专题01 谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致（语法填空有提示词）-2026年高考英语一轮复习（江苏专用）

专题01 谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致 --语法填空(有提示词) 01 思维导图—考法一览无余。 02 解题步骤--解题思路清,三年高考真题让学生了解高考，开悟快。 03 真题模拟集训—精选最新江苏各地模拟题与高考要求同步,适应学生需求。 语法填空中，提示词是动词，且空格位于主语之后，分析句子成分后发现句中找不到谓语，则所给动词应该作谓语，此时要结合语境考虑动词的时态和语态变化。 I.如何确定谓语动词的时态 1.通过“时态定义”解决时态问题 准确理解常考时态的定义是做题的根本。 2.通过“标志性时间状语”解决时态问题 在题干中，yesterday, tomorrow, always, in the past few years, so far等都是判断动词时态常用的标志性时间状语，做题时可以通过寻找“标志性时间状语”来判定时态。 3.通过“动作先后关系”解决时态问题 当句中有两个或两个以上的动词时，它们的发生时间有一定的先后关系。我们可以根据这种先后关系来判定时态。 4.通过“语境暗示”解决时态问题 有些题目在时间状语和其他参照物都不明显的情况下，通过正确理解语境即通过题干中的语境暗示，也是解决时态问题的一条行之有效的方法。 5. 通过“常用句式”解决时态问题 掌握常用句式也是解决时态问题的快速且行之有效的方式，因此平时要积累并熟记一些常用句式。 It is the first/second /… time that sb. has done (现在完成时) It was the first/second/… time that sb. had done (过去完成时) Sb. was doing sth. when… did… (过去进行时和一般过去时) Hardly had sb. done sth. when…did… (过去完成时和一般过去时) Sb. was about to do sth. when… did… (一般过去时) It's(high) time that sb. did/should do… (虚拟语气特殊时态) 例题解析 1. There ________(be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years, causing largely by rising global temperatures, according to a new report from the United Nations. 2. This device, however ________(use) a thermoelectric generator, which creates energy from differences in temperature. 3. Wang was born and grew up in America, but she ________(build) solid ties with Chinese culture since she was a little girl. 4. Up to now, China ________(establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves. II. 如何确定谓语动词的语态 确定谓语动词的语态，需要在弄懂句子基本意思的前提下才能完成。分析语境，弄明白所给动词与其对应的主语之间的逻辑关系是确定谓语动词语态的关键。如果所给动词的主语是这个动作的执行者，该动词就用主动语态；如所给动词的主语是这个动词的承受者，该动词就用被动语态。 【温馨提示】平时多积累、掌握一些动词(短语)不用于进行时和被动语态，例如belong to不用于进行时和被动语态；date back to/date from常用于一般现在时等。 例题解析 1. WED ________(create) in 1972 by the United Nations General Assembly. The environment wasn’t such a big issue back then. 2. The American superstar ________(spot) with a young physically-challenged Qatari boy, Al Muftah. The boy was born with a rare condition known as CRS. 3. Single-use plastic bags are used at most a few times before they ________(throw) away. 4. In the experiment, the-researchers first /measured how many tears ________(produce) by dogs when they were just spending time at home with their owners. III. “主谓一致”三原则 (1)语法一致原则:主语的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数。 (2)意义一致原则:形式上是单数、意义上是复数的名司作主语，或者形式上是复数、意义上是单数的名词作主语，谓语动词的数由主语所表示的意义来确定。 (3)就近原则:由并列结构连接的名词成分作主语时，谓语动词的数要和离它最近的主语保持一致。 例题解析 1. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ________(be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. 2. I kept going. Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I'd send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to ________(be) Alaska Airlines Paris. 3. What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it ________(be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. 【温馨提示】考查谓语的特别情况 有时语法填空中考查谓语不是完全的谓语缺失，而是谓语部分不完全，通常包括系表结构中考查系动词，或设空处在情态动词后，考查空处的语态。还有动词的虚拟语气(不常考)。 1.虚拟语气在非真实条件从句中的用法 情况 从句谓语动词 主句谓语动词 与现在事实相反 动词的过去式(be的过去式用were) should/would/could/might+动词原形 与过去事实相反 had done should/would/could/might+have done 与将来事实相反 动词的过去式、should+动词原形、were to+动词原形 should/would/could/might+动词原形 2.虚拟语气在某些从句中的运用 (1)在suggest, order, demand, command, request, require, insist, desire, urge, recommend等动词后的宾语从句中，要用“(should+)动词原形”来表示愿望、建议、命令、要求等；由上述动词派生或转化的名词的同位语从句或表语从句中也要用相应的虚拟形式。 (2)在“It is/was+某些形容词/过去分词+that从句”句型中，that从句常用虚拟语气，即谓语动词为“should+动词原形”。这些形容词有important, vital, significant, necessary, natural, strange, astonishing, surprising等。过去分词有desired, suggested, required, requested, recommended, ordered等。 (3)在“It is(about/high) time+that从句”中，谓语动词常用过去式或“should+动词原形”表示虚拟语气。这个句型中的should不可省略。 (4)在as if/as though引导的从句及wish引导的宾语从句中，与现在事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去式；与过去事实相反，从句谓语动词用“had+过去分词”；与将来事实相反，从句谓语动词用“would/could+动词原形”。 (5)在would rather后面的宾语从句中，表示与现在或将来事实相反，从句用一般过去时；表示与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。 三年高考真题演练 1.(2025年全国高考一卷)“The players’ personalities ___57___(reveal) during the game, and one’s weaknesses are exposed to the opponent,” she adds. “A decent winner always ___58___(try) to beat the opponent by no more than one or two points as a gesture(姿态) of respect for the other side. ” 2.(2025年全国高考二卷)I’ve experienced things that really surprise me at times. The “sunshine scent(香味)” of freshly sunned clothes ___41___(be) one of them. 3.(2025年全国高考二卷)If you’ve never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt ___45___(leave) to sun for a day, well, you’re missing out on one of life’s wonders. 4.(2025年1月浙江首考)The concept ___62___(be) certainly not new — men have been renting good suits for decades — but for female shoppers, it is just taking off. 5.(2025年1月浙江首考)By the time you brushed your teeth, you ___15___(make) several decisions even without noticing. Some choices are quick, while others take more thought. Usually, better outcomes ___16___(achieve) through a thorough understanding of strategies like risk tolerance. 6.(2024年新高考I卷)Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ________(walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time. 7.(2024年新高考II卷)“Some of the things that Tang was writing about ________(be)also Shakespeare’s concerns. 8.(2024年浙江卷1月)Over the last two years, some supermarkets ________(start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions(份). 