精品解析：2025届湖南省张家界市高三下学期综合模拟调研（一）英语试题

2025届张家界市高三综合模拟调研（一） 英语 注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号等填写在答题卡上。 2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Four Highly-related Books Anne of Green Gables. Anne of Green Gables by Canadian author Lucy Mau d Montgomery has been considered as a children’s novel since the mid-20th century. It states how Anne makes her way with the Cuthberts at school and within the town. The novel presents the conflicts between Ann’s more fantastical daily life and that of Marilla, who would rather operate as social convention dictates (规定). Since publication, the book has sold more than 50 million copies and has been translated into 20 languages. First published: 1908 Original language: English Pride and prejudice Pride and Prejudice is a romantic novel of manners by the British author Jane Austen. The story follows the main character, Elizabeth Bennet, as she deals with issues of manners, upbringing, norality, education and marriage in the society of the landed gentry (地主阶层) of England in the early 19th century. First published: 1813 Original language: English Treasure Island Treasure Island is an adventure novel by Scottish author Robert Louis, telling a tale of “pirates (海盗) and buried gold”. The influence of the book on popular perceptions of pirates is huge, including such elements as treasure maps marked with an “X”, sailing ships, tropical islands and one-legged seamen bearing parrots on their shoulders. First published: 1883 Original language: English Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland is a novel written by English author Charles Lutwidge Dodgson under the pen name Lewis Carroll. It tells of a girl named Alice falling through a rabbit hole into a fantasy world populated by unusual and vivid creatures. The tale plays with logic, giving the story lasting popularity with adults as well as with children. It is considered to be one of the best examples of the literary nonsense type. First published: 1865 Original language: English 1. What do the four books have in common? A. They are novels written by the authors from the same country. B. They were first published in the 19th century. C. They were originally written in English. D. They are works of children's literature. 2. What can we know about Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland? A. Its theme is manners, upbringing and marriage. B. Its main character is an English gentleman. C. It is suitable for both adults and children. D. It is based on a true and touching story. 3. Which book is involved with sailors who attack other ships and rob them of property? A. Treasure Island. B. Pride and prejudice. C. Anne of Green Gables. D. Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. B Hearing the speeding cars passing us, I had to focus on the sound of my uncle’s bicycle leading the way. At thirty, with my retinas (视网膜) dying from an eye disease, driving a car was impossible and I couldn’t give up the freedom of riding my bike. Uncle Fred pedalled steadily. I biked a few inches behind. He shouted directions at each intersection. Suddenly, his voice rose with urgency, “Carol, stop! A car is turning.” When we reached our destination, my shoulders ached from the ride. As I sat next to Uncle Fred, he cleared his throat and said, “Carol, did you think about getting a trained Seeing Eye dog? It can give you independence.” He knew I was afraid of dogs. Words stuck in my throat. But his voice cracked and planted the seed of an idea. My world shrunk as my blindness grew worse. Luckily, I had a good sense of direction, allowing me to visualize neighborhood routes. This skill could be an advantage when working with a dog. After calculating, I finally called the guide dog school. The admission application arrived, but I still wasn’t sure. One day, I phoned my friend Robert, a longtime guide dog user in my town. He shared his positive experiences. Somehow, his words convinced me to give it a try. During the training the dog trainer’s coaching and each successful walk with the dogs built my confidence. As my guide dog Misty and I bonded, my shoulders relaxed. When I returned home, Uncle Fred was the first to meet Misty. Misty sat at our feet waving her tail. She must have picked up on the positive energy that circled us like a hug. Misty drove away my anxiety as I slowly opened my heart to her. Just as Uncle Fred had predicted, overcoming my fear gave me the opportunity for more independence. My new confidence came from using a guide dog, allowing me to walk tall. Uncle Fred’s advice moved my sense of joy from my bike to my dog. 4. What drove the author to ride a bike? A. Getting prepared for driving a car. B. Treating her disease by taking exercise. C. Getting familiar with noisy background. D. Enjoying the freedom of moving around. 5. How did the author react to her uncle’s suggestion? A. She thought it worth a try. B. She drew up a practical plan. C. She was stuck in desperation. D. She refused it for fear of dogs. 6. Why did the author call Robert? A. To invite him to adopt a dog. B. To ask him about the application. C. To encourage him to be positive in life. D. To consult him about taking a guide dog. 7. What change did Misty bring to the author? A. She became confident about fighting the illness. B. She became more attached to her uncle for help. C. She gained her independence with Misty’s help. D. She formed her community of guide dog trainers. C Imagine you’re cooking potatoes for breakfast. First you’d remove the potatoes from their plastic bag. Then, you might chop them on a plastic cutting board. Next, you’d probably cook them in a nonstick pan. All the removing, chopping and overheating of nonstick pans can add 2.3 million microplastics to your food. Besides food, the air and water in your home is full of microplastics. Smaller than a grain of salt, we interact with them more than we might realize. Humans breathe in about 22,000,000 microplastics annually. As a result, microplastics have been detected in our blood and lungs. We’re only just beginning to understand the effect of microplastics on human health — but research suggests we should concern more. A groundbreaking new study shows how the presence of microplastics in arteries (动脉血管) is linked to a greater risk of heart attack and death. When microplastics build up in arteries, the thicker blood vessel (血管) walls reduce blood flow to parts of the body. This study will inspire more research into what other organs plastic may be damaging, such as the brain, or stomach. Microplastics may be inescapable, but with simple swaps and fixes, you can reduce the amount of microplastics you encounter in your own home. Carry your own reusable bags and avoid buying food that comes in much plastic packaging. When heating food, use stainless steel instead of nonstick pans. Another way to limit your exposure is to filter (过滤) your tap water to reduce plastic fibers in the tap water. Ultimately, plastic manufacturers and the companies that sell their products are responsible for the high volume of plastic waste in our environments, and significantly reducing that plastic — and the microplastics that come with it — will have to be at the policy level nationwide and worldwide. 