北京师范大学附属中学2024-2025学年高一下学期期末考试英语试卷

北京师大附中2024—2025学年 (下)高一期末考试 英 语 试 卷 班级： 学号： 姓名： 考生须知 1. 本试卷有八道大题，共16页。考试时长120分钟，满分150分。 2. 考生务必将答案填写在机读卡和答题纸上，在试卷上作答无效。 3. 考试结束后，考生应将机读卡和答题纸交回。 第 Ⅰ 卷 一、听力 (本大题共20小题，共20分) 第一节 听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话你将听一遍。 1. What will the woman do this evening? A. Have dinner with Mike. B. Go out with her parents. C. Stay at home with her brother. 2. How will the man help the woman? A. By writing invitations. B. By preparing dinner. C. By going shopping. 3. What day is it today? A. Friday. B. Saturday. C. Sunday. 4. What is next to the oldest building in town? A. City Hall. B. The police station. C. The post office. 5. Why is the man talking to the woman? A. To take out insurance. B. To describe his illness. C. To make an appointment. 第二节 听下面4段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白你将听两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。 6. Where does the conversation take place? A. In a hotel. B. In the man’s office. C. In a post office. 7. What will the man do next? A. Post some papers. B. Find a fax machine. C. Go downstairs. 听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。 8. How will the woman go to San Diego from Los Angeles? A. By bus. B. By plane. C. By train. 9 Why will the woman go to California? A. To study in a university. B. To see her sister. C. To visit the man. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10. Where did the man most probably lose his phone? A. On the underground. B. In a restaurant. C. In a bank. 11. What will the man do before five o’clock? A . Meet the woman. B. Buy a new phone. C. Make a call to the woman 12. How does the man fee in the end? A. Surprised. B. Doubtful. C. Grateful. 听第9段材料，回答第13 至15题。 13. Who is the speaker? A. An English teacher. B. A university student. C. A news reporter. 14. What does the speaker suggest? A. Practicing listening more after class. B. Trying to understand every word when listening. C. Listening to pop songs without reading the words. 15. What is the speaker mainly talking about? A. How to improve English listening. B. How to understand teachers better. C. How to find interesting materials. 第三节 听下面一段独白，完成第16至第20小题，每空只需填写一个词。听独白前，你有20秒钟的时间阅读试题，听完后你有90秒钟的作答时间。本段独白你将听两遍。 Courses at Highbury College Courses ◎ An English 16 course dealing with 20th — century writers and 17 ◎ A course about 18th — century 18 ◎ A course in Modern Architecture Time ◎ From 9: 00 a.m. to 3: 00 p.m. ◎ No classes on 19 Price $ 425 including all meals, full use of the library, 20 activities and all books 二、完形填空 (本大题共10小题，共15分) “I Got Him!” It was the homecoming parade in Rockwall, Texas, and cheerleader Tyra Winters in her uniform, was riding atop one of the school’s floats (花车). As it slowly made its way down the street, the 17-year-old enthusiastically 21 at the crowd, all the while absorbed in the music, laughter, and applause. All of a sudden, a horrible 22 came. Looking down, Winters saw a two-year-old on the sidewalk breathing for air with great difficulty, his mother 23 for help in panic. The boy had been eating a piece of candy when it 24 down the back of his mouth, getting stuck in his throat and blocking his windpipe. “There was no coughing; there was no 25 ,” his mother, Nicole cried. No one seemed to know how to help. Except for Winters. With dreams of becoming a surgeon, she had learned first aid. Knowing that every second 26 , she jumped off the moving float and ran to the child. By the time she got to the boy, his face had turned purple. “I got him!” she yelled to Nicole as she 27 the boy from her. Winters positioned him against her and gave a good three back slaps (拍打). Soon, the boy coughed up the piece of 28 , and began breathing again. Without another word, Winters handed the boy back to his mother and hurried back to her float before it could leave her behind. It all happened so 29 , Nicole never had time to thank the teen. Winters’ heroic actions left Nicole 30 . “I don’t really have any words.” she said, “Thank you doesn’t seem good enough.” 21. A. stared B. shouted C. waved D. laughed 22. A. scream B. music C. ring D. whisper 23. A. preparing B. waiting C. applying D. begging 24. A. jumped B. fell C. slid D. ran 25. A. speaking B. breathing C. crying D. laughing 26. A. continued B. faded C. counted D. approached 27. A. moved B. grabbed C. separated D. drew 28. A. blood B. nut C. biscuit D. candy 29. A. quietly B. quickly C. obviously D. gradually 30. A. speechless B. doubtless C. fearless D. breathless 三、阅读理解 (本大题共20小题，共30分) 第一节 A If you’re looking to buy a gift for your children, why not keep up with the trend and get the best hoverboard? What is a Hoverboard? A hoverboard is a two-wheeled personal transportation device. It’s electrical, portable and became highly popular in 2015 in reference to a popular 1980’s movie. Typically, this self-balancing device operates like a powered skateboard. How Does a Hoverboard Work? The device may have many designs, but the mechanism itself isn’t complicated. Basically, a standard hoverboard contains: • Battery: stores the electrical power. Almost all hoverboards use a high-watt lithium-ion battery. • Gyroscope (one for each wheel): allows riders to tilt (倾斜) the hoverboard while maintaining balance and adjusting their direction. • Motor (one in each wheel): provides the power to the wheels to keep the rider balanced and upright. • Logic board: functions as the hoverboard brain. It processes data your speed, tilt, etc.