extend sometimes deeply into both families. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．D 4．D 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章对比了中美文化中友谊和待客方式的差异，美国人的友谊灵活且可能中断但可恢复，待客热情但不愿花额外时间，而中国人的友谊更长久深入，并愿意为朋友付出大量时间。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“This can be quite difficult for us Chinese to understand (这对我们中国人来说可能很难理解)”以及第三段中“Another difficult point for us Chinese to understand Americans (另一个我们中国人难以理解美国人的地方)”可知，作者是以中国人的视角在对比中美文化差异，其身份应该是中国人。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Both may exchange Christmas greetings for a year or two, perhaps a few letters for a while — then no more. If the same two people meet again by chance, even years later, they pick up the friendship. (双方可能会互寄一两年圣诞贺卡，或者偶尔通几封信——之后便不再联系。但若这两人偶然重逢，哪怕时隔多年，他们也能重拾当年的友谊)”可知，即使分开多年，美国人也能重拾友谊。故选D项。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线部分的下文“Sometimes, we, as hosts, will appear at airports even in the middle of the night to meet a friend. We may take days off to act as guides to our foreign friends. (有时，我们作为东道主，甚至会深夜赶到机场迎接朋友。我们会特意请假数日，只为给外国友人当导游)”可知，中国人可以深夜去机场接朋友，请假当朋友的导游，说明中国人愿意慷慨付出时间，划线部分 generous with our time指“在时间上大方”，即“愿意付出时间”。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“Friendships between Americans can be close and real, yet disappear soon if situations change. (美国人之间的友谊可以很亲密、很真挚，但一旦境况改变，也可能很快疏远)”和“This can be quite difficult for us Chinese to understand, because friendships between us flow more slowly but then may become lifelong feelings, extending (延伸) sometimes deeply into both families. (我们中国人可能很难理解这一点，因为我们之间的友谊发展较慢，却往往能维系终生，有时甚至深深延伸到两个家庭之中)”可知，文章围绕中美对友谊和待客方式的差异展开，既提到美国人友谊的短暂性和家庭接待习惯，也对比了中国人的长期友谊和主动付出时间的文化。因此，D项“美国人和中国人对友谊的看法”契合文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选D项。 5．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Friendships between Americans can be close and real, yet disappear soon if situations change. Neither side feels hurt by this. (美国人之间的友谊可以很亲密、很真挚，但一旦境况改变，也可能很快疏远。双方对此都不会觉得受伤)”可知，即使美国人之间的友谊消失了，他们也会觉得这是可以接受的。故选B项。 Passage 7 （24-25高一下·全国·期末）Specialists (专家) say that it is not easy to get used to life in a new culture. “Culture shock” occurs when they are talking about the feelings that people have in a new environment. The specialists say that there are three stages of culture shock. In the first stage, the newcomers like their new environment. Then, when the fresh experience dies, they begin to hate the city, the country, the people, and everything else. In the last stage, the newcomers begin to get used to their surroundings and, as a result, enjoy their life more. There are some evident factors in culture shock. The weather may be unpleasant. The customs may be diverse. The public service systems — the telephone services, the post office, or the transportation — may be difficult to work out. The simplest things seem to be the biggest problems. The language may be difficult. Who feels culture shock? Everyone does in this or that way. But culture shock surprises most people. Very often the people having the worst culture shock are those who never had any difficulties in their own country. Coming to a new country, these people find they do not have the same positions as they had back home. They find themselves without any identity. They have to build a new self-image. Culture shock gives rise to a feeling of helplessness. This feeling may be homesickness. When homesick, people feel like staying inside all the time. They want to protect themselves from the strange environment, and create an escape inside their room for a sense of security (安全). This escape does solve the problem of culture shock for a short time, but it does nothing to make the person familiar with the culture. Getting to know the new environment and gaining experience are the long-term solutions to the problem of culture shock. 1．What could happen when people move to a new country? A．They may get used to their new surroundings with difficulty. B．They may have well prepared for the new surroundings. C．They may get used to the culture of the country quickly. D．They may never be familiar with the culture of the country. 2．According to the passage, which of the following factors doesn’t give rise to culture shock? A．The language. B．The weather conditions and customs. C．The public service systems. D．The homesickness. 3．According to the passage, who have the worst culture shock? A．People who are not successful at home. B．People who are very successful at home. C．People who earn much money abroad. D．People who are famous abroad. 4．According to the writer, what is the best way to overcome culture shock? A．To protect ourselves from the unfamiliar environment. B．To develop a strange sense of self-protection. C．To get familiar with the new culture. D．To return to our own country. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了文化冲击的概念、三个阶段、引发因素以及不同人群的感受和应对方法。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Specialists (专家) say that it is not easy to get used to life in a new culture. (专家表示，适应一种新文化中的生活并非易事)”以及下文对文化冲击的三个阶段的陈述可知，人们搬到新国家后适应新文化并不容易。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The weather may be unpleasant. The customs may be diverse. The public service systems—the telephone services, the post office, or the transportation—may be difficult to work out. The simplest things seem to be the biggest problems. The language may be difficult. (天气可能令人不适。