9.(2024年全国甲卷)They ________(be)part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. 10.(2024年新高考II卷)Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, ________(build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. 11.(2024年浙江卷1月)However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes ________(offer) in smaller packs. Even the biggest sausage fan doesn’t want to eat them every day. 12.(2024年全国甲卷)What should ________(do)with such a beautiful place? 13.(2023年新高考II卷)As a little girl, I ________(wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. 14.(2023年浙江卷1月)The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often ________(feature)beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子). 15.(2023年全国乙卷)She put the new color on her hair and sat still for 30 minutes, just as the directions said. 16.(2023年浙江卷1月)Citizens of higher social classes ________(permit)to live closer to the center of the circles. 17.(2023年全国甲卷)Carson proves that a simple lyric form that has been passed down through the ages can still ________(employ) today to draw attention to important truths. 18.(2023年全国乙卷)Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I ________(amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage(遗产) while constantly growing. Passage 1 (2025届江苏省苏州市八校联考高三下学期三模适应性检测)In a workshop in Yingshan County, central China, German scholar Fabian Schrodt carefully pressed paper onto inked clay(黏土) blocks, 1 (recreate) an 11th-century invention from ancient China — Bi Sheng’s movable type printing. His hands-on experience at the Bi Sheng Memorial Hall brought to life the ingenuity of the Song Dynasty inventor. Bi Sheng’s clay-type system, which predated(早于) German printer Johannes Gutenberg’s metal press 2 400 years, 3 (recognize) as the earliest recorded movable type printing in human history. Thousands of miles away in Mainz, Germany, visitors to the Gutenberg Museum have also encountered a similar sense of historic 4 (innovate). While Gutenberg’s 15th-century metal type printing press famously 5 (revolutionize) Europe, Ulf Sölter, director of Mainz’s Gutenberg Museum, acknowledges an 6 (early) pioneer. “Bi and Gutenberg’s inventions were conceptually similar — namely, breaking down individual works into their individual components — but Bi came up with 7 idea long before Gutenberg,” said Sölter. For Schrodt, who spent an afternoon learning from Wang Kui — an intangible cultural inheritor of Bi’s movable type printing — such preservation is extremely 8 (value). “Technological advancements can lead to a degradation(退化) of collective knowledge,” Schrodt noted. “Wang’s dedication to 9 (preserve) Bi’s legacy serves a crucial purpose: ensuring that humanity does not reach a point 10 we possess the technology for interstellar travel but cannot rebuild it once lost, simply because no one knows how.” Passage 2 (2025届江苏省南京市、盐城市高三第三次模拟考试(三模))On Oct. 20, 2021, the flame for the 2022 Winter Olympic Games arrived in Beijing, 11 (carry) a message of peace and union. Witnessed by many people, the flame drew crowds of audiences as it was escorted(护送) by volunteers into a ceremony, 12 was held at Beijing’s Olympic Tower. The flame, lit on Monday in Greece — the birthplace of the Olympics, 13 (transport) to Beijing on Wednesday morning by air. This is the first time that China 14 (host) the Winter Olympic Games. Compared to Tokyo’s Olympics prevention measures, those in Beijing 2022 were even 15 (strict). Games organizers have cut back the traditional torch(火炬) relay to a small event due to COVID-19. The relay was scheduled from Feb. 2 to Feb. 4, with the route connecting landmarks, historical sites and major tourism 16 (attraction) in Beijing and Zhangjiakou. The shortened torch relay with 17 (reduce) crowds, helped ensure the health and 18 (safe) of all judges and athletes. 19 is certain that the torch relay, as a cultural part of the Olympic Games, plays an important role 20 promoting the host’s international image while spreading the message of peace, union, friendship and health. Passage 3 (2025届江苏省常州市天宁区常州市第一中学高三下学期三模)Since 21 (discover) Chinese toy company Pop Mart a year ago, Carrillo has bought nearly 100 of its products, many of which she gives as gifts to friends and family. Her love for the brand has sent her on a hunt for its characters, including travelling to Singapore for just 24 hours in hopes of finding a limited edition. And Carrillo isn’t alone. 22 search of “Pop Mart” on TikTok renders hundreds of thousands of hauls and unboxing videos. Fans have flocked overseas to look for sold out or 23 (exclude) products at different Pop Mart stores and some groups of lovers on Facebook and We Chat trade 24 (update) on when the brand comes out with new lines or restocks its products. 