— and sends information to the motors. This unit controls the power of the board so riders can adjust their speed. All the above components work together to control the power and tilt of the hoverboards so the rider is balanced, upright and moving at a controlled speed. Why Buy a Hoverboard? Undoubtedly, hoverboards are cool. You’ve probably seen kids riding one around the house. They’re a phenomenon and everybody wants in. So, why deny your kids and prevent them from being part of this trend? Where is a hoverboard legal? Despite their wild popularity, hoverboards have yet to become “street-legal”. Currently, some places prohibit anyone under 16 from using these devices, and hoverboards are banned in academic institutions and public places, like campus buildings, parks, shopping malls and subway stations. Some places have also put speed limits on the devices and restricted their use to bike paths. However, open areas — including your yard — are free of these restrictions. 31. The logic board of a hoverboard can . A. store electricity B. power the wheels C. send information to the riders D. receive data and give command 32. According to the passage, a hoverboard can be used . A. on campus B. in parks C. on bike paths D . in shopping malls 33. What is the main purpose of this passage? A. To evaluate a gift’s quality. B. To recommend a gift choice. C. To compare new hoverboard models. D. To clarify functions of the latest hoverboards. B Open water swimming I had only swum in open water a few times, and always in gentle lakes, so I wasn’t prepared for how rough Lake Windermere appeared on a cold day. A swimmer told me the water felt colder than it had been measured, and that the water was a bit rough. But I, along with 10,000 others, was about to complete the challenge regardless of the difficulties. Most of the people taking part were doing a one-mile race, and 10 races were planned over the weekend. There seemed to be a mix of open-water enthusiasts alongside complete beginners — which is precisely the aim of the swims, to get as many people as possible completing their own challenge. The oldest woman competing was 77, taking part in the two-mile race, alongside a man who last year had swum in every one-mile race. I had chosen the third one-mile race of the day. There were over 600 people in my race. We were taken through a preparation area, a children’s paddling pool-sized part of the lake where we moved in to feel how cold the water was. “Not too bad” was everyone’s thought! Then we headed out towards the middle of the lake. We’d been warned that the first 100 meters would be really rough. However, somewhere near the 750m mark, I was still waiting for the calm; it felt more like swimming in the sea than a lake. I tried to focus on my breathing and technique, and just keep going. As I approached the 400m-to-go mark my lower right leg became painful. I recalled overhearing people talking about how they kept swimming through the pain, so I tried. But it didn’t work. I began to feel the entire leg tight and painful. I didn’t want to stop, so I bent my right knee and just kicked with the left leg. Finally, I saw the finishing post, and I just concentrated on getting there — still one-legged. My finishing time was 38 minutes 25 seconds but that didn’t matter — everyone felt fantastic and a sense of achievement, whatever their time. I’m attracted and want to give it another go. I’ve already signed up for my next open-water swim. 34. How did the author feel before the race? A. Scared of the most challenging race. B. Disappointed by the difficult conditions. C. Determined to be as rough as the people around her. D. Concerned about the other swimmers in the race. 35. Why does the author mention the two people in Paragraph 2? A. To stress the importance of the race. B. To praise the experienced swimmers. C. To introduce the various events of the race. D. To show the wide range of the participants. 