习俗可能千差万别。公共服务系统——电话服务、邮局或交通——可能难以弄清楚。最简单的事情似乎成了最大的问题。语言也可能成为障碍)”可知，天气条件、习俗、公共服务系统和语言都会引起文化冲击，“思乡”不属于引发文化冲击的因素。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“Very often the people having the worst culture shock are those who never had any difficulties in their own country. (通常，遭受最严重文化冲击的人往往是那些在自己国家从未经历过任何困难的人)”可知，在本国从未经历过困难的人，即成功人士更容易遭受严重的文化冲击。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Getting to know the new environment and gaining experience are the long-term solutions to the problem of culture shock. (了解新环境并积累经验是解决文化冲击问题的长期办法)”可知，克服文化冲击的最佳方式是熟悉新环境和文化。故选C项。 Passage 8 One day, my 7-year-old daughter said she needed a sari (莎丽服) and a candle dish for Diwali, a major festival in India, for the school’s Share Day. I felt surprised and 1 , and even a bit envious. Her 2 of celebrating our traditional holidays as a young child is far from what I experienced in my own 3 . When my family immigrated (移民) to America in 1977, we didn’t know what it 4 to be Indian Americans. As a kid, I struggled to 5 the American community. And my obviously 6 name, culture and skin color made things even more 7 . While I learned Christmas carols, ate roast turkey and tried to 8 my classmates’ cultural backgrounds, few understood my family’s traditions. So that I could take a day off for Diwali or I never 9 that I could take a day off for Diwali or 10 in some way at school. 11 , to make myself less special, I even begged my mother to wear pants 12 saris when she picked me up from school. This Diwali, I am impressed by how my daughter’s school 13 her Diwali project of introducing saris worn on different 14 , such as weddings and family gatherings. And it’s not just my daughter’s school. The TV show The Office had a whole episode (集) centered around Diwali. In true 15 , Diwali has been placed on the New York City Alternate Side Parking calendar. 1．A．anxious B．disappointed C．pleased D．relaxed 2．A．joy B．dream C．embarrassment D．purpose 3．A．country B．family C．childhood D．profession 4．A．needed B．proved C．wasted D．meant 5．A．fit in with B．search for C．look into D．take advantage of 6．A．interesting B．different C．ordinary D．brief 7．A．worthwhile B．helpful C．challenging D．rewarding 8．A．judge B．describe C．compare D．respect 9．A．appreciated B．expected C．promised D．remembered 10．A．explore B．cancel C．hide D．celebrate 11．A．Frankly B．Generally C．Absolutely D．Simply 12．A．regardless of B．instead of C．in line with D．by comparison with 13．A．values B．grades C．examines D．develops 14．A．levels B．topics C．occasions D．journeys 15．A．theory B．reflection C．detail D．recognition 【答案】 1．C 2．A 3．C 4．D 5．A 6．B 7．C 8．D 9．B 10．D 11．A 12．B 13．A 14．C 15．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者小时候移民美国后，作为印度裔美国人在融入美国社区时遇到的困难，以及作者的女儿在学校庆祝印度传统节日排灯节（Diwali）时，学校对印度文化的认可和尊重，让作者感到印象深刻。 1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我感到惊讶，也很高兴，甚至有点羡慕。A. anxious焦虑的；B. disappointed失望的；C. pleased高兴的；D. relaxed放松的。根据后文“and even a bit envious”中的“even”可知，作者对于女儿的行为除了惊讶之外，还有积极的情绪，即“高兴的”。故选C项。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她小时候庆祝我们传统节日的喜悦，与我自己童年时的经历相去甚远。A. joy喜悦；B. dream梦想；C. embarrassment尴尬；D. purpose目的。根据后文“of celebrating our traditional holidays”可知，空格处指女儿庆祝节日时的感受，应为积极的情绪，即“喜悦”。故选A项。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她小时候庆祝我们传统节日的喜悦，与我自己童年时的经历相去甚远。A. country国家；B. family家庭；C. childhood童年；D. profession职业。根据上文“Her ____2____ of celebrating our traditional holidays as a young child”可知，是将女儿小时候的经历与作者自己小时候的经历作对比。故选C项。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：1977年我们全家移民美国时，我们不知道作为印度裔美国人意味着什么。A. needed需要；B. proved证明；C. wasted浪费；D. meant意味着。根据后文“to be Indian Americans”可知，此处指作者全家移民美国时，不清楚作为印度裔美国人的身份“意味着什么”。故选D项。 5．考查动词短语辨析。句意：小时候，我很难融入美国社区。A. fit in with(与……)合得来，适应；B. search for寻找；C. look into调查；D. take advantage of利用。根据后文“the American community”及“few understood my family’s traditions”可知，作者很难“融入，适应”美国社区。故选A项。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我明显的不同的名字、文化和肤色使事情更具挑战性。A. interesting有趣的；B. different不同的；C. ordinary普通的；D. brief简洁的。根据后文“name, culture and skin color”及常识可知，印度裔美国人的名字、文化和肤色与当时的主流美国文化是不同的。故选B项。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我明显的不同的名字、文化和肤色使事情更具挑战性。A. worthwhile值得的；B. helpful有帮助的；C. challenging具有挑战性的；D. rewarding值得做的。根据上文“As a kid, I struggled to ____5____ the American community.”及“my obviously ____6____  name, culture and skin color”可知，作者很难融入美国社区，且其名字、文化和肤色与主流美国文化是不同的，所以这些情况都使作者融入美国社区这件事变得“更具挑战性”。故选C项。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我学唱圣诞颂歌，吃烤火鸡，并试图尊重我同学的文化背景时，很少有人理解我家的传统。A. judge判断；B. describe描述；C. compare比较；D. respect尊重。根据后文“my classmates’ cultural backgrounds”可知，此处指作者试图“尊重”同学的文化背景。故选D项。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以我从未期望过能在排灯节请假，或者在学校里以某种方式庆祝排灯节。A. appreciated感激；B. expected期望；C. promised承诺；D. remembered记得。根据上文“few understood my family’s traditions”以及后文“that I could take a day off for Diwali or ____10____  in some way at school.”可知，作者从未“期望过”能在排灯节请假或在学校里庆祝排灯节。故选B项。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. explore探索；B. cancel取消；C. hide隐藏；D. celebrate庆祝。根据上文“I could take a day off for Diwali”及常识可知，此处指作者从未期望过在学校里以某种方式“庆祝”排灯节。故选D项。 11．考查副词词义辨析。句意：坦白地说，为了不让自己显得太特别，我甚至恳求我妈妈接我放学时不要穿莎丽服，而是穿裤子。