2026届高三英语一轮复习专项完形语篇逻辑破译：完形句间的上下呼应第一课时 讲义

邳州市第四中学2026届高三英语一轮复习专项 完形语篇逻辑破译：完型句间的上下呼应 第一课时 完形填空又称综合填空，其命题原理是格式塔心理学。格式塔心理学强调整体感知和对文章从语义上的整体把握。一篇完形填空测试的重点和考查初衷与短文的空格设计密切相关。如果空格要求学生填入连词、介词、冠词等，则空格为功能性空格；如果要求填入名词、形容词、动词等实义词，则空格为语义空格。从近几年的高考试题看，完形填空以语义空格为主，语法部分的内容已经弱化为对词法的考查。完形填空的空格分为四种类型：词内项、词间项、句内项、句间项，难度是逐渐上升的。在十五道题中，平均的数量比例是2：3：5：5。 相同词性定答案 动词：先后顺序（因果、先后可能） 名词：同源（近义词、反义词、同词根词语） 形副：褒贬     近年高考完形填空题的命题趋势和新题动向 1、 阅读量逐年提高，阅读时间减少。《高考考纲》要求完形填空题篇幅为一段约200-250单词的文章，不过自1998年起高考完形填空在词数上(1998年294词)都超过260个单词；2002年高考完形填空题词数为274词，答题时间由原来的18分钟减少为15分钟，这在阅读难度及速度上都对考生提出了更高的要求。 对于原句不需要仔细分析每个词，而是要关注所在空的相同词性。 2、 生词量有增无减。2000年以前的高考完形填空题中除人名、地名和部分注释词外，基本上没有生词；但从2001年开始出现大量不含汉语注释的生词，如在2001年高考完形中出现的生词：link, Mount Everest, Abominable Snowman, occasion, adventure, footprint, prehistory, track等词; 在2002年高考完形中的生词更是令考生料想不到的，不到300词的文章中竟多达10个生词，如：intelligence, auto-repair, counter, hammer(用锤子敲打)，goddamned, uneasy, try...on sb.(愚弄，戏耍某人)，creature等词或词组。2019年高考全国卷卷I中更是在选项中出现skeptical, permit, permanent, artificial, acquire等生词对学生进行干扰。这些生词的出现影响了阅读的速度，使学生出现理解偏差或理解困难，从而降低了答题正确率。 完型选项不得有生词。 3、 长句增多，句式灵活，结构复杂。近几年高考完形材料在句子上突出了对行文逻辑及理解能力方面的考查，在选材上主要表现为长句、复合句增多、句子结构复杂（定语从句、状语从句、插入语等）、句式丰富多样（陈述句、祈使句、省略句、疑问句、感叹句等），极大地增加了阅读难度，限制了学生的理解程度。如：The native people said they 38 this creature and called it the “Yeti”,and they said that they had 39 caught Yetis on two occasions 40 none has ever been produced as evidence. (NMET2001) I had an auto-repair man once, who, on these intelligence tests, could not 38 have scored more than 80. (NMET2002) 这就要求考生要善于剖析句子结构，捕捉隐含信息，否则难以正确理解文章内容，进而影响答题正确率。长难句简化四字真言（劫匪插葱：介词短语；非谓语；插入语；从句） 4、 题目设置上单纯语法考查减少，上下文联系考查力度加大，并且以同义词、相似词为典型的迷惑选项增多。（相同词性定答案）近几年《考纲》明确要求加强对考生应用能力的考查，在应用中测试考生运用英语基础知识的能力，这一点在近几年高考完形填空中得到了淋漓尽致的体现。具体体现在文章在题目设置上相似项增多，迷惑选项较强，考生必须通过寻找上下文隐含信息，感受语境，采用直接和排除等技巧才能找出符合题意的最佳选项。 5、 完形填空的第一句都是完整的句子，并且每篇文章都有一个主题。如果学生能在考试中把握到高考完形填空的这一特点，就能够对文章有初步的了解，树立全局意识，并且对于梳理上下文脉络，抓住文章的主旨也大有裨益。 首句完整定主题 解题思路 良好的完形填空成绩主要表现在良好的阅读习惯和良好的语法功底，有人说，“得阅读者得天下”。完形填空也不例外。培养自己良好的阅读习惯应做到： 1、 要以意群，语义为单位读，不要逐词逐句地认；---相同词性 2、 要借助视觉扫读，不要手指唇动或无声心读； 3、 要从头至尾，一气呵成，不要频繁回读； 4、 要直接理解原文，不要逐词逐句地心译（过度联想）； 5、 要利用上下文和构词法猜测生词，推测出句意，不要频繁查阅词典； 6、 逐步扩大视距，要纵式快速阅读，不要横式赏析细读。做题之后注意总结和彻底查清单词的辨义，同时辅以必要的语法书作查缺补漏之用。完形填空题型只要经过科学的训练，相信同学们会得到长足的进步。 知道句子大意，不要恋战 关注相同词性，寻求逻辑（选项词--逻辑联系【实战模拟】 （2024·重庆九龙坡·二模） When my son Reace celebrated his sixth birthday two years ago, he made a wish that I would get a transplant. Less than a week later, his wish came true when I received new 1 . Born with a breathing disease, I was able to manage my 2 without a hospital visit until I was 23. At 30, 3 , it steadily worsened and I was 4 for a transplant. I started having check-ups once a year, then every six months, then every three months until I was 5 living at the hospital and reliant on oxygen to survive. Everyday 6 like having a shower or brushing my hair became 7 . After four months on the list, I 8 the call to say a pair of lungs was available. The transplant was successful and the 9 was noticeable. Before my transplant I had been so 10 , I couldn’t even walk from the couch to the front door without 11 my breath—and it was only six paces. 12 , I was so used to being breathless that I didn’t know any difference. I had 13 what it would be like to be a 14 person and now I know. I can do everything an ordinary mum would do: housework, workout, or taking Reace to basketball. I am extremely grateful to my 15 and his family. 1．A．medicines B．gifts C．lungs D．hearts 2．A．condition B．weight C．stress D．emotion 3．A．therefore B．however C．otherwise D．besides 4．A．scheduled B．hospitalized C．listed D．selected 5．A．barely B．previously C．temporarily D．basically 6．A．