36. The author suggests in Paragraph 4 that . A. the race would cause breathing problems B. the race became harder than she had expected C. it would have been easier if she had taken others’ advice D. it was really necessary to prepare for tough swims 37. What does the author talk about in the last paragraph? A. Her confidence in her own ability. B. Her pride in having swum so quickly. C. Her surprise at having managed to finish. D. Her eagerness to repeat the experience. C A crucial period for learning the rules and structure of a language lasts up to around age 17 or 18, say psychologist Joshua Hartshorne of MIT and his colleagues. Previous research had suggested that grammar-learning ability developed in early childhood before hitting a dead end around age 5. However, Hartshorne’s team reports online in Cognition that people who started learning English as a second language in an English-speaking country by age 10 to 12 ultimately mastered the new tongue as well as folks who had learned English and another language at the same time from birth. Both groups, however, fell somewhat short of the grammatical fluency displayed by English-only speakers. After ages 10 to 12, new-to-English learners reached lower levels of fluency than those who started learning English at younger ages because time ran out when their grammar-absorbing ability fell starting around age 17. Aiming for a sample of tens of thousands of volunteers, Hartshorne began by contacting friends on Facebook to take an online English grammar quiz, which used a person’s responses to guess his or her native language and dialect (方言) of English. Then volunteers filled out a questionnaire asking where they had lived, languages they had spoken from birth, the age at which they began learning English and the number of years they had lived in an English-speaking-country. In the end, the researchers analyzed responses of 669, 498 native and nonnative English speakers. Statistical calculations focused on estimating at what ages people with varying amounts of experience speaking English reached peak grammar ability. Researchers who study language learning regard the new study as fascinating,but exploratory. According to psycholinguist David Barner of the University of California, San Diego, Hartshorne’s team can’t yet say that language skill develops along a single timeline. Different elements of grammar, such as using correct word order or subjects and verbs that agree with one another, might be learned at different rates, Barner says. It’s also unclear whether the responses of volunteers to an online,132-item grammar test reflect how well or poorly they actually speak English, he says. What’s more, language learning involves more than a crucial period for acquiring grammar, cautions linguist David Birdsong of the University of Texas at Austin. For instance, growing up speaking two languages at once puts still poorly understood burdens on the ability to grasp grammar, he says. In the new study, people who were bilinguals (speaking two languages) from birth fell short of peak English grammar scores achieved by English-only speakers. That’s consistent with evidence that bilinguals cannot easily turn off one language while speaking another, Birdsong says. Interactions between tongues spoken by one person may slightly depress how much can be learned about both languages, even if bilingual communication still reaches high levels, he suggests. 38. Hartshorne and his colleagues found that . A. one reaches a higher level of fluency at age 10 B. one learns a second language fastest at about age 12 C. one gets a good grasp of English grammar before age 5 D. one’s ability to master grammar declines at around age 17 39. Hartshorne collected data through . A. social media B. experiments in the lab C. literature review D. face-to-face interviews 40. David Barner believes that . A. language skill develops along a single timeline B. online volunteers do not cover a wide enough range C. different grammar items may be acquired at different paces D. the quiz in the new study does not include enough questions 41. What can we know about bilinguals from the last two paragraphs? A. They can achieve a perfect grammar score. B. Grammar learning is the biggest burden for them. C. They are able to make a swift shift between languages. D. Speaking two languages affects their language acquisition. D Don’t put it off, do it now! Why do we spend so much time not doing the work we should do, or putting off small jobs that have piled up to create a big problem? Procrastinating, as putting things off like this is called, is in our character we have naturally since birth; we avoid dull or difficult jobs until it’s ta o late to do anything else. “We often put things off although we know it will make life more stressful,” says Dr. Steel, an expert on the science of motivation. “If these tasks were fun, we’d just do them now. We put off what is difficult or unpleasant, such as the paperwork that needs doing before leaving the office or cleaning