A. Frankly坦白地说；B. Generally一般地；C. Absolutely绝对地；D. Simply简单地。根据后文“to make myself less special”及“I even begged my mother”可知，此处是作者表达自己的真实想法，应用副词frankly作状语，表示“坦白地说”。故选A项。 12．考查介词短语辨析。句意同上。A. regardless of不管；B. instead of而不是；C. in line with与……一致；D. by comparison with与……相比较。根据上文“I begged my mother to wear pants”及后文“saris”可知，此处指作者为了让自己显得不特别，甚至恳求妈妈接自己放学时穿裤子而不是穿莎丽服。故选B项。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个排灯节，我女儿的学校如何重视她的排灯节项目，介绍在不同场合穿莎丽服，比如婚礼和家庭聚会，给我留下了深刻的印象。A. values重视；B. grades给……评分，分级；C. examines检查；D. develops发展。根据前文“I am impressed by how my daughter’s school ”以及后文“her Diwali project of introducing saris worn on different ____14____”可知，此处指作者女儿的学校“重视”其关于排灯节的介绍莎丽服的项目，这让作者印象深刻。故选A项。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. levels水平；B. topics话题；C. occasions场合；D. journeys旅程。根据后文“such as weddings and family gatherings”可知，此处指介绍在不同“场合”穿莎丽服。故选C项。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，排灯节已经被列入纽约市交替停车日历中。A. theory理论；B. reflection反思；C. detail细节；D. recognition认可。根据上文“And it’s not just my daughter’s school. The TV show The Office had a whole episode (集) centered around Diwali”及后文“Diwali has been placed on the New York City Alternate Side Parking calendar.”可知，此处指排灯节受到了广泛的“认可”，甚至被列入纽约市交替停车日历中。in true recognition为固定短语，表示“事实上；的确”。故选D项。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 12 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 1 Cultural Heritage 文化遗产 话题阅读精练 单元引言解读 Heritage is our legacy from the past, what we live with today, and what we pass on to future generations. —World Heritage Centre 释义：文化遗产是过去人类所创造，由现代人类继承并传之后世。 启示：文化遗产是把人类的过去、现在和未来联系起来的纽带。 主题词汇积累 一、保护行动类 1. preserve cultural heritage 保护文化遗产 2. restore historic sites 修复历史遗址 3. protect relics from damage 保护文物免受损坏 4. carry out conservation projects 开展保护项目 5. prevent illegal excavation 阻止非法挖掘 二、遗产价值类 1. historic significance 历史意义 2. cultural value 文化价值 3. artistic charm 艺术魅力 4. archaeological importance 考古价值 5. intangible cultural heritage 非物质文化遗产 三、传承交流类 1. pass down traditions 传承传统 2. promote cultural heritage awareness 提升文化遗产保护意识 3. international cultural exchanges 国际文化交流 4. digitalize cultural relics 文物数字化 5. hold heritage - themed exhibitions 举办遗产主题展览 四、面临状况类 1. face natural erosion 面临自然侵蚀 2. suffer from human destruction 遭受人为破坏 3. be in danger of disappearing 面临消失危险 4. lack protective measures 缺乏保护措施 5. confront urbanization challenges 遭遇城市化挑战 时文拓展阅读 (2024·北京市东城区高一上期末)Everywhere I look, there are new buildings being built. The neighbourhoods that I knew as a boy, filled with beautiful old buildings, have mostly disappeared, and in their place, modern, high­rise buildings have appeared. If we continue in this way, nothing will remain of our heritage; soon I will no longer recognize my city. What is left of the city's traditional buildings and neighbourhoods must be preserved and it is important to begin this process now. Historic preservation has become popular all over the world in recent years, but many countries have chosen new construction over preservation. There is good reason for this. As the population has become larger, people want the usefulness of modern living. However, the built environment should be more than shiny new buildings with air conditioning and washing machines; it should also show the beauty of our culture and heritage. How can our children understand our culture if we erase so much of the physical evidence (物证) of it? The reasons for preserving historic buildings are not simply about an emotional connection to the past. There are also good economic reasons in favour of preservation. The repair and preservation of historic sites can become an economic engine, drawing tourists and small businesses to the area. There are several good examples of this in the Middle East. In Dubai, the historic AI Bastikiya district draws thousands of tourists every year from all over the world. It also attracts local people, eager to learn about their city's past. Those who are against historic preservation think that it is too expensive. But many recent projects all over the world have told us that this is not necessarily the case. In fact, renovation (翻新) of an existing building can cost about $40 per square metre less than even the most basic new building, while preserving the beauty of the original building. What is more，environmental experts believe that the greenest building is the one that is already built. New building almost always has a more serious environmental influence because it requires the use of all­new materials that must be transported, often over long distances, instead of recycled materials that are already on site. We recycle so many other things. We can and should recycle buildings, too. 【译文欣赏】 无论我看向何处，都有新建筑在修建。我小时候熟悉的、满是漂亮古老建筑的街区，大多已经消失，取而代之的是现代化的高层建筑。如果我们继续这样下去，我们的文化遗产将所剩无几；很快我将不再认得我的城市。城市中留存下来的传统建筑和街区必须得到保护，而且现在就开启这一进程至关重要。 近年来，历史建筑保护在全球流行起来，但许多国家在建设时选择了新建而非保护。这是有充分理由的。随着人口增多，人们想要现代生活的便利性。然而，建筑环境不应只是配有空调和洗衣机的崭新亮丽建筑；它也应当展现我们文化与遗产的美。如果我们抹去这么多文化的实物证据，我们的孩子如何能理解我们的文化呢？ 保护历史建筑的原因不只是出于与过去的情感关联。支持保护也有充分的经济理由。历史遗迹的修复与保护能够成为经济引擎，吸引游客和小企业来到该地区。中东地区就有几个很好的例子。在迪拜，具有历史意义的巴斯塔基亚区每年吸引着来自世界各地的数千名游客。它也吸引着当地人，他们渴望了解自己城市的过去。 那些反对历史建筑保护的人认为这太贵了。但世界各地近期的许多项目都告诉我们，情况未必如此。事实上，对现有建筑进行翻新，每平方米的成本甚至比最基础的新建建筑还低约 40 美元，同时还能保留原有建筑的美感。此外，环境专家认为，最环保的建筑是已建成的建筑。新建建筑几乎总会产生更严重的环境影响，因为它需要使用全新的材料，这些材料往往必须长途运输，而不是使用现场已有的可回收材料。我们回收利用很多其他东西。