25 Pop Mart distinguishes itself from both domestic and international competitors is in reading the mood of its consumers, Ashley Dudarenok, who runs a consumer research consultancy, tells us. Whether it’s a desire to escape, or exhaustion from work or school, Pop Mart customers are buying more than just a toy, they’re buying something 26 (symbol) of themselves. “They’re often essentially useless”, says scholar Erica Kanesaka, “but they add a sense of 27 (vibrant) and imagination to our mundane activities and environments.” Relatability seems to be a big part of cultivating fandom for different characters. Carillo says she 28 (draw) to the CryBaby series because she thinks of herself as a cry baby. Pop Mart’s strengths fit into the very client-oriented marketing model 29 incorporates client psychology and storytelling. “ 30 truly matters is how a brand makes clients feel.” luxury brand strategy expert Daniel Langer wrote last August. Passage 4 (2025届江苏省南通市等苏北七市(宿迁、连云港、淮安、扬州、泰州、盐城、徐州)高三下学期第三次调研测试) Chinese Landscape Painting For thousands of years, landscape paintings, or Shan Shui Hua, have been a major part of Chinese art. Chinese artists don’t usually paint real places 31 imaginary, idealized landscapes. In China, mountains 32 (associate) with religion because they reach up towards the heavens. People therefore believe that looking at paintings of mountains is good for the soul. Landscape paintings are seen as an 33 (extend) of calligraphy. The colors are restrained and the paintings are usually created in ink on paper, with a small amount of watercolor. They are mounted(装裱) on silk 34 different formats such as handscrolls, album leaves and fan paintings. By the late Tang Dynasty, landscape painting had evolved into an independent genre. The genre of such an art form was taken to extreme 35 (height), with painters expressing their desire to be at one with nature. There have been long-held arguments over 36 landscape painting in China was the first one to bring this art form to life, but many art critics do believe in The Nymph of the Luo River to be the first of its kind. The painting has stood as symbols of man’s 37 (hide) desire to be united with nature. Images of nature 38 (remain) a source of inspiration for artists down to the present day. Chinese 39 (art) expression is deeply imprinted with images of the natural world. The paintings are also a true portrayal of their artists’ inner feelings and thoughts as well as struggles. 40 (view) Chinese landscape paintings, we should never stop appreciating and understanding the extraordinary beauty of Chinese landscape art. Passage 5 (2025届江苏省盐城中学高三下学期三模)People have always had a dream of exploring outer space and with the help of scientists, their dream, 41 was once considered to be impossible, is turning into reality. Scientists carried out many experiments and successfully made rockets that could escape the earths gravity. In 1961, Yuri Gagarin from the USSR became the first person 42 (send) into space and in 1969 Neil Armstrong from the US set foot on the moon, 43 (say) “That’s one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind.” 44 the great achievements, sometimes accidents did happen, resulting in huge losses. 45 , scientists are determined to further explore the universe. One ongoing project is the International Space Station orbiting the earth. 46 (compare) with the USSR and the US, China started later in its space program, but it has made huge progress. So far, several astronauts, including Yang Liwei, 47 (be) to space. China has also launched the Tiangong 2 space lab, 48 (mark) a huge step in its effort to establish 49 space station. It 50 (believe) that the future of space exploration is bright thanks to the efforts of the scientists all over the world. Passage 6 (2025届江苏省南京市高三下学期第二次模拟考试)With the rapid rise of e-commerce over the past decade, China's physical shopping environment is no longer just about making purchases, as more and more people are going to malls 51 (mere) to window shop. Having noticed this trend, department stores and shopping malls are starting to focus more on providing things that people can't buy online — the shopping experience 52 (it) — by rolling work, play, dining and entertainment into 53 place called Fusion Hub. Mall owners are becoming increasingly creative today, some having their properties 54 (transform) into modern art spaces 55 exhibitions, art shows, performances and lectures are held. Others are hosting food and drink fairs. Still others offer visitors the experience of an outdoor sightseeing tour, 56 (model) themselves after famous landmarks. Innovation in the retail(零售) field comes in many forms. One common trend is 57 malls are shifting from being retail-centered to becoming more human-centered, with a focus on creating spaces that are closely integrated into their surrounding communities. Some have set up 58 (maintain) stations to handle repairs, while others have launched school drop-off and pickup services to better meet the needs of local residents. The future of shopping centers 59 (lie) in becoming lively community centers that are less 60 shopping than about promoting an all-round lifestyle experience. Passage 7 (2025届江苏省常州市金坛区第一中学高三下学期二模)Chinese artificial intelligence start-up DeepSeek has introduced a novel approach to improving the reasoning capabilities of large language models(LLMs), 61 the public awaiting the release of the company’s next-generation model. In collaboration with researchers from Tsinghua University. DeepSeek developed a technique that combines methods 62 (refer) to as generative reward modelling(GRM) and self-principled critique tuning, according to a paper published on Friday. The dual approach aims to enable LLMs 63 (deliver) better and faster results to general queries. The 64 (result) DeepSeek-GRM models outperformed existing