the bits of your home that people can’t see. But the fact is, the less people procrastinate, the more money they have, the better relationships they have, and the healthier they are.” This is obvious when you look at the couples who don’t argue about whether anyone has cleaned the kitchen, and the people who simply go for a run instead of endlessly rescheduling it in their heads. Of course, there are the rest of us, who feel the small jobs piling up around us daily. “We’ve evolved to respond to the moment, and not to set our sights too far in an uncertain world,” Dr. Steel adds. “We are not set up to appreciate long-term rewards, whether it’s the benefit of a four-year degree, doing exercise or dieting. We usually feel the cost now and the reward comes much later.” According to Dr. Steel, we have two decision-making systems. They are the limbic, which is responsible for the short term, and the prefrontal cortex, which deals with the future. We bounce between long-term goals and short-term temptations, so we need goals that will translate our plans for the limbic system. Let’s take the example of students’ writing essays. They should set themselves targets and word counts per day. These are thus turned from seemingly endless tasks into something concrete with measured progress. Dr. Steel recommends such techniques or “pre-commitments”, adding that leaving you a month before the “deadline” makes it more likely a task will be completed. The benefit is that you’ll avoid the embarrassment of not following up on something people are expecting you to do — telling everyone you are going to take up jogging makes you more likely to do so. Overcoming procrastination finally comes down to planning which, if you’re not careful becomes procrastination in itself. But it is worth making sure you have everything in place. “Successful people don’t pretend they don’t procrastinate,” Dr.Steel says. “People who pretend they have willpower are less successful.” Instead, plan for procrastination: make your work environment a temple of productivity by cutting out what stops you paying your attention, so you can really focus on moving forward. 42. What does the author say about procrastination in Paragraph 1? A. It is caused by the technology in people’s life. B. It is more common when people have small jobs to do. C It is something many people can’t avoid. D. It is an excuse people often use in public. 43. In paragraph 3, Dr. Steel believes that people who procrastinate should . A. be aware that their problem is relatively small B. find out more about the way they make decisions C. attempt to overcome their natural tendencies D. take the advice of others in the same situation 44. Why does Dr. Steel recommend making “pre-commitments” in Paragraph 4? A. They are an effective way of impressing others. B. They allow people to achieve their aims sooner. C. They are an alternative to impossible goals. D. They make challenges feel more manageable. 45. The underlined sentence in the fifth paragraph intends to . A. Warn the reader against spending too long getting organized. B. Remind the reader to take the time to focus properly on a task C. Encourage the reader to develop plans effectively. D. Advise the reader to deal with complex tasks quickly. 第二节 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Your Musical Preference Gives Insights into How You Think A study out of Cambridge found that your musical preferences can give insights into how you think. The study focused on a particular theory of personality known as the Empathizing-Systemizing (E-S) Theory. 46 An empathizer likes to focus on and respond to the emotions of others, while a systemizer likes to analyze rules and patterns in the world. Cognitive style may seem like an unusual way to group people, but the researchers found that it worked well. “Although people’s music choices change over time, we’ve discovered a person’s empathy level and thinking style predict what kind of music they like,” said PhD student David Greenberg, the leader of the study, in a statement. 47 To study a somewhat unusual subject, they took a somewhat unique route: They gathered data through Facebook. Over 4,000 people participated through the myPersonality app by first taking a personality assessment. Later, they listened to and rated 50 musical pieces. For those who scored high on empathy, they tended to prefer soft rack, R&B, country, and folk. 48 Further, they tended to enjoy music that had low energy, negative emotions, or emotional depth. From these characteristics, the researchers identified several songs that would be ideal for empathizers: “Hallelujah” by Jeff Buckley, “Come away with me” by Norah Jones, and “All of me” by Billie Holiday. 