8. What does the author try to convey by telling the cooking story? A. Microplastics directly lead to diseases. B. Nonstick pans are free of microplastics. C. We consumed microplastics unknowingly. D. Cooking is to blame for making microplastics. 9. How do microplastics affect our body according to the new study? A. By damaging our brain. B. By slowing blood flow. C. By thickening our lungs. D. By causing stomachache. 10. What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A. Tips for people to cut microplastics. B. Proof of microplastics in our homes. C. Presence of microplastics in packaging. D. Exposure to microplastics via tap water. 11. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. Plastic waste comes from microplastics on earth. B. The amount of plastic waste is significantly large. C. Relevant regulations are vital to contain plastic use. D. Plastic makers and buyers answer for plastic waste. D The word paradigm comes from the Greek. It was originally a scientific term, and is more commonly used today to mean a model or theory. In the more general sense, it’s the way we “see” the world — not in terms of our visual sense of sight, but in terms of perceiving, understanding, and interpreting. A simple way to understand paradigms is to see them as maps. We all know that “the map is not the territory.” A map is simply an explanation of certain aspects of the territory. That’s exactly what a paradigm is. It is a theory, an explanation, or model of something else. You can never arrive at a specific location in a new city with a wrong map. Each of us has many maps in our head, which can be divided into two main categories: maps of the way things are, or realities, and maps of the way things should be, or values. We interpret everything we experience through these mental maps. We seldom question their accuracy; we’re usually even unaware that we have them. We simply assume that the way we see things is the way they really are or the way they should be. And our attitudes and behaviors grow out of those assumptions. The way we see things is the source of the way we think and the way we act. We see the world, not as it is, but as we are or, as we are conditioned to see it. Clearheaded people see things differently, each looking through the unique lens of experience. But this does not mean that there are no facts. Instead, each person’s interpretation of these facts represents prior experiences. The more aware we are of our basic paradigms, maps, or assumptions, and the extent to which we have been influenced by our experience, the more we can take responsibility for those paradigms, examine them, test them against reality, listen to others and be open to their perceptions, thereby getting a larger picture and a far more objective view. 12. How does the author illustrate the concept of “paradigm”? A. By comparing it to an everyday object. B. By sorting it into different categories. C. By presenting personal examples. D. By highlighting a sharp contrast. 13. What can be concluded about the mental maps mentioned in paragraph 3? A. They fail to escape our attention. B. They may be lacking in accuracy. C. They prove wrong and unreliable. D. They have little influence on behavior. 14. Which of the following echoes the main idea of paragraph 4? A. Great minds think alike. B. All men have opinions, but few think. C. Where we stand depends on where we sit. D. The fewer the facts, the stronger the opinions. 15. What does the author advocate in the last paragraph? A. A better understanding of our paradigms. B. A stronger sense of responsibility for others. C. A more objective view of others’ perceptions. D. A more positive attitude toward life experience. 第二节（共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多 余选项。 Most people agree that college is the time when things change the most in their lives. Learning facts in school is important, but learning basic life skills is much more important for getting through these years and beyond. ___16___ Budgeting: Handling Money Like a Pro Why is budgeting crucial? Entertainment and takeaway can easily drain (耗尽) a budget, leaving nothing for groceries or textbooks. ___17___ You can use a spreadsheet or a program to streamline this process. Set aside money for food and entertainment to avoid overspending. Budgeting now might prepare you for financial independence after college. Maintaining Physical and Mental Health: Self-Care In college, what is self-care? Sleeping sufficiently, eating well, and exercising regularly are the basics. It may be difficult to prioritize these things while you’re busy, but doing so will boost your attitude and energy. ___18___ It’s not unusual to feel worried or stressed. Learning coping strategies will assist control anxiety. For students who might need it, several colleges also provide counseling services. Self-care is not selfish; rather, it is necessary for your optimum performance. Communication Skills: Creating Strong Relationships Why is talking to people so important? ___19___ Good conversation skills can help you work with others on group projects and they can also help you learn more in class when you talk to your teachers. College teaches you more than just how to graduate. ___20___ Today and tomorrow, knowing bow to take care of yourself, manage your time, budget, and handle your time will be important. Learn these skills early to reduce anxiety. They will also help you prepare for post-college life. A. It also prepares you for independence. B. Of equal importance is mental health. C. You need these skills to be a good adult. D. You may struggle with money management. E. Start budgeting by tracking income and expenses. F. Good conversation builds trust and leads to close relationships. G. Clearly say what you want to say when meeting teachers or possible employers. 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分） After a recent business trip, I was heading back to my home in Northern California. Since I live a four-hour ____21____ from the San Francisco airport, I had parked my car there for my trip back. To my frustration, I ____22____ that the battery was dead when I reached my car. Luckily, an airport parking attendant promptly showed up to ____23____ my car, and I was on my way. While driving north on Highway 280 towards San Francisco, I exited onto Highway 1 and ____24____ heavy traffic. Suddenly, my car didn’t work ____25____ — no flashers, lights, or starter — leaving me stuck in the middle lane. Feeling helpless and ____26____ of being hit, I called 911. A woman on duty took my information and ____27____ it to the San Francisco police. As I stood there awaiting ____28____, a nice gentleman, who had previously experienced a similar ____29____ himself offered to push my car to the shoulder. After thanking him, I proceeded to _____30_____ further help. Within ten minutes, a police car arrived to _____31_____ that everything was going smoothly. Shortly after, a tow truck took my car to a nearby _____32_____, where efficient repairs allowed me to _____33_____ my journey without much delay. On my drive home, I reflected with gratitude on the many acts of _____34_____ I had been granted that day and _____35_____ to extend that warmth to others. 