methods, having “achieved 65 (compete) performance” with strong public reward models, the researchers wrote. Reward modelling is a process that guides an LLM towards human 66 (prefer). DeepSeek said the company 67 (intend) to make the GRM models open source, according to the researchers, but they did not give a timeline. The academic paper, published on the online scientific paper repository arXiv, comes amid speculation(推测) about the start-up’s next move, 68 (follow) the global attention acquired by the firm’s latest V3 foundation model and RI reasoning model. Reuters reported last month that DeepSeek-R2. the successor to R1, could be released as soon as this month, as 69 company rushes to expand. The release of DeepSeek-R1 rocked the global tech community with its cost-efficient performance 70 matched leading models. Passage 8 (2025届江苏省南通市学科基地高三下学期第二次大联考)With spring arriving in Shanghai and flowers blooming across the city, the annual Huazhao Festival is attracting visitors in a modern, dynamic way. The flower festival, 71 (date) back over 2,000 years, is held in the second month of the lunar calendar 72 (celebrate) the flower goddess’ birthday. According to various ancient 73 (belief), the flower goddess controls human reproduction, and celebrating her birthday has become 74 custom to bring prosperity. This year’s festival offers visitors a feast, things that please the mind or the senses, 75 the eyes and ears. Colorful light shows, parades of performers dressed as the flower goddess, 76 dance and musical performances are taking place at landmarks within Yuyuan. In 77 (add) to the innovative technologies and eye-catching shows, a lot of interactive activities 78 (offer) during the festival, 79 (specific) targeting young audiences. Working with the makeup team of Xiaohongshu(RedNote), the festival includes a market 80 visitors enjoy immersive experiences such as s traditional makeup, fragrance sachet-making, flower hair-pinning and poetry writing. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题01 谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致 --语法填空(有提示词) 01 思维导图—考法一览无余。 02 解题步骤--解题思路清,三年高考真题让学生了解高考，开悟快。 03 真题模拟集训—精选最新江苏各地模拟题与高考要求同步,适应学生需求。 语法填空中，提示词是动词，且空格位于主语之后，分析句子成分后发现句中找不到谓语，则所给动词应该作谓语，此时要结合语境考虑动词的时态和语态变化。 I.如何确定谓语动词的时态 1.通过“时态定义”解决时态问题 准确理解常考时态的定义是做题的根本。 2.通过“标志性时间状语”解决时态问题 在题干中，yesterday, tomorrow, always, in the past few years, so far等都是判断动词时态常用的标志性时间状语，做题时可以通过寻找“标志性时间状语”来判定时态。 3.通过“动作先后关系”解决时态问题 当句中有两个或两个以上的动词时，它们的发生时间有一定的先后关系。我们可以根据这种先后关系来判定时态。 4.通过“语境暗示”解决时态问题 有些题目在时间状语和其他参照物都不明显的情况下，通过正确理解语境即通过题干中的语境暗示，也是解决时态问题的一条行之有效的方法。 5. 通过“常用句式”解决时态问题 掌握常用句式也是解决时态问题的快速且行之有效的方式，因此平时要积累并熟记一些常用句式。 It is the first/second /… time that sb. has done (现在完成时) It was the first/second/… time that sb. had done (过去完成时) Sb. was doing sth. when… did… (过去进行时和一般过去时) Hardly had sb. done sth. when…did… (过去完成时和一般过去时) Sb. was about to do sth. when… did… (一般过去时) It's(high) time that sb. did/should do… (虚拟语气特殊时态) 例题解析 1. There ________(be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years, causing largely by rising global temperatures, according to a new report from the United Nations. 【答案】has been 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：根据联合国的一份新报告，过去20年里，极端天气事件的数量急剧增加，这在很大程度上是由全球气温上升造成的。根据时间状语over the past 20 years可知，此处使用现在完成时，主语a dramatic rise是单数感念，助动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填has been。 2. This device, however ________(use) a thermoelectric generator, which creates energy from differences in temperature. 【答案】uses 【详解】考查时态。句意：然而，这一设备使用了一个热电发电机，利用温差产生能量。此处this device作主语，为单数，与谓语动词use之间为主动关系，且根据后文的creates可知，此处陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，故填uses。 3. Wang was born and grew up in America, but she ________(build) solid ties with Chinese culture since she was a little girl. 【答案】has built 【详解】考查时态。句意：王女士出生并长在美国，但是从她是个小女孩的时候，她就和中国文化产生了牢固的联系。此处主语为she，build为谓语动词，主语she与build之间为主动关系，且根据后文的时间状语从句since she was a little girl可知，此处应用现在完成时，故填has built。 4. Up to now, China ________(establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves. 【答案】has established 【详解】考查时态。句意：到目前为止，中国已经建立了一些红树林保护区。由Up to now(到目前为止)可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语是China，助动词应用has，故填has established。 II. 如何确定谓语动词的语态 确定谓语动词的语态，需要在弄懂句子基本意思的前提下才能完成。分析语境，弄明白所给动词与其对应的主语之间的逻辑关系是确定谓语动词语态的关键。如果所给动词的主语是这个动作的执行者，该动词就用主动语态；如所给动词的主语是这个动词的承受者，该动词就用被动语态。 【温馨提示】平时多积累、掌握一些动词(短语)不用于进行时和被动语态，例如belong to不用于进行时和被动语态；date back to/date from常用于一般现在时等。 例题解析 1. WED ________(create) in 1972 by the United Nations General Assembly. The environment wasn’t such a big issue back then. 【答案】was created 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：世界环境日由联合国大会于1972年创立。根据时间状语in 1972可知，用一般过去时。主语WED是单数，与create之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was created。 2. The American superstar ________(spot) with a young physically-challenged Qatari boy, Al Muftah. The boy was born with a rare condition known as CRS. 【答案】was spotted 【详解】考查动词语态。句意：这这位美国巨星被拍到与一名年轻的卡塔尔残疾男孩Al Muftah在一起。这名男孩出生时患有一种罕见的CRS。分析句子可知，spot作谓语，与主语superstar是被动关系，且主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数，讲述过去发生的事情用一般过去时，故填was spotted。 3. Single-use plastic bags are used at most a few times before they ________(throw) away. 【答案】are thrown 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：一次性塑料袋在扔掉之前最多使用几次。