49 They favored intense music and disliked the soft and simple styles. Their music tended towards high energy, or positive emotions, and also featured a high degree of depth and complexity. From this, the researchers believed that “Concerto in C” by Antonio Vivaldi, “Etude Opus 65 No.3” by Alexander Scriabin, and “Enter Sandman” by Metallica would be ideal songs for systemizers. 50 “A lot of money is put into algorithms (运算法则) to choose what music you may want to listen to, for example, on Spotiry and Apple Music,” said Greenberg. “By knowing an individual's thinking style, such services might in future be able to fine tune their music recommendations to an individual.” A. But they disliked more intense music like punk and heavy metal. B. These findings could prove useful, especially for the music industry. C. Meanwhile, those who scored high on systemizing were exactly opposite. D. Based on the findings, researchers recommend particular styles for different people. E. It divides people into groups according to whether they tend to empathize or systemize. F. He argued that musical preferences reflect clear characteristics such as age and personality. G. He argued people’s cognitive style can be a better predictor of what music they like than their personality. 第 II 卷 四、根据语境拼写单词 (本大题共11 小题，共11分) 51. During the holiday season, our home always has a warm and festive _________. 52. My work s__________ is filled with meetings, leaving no time for a quick coffee break. 53. Parents often struggle to balance their __________ (权威) with their children’s growing independence. 54. Regular exercise is a __________ (必需品) for maintaining good health. 55. Time management is a key ___________ (策略) for academic success. 56. The school emphasizes strict ___________ (纪律) to ensure students focus on their studies. 57. Electric cars have the ___________ (潜力) to reduce carbon emissions significantly. 58. The region’s economy relies heavily on ___________ (农业的) production,especially rice and wheat. 59. The school organized a science ___________ (展览) where students demonstrated their inventions. 60. Please confirm the delivery ___________ (目的地) before submitting your order. 61. He’s the most ___________ (可靠的) friend I’ve ever had, because I can always depend on him. 五、选词填空：请根据语境选择词语，并用其恰当形式填空，每个词仅使用一次 (本大题共8小题，共16分) stretch, divide, novel, release, review, sink, contribute to, desert, contain, relate to 62. The doctor decided ___________ the patient after confirming his full recovery. 63. The police worked hard to ___________ the spread of misinformation during the crisis. 64. Cultural ___________ sometimes causes misunderstandings between international colleagues. 65. As a doctor, she often ___________ her patients’ fears and tries to comfort them. 66. The athlete warmed up by ___________ his muscles, ensuring flexibility before the race. 67. The sailor survived for two months on a ___________ island by fishing and collecting rainwater, completely cut off from the outside world. 68. The new restaurant has received mixed ___________ with some customers praising the food while others complain about the slow service. 69. The teacher encouraged students to come up with ___________ solutions rather than relying on old methods. 六、语法填空：阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。(本大题共10 小题，共15分) A In recent years, people living in Beijing have been enjoying clean air and blue sky. But before this miracle happened, Beijing 70 (suffer) under thick smog. Realizing the severe problem, governments began to fight fiercely against air pollution. Since then, coal plants have been phased out millions of trees have been planted, strict emission rules 71 (observe) and citizens have learned 72 (recycle) and choose green transport. B When 73 (ask) what she wanted from life, Gretchen Rubin realized it was happiness. Noting “The days are long, but the years are short,” she 74 (launch) a year-long project to discover 75 could increase her happiness. This involved testing theories and adopting specific habits across different life areas, documented month by month in her resulting bestseller The Happiness Project. The book blends humor, insight, and practical examples from her experiments. Rubin concluded that consistent, small daily changes 76 (significant) deepened her happiness. C Airchat will likely introduce more standout features in the future, yet several commentators argue the platform must first strengthen its content moderation approach. Currently, the system relies heavily on users: they’re expected to monitor posts themselves and delete rule-breaking content 77 (use) built-in tools. Airchat staff only deal with severe cases, banning offenders. While this method works at smaller scales, it presents challenges for larger communities. As user numbers grow, it may not be sufficient to keep a large user base 78 control. Consequently, improving moderation infrastructure appears essential before rolling out new functionalities 79 could further expand its audience. 