21. A. walk B. ride C. drive D. flight 22. A. suspected B. discovered C. ignored D. imagined 23. A. jump-start B. test-drive C. safety- inspect D. spot-check 24 A. directed B. navigated C. surveyed D. encountered 25. A. slightly B. frequently C. occasionally D. entirely 26. A. critical B. scared C. ignorant D. ashamed 27. A. forwarded B. returned C. exposed D. whispered 28. A. recognition B. assistance C. negotiation D. evidence 29. A. rollover B. pileup C. blowout D. breakdown 30. A. wait for B. cut off C. turn down D. contribute to 31. A. assume B. confirm C. ensure D. promise 32. A. airport B. garage C. hotel D. station 33. A. shift B. improve C. resume D. adjust 34. A. concern B. sympathy C. kindness D. generosity 35. A. agreed B. hesitated C. begged D. resolved 第二节（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chinese scientists have started a scientific expedition to the Mount Qomolangma. ____36____ total of 170 scientists have begun to do research on water, ecology and human activity, aiming ____37____ (reveal) the mechanism of environmental change and optimize the ecological security barrier system on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. ____38____ (label) as the roof of the world and water tower of Asia, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is an essential ecological security barrier in China. It is also a natural laboratory for ____39____ (conduct) research on the evolution of Earth and life, and the relationship between man and Earth. ____40____ an important part of the research, the ongoing expedition is ____41____ (particular) important to the study of the impact of climatic and environmental changes in the Mount Qomolangma region on other parts of the world. The expedition focuses on major scientific ____42____ (issue), such as how the extreme high-altitude environment of the Mount Qomolangma changes under the influence of global warming, according to Yao Tandong, ____43____ is the team leader. “The expedition has realized the ____44____ (transform) from ‘I want to conquer you’ to ‘I want to understand you’, achieved the application of new technologies and resulted in important international influence,” he said. So far, many scientific achievements _____45_____ (make). 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46. 你们学校英语俱乐部打算进行以“My Favourite Book”为题的分享交流活动，请你根据以下要求写一篇发言稿，内容包括： 1. 介绍这本书； 2. 分享这本书的理由。 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3. 开头已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear fellow students, I feel honored to share with you my favourite book called ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第二节（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语，续写两段使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Tom adored does very much and he always fed the homeless dogs, enjoying the company of those lovely animals. It was a nice holiday. Tom’s parents sent him to his Aunt’s house, where there was a a little dog called KiKi. The dog had golden fur which felt very comfortable, like touching the soft cotton. Every time KiKi saw Tom, it would leap to its feet. wagging his tail and his eyes sparkling with excitement. However, KiKi was unhappy in the house He was not given his meals on time, nor was he taken for a walk. KiKi was always shouted at and abused all day. “Your aunt bought KiKi so that the dog could protect her house from thieves, but actually she doesn’t love him”, a neighbour of Tom’s aunt told him one day. Tom felt sad. At night he could hear KiKi make mournful sounds in the cold.“Why don’t you make a coat for your pet?”Tom paused and said, “He feels cold.” His aunt answered, “I have much better things to do. It’s just a dog!” One day Tom went out for a walk with KiKi, when a fierce storm started. Tom ran to take shelter in a sweet shop. It was only after a few minutes that he realized that KiKi was not with him. “The storm separated us”, Tom was sad, telling his aunt. “I searched the entire place with the help of the sweet shop owner but I couldn’t find him.”Tom’s aunt posted an advertisement in the paper. After all she had spent a lot of money buying KiKi and did not want to lose him. It was a half-hour ride by bus. The middle-aged lady who greeted KiKi was a motherly sort of a woman. She and her husband had answered Tom’s aunt’s advertisement in the paper. Since Tom’s aunt was out on an official tour, Tom had been sent to check on the dog. “He is asleep.” the lady said. “Come and have a look. It is so cute, just like our dead dog, CiCi. We love him so much.” 注意： 1. 续写词数应150左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Paragraph 1: Tom went into the room and looked at the dog. That’s the lost dog he was looking for. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph2: After a moment of hesitation, Tom struggled to say that the dog was not his aunt’s. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025届张家界市高三综合模拟调研（一） 英语 注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号等填写在答题卡上。 2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Four Highly-related Books Anne of Green Gables. Anne of Green Gables by Canadian author Lucy Mau d Montgomery has been considered as a children’s novel since the mid-20th century. It states how Anne makes her way with the Cuthberts at school and within the town. The novel presents the conflicts between Ann’s more fantastical daily life and that of Marilla, who would rather operate as social convention dictates (规定). Since publication, the book has sold more than 50 million copies and has been translated into 20 languages. First published: 1908 Original language: English Pride and prejudice Pride and Prejudice is a romantic novel of manners by the British author Jane Austen. The story follows the main character, Elizabeth Bennet, as she deals with issues of manners, upbringing, norality, education and marriage in the society of the landed gentry (地主阶层) of England in the early 19th century. First published: 1813 Original language: English Treasure Island Treasure Island is an adventure novel by Scottish author Robert Louis, telling a tale of “pirates (海盗) and buried gold”. The influence of the book on popular perceptions of pirates is huge, including such elements as treasure maps marked with an “X”, sailing ships, tropical islands and one-legged seamen bearing parrots on their shoulders. First published: 1883 Original language: English Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland is a novel written by English author Charles Lutwidge Dodgson under the pen name Lewis Carroll. It tells of a girl named Alice falling through a rabbit hole into a fantasy world populated by unusual and vivid creatures. The tale plays with logic giving the story lasting popularity with adults as well as with children. It is considered to be one of the best examples of the literary nonsense type. First published: 1865 Original language: English 1. What do the four books have in common? A. They are novels written by the authors from the same country. B. They were first published in the 19th century. C. They were originally written in English. D. They are works of children's literature. 