本文讲的是客观事实，应该用一般现在时，主语they(Single-use plastic bags )和谓语动词throw之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，且谓语动词用复数形式。故填are thrown。 4. In the experiment, the-researchers first /measured how many tears ________(produce) by dogs when they were just spending time at home with their owners. 【答案】were produced 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：在实验中，研究人员首先测量了狗狗在家里和主人在一起的时候会流出多少眼泪。根据“they were”可知，主句为一般过去时，主语tears与谓语produce为被动关系。故填were produced。 III. “主谓一致”三原则 (1)语法一致原则:主语的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数。 (2)意义一致原则:形式上是单数、意义上是复数的名司作主语，或者形式上是复数、意义上是单数的名词作主语，谓语动词的数由主语所表示的意义来确定。 (3)就近原则:由并列结构连接的名词成分作主语时，谓语动词的数要和离它最近的主语保持一致。 例题解析 1. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ________(be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. 【答案】were 【详解】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在that引导的限制性定语从句中作谓语，先行词为a significant number of areas，先行词在从句中作主语，根据“previously(之前地)”可知从句的时态应为一般过去时，根据主谓一致，从句主语复数，从句谓语复数形式。故填were。 2. I kept going. Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I'd send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to ________(be) Alaska Airlines Paris. 【答案】was 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我给写信的最大的公司之一是巴黎阿拉斯加航空公司。 根据定语从句的谓语动词“wrote” 可知这里描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时；one of + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数结构中，谓语动词用单数，所以填was。 3. What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it ________(be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. 【答案】was 【详解】考查主谓一致和时态。主语是第三人称单数it，时间状语是then，所以用was。 【温馨提示】考查谓语的特别情况 有时语法填空中考查谓语不是完全的谓语缺失，而是谓语部分不完全，通常包括系表结构中考查系动词，或设空处在情态动词后，考查空处的语态。还有动词的虚拟语气(不常考)。 1.虚拟语气在非真实条件从句中的用法 情况 从句谓语动词 主句谓语动词 与现在事实相反 动词的过去式(be的过去式用were) should/would/could/might+动词原形 与过去事实相反 had done should/would/could/might+have done 与将来事实相反 动词的过去式、should+动词原形、were to+动词原形 should/would/could/might+动词原形 2.虚拟语气在某些从句中的运用 (1)在suggest, order, demand, command, request, require, insist, desire, urge, recommend等动词后的宾语从句中，要用“(should+)动词原形”来表示愿望、建议、命令、要求等；由上述动词派生或转化的名词的同位语从句或表语从句中也要用相应的虚拟形式。 (2)在“It is/was+某些形容词/过去分词+that从句”句型中，that从句常用虚拟语气，即谓语动词为“should+动词原形”。这些形容词有important, vital, significant, necessary, natural, strange, astonishing, surprising等。过去分词有desired, suggested, required, requested, recommended, ordered等。 (3)在“It is(about/high) time+that从句”中，谓语动词常用过去式或“should+动词原形”表示虚拟语气。这个句型中的should不可省略。 (4)在as if/as though引导的从句及wish引导的宾语从句中，与现在事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去式；与过去事实相反，从句谓语动词用“had+过去分词”；与将来事实相反，从句谓语动词用“would/could+动词原形”。 (5)在would rather后面的宾语从句中，表示与现在或将来事实相反，从句用一般过去时；表示与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。 三年高考真题演练 1.(2025年全国高考一卷)“The players’ personalities ___57___(reveal) during the game, and one’s weaknesses are exposed to the opponent,” she adds. “A decent winner always ___58___(try) to beat the opponent by no more than one or two points as a gesture(姿态) of respect for the other side. ” 【57答案】are revealed 【57解析】考查动词语态。句意：她补充说：“玩家的个性在游戏中显露出来，一个人的弱点会暴露给对手。”本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，且主语The players’ personalities与动词reveal“揭示，显示”为被动关系，所以空处需用一般现在时态的被动语态，主语为复数，be动词用are。故填are revealed。 【58答案】tries 【58解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：一个不错的赢家总是尽力以仅仅一两分的优势击败对手，以表示对对方的尊重。根据always可知，本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语a decent winner为第三人称单数，所以谓语需用try“尽力”的第三人称单数tries。故填tries。 2.(2025年全国高考二卷)I’ve experienced things that really surprise me at times. The “sunshine scent(香味)” of freshly sunned clothes ___41___(be) one of them. 【答案】is 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：晒过的衣服的“阳光的味道”就是其中之一。本句描述的是一般事实，时态用一般现在时，且主语The “sunshine scent(香味)” of freshly sunned clothes为第三人称单数，be动词用is。故填is。 3.(2025年全国高考二卷)If you’ve never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt ___45___(leave) to sun for a day, well, you’re missing out on one of life’s wonders. 【答案】left 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你从未体验过在阳光下晾晒了一整天的床单或衬衫散发的“阳光的味道”，那么你就错过了生活中的一大奇观。本句已有谓语have experienced，此处应用非谓语动词，a sheet or shirt和leave“使处于某种状态”之间是逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填left。 4.(2025年1月浙江首考)The concept ___62___(be) certainly not new — men have been renting good suits for decades — but for female shoppers, it is just taking off. 【答案】is 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这个概念当然并不新鲜——几十年来，男性一直在租赁优质西装——但对于女性购物者来说，它才刚刚兴起。系动词be作谓语，句子陈述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，主语The concept是单数名词，谓语动词用单数形式is。故填is。 5.(2025年1月浙江首考)By the time you brushed your teeth, you ___15___(make) several decisions even without noticing. Some choices are quick, while others take more thought. Usually, better outcomes ___16___(achieve) through a thorough understanding of strategies like risk tolerance. 【答案】had made 【15解析】考查时态。句意：当你刷牙的时候，你甚至在不知不觉中已经做了好几个决定。根据时间状语“By the time you brushed your teeth”可知，此处表示在过去某一时间点之前已经完成的动作，时态应用过去完成时，谓语用had made。故填had made。 【答案】are achieved 【16解析】 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：通常，通过充分了解风险承受能力等策略，可以取得更好的结果。根据时间状语“Usually”可知，此处表示经常性、习惯性的动作，时态应用一般现在时；主语better outcomes和动词achieve“实现”之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态；主语better outcomes是复数，be动词应用are。故填are achieved。 6.(2024年新高考I卷)Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ________(walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time. 