tasks B．challenges C．decisions D．concerns 7．A．necessary B．fundamental C．impossible D．contradictory 8．A．missed B．received C．returned D．rejected 9．A．symptom B．damage C．trouble D．difference 10．A．sick B．nervous C．sensitive D．Innocent 看到否定词一定注意奇偶个数 11．A．catching B．holding C．losing D．recovering 12．A．Fortunately B．Actually（解释；转折） C．Possibly D．Eventually（事情进展；相同比对） 13．A．understood B．experienced C．recalled D．wondered 14．A．normal B．distinguished C．disabled D．responsible 15．A．doctor B．nurse C．child D．Donor 课堂练习（2024·重庆·一模） To adapt is to move ahead That was the afternoon when I knew I would never swim. I remembered how my weak neck 16 and my head slipped under the water, flooding my ears and nose. My 17 didn’t feel like it was mine. I lost control. Spinal muscular atrophy（脊髓性肌萎缩症）, a genetic disease, causes severe 18 in my limbs. I’ve never been able to stand or walk since I was born, but in the water, I was 19 and could move freely. Swimming had once 20 a lot to me, but after spinal surgery to try to fight the illness, it became 21 difficult. Visiting the hydrotherapy（水疗）pool was a desperate 22 to return to the water. When the moment arrived, it was 23 . My tears weren’t just because of the loss-they were a（n） 24 , too. I made the decision: I was never going back in the water again. Like other people with disabilities, I often feel societal pressure to 25 myself. 26 that swimming was unsafe and uncomfortable was a tough lesson about accepting the limitations of my body. I had to find other ways to connect with the water and my loss. Swimming is now 27 , but I still take 28 from seeing my family and friends in the water. Swimming was the first big physical 29 in my life, and I know there will be others. Everyday tasks, such as cleaning my teeth or feeding myself, may become too difficult as the years pass. I’ve learned it’s OK to 30 what my body could do before and find ways to adapt and enjoy what I can do now. 16．A．gave way B．took place C．gained ground D．kept control 17．A．appearance B．voice C．body D．soul 18．A．pain B．shortage C．depression D．weakness 这就是逻辑，提示就是逻辑 19．A．aimless B．weightless C．restless D．helpless 20．A．said B．meant C．offered D．left 21．A．increasingly B．barely C．slightly D．fortunately 22．A．appeal B．dream C．request D．attempt 23．A．boring B．encouraging C．stressful D．pleasant 无信靠主题 24．A．acceptance B．embarrassment C．comfort D．regret 25．A．forgive B．entertain C．push D．defend 26．A．Denying B．Recognizing C．Ignoring D．Forgetting 27．A．significant B．fantastic C．available D．impossible 28．A．effect B．joy C．inspiration D．damage 29．A．disability B．activity C．loss D．advantage 30．A．change B．miss C．practise D．admit 练习二（2024·云南·模拟预测） Pingtan, the biggest island off the coast of Fujian Province, is popular with tourists these days. It has also attracted many 31 seeking a pleasant place to settle down. Among them is Italian fashion 32 Filippo Strada, who has lived on the island for four years. Born in Milan, Strada has a well-developed 33 of fashion design. It is this love of fine clothing that led him to a career in the industry. Over the past decade, he has 34 his career in China, living in various cities. 35 , due to his growing business and 36 travels, Strada spent a lot of time away from home. After his daughter was born, he made up his mind to go back to his wife’s hometown of Pingtan in 2018. Strada 37 Pingtan with his family, determined to build a happy home on the island. But he also had a dream of building a successful business there, making the most of the local 38 development. Strada had a winning idea. He would 39 his heritage to provide goods and services with an authentic Italian 40 . Starting from zero, Strada now 41 a high-end tailor shop, a cafe and an Italian restaurant in Pingtan, 42 exotic (异域风情的) experiences to both locals and tourists. As for the future, Strada plans to 43 Chinese and English salons (沙龙) in his Italian restaurant to 44 more knowledge of Western culture.