2. What can we know about Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland? A. Its theme is manners, upbringing and marriage. B. Its main character is an English gentleman. C. It is suitable for both adults and children. D. It is based on a true and touching story. 3. Which book is involved with sailors who attack other ships and rob them of property? A. Treasure Island. B. Pride and prejudice. C. Anne of Green Gables. D. Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. 【答案】1. C 2. C 3. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是应用文。文章主要是对四本高度相关的书籍进行介绍和说明，包括书籍的内容、作者、出版时间以及语言等方面的信息。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据四本书介绍下的“Original language: English(原始语言:英语)”可知，四本书的共同点是它们最初是用英语写的。故选C项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland下的“The tale plays with logic, giving the story lasting popularity with adults as well as with children.(这个故事很有逻辑性，因此深受大人和孩子们的喜爱)”可知，《爱丽丝梦游仙境》适合成人和儿童。故选C项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据Treasure Island下的“Treasure Island is an adventure novel by Scottish author Robert Louis, telling a tale of “pirates (海盗) and buried gold”. The influence of the book on popular perceptions of pirates is huge, including such elements as treasure maps marked with an “X”, sailing ships, tropical islands and one-legged seamen bearing parrots on their shoulders.(《金银岛》是苏格兰作家罗伯特·路易斯的一部冒险小说，讲述了一个“海盗和埋藏的黄金”的故事。这本书让公众对海盗的看法产生了巨大的影响，包括标有“X”的藏宝图、帆船、热带岛屿和肩上背着鹦鹉的独腿海员等元素)”可知，水手袭击其他船只并抢劫他们的财产，说的就是海盗，所以Treasure Island讲述了这个故事。故选A项。 B Hearing the speeding cars passing us, I had to focus on the sound of my uncle’s bicycle leading the way. At thirty, with my retinas (视网膜) dying from an eye disease, driving a car was impossible and I couldn’t give up the freedom of riding my bike. Uncle Fred pedalled steadily. I biked a few inches behind. He shouted directions at each intersection. Suddenly, his voice rose with urgency, “Carol, stop! A car is turning.” When we reached our destination, my shoulders ached from the ride. As I sat next to Uncle Fred, he cleared his throat and said, “Carol, did you think about getting a trained Seeing Eye dog? It can give you independence.” He knew I was afraid of dogs. Words stuck in my throat. But his voice cracked and planted the seed of an idea. My world shrunk as my blindness grew worse. Luckily, I had a good sense of direction, allowing me to visualize neighborhood routes. This skill could be an advantage when working with a dog. After calculating, I finally called the guide dog school. The admission application arrived, but I still wasn’t sure. One day, I phoned my friend Robert, a longtime guide dog user in my town. He shared his positive experiences. Somehow, his words convinced me to give it a try. During the training, the dog trainer’s coaching and each successful walk with the dogs built my confidence. As my guide dog Misty and I bonded, my shoulders relaxed. When I returned home, Uncle Fred was the first to meet Misty. Misty sat at our feet waving her tail. She must have picked up on the positive energy that circled us like a hug. Misty drove away my anxiety as I slowly opened my heart to her. Just as Uncle Fred had predicted, overcoming my fear gave me the opportunity for more independence. My new confidence came from using a guide dog, allowing me to walk tall. Uncle Fred’s advice moved my sense of joy from my bike to my dog. 4. What drove the author to ride a bike? A. Getting prepared for driving a car. B. Treating her disease by taking exercise. C. Getting familiar with noisy background. D. Enjoying the freedom of moving around. 5. How did the author react to her uncle’s suggestion? A. She thought it worth a try. B. She drew up a practical plan. C. She was stuck in desperation. D. She refused it for fear of dogs. 6. Why did the author call Robert? A. To invite him to adopt a dog. B. To ask him about the application. C. To encourage him to be positive in life. D. To consult him about taking a guide dog. 7. What change did Misty bring to the author? A. She became confident about fighting the illness. B. She became more attached to her uncle for help. C. She gained her independence with Misty’s help. D She formed her community of guide dog trainers. 【答案】4. D 5. A 6. D 7. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。眼睛的疾病使作者不能自由出行，在亲人的鼓励下，作者领养了导盲犬，从此她的生活无须再依赖他人，她对生活也更加乐观。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。由第一段“Hearing the speeding cars passing us, I had to focus on the sound of my uncle’s bicycle leading the way. At thirty, with my retinas (视网膜) dying from an eye disease, driving a car was impossible and I couldn’t give up the freedom of riding my bike.(听到超速行驶的汽车从我们身边经过，我不得不专注于我叔叔的自行车带路的声音。三十岁时，我的视网膜因眼疾而逐渐丧失功能，开车是不可能的，我不能放弃骑自行车的自由。)”可知，作者骑自行车是为了享受出行的自由。故选D项。 【5题详解】 推理判断题。由文章第三段“My world shrunk as my blindness grew worse. Luckily, I had a good sense of direction, allowing me to visualize neighborhood routes. This skill could be an advantage when working with a dog.(随着失明的加剧，我的世界缩小了。幸运的是，我有很好的方向感，可以想象出附近的路线。与狗一起工作时，这项技能可能是一个优势。)”以及上文可知，作者听到叔叔的建议时不知道说什么，因为她一直很害怕狗，但是这句话在她的脑子里种下了一个养狗的念头，她觉得这个建议值得一试。故选A项。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。由第四段“One day, I phoned my friend Robert, a longtime guide dog user in my town. He shared his positive experiences. Somehow, his words convinced me to give it a try.(有一天，我打电话给我的朋友罗伯特，他是我镇上一位长期使用导盲犬的人。他分享了自己的积极经历。不知怎么的，他的话说服了我试一试。)”可知，作者打电话给好友罗伯特，因为他养了很长时间的导盲犬，所以作者向他咨询。故选D项。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。由文章最后一段“As my guide dog Misty and I bonded, my shoulders relaxed. When I returned home, Uncle Fred was the first to meet Misty. Misty sat at our feet waving her tail. She must have picked up on the positive energy that circled us like a hug. Misty drove away my anxiety as I slowly opened my heart to her. Just as Uncle Fred had predicted, overcoming my fear gave me the opportunity for more independence. My new confidence came from using a guide dog, allowing me to walk tall. Uncle Fred’s advice moved my sense of joy from my bike to my dog.(当我和导盲犬米斯蒂亲密接触时，我的肩膀放松了。当我回到家时，弗雷德叔叔是第一个见到米斯蒂的人。米斯蒂坐在我们脚边，挥舞着尾巴。她一定感受到了像拥抱一样围绕着我们的正能量。米斯蒂驱散了我的焦虑，我慢慢地向她敞开心扉。正如弗雷德叔叔所预测的那样，克服恐惧给了我更多的独立机会。我的新信心来自使用导盲犬，让我能够走得很高。弗雷德叔叔的建议把我的快乐从自行车转移到了我的狗身上。)”可知，这里提到作者领养了导盲犬之后生活的变化，说这只导盲犬让自己更自信，而且不再焦虑，在生活上更加独立。故选C项。 