【答案】walks 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：此外，围绕温室的丝绸之路花园带领游客走过一段受古丝绸之路影响的旅程。walk sb. through，意为“带领某人穿过……”，空处为本句谓语动词，根据上文可知，本句时态为一般现在时，主语the Silk Route Garden为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填walks。 7.(2024年新高考II卷)“Some of the things that Tang was writing about ________(be)also Shakespeare’s concerns. 【答案】were 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“汤显祖所写的一些内容也是莎士比亚所关心的。我碰巧知道汤显祖的戏剧《牡丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。”这里为本句谓语动词，根据句意以及定语从句时态可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“some of the things”，复数。故填were。 8.(2024年浙江卷1月)Over the last two years, some supermarkets ________(start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions(份). 【答案】have started 【解析】考查现在完成时。句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，拆分成两份。根据“Over the last two years”可知，此处应用现在完成时。动词start意为“开始”。故填have started。 9.(2024年全国甲卷)They ________(be)part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. 【答案】were 【解析】考查时态。句意：他们是一个由15人组成的探险队的一部分，他们花了近五个星期的时间来见证那里的自然美景。本空前They指代上文提及的四个男人，时间为1870年，同时联系后文had spent的过去完成时可知，本空时态为过去式且为复数形式，故填were。 10.(2024年新高考II卷)Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, ________(build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. 【答案】was built 【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。这里为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“Two years later”可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“a six-meter-tall pavilion”，单数，和动词“build”之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was built。 11.(2024年浙江卷1月)However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes ________(offer) in smaller packs. Even the biggest sausage fan doesn’t want to eat them every day. 【答案】be offered 【解析】考查含有情态动词的被动语态。句意：然而，虽然一包香肠能便宜几美分是件好事，但如果有时能以小包装出售，那就更好了。动词offer意为“提供”，和主语构成被动关系，主语they代指前文中的sausages。在情态动词could后动词应用原形。故填be offered。 12.(2024年全国甲卷)What should ________(do)with such a beautiful place? 【答案】be done 【解析】考查被动语态。句意：对于这样一个美丽的地方，我们应该做些什么呢？主语what指物，与谓语动词do是被动关系，情态动词should后接be done构成被动语态，故填be done。 13.(2023年新高考II卷)As a little girl, I ________(wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. 【答案】wished 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：作为一个小女孩，我希望长大后成为一名动物园管理员。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以wish作本句谓语，和主语I之间是主动关系，根据后文的grew可知用一般过去时。故填wished。 14.(2023年浙江卷1月)The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often ________(feature)beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子). 【答案】featured 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：这些高级官员和有钱商人的高大的四合院，通常以雕刻精美和被粉刷的房顶横梁和柱子为特点。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填谓语动词，再结合上下文时态可知，空格处应用一般过去时。故填featured。 15.(2023年全国乙卷)She put the new color on her hair and sat still for 30 minutes, just as the directions said. 【答案】saying → said 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：她把头发染成新的颜色，静静地坐了30分钟，就像说明书上说的那样。as引导方式状语从句，由语境可知，句子陈述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故saying改为said。 16.(2023年浙江卷1月)Citizens of higher social classes ________(permit)to live closer to the center of the circles. 【答案】were permitted 【详解】考查动词的被动语态。句意：高等阶层的公民被允许住在离中心地带更近的地方。分析句子结构可知，空格处在句中作谓语，和主语Citizens of higher social classes构成被动关系，因为是对过去事实的陈述应用一般过去时。故填were permitted。 17.(2023年全国甲卷)Carson proves that a simple lyric form that has been passed down through the ages can still ________(employ) today to draw attention to important truths. 【答案】be employed 【解析】考查语态。句意：卡森证明了一种简单的抒情形式，已经代代相传，今天仍然可以用来吸引人们对重要真理的关注。从句主语a simple lyric form与employ之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。情态动词can后接动词原形。故填be employed。 18.(2023年全国乙卷)Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I ________(amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage(遗产) while constantly growing. 【答案】was amazed 【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：在过去的10年里，我多次访问北京，我惊讶于这里的新旧共存，惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为本句谓语动词，根据下文“how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage(遗产) while constantly growing.”可知，本句用一般过去时；主语I和动词amaze之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was amazed。 Passage 1 (2025届江苏省苏州市八校联考高三下学期三模适应性检测)In a workshop in Yingshan County, central China, German scholar Fabian Schrodt carefully pressed paper onto inked clay(黏土) blocks, 1 (recreate) an 11th-century invention from ancient China — Bi Sheng’s movable type printing. His hands-on experience at the Bi Sheng Memorial Hall brought to life the ingenuity of the Song Dynasty inventor. Bi Sheng’s clay-type system, which predated(早于) German printer Johannes Gutenberg’s metal press 2 400 years, 3 (recognize) as the earliest recorded movable type printing in human history. Thousands of miles away in Mainz, Germany, visitors to the Gutenberg Museum have also encountered a similar sense of historic 4 (innovate). While Gutenberg’s 15th-century metal type printing press famously 5 (revolutionize) Europe, Ulf Sölter, director of Mainz’s Gutenberg Museum, acknowledges an 6 (early) pioneer. “Bi and Gutenberg’s inventions were conceptually similar — namely, breaking down individual works into their individual components — but Bi came up with 7 idea long before Gutenberg,” said Sölter. For Schrodt, who spent an afternoon learning from Wang Kui — an intangible cultural inheritor of Bi’s movable type printing — such preservation is extremely 8 (value). “Technological advancements can lead to a degradation(退化) of collective knowledge,” Schrodt noted. “Wang’s dedication to 9 (preserve) Bi’s legacy serves a crucial purpose: ensuring that humanity does not reach a point 10 we possess the technology for interstellar travel but cannot rebuild it once lost, simply because no one knows how.” 