“I’m very willing to do my part to make Pingtan a (n) 45 and diverse community that is popular around the world,” he said. 31．A．foreigners B．businessmen C．travelers D．engineers 32．A．model B．stylist C．critic D．graduate 33．A．application B．system C．appreciation D．relationship 34．A．boosted B．improved C．achieved D．pursued 35．A．However B．Therefore C．Otherwise D．Besides 连词：动词+形容 36．A．urgent B．frequent C．recreational D．exhausting 37．A．contributed to B．adapted to C．settled in D．believed in 38．A．political B．major C．potential D．economic 39．A．make use of B．get rid of C．keep track of D．take care of 40．A．environment B．flavor C．fashion D．record 41．A．reopens B．monitors C．possesses D．decorates 42．A．awarding B．announcing C．offering（物件） D．showing(风格特点) 43．A．fund B．evaluate C．attend D．organize 44．A．spread B．acquire C．compare D．discuss 45．A．virtual B．dynamic C．intelligent D．Independent （2024·云南昆明·一模） “Who’s that, Grandma?” Four-year-old Taylor pointed to a delicate gold photo frame I had placed on my desk. “That's great-grandma Gladys, ” I replied. I 46 the picture, my fingers carefully tracing the outline of the familiar face returning my gaze(凝视): her clear blue eyes, the wrinkle lines that 47 her forehead and the tender smile that always comforted me. My mind was filled with remembrances of my mother. Always the 48 , it seemed she never made anyone angry. Even though she was 49 able physically, she baby-sat my young daughter so I could work. She always made 50 for her grandchildren. Even when she wasn't with them, she was making something for them with her hands. Then her illness 51 . The doctor wanted to experiment with a (an) 52 that might give her another year of life. She agreed so she could be around to 53 her long-awaited first great-grandchild. The surgery 54 . Several weeks later, Mom passed away, exactly a month before Taylor's birth. Still in great 55 , I traveled five hundred miles to be with my family and welcome my new grandson. A few days later, as I 56 Taylor gently to help him sleep, suddenly I understood why she was so 57 taking care of for our family. Her love for us was so deep and so 58 —a love I was only beginning to learn to give. “She looks like you, Grandma! ” Taylor's voice brought me back to the 59 . He touched the gold-framed photo tenderly. My eyes turned to his, and a 60 smile came to my lips and heart, for then I knew my mother's love and peace. It's a legacy (遗产)of love. 46. A. reached for B. asked for C. threw away D. put away 47. A. toughened B. smoothed C. crossed D. shaded 动宾关系 48. A. peacemaker B. daydreamer C. fortuneteller D. goalkeeper 49. A. slightly B. merely C. thoroughly D. barely 50. A. money B. time C. trouble D. room 51. A. remained B. disappeared C. relieved D. worsened 52. A. examination B. regulation C. operation D. reflection 53. A. investigate B. greet C. search D. recognize 54. A. paused B. continued C. failed D. worked 55. A. sorrow B. danger C. thrill D. debt 56. A. grabbed B. rocked C. fixed D. teased 57. A. astonished at B. worried about C. impressed with D. committed to（全力以赴） 58. A. unreal B. unbearable C. unreasonable D. unconditional 59. A. story B. present C. memory D. destination 60. A. soft B. proud C. bitter D. tight 第 1 页 共 6 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$