C Imagine you’re cooking potatoes for breakfast. First, you’d remove the potatoes from their plastic bag. Then, you might chop them on a plastic cutting board. Next, you’d probably cook them in a nonstick pan. All the removing, chopping and overheating of nonstick pans can add 2.3 million microplastics to your food. Besides food, the air and water in your home is full of microplastics. Smaller than a grain of salt, we interact with them more than we might realize. Humans breathe in about 22,000,000 microplastics annually. As a result, microplastics have been detected in our blood and lungs. We’re only just beginning to understand the effect of microplastics on human health — but research suggests we should concern more. A groundbreaking new study shows how the presence of microplastics in arteries (动脉血管) is linked to a greater risk of heart attack and death. When microplastics build up in arteries, the thicker blood vessel (血管) walls reduce blood flow to parts of the body. This study will inspire more research into what other organs plastic may be damaging, such as the brain, or stomach. Microplastics may be inescapable, but with simple swaps and fixes, you can reduce the amount of microplastics you encounter in your own home. Carry your own reusable bags and avoid buying food that comes in much plastic packaging. When heating food, use stainless steel instead of nonstick pans. Another way to limit your exposure is to filter (过滤) your tap water to reduce plastic fibers in the tap water. Ultimately, plastic manufacturers and the companies that sell their products are responsible for the high volume of plastic waste in our environments, and significantly reducing that plastic — and the microplastics that come with it — will have to be at the policy level nationwide and worldwide. 8. What does the author try to convey by telling the cooking story? A. Microplastics directly lead to diseases. B. Nonstick pans are free of microplastics. C. We consumed microplastics unknowingly. D. Cooking is to blame for making microplastics. 9. How do microplastics affect our body according to the new study? A. By damaging our brain. B. By slowing blood flow. C. By thickening our lungs. D. By causing stomachache. 10. What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A. Tips for people to cut microplastics. B. Proof of microplastics in our homes. C. Presence of microplastics in packaging. D. Exposure to microplastics via tap water. 11. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. Plastic waste comes from microplastics on earth. B. The amount of plastic waste is significantly large. C. Relevant regulations are vital to contain plastic use. D. Plastic makers and buyers answer for plastic waste. 【答案】8. C 9. B 10. A 11. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了微塑料对人类健康的影响，包括其在食物、空气和水中的普遍存在，以及可能对人体器官如心脏造成的危害，并提出了一些减少微塑料暴露的建议。 【8题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Imagine you’re cooking potatoes for breakfast. First, you’d remove the potatoes from their plastic bag. Then, you might chop them on a plastic cutting board. Next, you’d probably cook them in a nonstick pan. All the removing, chopping and overheating of nonstick pans can add 2.3 million microplastics to your food.(想象一下你在早餐时煮土豆。首先，你会从塑料袋里拿出土豆。然后，你可能会在塑料砧板上切它们。接下来，你可能会在不粘锅里煮它们。所有去除、切割和加热不粘锅的动作可能会给你的食物增加230万微塑料颗粒)”可推知，作者试图通过讲述烹饪故事来传达我们在不知情的情况下摄入了微塑料。故选C。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“A groundbreaking new study shows how the presence of microplastics in arteries (动脉血管) is linked to a greater risk of heart attack and death. When microplastics build up in arteries, the thicker blood vessel (血管) walls reduce blood flow to parts of the body.(一项开创性的新研究表明，动脉中微塑料的存在与心脏病发作和死亡风险增加有关。当微塑料在动脉中积聚时，更厚的血管壁会减少流向身体各部位的血液)”可知，微塑料通过减缓血流来影响我们的身体。故选B。 【10题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章第四段“Microplastics may be inescapable, but with simple swaps and fixes, you can reduce the amount of microplastics you encounter in your own home. Carry your own reusable bags and avoid buying food that comes in much plastic packaging. When heating food, use stainless steel instead of nonstick pans. Another way to limit your exposure is to filter (过滤) your tap water to reduce plastic fibers in the tap water.(微塑料可能是无法避免的，但通过简单的替换和修复，你可以减少在自己家中接触到的微塑料的数量。带上你自己的可重复使用的袋子，避免购买包装有大量塑料的食品。加热食物时，使用不锈钢而不是不粘锅。另一种限制暴露的方法是过滤你的自来水以减少自来水中的塑料纤维)”可知，本段主要提供了减少在家中接触微塑料的建议，包括使用可重复使用的袋子、避免购买塑料包装的食品、使用不锈钢锅加热食物以及过滤自来水等。故选A。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Ultimately, plastic manufacturers and the companies that sell their products are responsible for the high volume of plastic waste in our environments, and significantly reducing that plastic — and the microplastics that come with it — will have to be at the policy level nationwide and worldwide.(最终，塑料制造商和销售其产品的公司对我们环境中大量的塑料垃圾负有责任，要在全国范围内和全球范围内大大减少这种塑料——以及随之而来的微塑料——将必须在政策层面进行)”可知，塑料制造商和销售产品的公司对塑料垃圾负有责任，并强调了在全国范围内和全球范围内通过政策层面减少塑料和微塑料的重要性。由此推知，相关法规对控制塑料使用至关重要。故选C。 D The word paradigm comes from the Greek. It was originally a scientific term, and is more commonly used today to mean a model or theory. In the more general sense, it’s the way we “see” the world — not in terms of our visual sense of sight, but in terms of perceiving, understanding, and interpreting. A simple way to understand paradigms is to see them as maps. We all know that “the map is not the territory.” A map is simply an explanation of certain aspects of the territory. That’s exactly what a paradigm is. It is a theory, an explanation, or model of something else. You can never arrive at a specific location in a new city with a wrong map. Each of us has many maps in our head, which can be divided into two main categories: maps of the way things are, or realities, and maps of the way things should be, or values. We interpret everything we experience through these mental maps. We seldom question their accuracy; we’re usually even unaware that we have them. We simply assume that the way we see things is the way they really are or the way they should be. And our attitudes and behaviors grow out of those assumptions. The way we see things is the source of the way we think and the way we act. We see the world, not as it is, but as we are or, as we are conditioned to see it. Clearheaded people see things differently, each looking through the unique lens of experience. But this does not mean that there are no facts. Instead, each person’s interpretation of these facts represents prior experiences. The more aware we are of our basic paradigms, maps, or assumptions, and the extent to which we have been influenced by our experience, the more we can take responsibility for those paradigms, examine them, test them against reality, listen to others and be open to their perceptions, thereby getting a larger picture and a far more objective view. 12. How does the author illustrate the concept of “paradigm”? A. By comparing it to an everyday object. B. By sorting it into different categories. C. By presenting personal examples. D. By highlighting a sharp contrast. 13. What can be concluded about the mental maps mentioned in paragraph 3? A. They fail to escape our attention. B. They may be lacking in accuracy. C. They prove wrong and unreliable. D. They have little influence on behavior. 