七、补全句子：请根据括号中所给中文提示填空，注意使用恰当形式 (本大题共4小题，共16分) 80. 制定一个预算并坚持执行它，有助于你在日常生活中减少开支。 can help you in your daily life. 81. 虽然数字设备点亮了我们的生活，但为了我们的整体健康幸福，最好还是适度使用它们。 While , it is best for our overall well-being. 82. 通过这次活动，你将了解到一些曾为社会做出卓越贡献的令人钦佩的人物，尤其是他们如何用勇气和智慧克服巨大挑战。 From this event, you’ll learn about some , especially how . 83. 在短途出行时使用共享自行车是一种既经济又便捷的方式，能让人过上低碳生活并在城市中享受运动带来的益处。 is a cheap and easy way . 八、书面表达(共两节，27分) 第一节 (共3小题；第84、85题各2分，第86题3分，共7 分) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 The Power of Determination Your quest for success and happiness begins with right intentions. It culminates (达到顶点) when you reach your chosen goals. What sustains your effort in between is your determination. What carries you towards your goals is your determination. It means the firmness of purpose or intention. If there is one gift that you can give to yourself in your life to be what you want to be, it is the power of determination. Without it you are a mere passive spectator in the drama of your life. If there is one quality that makes a difference between a winner and a loser or a leader and a follower, it is the power of determination. Without it, you may dream wild dreams, but you will not accomplish much in life. If you have determination, nothing can stop you and deter you from following your course of action to achieve your goals or realize your dreams. Obstacles may arise and obstruct your progress. They may delay your success, disturb you temporarily, and may even mislead you, but they cannot withstand the power of determination. It is the power that you generate within yourself to remain committed to your path and beliefs, and march towards your cherished goals. Before you take up any project or goal, you should know whether you have the determination to stick to your plans and reach your goals. Your determination has to arise from within and obtain its reinforcement from your thinking and beliefs rather than circumstances. Only then will you be able to sustain your effort, even when the going gets tough. Determination is your inner strength. Like the hardwood inside a tree, it gives you the power to stand tall and face the strong winds. With determination, you can remove the mountains of fear and doubts in you. You can find your way through the most difficult situations. Determination does not mean you will be insensitive to the reality of the situation. A determined person is also an adaptable and flexible person. He is not interested in being tough for toughness sake, but to overcome obstacles and reach his goals. Hence, he remains open-minded about possibilities and opportunities, but firm in his commitment and convictions. Self-control and determination go together. If you have them, you become unstoppable. 84. According to the passage, what is determination? 85. What will happen if one does not have determination? 86. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. With determination, you can remove the mountains of fear and doubts in you, and you will not make changes. 第二节 (20分) 你的英国朋友 Jim最近开始学习中文，感觉有些难，来信希望你能给他一些建议。请你给他回信，内容包括： 1. 表示理解；2. 你的建议； Dear Jim, Yours, Li Hua 北京师大附中2024-2025学年(下)高一期末考试英语试卷第 1 页 （共 15 页） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 参 考 答 案 一、听力 略 二、完型填空 21-25 CADCB 26-30 CBDBA 文章主要讲述了17岁的啦啦队员Tyra Winters在得克萨斯州罗克沃尔的返校节游行中，正乘坐花车向人群挥手时，突然听到一阵尖叫。她发现一名两岁男孩因糖果卡住喉咙窒息，其母亲惊慌呼救。Winters曾学习过海姆利克急救法，立即跳下花车冲向男孩，通过背部拍打成功帮助男孩咳出糖果，随后迅速返回花车。男孩母亲因事发突然未来得及道谢，对Winters的英勇行为感动得无以言表。 21. 根据上下文riding atop one of the school’s floats和enthusiastically... at the crowd，啦啦队员在花车上对人群的动作应是“挥手”，符合游行场景中的互动。stare（凝视）、shout（大喊）、laugh（笑）均不符合语境。 22. 下文提到男孩窒息、母亲恐慌呼救，因此horrible的声音应是scream(尖叫)。music（音乐）与前文absorbed in the music矛盾；ring（铃声）、whisper（低语）与horrible和紧急场景不符。 23. 男孩窒息时，母亲的反应是“恳求帮助”。prepare for（准备）、wait for（等待）、apply for（申请）均不符合panic（恐慌）的状态，只有beg for（恳求）符合紧急呼救的情境。 24. 糖果卡住喉咙的动作应为滑入喉咙后部。slide（滑动）符合糖果因吮吸意外进入气管的过程；jump（跳）、run（跑）不符合物理逻辑；fall（落下）侧重垂直掉落，不如slide准确。 25. 母亲描述男孩窒息状态no coughing（无法咳嗽），and连接并列结构，因此下一个症状应为无法呼吸。speaking（说话）、crying（哭）、laughing（笑）均非窒息的核心症状，breathing（呼吸）是关键。 26. 急救场景中every second counted/counts意为每一秒都至关重要，是固定搭配，count这里表示很重要，和matter意思相同，都是不及物动词。continue（继续）、fade（消退）、approach（接近）均不符合时间紧迫的语境。 27. Winters冲向男孩后，需抓住他进行急救。grab（抓住）体现紧迫性；move（移动）、separate（分离）、draw（拉）均不如grab准确描述急救时的快速动作。 28. 前文明确提到男孩eating a piece of candy，因此咳出的应是糖果。blood（血）、nut（坚果）、biscuit（饼干）均与原文不符。 29. 母亲never had time to thank说明事件发生很快。quietly（安静地）、obviously（明显地）、gradually（逐渐地）均不符合来不及道谢的逻辑，quickly（快速地）正确。 30. 母亲说I don’t really have any words，表明她因感动而说不出话。speechless（无言的）符合语境；doubtless（无疑的）、fearless（无畏的）、breathless（喘不过气的）均不符合无法用言语表达感谢的含义。 三、阅读理解 第一节 31-33 DCB A篇介绍了悬浮滑板（hoverboard）的定义、工作原理、流行原因及使用合法性，旨在推荐其作为儿童礼物。悬浮滑板是一种两轮电动个人交通工具，通过电池、陀螺仪、电机和逻辑板协同工作实现自平衡；尽管在公共场所受法律限制，但在私人区域（如庭院）可自由使用，因潮流性成为儿童礼物的热门选择。 