我们能够而且也应当回收利用建筑。 【词汇积累】 英文 词性 中文释义 neighbourhood n. 街区；城区 heritage n. 遗产；传统 preservation n. 保护；维护 construction n. 建造；建筑 emotional adj. 情感的；情绪的 economic adj. 经济的；经济上的 engine n. 引擎；发动机；这里引申为 “推动力、引擎” renovation n. 翻新；整修 recycle v. 回收利用；再利用 【知识拓展】 文化传承与坚守: 文化遗产是城市与民族的 “根” 与 “魂”，就像大树的根系，深埋地下却滋养着整棵树的生长。每一处古老建筑、每一条传统街区，都是时光写就的故事书，留存着先辈的智慧、情感与生活痕迹。保护它们，并非是守旧不前，而是在快速发展的现代浪潮里，为心灵留存一片宁静的归处，让我们知道自己从何而来。当我们用心守护这些文化遗产，就是在给未来的自己和后代，保留穿越时空对话的窗口，让文化的温度与力量，代代传递，永不冷却，让我们在前行中，永远有可回望的珍贵 “故乡” ，无论脚步走多远，心灵都有栖息的港湾。 【词汇延伸】 · preserve（v. 保护；维护 ）：派生词 preservative（n. 防腐剂；adj. 防腐的 ）、preservationist（n. 主张保护自然生态的人；文物保护主义者 ） ，比如 “preservationists are working hard to save the old temple”（文物保护主义者正努力拯救那座古老寺庙 ）。 · economy（n. 经济 ）：与 economic（经济的 ）相关的 economical（adj. 节约的；实惠的 ） ，如 “an economical way of using resources”（一种节约资源的方式 ） ；还有 economics（n. 经济学 ） 。 · recycle（v. 回收 ）：派生词 recyclable（adj. 可回收利用的 ）、recycling（n. 回收利用 ） ，像 “recyclable materials should be sorted out”（可回收材料应当分类 ） 。 【长难句分析】 1. 句子：The neighbourhoods that I knew as a boy, filled with beautiful old buildings, have mostly disappeared, and in their place, modern, high - rise buildings have appeared. 分析： 主句是 “The neighbourhoods... have mostly disappeared, and... modern, high - rise buildings have appeared” ，是由 “and” 连接的并列句，分别说明旧街区消失和新建筑出现的情况。 “that I knew as a boy” 是定语从句，修饰 “neighbourhoods” ，限定是 “我小时候熟悉的” 街区；“filled with beautiful old buildings” 是过去分词短语作后置定语，进一步描述街区 “满是漂亮古老建筑” 的特征。 2. 句子：In fact, renovation (翻新) of an existing building can cost about $40 per square metre less than even the most basic new building, while preserving the beauty of the original building. 分析： 主句是 “renovation of an existing building can cost... less than... new building” ，核心是比较翻新现有建筑和新建最基础建筑的成本差异。 “while preserving the beauty of the original building” 是 “while + 现在分词” 结构作伴随状语，说明翻新建筑时 “同时保留原有建筑美感” 这一伴随情况 。 3. 句子：New building almost always has a more serious environmental influence because it requires the use of all - new materials that must be transported, often over long distances, instead of recycled materials that are already on site. 分析： 主句 “New building almost always has a more serious environmental influence” 表明新建建筑对环境影响更严重这一结果。 “because” 引导原因状语从句 “it requires the use of all - new materials... instead of recycled materials...” ，解释产生上述结果的原因；在原因从句里，“that must be transported, often over long distances” 是定语从句修饰 “all - new materials” ，说明新材料需 “长途运输” ；“that are already on site” 是定语从句修饰 “recycled materials” ，说明可回收材料 “已在现场” 。 高考真题链接 (2022年全国乙卷)In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N. Y. — Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood — traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. The girls had gone to Smith College. They wore expensive clothes. So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo. to instruct the children whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted: The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden, who is a magazine editor and Dorothy Woodruff’s granddaughter. Why did they go then? Well, they wanted to do something useful. Soon, however, they realized what they had undertaken. They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice. In Wickenden’s book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course influenced the girls’ decision to go to Elkhead. A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed (牵涉) drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms. The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy’s return to Auburn. Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism (坚忍) of the people move her to some beautiful writing. Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff, on her horse, looking down from a hill top: “When the sun slipped behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them. Then a full moon rose. The snow was marked only by small animals: foxes, coyotes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter.” 24．Why did Dorothy and Rosamond go to the Rocky Mountains? A．To teach in a school. B．To study American history. C．To write a book. D．To do sightseeing. 25．What can we learn about the girls from paragraph 3? A．They enjoyed much respect. B．They had a room with a bathtub. C．They lived with the local kids. D．They suffered severe hardships. 26．Which part of Wickenden’s writing is hair-raising? A．The extreme climate of Auburn. B．The living conditions in Elkhead. C．The railroad building in the Rockies. D．The natural beauty of the West. 27．What is the text? A．A news report. B．A book review. C．A children’s story. D．A diary entry. 1.句子：So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo. to instruct the children whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise. · 分析： 主干为 “for them to move to Elkhead...was a surprise”，其中 “for them to move to Elkhead, Colo. to instruct the children” 是动词不定式的复合结构作主语，强调 “她们搬到 Elkhead 教书” 这一行为。 “whose shoes were held together with string” 是定语从句，修饰 “children”，说明孩子们的鞋子用绳子绑着的状况。 2.句子：In Wickenden’s book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course influenced the girls’ decision to go to Elkhead. · 分析： 主干为 “she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism”，“which of course influenced...Elkhead” 是非限制性定语从句，修饰 “feminism”，解释女权主义对女孩们决定的影响。 英文 词性 中文释义 例句 / 搭配 settlement n. 