14. Which of the following echoes the main idea of paragraph 4? A. Great minds think alike. B. All men have opinions, but few think. C. Where we stand depends on where we sit. D. The fewer the facts, the stronger the opinions. 15. What does the author advocate in the last paragraph? A. A better understanding of our paradigms. B. A stronger sense of responsibility for others. C. A more objective view of others’ perceptions. D. A more positive attitude toward life experience. 【答案】12. A 13. B 14. C 15. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章解释了范式(paradigm)的含义及其现实意义。 【12题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“A simple way to understand paradigms is to see them as maps.(理解paradigm的一个简单方法是将它们视为地图)”可推知，作者通过把paradigm与地图这一日常用品进行比较，从而达到阐明其概念的目的。故选A项。 【13题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“We interpret everything we experience through these mental maps. We seldom question their accuracy; we’re usually even unaware that we have them. We simply assume that the way we see things is the way they really are or the way they should be. (我们通过这些思维地图来解释我们所经历的一切。我们很少质疑它们的准确性；我们通常甚至没有意识到我们有它们。我们只是简单地假设我们看待事物的方式就是它们真实的样子或它们应该的样子)”可知，我们用思维地图来解释一切，但很少质疑其准确性，只是简单地假设我们看待事物的方式就是它们真实的样子或它们应该的样子，由此推知，其实思维地图是可能缺乏准确性的。故选B项。 【14题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第四段中“We see the world, not as it is, but as we are or, as we are conditioned to see it. Clearheaded people see things differently, each looking through the unique lens of experience. But this does not mean that there are no facts. Instead, each person’s interpretation of these facts represents prior experiences.(我们不是按它本来的样子看世界，而是按我们自己角度或者我们的习惯于看世界。头脑清晰的人看待事物的方式不同，每个人都从独特的经验角度看问题)”可知，第四段主要讲每个人都是从自己的角度出发看世界，即我们和观点、立场与我们的角度、位置有关，与C项“我们的立场取决于我们的位置”一致。故选C项。 【15题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后段中“The more aware we are of our basic paradigms, maps, or assumptions, and the extent to which we have been influenced by our experience, the more we can take responsibility for those paradigms, examine them, test them against reality, listen to others and be open to their perceptions, thereby getting a larger picture and a far more objective view.(我们越了解我们的基本范式、地图或假设，以及我们受经验影响的程度，我们就越能对这些范式负责，检验它们，与现实进行测试，倾听他人的意见，接受他们的看法，从而获得更大的图景和更客观的观点)”可知，作者主张要更好地理解我们的范式，才能获得更大的图景和更客观的观点，所有要更好地理解范式。故选A项。 第二节（共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多 余选项。 Most people agree that college is the time when things change the most in their lives. Learning facts in school is important, but learning basic life skills is much more important for getting through these years and beyond. ___16___ Budgeting: Handling Money Like a Pro Why is budgeting crucial? Entertainment and takeaway can easily drain (耗尽) a budget, leaving nothing for groceries or textbooks. ___17___ You can use a spreadsheet or a program to streamline this process. Set aside money for food and entertainment to avoid overspending. Budgeting now might prepare you for financial independence after college. Maintaining Physical and Mental Health: Self-Care In college, what is self-care? Sleeping sufficiently, eating well, and exercising regularly are the basics. It may be difficult to prioritize these things while you’re busy, but doing so will boost your attitude and energy. ___18___ It’s not unusual to feel worried or stressed. Learning coping strategies will assist control anxiety. For students who might need it, several colleges also provide counseling services. Self-care is not selfish; rather, it is necessary for your optimum performance. Communication Skills: Creating Strong Relationships Why is talking to people so important? ___19___ Good conversation skills can help you work with others on group projects, and they can also help you learn more in class when you talk to your teachers. College teaches you more than just how to graduate. ___20___ Today and tomorrow, knowing bow to take care of yourself, manage your time, budget, and handle your time will be important. Learn these skills early to reduce anxiety. They will also help you prepare for post-college life. A. It also prepares you for independence. B. Of equal importance is mental health. C. You need these skills to be a good adult. D. You may struggle with money management. E. Start budgeting by tracking income and expenses. F. Good conversation builds trust and leads to close relationships. G. Clearly say what you want to say when meeting teachers or possible employers. 【答案】16. C 17. E 18. B 19. F 20. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文说明了大学生活不仅是学习知识，更重要的是学习基本生活技能，如预算、身心健康和自我照顾以及沟通技巧。 【16题详解】 根据前文“Learning facts in school is important, but learning basic life skills is much more important for getting through these years and beyond. (在学校学习事实很重要，但学习基本的生活技能对于度过这些年及以后更为重要。)”可知，上文着重突出生活技能的重要性，空处承接上文，C项中的“these skills”和上文中的“basic life skills”相呼应，说明这些生活技能对于个人成长，具体来说是成为一个好的成年人有着关键意义，将话题从强调生活技能重要自然过渡到其对成年后生活的作用上，能够合理地衔接上下文，使整个论述逻辑连贯。所以C选项“You need these skills to be a good adult. (你需要这些技能才能成为一个好的成年人。)”符合语境。故选C。 【17题详解】 根据前文“Entertainment and takeaway can easily drain (耗尽) a budget, leaving nothing for groceries or textbooks. (娱乐和外卖很容易耗尽预算，导致没有钱买杂货或课本。)”以及后文“You can use a spreadsheet or a program to streamline this process. (您可以使用电子表格或程序来简化此过程。)”可知，本段教人们如何控制预算，进行金钱管理，空处需要一个句子来衔接，引出后续关于具体如何开展预算工作的内容。E项中的“tracking income and expenses”和下文中的“this process”相呼应。所以E选项“Start budgeting by tracking income and expenses. (通过跟踪收入和支出开始预算。)”符合语境，直接回应了上文关于预算为何重要的问题，并为下文提供了具体的预算方法。故选E。 【18题详解】 根据后文“It’s not unusual to feel worried or stressed. Learning coping strategies will assist control anxiety. (感到担忧或压力并不罕见。学习应对策略有助于控制焦虑。)”可知，本段主要讲述的是心理调节。空处需要一个句子来实现从身体方面自我照顾到心理健康方面的自然过渡。B选项“Of equal importance is mental health. (同样重要的是心理健康。)”承上启下，符合语意。故选B。 【19题详解】 根据前文“Why is talking to people so important? (为什么与人交谈如此重要？)”可知，接下来应该描述与人交谈重要性的原因。F选项“Good conversation builds trust and leads to close relationships. (良好的对话可以建立信任，建立亲密的关系。)”符合语意，并且直接回答了上文提出的问题，即为什么与人交谈重要。故选F。 【20题详解】 根据前文“College teaches you more than just how to graduate. (大学教你的不仅仅是如何毕业。)”可知，本空要表达的是除了毕业之外的其他收获，由后文“Today and tomorrow, knowing bow to take care of yourself, manage your time, budget, and handle your time will be important. (今天和明天，知道如何照顾自己、管理时间、预算和处理时间将很重要。)”可知，这些能力对于独立生活很重要，故A选项“It also prepares you for independence. (它还为你将来的独立生活做准备）”能够承接上文，引出下文，符合语境。故选A。 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分） After a recent business trip, I was heading back to my home in Northern California. Since I live a four-hour ____21____ from the San Francisco airport, I had parked my car there for my trip back. To my frustration, I ____22____ that the battery was dead when I reached my car. Luckily, an airport parking attendant promptly showed up to ____23____ my car, and I was on my way. While driving north on Highway 280 towards San Francisco, I exited onto Highway 1 and ____24____ heavy traffic. Suddenly, my car didn’t work ____25____ — no flashers, lights, or starter — leaving me stuck in the middle lane. Feeling helpless and ____26____ of being hit, I called 911. A woman on duty took my information and ____27____ it to the San Francisco police. As I stood there awaiting ____28____, a nice gentleman, who had previously experienced a similar ____29____ himself offered to push my car to the shoulder. After thanking him, I proceeded to _____30_____ further help. Within ten minutes, a police car arrived to _____31_____ that everything was going smoothly. Shortly after, a tow truck took my car to a nearby _____32_____, where efficient repairs allowed me to _____33_____ my journey without much delay. On my drive home, I reflected with gratitude on the many acts of _____34_____ I had been granted that day and _____35_____ to extend that warmth to others. 