31. 依据Logic board部分functions as the hoverboard brain. It processes data your speed, tilt, etc.— and sends information to the motors. 充当悬浮滑板的大脑。它处理你的速度、倾斜度等数据，并向电机发送信息。选项D. 接收数据并发出指令符合processes data... sends information to the motors处理数据并向电机发送信息，即接收数据并下达指令。 32. 依据Where is a hoverboard legal?部分Currently... hoverboards are banned in academic institutions and public places, like campus buildings, parks, shopping malls... Some places... restricted their use to bike paths. 目前……悬浮滑板在学术机构和公共场所被禁止，如校园建筑、公园、购物中心……部分地区将其使用限制在自行车道。C. 自行车道符合restricted their use to bike paths限制在自行车道使用，即允许在自行车道使用。 33. 依据第一段If you’re looking to buy a gift for your children, why not keep up with the trend and get the best hoverboard? 如果你想给孩子买礼物，为什么不跟上潮流，买最好的悬浮滑板呢? B. 推荐礼物选择符合首段直接建议将悬浮滑板作为儿童礼物，后文围绕其功能和使用场景展开，目的是推荐。 34-37 CDBD B篇讲述作者首次在开阔水域（温德米尔湖）参加一英里游泳比赛，尽管赛前被告知水温低且湖面粗糙，但仍与万名参赛者共同挑战。比赛中，她遭遇了比预期更艰难的水域环境和腿部疼痛，最终单腿坚持完成比赛，虽未关注成绩，但收获了成就感，并已报名参加下一次比赛。 34. 解题关键在于理解作者和一万多人要去完成挑战这个信息。文章里说 “=But I，along with 10,000 others，was about to complete the challenge regardless of the difficulties，这表明作者是有决心要完成挑战的，就和周围一起参赛的人一样有冲劲，所以是决心和周围人一样强硬。选项C. 决心和周围人一样坚韧符合regardless of the difficulties体现的决心，且和其他一万人一样暗示与他人共同面对挑战的态度。 35. 依据第二段There seemed to be a mix of open-water enthusiasts alongside complete beginners... The oldest woman competing was 77... alongside a man who last year had swum in every one-mile race. 参赛者中既有开阔水域爱好者，也有完全的初学者……年龄最大的女性参赛者77岁……还有一位去年参加了每一场一英里比赛的男性。选项D. 展示参赛者的广泛范围符合文章，通过爱好者与初学者、77岁老人与常客的对比，说明参赛者年龄、经验差异大，范围广泛。 36. 依据第四段We’d been warned that the first 100 meters would be really rough. However... I was still waiting for the calm; it felt more like swimming in the sea than a lake. 我们被警告前100米会很汹涌。然而……我仍在等待平静，感觉更像是在海里而不是湖里游泳。选项B. 比赛比她预期的更艰难符合被警告前100米粗糙，但750米处仍未平静，感觉像在海里，说明实际难度超出预期。 37. 依据最后一段I’m attracted and want to give it another go. I’ve already signed up for my next open-water swim. 我被吸引了，想再试一次。我已经报名参加下一次开阔水域游泳了。选项D. 渴望重复这次经历符合文章，want to give it another go、signed up for my next直接表明想再次参加的急切心情。 38-41 DACD C篇讲述了MIT心理学家Joshua Hartshorne及其团队研究发现，语言规则和结构学习的关键期可持续至17或18岁左右，而非此前认为的5岁。通过对669,498名英语母语者和非母语者的数据分析，他们发现10-12岁开始在英语国家学习英语的人，最终流利度接近双语母语者，但仍略低于单语母语者；17岁后语法学习能力下降，导致流利度降低。其他学者认为该研究具有启发性，但指出语法各要素可能有不同学习速率，且双语者因语言间的相互作用可能略微影响语法习得效率。 38. 依据第二段After ages 10 to 12, new-to-English learners reached lower levels of fluency than those who started learning English at younger ages because time ran out when their grammar-absorbing ability fell starting around age 17. 10-12岁后，英语初学者的流利度低于年幼开始学习者，因为大约17岁时他们的语法吸收能力开始下降，导致学习时间不足。选项D. 17岁左右语法掌握能力下降符合grammar-absorbing ability fell starting around age 17（17岁左右语法吸收能力开始下降）。 39. 依据第三段Hartshorne began by contacting friends on Facebook to take an online English grammar quiz... （Hartshorne首先通过Facebook联系朋友参加在线英语语法测试……），选项A. 社交媒体符合Facebook（社交媒体平台）是数据收集的起点。 40. 依据第五段Different elements of grammar... might be learned at different rates, Barner says.（Barner说，语法的不同要素可能以不同速率习得。）选项C. 不同语法要素可能以不同速度习得与Different elements... might be learned at different rates完全一致。 41. 依据第七段people who were bilinguals from birth fell short of peak English grammar scores achieved by English-only speakers... Interactions between tongues... may slightly depress how much can be learned about both languages. 母语为双语者的英语语法最高分低于单语母语者……语言间的相互作用可能略微降低两种语言的学习效果。选项D. 说两种语言影响他们的语言习得符合Interactions between tongues... may slightly depress how much can be learned（语言间的相互作用可能略微降低学习效果）。 42-45 CCDA D篇文章探讨了拖延（procrastination）的成因及应对策略。作者指出拖延是人类与生俱来的倾向，尤其在面对枯燥或困难任务时，人们倾向于推迟行动。心理学家Dr. Steel提出，拖延者需通过设定具体目标、提前承诺（pre-commitments）和优化工作环境来克服拖延，同时强调计划本身需避免过度准备导致新的拖延。 42. 依据第一段Procrastinating... is in our character we have naturally since birth; we avoid dull or difficult jobs until it’s too late to do anything else. 拖延症是我们天生的性格特征；我们会回避枯燥或困难的任务，直到为时已晚。选项C. 是许多人无法避免的事符合naturally since birth（天生的），即难以避免。 43. 依据第三段We are not set up to appreciate long-term rewards...We bounce between long-term goals and short-term temptations, so we need goals that will translate our plans for the limbic system. 我们不懂得欣赏长期回报……我们在长期目标和短期诱惑之间摇摆，因此需要将计划转化为边缘系统能理解的目标。选项C. 尝试克服自然倾向符合need goals that will translate our plans（需要转化计划以适应边缘系统），即主动应对天生的短期倾向。 44. 依据第四段These are thus turned from seemingly endless tasks into something concrete with measured progress... telling everyone you are going to take up jogging makes you more likely to do so. 这样可以将看似无尽的任务转化为具体且有可衡量进展的事情……告诉所有人你要开始慢跑，会让你更有可能坚持。选项D. 让挑战感觉更易管理符合concrete with measured progress（具体且有进展），即通过分解任务使挑战更易处理。 45. 画线句Overcoming procrastination finally comes down to planning which, if you’re not careful becomes procrastination in itself. But it is worth making sure you have everything in place.克服拖延症最终归结为规划，但如果不小心，规划本身也会变成拖延。但确保一切准备就绪是值得的。选项A. 警告读者不要花太长时间做准备符合规划本身也会变成拖延，即过度规划会导致新的拖延，需避免。 第二节 46-50 EGACB 文章讲述了剑桥大学的一项研究表明，音乐偏好可反映人的思维方式，基于“共情—系统化（E-S）理论”，将人分为共情者（关注他人情感）和系统化思考者（分析规则模式）。