定居点；解决 The settlement in the Rockies was built in the 19th century.（落基山脉的定居点建于 19 世纪）。 instruct v. 教授；指示 She instructs students in math and science. （她教授学生数学和科学）。 undertake v. 承担；从事；承诺 They undertook to finish the project within a month.（他们承诺在一个月内完成项目）。 privacy n. 隐私；独处 The house offers plenty of privacy. （这所房子提供了充足的隐私）。 entail v. 牵涉；需要；使必要 Building the railway entailed months of hard work.（修建铁路需要数月的艰苦工作）。 stoicism n. 坚忍；克己 The pioneers showed great stoicism in the face of hardship.（拓荒者在困难面前表现出极大的坚忍）。 背景知识： 1.20 世纪初美国西部教育状况： 20 世纪初的美国西部（如落基山脉地区）教育资源匮乏，许多学校设施简陋（如一室校舍），师资力量薄弱。富裕家庭的女性前往西部支教是当时一种特殊的社会现象，体现了教育公平的早期尝试。 2.女权主义（Feminism）的影响： 20 世纪初，女权运动在美国兴起，女性开始追求教育权和社会参与感。Dorothy 和 Rosamond 作为受过高等教育的女性（毕业于 Smith College），主动选择到艰苦地区教书，反映了当时女权意识觉醒对年轻女性的影响。 3.美国西部拓荒史与铁路建设： 19 世纪末至 20 世纪初，美国西部铁路建设（如贯穿落基山脉的铁路）是重要历史事件，但过程极为艰辛。文中提到的 “blinding snowstorms”（ blinding 意为 “使人眩晕的”）和 “drilling through the Rockies”（钻穿落基山脉）体现了工程的危险性和环境的恶劣。 阅读微技能（解题技巧） 1.细节定位法： 针对细节题（如 24 题问原因），直接根据题干关键词（如 “go to the Rocky Mountains”）定位到原文第一段，找到 “to teach in a one-room schoolhouse” 的表述，快速匹配选项 A。 2.推理归纳法： 处理推理题（如 25 题）时，整合第三段中 “little privacy, rare baths, snow on their quilt”“children weeping from the cold” 等细节，归纳出女孩们生活条件艰苦，对应选项 D。 3.关键词匹配法： 解答词义猜测或细节题（如 26 题 “hair-raising”）时，根据题干关键词定位到倒数第二段 “hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads”，直接匹配选项 C 中的 “railroad building”。 4.文体特征分析法： 推断文章体裁（27 题）时，抓住文中多次出现的 “the book ends”“Wickenden’s writing” 等表述，结合对书籍内容和写作风格的评价，判断为书评（book review）。 综合实战演练 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 Passage 1 阅读理解 记叙文 290 文章主要讲述16岁的Jude在澳大利亚经历文化冲击及四个阶段的适应过程。 Passage 2 阅读理解 说明文 249 文章主要介绍了一项国际研究，发现不同文化间情感交流既有共性也有差异，及其在多领域的意义。 Passage 3 阅读理解 说明文 331 文章介绍了沉默在不同文化中的不同含义，并探讨了护士如何在护理中正确处理沉默。 Passage 4 七选五 记叙文 253 文章主要讲述作者经历的反向文化冲击。 Passage 5 阅读理解 说明文 275 文章主要讲述了谈话中的沉默文化。尽管交谈中出现停顿是普遍存在的，但我们对沉默的认识在不同的文化中有着巨大的差异。不同的文化中沉默时间不同，对于沉默的看法也不同。相比而言，亲密的朋友和家人之间更容易出现沉默。 Passage 6 阅读理解 说明文 324 文章对比了中美文化中友谊和待客方式的差异，美国人的友谊灵活且可能中断但可恢复，待客热情但不愿花额外时间，而中国人的友谊更长久深入，并愿意为朋友付出大量时间。 Passage 7 阅读理解 说明文 314 文章主要介绍了文化冲击的概念、三个阶段、引发因素以及不同人群的感受和应对方法。 Passage 8 完形填空 记叙文 253 文章主要讲述了作者小时候移民美国后，作为印度裔美国人在融入美国社区时遇到的困难，以及作者的女儿在学校庆祝印度传统节日排灯节（Diwali）时，学校对印度文化的认可和尊重，让作者感到印象深刻。 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·江西上饶·期末）When 16-year-old Jude first arrived in Australia to study in high school for a year and lived with a host family, excitement filled her heart about everything new. Despite attending a one-day preparatory meeting as an exchange student, culture shock was unavoidable. In the first few weeks, known as “honeymoon stage I”, Jude felt joyful being in the new culture. But this positive feeling didn’t stay. After around two months, she began to miss her friends and family deeply. Frustrating thoughts crowded her mind: “Nobody really gets me, and my English is far from good. If only people could speak German for a day! If only the public transportation worked like it does at home!” Clearly, she had entered “honeymoon stage II”. During the following months, Jude gradually and unconsciously stepped into the “adjustment stage”. She formed her own daily routine, learned different ways to deal with stress, and made many new friends. Her English improved significantly, and she understood Australian culture better. This was a huge personal breakthrough. Day by day, she felt more at home in Australia. She picked up many new characteristics while still keeping some from her home country. She even thought of herself as “having a second nationality”. This process in her last months abroad is called the “mastery stage”. Her happiest moment came when a dear friend said during a chat, “You are Australian now, Jude! You sound just like us!” It’s important to note that the impacts of culture shock differ from person to person, leading to various behaviors and feelings. Also, the time when each stage occurs varies greatly among individuals. One thing is certain-culture shock is inescapable, and acceptance is the first key step to better adapt to a foreign culture. 1．Why did Jude attend a one-day preparatory meeting? A．To learn about Australian culture in advance. B．To avoid culture shock completely. C．To make friends with other exchange students. D．To prepare for her high school entrance exam. 2．What did Jude feel during “honeymoon stage II”? A．Happy and excited. B．Lonely and frustrated. C．Confident and proud. D．Comfortable and relaxed. 3．What happened during Jude’s “adjustment stage”? A．She refused to accept new things. B．She had difficulty learning English. C．She missed her home more than before. D．She made progress in understanding Australian culture. 4．What can we learn from the passage? A．Everyone experiences the same culture shock. B．The “mastery stage” is the most difficult stage. C．Culture shock can be avoided with good preparation. D．