21. A. walk B. ride C. drive D. flight 22. A. suspected B. discovered C. ignored D. imagined 23. A. jump-start B. test-drive C. safety- inspect D. spot-check 24. A. directed B. navigated C. surveyed D. encountered 25. A. slightly B. frequently C. occasionally D. entirely 26. A. critical B. scared C. ignorant D. ashamed 27. A. forwarded B. returned C. exposed D. whispered 28. A. recognition B. assistance C. negotiation D. evidence 29. A. rollover B. pileup C. blowout D. breakdown 30. A. wait for B. cut off C. turn down D. contribute to 31. A. assume B. confirm C. ensure D. promise 32 A. airport B. garage C. hotel D. station 33. A. shift B. improve C. resume D. adjust 34. A. concern B. sympathy C. kindness D. generosity 35. A. agreed B. hesitated C. begged D. resolved 【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. D 26. B 27. A 28. B 29. D 30. A 31. C 32. B 33. C 34. C 35. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者出差回家路上，车子坏了，卡在了中间车道上。作者拨打了求救电话，等待期间得到了很多人的帮助，作者决心将这种温暖传递给他人。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为我住的地方离旧金山机场有四个小时的车程，所以我把车停在了那里，准备回程。A. walk散步；B. ride骑车；C. drive驾驶；D. flight航班。根据后文“I had parked my car”可知，作者是开车去的。故选C。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：令我沮丧的是，当我到达我的车时，我发现电池没电了。A. suspected怀疑；B. discovered发现；C. ignored忽视；D. imagined想象。根据后文“that the battery was dead”指发现电池没电了。故选B。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，一名机场停车服务员很快出现，帮我启动了汽车，我就上路了。A. jump-start启动；B. test-drive试车；C. safety-inspect安全检查；D. spot-check抽查。根据上文“the battery was dead”可知，电池没电了，服务员帮助作者启动汽车。故选A。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我沿着280号高速公路向北驶往旧金山时，我驶上了1号高速公路，遇到了交通堵塞。A. directed指导；B. navigated航行；C. surveyed调查；D. encountered遇见。根据后文“heavy traffic”指在高速上遇到交通堵塞。故选D。 【25题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：突然，我的车完全不工作了——没有闪光灯、灯和启动器——把我卡在了中间车道上。A. slightly稍微；B. frequently频繁地；C. occasionally偶尔；D. entirely完全地。根据后文“no flashers, lights, or starter — leaving me stuck in the middle lane”指车子完全不工作了，故选D。 【26题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：感到无助和害怕被撞，我打了911。A. critical批评的；B. scared害怕的；C. ignorant无知的；D. ashamed羞愧的。根据上文“leaving me stuck in the middle lane”可知，车停在了路中间，作者害怕被撞。故选B。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一位值班的女士记下了我的信息，并把它转发给了旧金山警方。A. forwarded转递；B. returned返回；C. exposed暴露；D. whispered低语。根据后文“it to the San Francisco police”指值班女士记下信息，把它转发给了旧金山警方。故选A。 【28题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我站在那里等待救援时，一位和蔼的绅士主动提出把我的车推到路边，他自己以前也经历过类似的故障。A. recognition认可；B. assistance帮助；C. negotiation协商；D. evidence证据。根据上文“As I stood there awaiting”可知，车子坏了，作者在等待救援。故选B。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我站在那里等待救援时，一位和蔼的绅士主动提出把我的车推到路边，他自己以前也经历过类似的故障。A. rollover翻转；B. pileup堆积；C. blowout爆裂；D. breakdown故障。根据上文“no flashers, lights, or starter — leaving me stuck in the middle lane”可知，对方也遭遇过车子出故障的情况。故选D。 【30题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：谢过他之后，我继续等待进一步的帮助。A. wait for等待；B. cut off切断；C. turn down调低；D. contribute to有助于。呼应上文“I stood there awaiting”指作者继续等待帮助。故选A。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：不到十分钟，一辆警车来了，以确保一切顺利。A. assume认为；B. confirm确认；C. ensure确保；D. promise承诺。根据后文“everything was going smoothly”可知，警车确保一切顺利。故选C。 【32题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：不久之后，一辆拖车把我的车拖到了附近的一个修车厂，在那里进行了高效的维修，我没有耽搁太多时间就可以继续上路了。A. airport机场；B. garage汽车修理厂，车库；C. hotel宾馆；D. station车站。根据后文“where efficient repairs allowed me”可知，车子被拖到了汽车修理厂。故选B。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：不久之后，一辆拖车把我的车拖到了附近的一个修车厂，在那里进行了高效的维修，我没有耽搁太多时间就可以继续上路了。A. shift转换；B. improve改善；C. resume恢复；D. adjust调整。根据后文“my journey without much delay”可知，作者很快恢复上路了。故选C。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在开车回家的路上，我满怀感激地回想起那天我得到的许多善举，并决心将这种温暖传递给他人。A. concern担心；B. sympathy同情；C. kindness善良；D. generosity慷慨。根据后文“extend that warmth to others”以及上文可知，作者遇到困难，得到了很多人的善举。故选C。 【35题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在开车回家的路上，我满怀感激地回想起那天我得到的许多善举，并决心将这种温暖传递给他人。A. agreed同意；B. hesitated犹豫；C. begged恳求；D. resolved决心，解决。根据后文“to extend that warmth to others”指作者决心传递温暖。故选D。 第二节（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chinese scientists have started a scientific expedition to the Mount Qomolangma. ____36____ total of 170 scientists have begun to do research on water, ecology and human activity, aiming ____37____ (reveal) the mechanism of environmental change and optimize the ecological security barrier system on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. ____38____ (label) as the roof of the world and water tower of Asia, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is an essential ecological security barrier in China. It is also a natural laboratory for ____39____ (conduct) research on the evolution of Earth and life, and the relationship between man and Earth. ____40____ an important part of the research, the ongoing expedition is ____41____ (particular) important to the study of the impact of climatic and environmental changes in the Mount Qomolangma region on other parts of the world. The expedition focuses on major scientific ____42____ (issue), such as how the extreme high-altitude environment of the Mount Qomolangma changes under the influence of global warming, according to Yao Tandong, ____43____ is the team leader. “The expedition has realized the ____44____ (transform) from ‘I want to conquer you’ to ‘I want to understand you’, achieved the application of new technologies and resulted in important international influence,” he said. So far, many scientific achievements _____45_____ (make). 【答案】36. A 37. to reveal 38. Labeled##Labelled 39. conducting 40. As 41. particularly 42. issues 43. who 44. transformation 45. have been made 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了中国科学家已开始对珠穆朗玛峰进行多方位科学考察，旨在揭示青藏高原环境变化的机制，优化生态安全屏障系统。 【36题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：共有170名科学家开始对水、生态和人类活动进行研究，旨在揭示青藏高原环境变化的机制，优化生态安全屏障系统。固定短语a total of (总共)，句首单词首字母大写。故填A。 【37题详解】 考查不定式。句意：共有170名科学家开始对水、生态和人类活动进行研究，旨在揭示青藏高原环境变化的机制，优化生态安全屏障系统。固定短语aim to do sth. (旨在做某事)，reveal用不定式形式。故填to reveal。 【38题详解】 考查过去分词。句意：青藏高原被誉为世界屋脊、亚洲水塔，是中国重要生态安全屏障。非谓语动词label和逻辑主语the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau之间是被动关系，label用过去分词形式作状语，句首单词首字母大写。故填Labeled/Labelled。 【39题详解】 考查动名词。句意：它也是研究地球和生命进化以及人与地球关系的天然实验室。作介词for的宾语，conduct用动名词形式。故填conducting。 【40题详解】 考查介词。句意：作为研究的重要组成部分，正在进行的探险对研究珠穆朗玛峰地区气候和环境变化对世界其他地区的影响尤为重要。