【答案】 1. recreating 2. by 3. was recognized 4. innovation 5. revolutionized 6. earlier 7. the 8. valuable 9. preserving 10. where 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了德国学者法比安·施罗德在中国英山县体验毕昇活字印刷术的经历，对比了毕昇与古腾堡印刷术的异同，以及对这一古老技艺传承的意义。 1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在中国中部英山县的一个工作坊里，德国学者法比安·施罗德小心翼翼地将纸张压在涂墨的黏土块上，重现了中国古代11世纪的一项发明——毕昇的活字印刷术。本句已有谓语“pressed”，设空处为非谓语动词。设空处在句中作伴随状语，动词“recreate”与其逻辑主语“Fabian Schrodt”之间为主动关系，应用现在分词。故填recreating。 2. 考查介词。句意：毕昇的泥字印刷系统比德国印刷商约翰内斯·古腾堡的金属印刷机早400年，被公认为人类历史上最早有记录的活字印刷术。“predate...by+时间”为固定搭配，表示“比……早多长时间”，故填by。 3. 考查动词时态和语态。句意：毕昇的泥字印刷系统比德国印刷商约翰内斯·古腾堡的金属印刷机早400年，被公认为人类历史上最早有记录的活字印刷术。主语Bi Sheng’s clay-type system与谓语动词recognize为被动关系，且描述过去的历史事实，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数。故填was recognized。 4. 考查名词。句意：在数千英里外的德国美因茨，参观古腾堡博物馆的游客也感受到了类似的历史创新感。形容词historic后接名词，innovate的名词形式为innovation意为“创新”，此处表抽象概念，用单数，作宾语。故填innovation。 5. 考查动词时态。句意：尽管古腾堡15 世纪的金属活字印刷机闻名遐迩，彻底革新了欧洲，但美因茨古腾堡博物馆馆长乌尔夫・索尔特承认，存在一位更早的先驱。根据主语“Gutenberg’s 15th-century metal type printing press”可知，此处描述过去发生的事，谓语动词revolutionize用一般过去时。故填revolutionized。 6. 考查形容词比较级。句意：尽管古腾堡15 世纪的金属活字印刷机闻名遐迩，彻底革新了欧洲，但美因茨古腾堡博物馆馆长乌尔夫・索尔特承认，存在一位更早的先驱。此处为形容词作定语修饰名词pioneer，根据语境，毕昇比古腾堡更早，用early的比较级earlier。故填earlier。 7. 考查冠词。句意：索尔特说：“毕(昇)和古腾堡的发明在概念上相似 —— 即把独立的作品分解成单个组件 —— 但毕(昇)远比古腾堡早提出这一想法。”结合语境可知，此处特指“分解个体作品为单个组件”的想法，用定冠词the表特指。故填the。 8. 考查形容词。句意：对施罗德特来说，在向毕昇活字印刷的非物质文化传承人王魁(音译)学习了一个下午后，这种传承工作极具价值。系动词is后接形容词作表语，value的形容词形式为valuable意为“有价值的”符合句意。故填valuable。 9. 考查非谓语动词。句意：王(魁)致力于保护毕昇的遗产，这有着至关重要的意义：它确保人类不会陷入这样的境地 —— 我们拥有星际旅行的技术，但若一旦失传却无法重建，仅仅因为无人知晓如何操作。固定搭配“dedication to doing sth.”中，to为介词，后接动名词形式。故填preserving。 10. 考查定语从句。句意：王(魁)致力于保护毕昇的遗产，这有着至关重要的意义：它确保人类不会陷入这样的境地 —— 我们拥有星际旅行的技术，但若一旦失传却无法重建，仅仅因为无人知晓如何操作。此处为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词为point，表抽象地点，关系词替代先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导。故填where。 Passage 2 (2025届江苏省南京市、盐城市高三第三次模拟考试(三模))On Oct. 20, 2021, the flame for the 2022 Winter Olympic Games arrived in Beijing, 11 (carry) a message of peace and union. Witnessed by many people, the flame drew crowds of audiences as it was escorted(护送) by volunteers into a ceremony, 12 was held at Beijing’s Olympic Tower. The flame, lit on Monday in Greece — the birthplace of the Olympics, 13 (transport) to Beijing on Wednesday morning by air. This is the first time that China 14 (host) the Winter Olympic Games. Compared to Tokyo’s Olympics prevention measures, those in Beijing 2022 were even 15 (strict). Games organizers have cut back the traditional torch(火炬) relay to a small event due to COVID-19. The relay was scheduled from Feb. 2 to Feb. 4, with the route connecting landmarks, historical sites and major tourism 16 (attraction) in Beijing and Zhangjiakou. The shortened torch relay with 17 (reduce) crowds, helped ensure the health and 18 (safe) of all judges and athletes. 19 is certain that the torch relay, as a cultural part of the Olympic Games, plays an important role 20 promoting the host’s international image while spreading the message of peace, union, friendship and health. 【答案】 11. carrying 12. which 13. was transported 14. has hosted 15. stricter 16. attractions 17. reduced 18. safety 19. It 20. in 【语篇导读】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了火炬传递计划事宜和它的意义。 11. 考查现在分词。句意：2021年10月20日，2022届冬季奥运会的火炬抵达北京，传递了和平与联盟的信息。本句已有谓语arrived且无连词，动词carry用非谓语形式，逻辑主语the flame与动词carry是主谓关系，carry用现在分词(doing)表主动，作状语。故填carrying。 12. 考查定语从句关系词。句意：在许多人的见证下，在志愿者的护送下，火炬吸引了大批观众，在北京奥林匹克大厦举行了仪式。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为ceremony，指物，在从句中作主语，用关系代词which。故填which。 13. 考查时态和语态。句意：火炬于周一在奥运会发源地希腊点燃，并于周三上午空运至北京。此处缺乏谓语，结合时间状语on Wednesday morning可知，此处用一般过去时，主语The flame与谓语动词transport之间是被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语The flame为单数形式，谓语单数形式。故填was transported。 14. 考查时态。句意：这是中国首次举办冬奥会。固定句式this is the first time that....表示“这是第一次……”，其中that引导的从句中要用现在完成时，从句主语为China，从句谓语动词用三单形式。故填has hosted。 15. 考查比较级。句意：与东京的奥运会预防措施相比，2022年北京奥运会的预防措施更加严格。结合“Compared to Tokyo’s Olympics prevention measures”(含比较含义)和even +比较级可知，此处用形容词strict的比较级表示“更严格的”。故填stricter。 16. 考查名词复数。句意：火炬传递计划于2月2日至2月4日进行，路线连接北京和张家口的地标、历史遗迹和主要旅游景点。此处表示不止一个景点，用名词attraction的复数形式表泛指。故填attractions。 17. 考查过去分词。句意：缩短了火炬接力时间，减少了人群，有助于确保所有裁判和运动员的健康和安全。本句已有谓语helped且无连词，动词reduce用非谓语形式，逻辑主语crowds与动词reduce是动宾关系，用过去分词表被动，作定语。故填reduced。 18. 考查名词。句意：缩短了火炬接力时间，减少了人群，有助于确保所有裁判和运动员的健康和安全。此处用不可数名词safety与health并列，作ensure的宾语，故填safety。 19. 考查形式主语。句意：可以肯定的是，火炬传递作为奥运会文化的一部分，在传播和平、团结、友谊和健康的信息的同时，对提升东道主的国际形象发挥着重要作用。此处用it作形式主语，that引导的从句作真正的主语，首字母大写。故填It。 20. 考查固定搭配。句意：可以肯定的是，火炬传递作为奥运会文化的一部分，在传播和平、团结、友谊和健康的信息的同时，对提升东道主的国际形象发挥着重要作用。play an important role in表示“在……起到重要作用”。故填in。 Passage 3 (2025届江苏省常州市天宁区常州市第一中学高三下学期三模)Since 21 (discover) Chinese toy company Pop Mart a year ago, Carrillo has bought nearly 100 of its products, many of which she gives as gifts to friends and family. Her love for the brand has sent her on a hunt for its characters, including travelling to Singapore for just 24 hours in hopes of finding a limited edition. And Carrillo isn’t alone. 