研究通过Facebook收集4000余人的数据，发现共情者偏爱柔和、低能量、情感深沉的音乐（如民谣、R&B），而系统化思考者则喜欢强烈、高能量、复杂的音乐（如古典协奏曲、重金属）。这些发现未来或有助于音乐平台优化推荐算法。 46. 第一段The study focused on a particular theory... E-S Theory... An empathizer likes to... while a systemizer likes to...（研究聚焦于E-S理论，共情者关注他人情感，系统化思考者分析规则模式）。空格处要解释E-S理论的核心—如何对人分类。选项E.它根据人们倾向于共情还是系统化将人分组（It divides people... whether they tend to empathize or systemize）直接衔接下文对两种类型的定义，符合逻辑。 47. 第二段we’ve discovered a person’s empathy level and thinking style predict what kind of music they like（共情水平和思维方式可预测音乐偏好）。空白处需承接Greenberg的观点，进一步说明思维方式与音乐偏好的关系。选项G. 他认为人的认知风格比性格更能预测其音乐喜好（cognitive style can be a better predictor... than their personality）呼应前文thinking style predict... music they like，且he argued与上句said PhD student David Greenberg衔接。 48. 第四段For those who scored high on empathy... prefer soft rock, R&B... Further, they tended to enjoy music that had low energy... negative emotions...（共情者偏爱柔和音乐，喜欢低能量、负面情绪的音乐）。空白处需补充共情者不喜欢的音乐类型，形成对比。选项A. 但他们不喜欢朋克和重金属等更强烈的音乐（disliked more intense music like punk and heavy metal）与前文prefer soft... low energy构成转折，符合语境。 49. 第五段They favored intense music and disliked the soft and simple styles（他们喜欢强烈音乐，不喜欢柔和简单的风格）。空白处需引出系统化思考者的音乐偏好，与第四段共情者形成对比。选项C. 同时，系统化得分高的人则完全相反（those who scored high on systemizing were exactly opposite）承上启下，opposite对应下文favored intense music与共情者prefer soft的对比。 50. 第六段By knowing an individual's thinking style... services might... fine tune their music recommendations（了解思维方式有助于音乐平台优化推荐）。空白处需总结研究发现的应用价值。选项B. 这些发现可能很有用，尤其是对音乐行业（These findings could prove useful, especially for the music industry）引出下文音乐平台算法优化的例子，符合段落主旨。 四、根据语境拼写单词 51. atmosphere 52. schedule 53. authority 54. necessity 55. strategy 56. discipline 57. potential 58.agricultural 59. exhibition 60. destination 61. reliable 五、选词填空 62. to release 63. contain 64. divide 65. relates to 66. stretching 67. deserted 68. reviews 69. novel 六、语法填空 70. had suffered 71. have been observed 72. to recycle 73. asked 74. launched 75. what 76. significantly 77. using 78. under 79. that/which 七、补全句子 80. Making a budget and sticking to it; reduce expenses 81. digital devices light up our lives; to use them moderately 82. admirable people who have made outstanding contributions to society; they overcame great challenges with courage and wisdom 83. Using shared bikes for short trips; to live a low-carbon life and enjoy the benefits of exercise in the city 八、书面表达 第一节 文章强调决心是获得成功和幸福的必要条件。它是一种内在的力量，让你不顾障碍，坚持实现目标。没有它，人们就会保持被动，不采取行动。决心使个人能够克服恐惧和疑虑，保持适应能力，即使遇到挑战也能坚持下去。自我控制和灵活性是有效运用决心的关键。 84. It means the firmness of purpose or intention. 依据第一段What carries you towards your goals is your determination. It means the firmness of purpose or intention. 85. If one lacks determination, he or she will become a passive spectator in their life, unable to accomplish much. He or she may dream of success but will not take action to achieve their goals. 依据第二段Without it you are a mere passive spectator in the drama of your life.和Without it, you may dream wild dreams, but you will not accomplish much in life. 86. Underlined false part: you will not make changes A determined person is adaptable, flexible, and open-minded about possibilities, so they can make changes. 依据最后一段With determination, you can remove the mountains of fear and doubts in you有了决心，你就能消除心中堆积如山的恐惧和疑虑、A determined person is also an adaptable and flexible person一个有决心的人也是一个适应性强、灵活的人和Hence, he remains open-minded about possibilities and opportunities...因此，他对各种可能性和机会保持开放的心态…… 第二节 范文一 Dear Jim, I’m glad to hear you’re learning Chinese, but I understand it might be challenging at first. Don’t worry, because you’re not alone! Here are some tips that might help. First, try to talk with your Chinese teacher often. They can explain grammar and vocabulary clearly and share useful study methods. Second, listen carefully in class and take notes. This will make it easier to review later. Third, do your homework as soon as possible after class. Practicing what you’ve learned helps keep it fresh in your mind. If you need more practice, we can chat in Chinese during our free time. I’m sure it’ll get easier with effort. Looking forward to your progress! Yours, Li Hua 范文二 Dear Jim, It’s great that you’re learning Chinese! I know learning Chinese can be difficult, especially when you’re just starting. Let me share a few ideas. To begin with, take part in Chinese classes actively. Ask questions if you don’t understand something, and teachers love helping students like you. Next, use some applications, you will feel they are fun and great for practicing daily. Finally, watch Chinese TV shows or movies with Chinese subtitles. This helps you learn new words in real contexts. Don’t give up! If you need help, just let me know. I’ll support you all the way. Yours, Li Hua 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$