根据句意可知此处表示“作为”，后跟名词短语，所以用介词as，句首单词首字母大写。故填As。 【41题详解】 考查副词。句意：作为研究的重要组成部分，正在进行的探险对研究珠穆朗玛峰地区气候和环境变化对世界其他地区的影响尤为重要。副词particularly作状语，修饰形容词important。故填particularly。 【42题详解】 考查名词。句意：据团队负责人姚坦东介绍，此次考察的重点是重大科学问题，例如珠穆朗玛峰的极端高海拔环境在全球变暖的影响下是如何变化的。作宾语，所以用名词issue，为可数名词，前面没有限定词，所以用名词复数表示泛指。故填issues。 【43题详解】 考查定语从句关系词。句意：据团队负责人姚坦东介绍，此次考察的重点是重大科学问题，例如珠穆朗玛峰的极端高海拔环境在全球变暖的影响下是如何变化的。该空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Yao Tandong，指人，关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语，用关系代词who。故填who。 【44题详解】 考查名词。句意：他说：“这次探险实现了从‘我想征服你’到‘我想了解你’的转变，实现了新技术的应用，产生了重要的国际影响。”作宾语，用名词transformation，为不可数名词。故填transformation。 【45题详解】 考查时态语态。句意：到目前为止，已经取得了许多科学成果。根据时间状语So far，可知用现在完成时态，主语many scientific achievements和谓语动词make之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态，主语复数，所以助动词为have。故填have been made。 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46. 你们学校英语俱乐部打算进行以“My Favourite Book”为题的分享交流活动，请你根据以下要求写一篇发言稿，内容包括： 1. 介绍这本书； 2. 分享这本书的理由。 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3. 开头已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear fellow students, I feel honored to share with you my favourite book called ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear fellow students, I feel honored to share with you my favourite book called Gone with the wind written by Margaret Mitchell. Scarlett, the heroine, used to live a cozy life in Twelve Oaks before the outbreak of the American Civil War. Though she went through a lot of ups and downs/ trials and troubles, she never gave up hope and courage to carry on with what was left for her. The last line of the book “After all, tomorrow is another day” has become my motto. Whenever I am short with my parents or feel frustrated, I reflect on myself, realizing how lucky I am compared with Scarlett. The gutty and gritty tone of the book appeals to me in particular. It is Gone with the wind that teaches me gumption, which most of the youth lack today. I do expect my sharing may inspire you and I am willing to hear your recommendation of the books you love. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一篇发言稿，介绍自己喜爱的书籍。 【详解】1.词汇积累 荣幸的：honored→privileged 舒适的：cozy→comfortable 沮丧：frustrated→discouraged 幸运：lucky→fortunate 2句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：The gutty and gritty tone of the book appeals to me in particular. 拓展句：It is the gutty and gritty tone of the book that appeals to me in particular. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Though she went through a lot of ups and downs/trials and troubles, she never gave up hope and courage to carry on with what was left for her. (运用了though引导让步状语从句和what引导宾语从句) [高分句型2] It is Gone with the wind that teaches me gumption, which most of the youth lack today. (运用了强调句型，which引导非限制性定语从句) 第二节（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语，续写两段使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Tom adored does very much and he always fed the homeless dogs, enjoying the company of those lovely animals. It was a nice holiday. Tom’s parents sent him to his Aunt’s house, where there was a a little dog called KiKi. The dog had golden fur which felt very comfortable, like touching the soft cotton. Every time KiKi saw Tom, it would leap to its feet. wagging his tail and his eyes sparkling with excitement. However, KiKi was unhappy in the house He was not given his meals on time, nor was he taken for a walk. KiKi was always shouted at and abused all day. “Your aunt bought KiKi so that the dog could protect her house from thieves, but actually she doesn’t love him”, a neighbour of Tom’s aunt told him one day. Tom felt sad. At night he could hear KiKi make mournful sounds in the cold.“Why don’t you make a coat for your pet?”Tom paused and said, “He feels cold.” His aunt answered, “I have much better things to do. It’s just a dog!” One day Tom went out for a walk with KiKi, when a fierce storm started. Tom ran to take shelter in a sweet shop. It was only after a few minutes that he realized that KiKi was not with him. “The storm separated us”, Tom was sad, telling his aunt. “I searched the entire place with the help of the sweet shop owner but I couldn’t find him.”Tom’s aunt posted an advertisement in the paper. After all she had spent a lot of money buying KiKi and did not want to lose him. It was a half-hour ride by bus. The middle-aged lady who greeted KiKi was a motherly sort of a woman. She and her husband had answered Tom’s aunt’s advertisement in the paper. Since Tom’s aunt was out on an official tour, Tom had been sent to check on the dog. “He is asleep.” the lady said. “Come and have a look. It is so cute, just like our dead dog, CiCi. We love him so much.” 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Paragraph 1: Tom went into the room and looked at the dog. That’s the lost dog he was looking for. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph2: After a moment of hesitation, Tom struggled to say that the dog was not his aunt’s. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Tom went into the room and looked at the dog. That’s the lost dog he was looking for. He bent down, touching the dog’s golden fur gently. Obviously, KiKi was well cared for. Meanwhile, the woman continued to say how much they loved the dog and how it reminded them of their own beloved pet dog, CiCi. A pang of guilt seized Tom as he knew he would have to take the dog away from this loving home. He doubted whether it was fair to take KiKi away, especially when KiKi got the love and the care he deserved. After a moment of hesitation, he struggled to say that the dog was not his aunt’s. Hearing this, the couple’s faces lit up at once. “It means we can live with this cute dog?” the lady asked with excitement. Tom nodded, believing that the kind couple would be more likely to give KiKi a better life, a life full of love, warmth and company as KiKi was a valuable gift to them. Tom was delighted that he could help the dog and the couple and make the world more beautiful and harmonious. 【解析】 【导语】本文以事件发展为线索展开，讲述Tom在假期期间寄居在姑姑家，与一只名叫KiKi的小狗建立了深厚的感情。KiKi在姑姑家并没有得到应有的关爱和照顾，这让Tom感到非常难过。后来，KiKi在一次暴风雨中走失，姑姑为了找回KiKi，登报寻找。Tom在姑姑外出期间被派去看那只狗是不是KiKi，发现KiKi被一对善良的夫妇收养，他们对KiKi充满了爱。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“Tom走进房间，看着那只狗。那就是他一直在寻找的那只走失的狗。”可知，第一段应描述Tom确认KiKi的身份，并观察到KiKi在新家中的幸福生活。 ②由第二段首句内容“经过片刻犹豫后，Tom艰难地说出这只狗并不是他阿姨的。”可知，第二段应描述Tom内心的挣扎和他最终的决定，即让KiKi留在新家庭中。 2.续写线索：确认身份——观察幸福生活——内心挣扎——做出决定——新家庭的反应——Tom的满足感 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①照顾：care for/take care of/look after ②继续：continue/go on ③决定：decide/make a decision 情绪类 ①内疚：guilty/remorseful ②高兴的：delighted/glad 【点睛】[高分句型1]. He doubted whether it was fair to take KiKi away, especially when KiKi got the love and the care he deserved.（使用了whether引导的宾语从句，when引导的时间状语从句，省略that引导的定语从句） [高分句型2]. Tom nodded, believing that the kind couple would be more likely to give KiKi a better life, a life full of love, warmth and company as KiKi was a valuable gift to them.（使用了that 引导的宾语从句，as引导的原因状语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$