Accepting culture shock helps adapt to a new culture. Passage 2 （24-25高三上·福建莆田·阶段练习）In the era of globalization, cross-cultural communication has become increasingly important. A recent study conducted by a team of international researchers has revealed some fascinating insights into how different cultures perceive and communicate emotions. The study involved participants from five different countries: the United States, Japan, Brazil, France, and South Africa. Through a series of experiments, including facial expression recognition tasks and emotional storytelling, the researchers found that there are both universal and culture-specific aspects of emotional communication. One of the universal findings was that basic emotions such as happiness, sadness, and anger are relatively easily recognized across cultures. However, the way these emotions are expressed and interpreted can vary significantly. For example, in Japan, people tend to be more reserved in expressing strong emotions, especially in public. A Japanese person might show a more subtle expression of anger, perhaps through a slight furrowing of the brow, while an American might display more overt signs like raised voices and animated gestures. In terms of non-verbal communication, the study also found differences. In Brazil, people are more likely to use touch as a form of communication, such as a friendly pat on the back or a handshake that lingers a bit longer. In contrast, in France, the use of hand gestures is more elaborate and plays a crucial role in conveying meaning. These findings have important implications for international business, diplomacy, and education. Understanding these cultural differences in emotional communication can help avoid misunderstandings and build stronger relationships across cultures. 1．What is the main topic of the passage? A．The importance of globalization in cross-cultural communication. B．A study on how different cultures perceive and communicate emotions. C．The universal recognition of basic emotions across cultures. D．The role of non-verbal communication in different cultures. 2．What did the study find about the recognition of basic emotions? A．They are recognized differently across all cultures. B．They are relatively easily recognized across cultures. C．Only happiness is recognized universally. D．Recognition of basic emotions depends on language. 3．How do Japanese people tend to express strong emotions? A．In a more reserved way, especially in public. B．Through animated gestures and loud voices. C．By using elaborate hand gestures. D．With a lot of physical touch. 4．What is the significance of the study’s findings? A．They can help improve international business, diplomacy, and education. B．They can change the way people express emotions. C．They can make all cultures communicate in the same way. D．They can promote the development of a universal language. Passage 3 （24-25高二下·天津西青·期中）The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap (间隙) with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person’s needs. Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied (暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection. Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority. Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient’s silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing (治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures. 1．What does the author say about silence in conversations? A．It implies anger. B．It promotes friendship. C．It is culture-specific. D．It is content-based. 2．Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought? A．The Chinese. B．The French. C．The Mexicans. D．The Russians. 3．Which of the following statements is true according to paragraph 2 and 3? A．Americans may view silence as a sign of respect to the old. B．Mexicans may remain silent to avoid appearing disrespectful. C．In Asian cultures, silence is primarily used to signal agreement in discussions. D．Silence in all cultures implies a lack of interest in the topic being discussed. 4．What does the author advise nurses to do about silence? A．Let it continue as the patient pleases. B．Break it while treating patients. C．Evaluate its harm to patients. D．Make use of its healing effects. 5．What may be the best title for the text? A．Sound and Silence. B．What It Means to Be Silent. C．Silence to Native Americans. D．Speech Is Silver, Silence Is Gold. Passage 4 （24-25高一下·浙江温州·期末）My Reverse (反向的) Culture Shock Language difficulties. Culture shock. Homesickness (乡愁). 1 But for me, returning home proved the hardest of all. After the experience of a year abroad, coming home can feel disappointing. Why was I feeling so disconnected? 2 I’d idealized (理想化) home in my mind. And I’d expected everything to remain exactly the same while I was gone. When I got back and the reality fell short of these ideals, I experienced what I’d call a reverse culture shock. The idea might seem a bit over the top, especially for exchange students who have only spent a year or less away from home. But as you live in a new culture, you quickly adapt to a different way of life; meanwhile, you think life at home is no different. 3 Some friends have been apart from each other while others have become closer together. When you arrive in an unknown place, it takes effort to adapt to your new environment. Your days are filled with new interests and busy schedule. 4 It seems strange to me that no one at university warns you about this beforehand. The feeling of disconnection can be hard to shake off. I kept wondering how long it would take to feel normal again. Getting a part-time job would eventually help relieve my own sense of disconnection. 5 Readjusting at home has been harder than life abroad, but I’m starting to find a new normal. A．However, everyone changes. B．I’d lost interest in everything at home. C．I realized I’d done two things while I was away. D．Spending more time with family and friends also helped. E．Most people experience these problems in their daily jobs. F．These are the things you might worry about before studying abroad. G．No surprise once the period is over, many exchange students feel at a loss. Passage 5 （24-25高一下·四川·阶段练习）At your next meeting, wait for a pause (暂停)in conversation and try to measure how long it lasts. Among English speakers, chances are that it will be a second or two at most. But while this pattern may be universal, our awareness of silence differs dramatically across cultures. What one culture considers a confusing or awkward pause may be seen by others as a valuable moment of reflection and sign of respect for what the last speaker has said. Research in Dutch and also in English found that when a silence in conversation stretches to four seconds, people start to feel uneasy. In contrast, a separate study of business meetings found that Japanese people are happy with silences of 8.2 seconds — nearly twice as long as in Americans’ meetings. In Japan, it is recognized that the best communication is when you don’t speak at all. It’s already a failure to understand each other by speaking because you’re repairing that failure by using words. In the US, it may originate from the history of colonial (殖民地) America as a crossroads of many different races. When you have a complex of difference, it’s hard to establish common understanding unless you talk and there’s understandably a kind of anxiety unless people are verbally（口头上） engaged to establish a common life. This applies also to some extent to London. In contrast, when there’s more homogeneity, perhaps it’s easier for some kinds of silence to appear. For example, among your closest friends and family it’s easier to sit in silence than with people you’re less well familiar with. 1．Which of the following people might have the longest silence in conversation? A．The Dutch. B．Americans. C．The English. D．The Japanese. 2．What might the Japanese agree with in a conversation? A．Speaking more gives the upper hand. B．Speak out what you have in your mind. C．Great minds think alike without words. D．The shorter talking silence, the better. 3．What can we learn from the text? A．A four second silence in conversation is universal. B．It’s hard for Japanese to reach a common agreement. C．English speakers are more talkative than Japanese speakers. D．The closer we and our family are, the easier the silence appears. 4．What does the underlined word “homogeneity” in the last paragraph mean? A．Similarity. B．Competition. C．Balance. D．Misunderstanding. Passage 6 （24-25高一下·天津·阶段练习）America is a mobile society. Friendships between Americans can be close and real, yet disappear soon if situations change. Neither side feels hurt by this. Both may exchange Christmas greetings for a year or two, perhaps a few letters for a while — then no more. If the same two people meet again by chance, even years later, they pick up the friendship. This can be quite difficult for us Chinese to understand, because friendships between us flow more slowly but then may become lifelong feelings, extending (延伸) sometimes deeply into both families. Americans are ready to receive us foreigners at their homes, share their holidays, and their home life. They will enjoy welcoming us and be pleased if we accept their hospitality (好客) easily, but truly can’t manage the time to do a great deal with a visitor outside their daily routine. They will probably expect us to get ourselves from the airport to our own hotel by bus. And they expect that we will phone them from there. Once we arrive at their homes, the welcome will be full, warm and real. We will find ourselves treated hospitably. Another difficult point for us Chinese to understand Americans is that although they include us warmly in their personal everyday lives, they don’t show their politeness to us if it requires a great deal of time. This is usually the opposite of the practice in our country where we may be generous with our time. Sometimes, we, as hosts, will appear at airports even in the middle of the night to meet a friend. We may take days off to act as guides to our foreign friends. The Americans, however, express their welcome usually at homes. For the Americans, it is often considered more friendly to invite a friend to their homes than to go to restaurants, except for pure business matters. So accept their hospitality at home! 1．The writer of this passage must be ________. A．an American B．a Chinese C．a professor D．a student 2．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A．Friendships between Americans usually extend deeply into their families. B．Friendships between Americans usually last for all their lives. C．Americans always show their warmth even if they are very busy. D．Americans will continue their friendships again even after a long break. 3．The underlined words “generous with our time” in Paragraph 3 probably mean “________”. A．strict with time B．serious with time C．careful with time D．willing to spend time 4．A suitable title for this passage would probably be “________”. A．Friendships between Chinese B．Friendships between Americans C．Americans’ hospitality D．Americans’ and Chinese views of friendships 5．According to the passage, which statement is TRUE? A．Both Americans and Chinese are likely to show their politeness, regardless of time required. B．Even though the friendships between Americans disappear, they may find it acceptable. C．The Americans usually express their welcome at airports and act as guides. D．For Americans, friendships extend sometimes deeply into both families. Passage 7 （24-25高一下·全国·期末）Specialists (专家) say that it is not easy to get used to life in a new culture. “Culture shock” occurs when they are talking about the feelings that people have in a new environment. The specialists say that there are three stages of culture shock. In the first stage, the newcomers like their new environment. Then, when the fresh experience dies, they begin to hate the city, the country, the people, and everything else. In the last stage, the newcomers begin to get used to their surroundings and, as a result, enjoy their life more. There are some evident factors in culture shock. The weather may be unpleasant. The customs may be diverse. The public service systems — the telephone services, the post office, or the transportation — may be difficult to work out. The simplest things seem to be the biggest problems. The language may be difficult. Who feels culture shock? Everyone does in this or that way. But culture shock surprises most people. Very often the people having the worst culture shock are those who never had any difficulties in their own country. Coming to a new country, these people find they do not have the same positions as they had back home. They find themselves without any identity. They have to build a new self-image. Culture shock gives rise to a feeling of helplessness. This feeling may be homesickness. When homesick, people feel like staying inside all the time. They want to protect themselves from the strange environment, and create an escape inside their room for a sense of security (安全). This escape does solve the problem of culture shock for a short time, but it does nothing to make the person familiar with the culture. Getting to know the new environment and gaining experience are the long-term solutions to the problem of culture shock. 1．What could happen when people move to a new country? A．They may get used to their new surroundings with difficulty. B．They may have well prepared for the new surroundings. C．They may get used to the culture of the country quickly. D．They may never be familiar with the culture of the country. 2．According to the passage, which of the following factors doesn’t give rise to culture shock? A．The language. B．The weather conditions and customs. C．The public service systems. D．The homesickness. 3．According to the passage, who have the worst culture shock? A．People who are not successful at home. B．People who are very successful at home. C．People who earn much money abroad. D．People who are famous abroad. 4．According to the writer, what is the best way to overcome culture shock? A．To protect ourselves from the unfamiliar environment. B．To develop a strange sense of self-protection. C．To get familiar with the new culture. D．To return to our own country. Passage 8 One day, my 7-year-old daughter said she needed a sari (莎丽服) and a candle dish for Diwali, a major festival in India, for the school’s Share Day. I felt surprised and 1 , and even a bit envious. Her 2 of celebrating our traditional holidays as a young child is far from what I experienced in my own 3 . When my family immigrated (移民) to America in 1977, we didn’t know what it 4 to be Indian Americans. As a kid, I struggled to 5 the American community. And my obviously 6 name, culture and skin color made things even more 7 . While I learned Christmas carols, ate roast turkey and tried to 8 my classmates’ cultural backgrounds, few understood my family’s traditions. So that I could take a day off for Diwali or I never 9 that I could take a day off for Diwali or 10 in some way at school. 11 , to make myself less special, I even begged my mother to wear pants 12 saris when she picked me up from school. This Diwali, I am impressed by how my daughter’s school 13 her Diwali project of introducing saris worn on different 14 , such as weddings and family gatherings. And it’s not just my daughter’s school. The TV show The Office had a whole episode (集) centered around Diwali. In true 15 , Diwali has been placed on the New York City Alternate Side Parking calendar. 1．A．anxious B．disappointed C．pleased D．relaxed 2．A．joy B．dream C．embarrassment D．purpose 3．A．country B．family C．childhood D．profession 4．A．needed B．proved C．wasted D．meant 5．A．fit in with B．search for C．look into D．take advantage of 6．A．interesting B．different C．ordinary D．brief 7．A．worthwhile B．helpful C．challenging D．rewarding 8．A．judge B．describe C．compare D．respect 9．A．appreciated B．expected C．promised D．remembered 10．A．explore B．cancel C．hide D．celebrate 11．A．Frankly B．Generally C．Absolutely D．Simply 12．A．regardless of B．instead of C．in line with D．by comparison with 13．A．values B．grades C．examines D．develops 14．A．levels B．topics C．occasions D．journeys 15．A．theory B．reflection C．detail D．recognition 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 12 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$