22 search of “Pop Mart” on TikTok renders hundreds of thousands of hauls and unboxing videos. Fans have flocked overseas to look for sold out or 23 (exclude) products at different Pop Mart stores and some groups of lovers on Facebook and We Chat trade 24 (update) on when the brand comes out with new lines or restocks its products. 25 Pop Mart distinguishes itself from both domestic and international competitors is in reading the mood of its consumers, Ashley Dudarenok, who runs a consumer research consultancy, tells us. Whether it’s a desire to escape, or exhaustion from work or school, Pop Mart customers are buying more than just a toy, they’re buying something 26 (symbol) of themselves. “They’re often essentially useless”, says scholar Erica Kanesaka, “but they add a sense of 27 (vibrant) and imagination to our mundane activities and environments.” Relatability seems to be a big part of cultivating fandom for different characters. Carillo says she 28 (draw) to the CryBaby series because she thinks of herself as a cry baby. Pop Mart’s strengths fit into the very client-oriented marketing model 29 incorporates client psychology and storytelling. “ 30 truly matters is how a brand makes clients feel.” luxury brand strategy expert Daniel Langer wrote last August. 【答案】 21. discovering 22. A 23. exclusive 24. updates 25. Where 26. symbolic 27. vibrancy 28. is drawn 29. that/which 30. What 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国玩具公司泡泡玛特(Pop Mart)在海外受到的欢迎以及其产品特点。 21. 考查非谓语动词。句意：自从一年前发现中国玩具公司泡泡玛特以来，卡里略已经购买了近100件其产品，其中许多她作为礼物送给朋友和家人。此处since为介词，后接discover的动名词形式discovering作宾语。故填discovering。 22. 考查冠词。句意：在TikTok上搜索“泡泡玛特”，会出现成千上万条购物和开箱视频。“in search of”为固定短语，意为“寻找，搜寻”，且位于句首，首字母需大写。故填A。 23. 考查形容词。句意：粉丝们蜂拥到海外，在不同的泡泡玛特商店寻找售罄或限量的产品，脸书和微信上的一些粉丝群会分享品牌推出新系列或补货的最新动态。此处与“sold out”并列，修饰名词products，应用形容词exclusive，意为“限量的，独有的”。故填exclusive。 24. 考查名词复数。句意：同上。此处作动词trade的宾语，update作“更新信息”讲时为可数名词，此处泛指各类更新，应用复数形式。故填updates。 25. 考查主语从句。句意：经营一家消费者研究咨询公司的阿什莉·杜达雷诺克告诉我们，泡泡玛特区别于国内外竞争对手的地方在于它能洞察消费者的情绪。此处引导主语从句，从句中缺少地点状语，应用where引导，且位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Where。 26. 考查形容词。句意：泡泡玛特的顾客购买的不仅仅是玩具，他们购买的是象征自己的东西。此处作后置定语，修饰something，应用形容词symbolic，“something symbolic of...”意为“象征……的事物”。故填symbolic。 27. 考查名词。句意：学者埃丽卡·卡内萨卡说，“它们本质上通常是无用的，但它们为我们的日常活动和环境增添了一种活力和想象力”。此处作介词of的宾语，应用名词vibrancy，意为“活力”。故填vibrancy。 28. 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：卡里略说，她被CryBaby系列所吸引，因为她认为自己是个爱哭鬼。此处为从句谓语动词，根据主句谓语动词says可知，此处应用一般现在时，主语she和动词draw之间为被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，be动词用is。故填is drawn。 29. 考查定语从句。句意：泡泡玛特的优势契合以客户为导向的营销模式，该模式融合了客户心理学和讲故事。此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为model，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which引导。故填that/which。 30. 考查主语从句。句意：去年8月，奢侈品品牌战略专家丹尼尔·兰格写道：“真正重要的是一个品牌如何让客户有感觉。”此处引导主语从句，从句中缺少主语，应用what引导，指代“真正重要的东西”，且位于句首，首字母需大写。故填What。 Passage 4 (2025届江苏省南通市等苏北七市(宿迁、连云港、淮安、扬州、泰州、盐城、徐州)高三下学期第三次调研测试) Chinese Landscape Painting For thousands of years, landscape paintings, or Shan Shui Hua, have been a major part of Chinese art. Chinese artists don’t usually paint real places 31 imaginary, idealized landscapes. In China, mountains 32 (associate) with religion because they reach up towards the heavens. People therefore believe that looking at paintings of mountains is good for the soul. Landscape paintings are seen as an 33 (extend) of calligraphy. The colors are restrained and the paintings are usually created in ink on paper, with a small amount of watercolor. They are mounted(装裱) on silk 34 different formats such as handscrolls, album leaves and fan paintings. By the late Tang Dynasty, landscape painting had evolved into an independent genre. The genre of such an art form was taken to extreme 35 (height), with painters expressing their desire to be at one with nature. There have been long-held arguments over 36 landscape painting in China was the first one to bring this art form to life, but many art critics do believe in The Nymph of the Luo River to be the first of its kind. The painting has stood as symbols of man’s 37 (hide) desire to be united with nature. Images of nature 38 (remain) a source of inspiration for artists down to the present day. Chinese 39 (art) expression is deeply imprinted with images of the natural world. The paintings are also a true portrayal of their artists’ inner feelings and thoughts as well as struggles. 40 (view) Chinese landscape paintings, we should never stop appreciating and understanding the extraordinary beauty of Chinese landscape art. 【答案】 31. but 32. are associated 33. extension 34. in 35. heights 36. which 37. hidden 38. have remained 39. artistic 40. Viewing 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国山水画的历史、特点及其艺术价值。 31. 考查连词。句意：中国艺术家通常不画真实的地方，而是画想象中的理想化风景。根据句意可知，此处表示“不是……而是……”，应用not...but...，故填but。 32. 考查动词时态及语态。句意：在中国，山脉与宗教相关联，因为它们直指天空。主语“mountains”与“associate”之间是被动关系，且陈述客观事实，用一般现在时的被动语态，故填are associated。 33. 考查名词。句意：山水画被视为书法的延伸。冠词“an”后需接名词单数extension，作宾语，故填extension。 34. 考查介词。句意：它们被装裱在丝绸上，以不同的形式呈现，如手卷、册页和扇面画。表示“以……形式”用介词in，故填in。 35. 考查名词单复数。句意：这种艺术形式的风格被推向了极致的高度，画家们表达出他们与自然合一的愿望。此处应用名词作宾语，前面无冠词，此处应用名词的复数形式heights，表示泛指，故填heights。 36. 考查连词。句意：关于中国山水画哪个是第一个赋予这种艺术形式生命的争论一直存在，但许多艺术评论家确实相信《洛神赋图》是此类作品中的第一幅。此处引导宾语从句，表示“哪幅画”，应用which引导宾语从句，故填which。 37. 考查形容词。句意：这幅画象征着人类与自然合一的隐秘愿望。修饰名词desire需用形容词hidden，作定语，表示“隐藏的”，故填hidden。 38. 考查动词时态。句意：自然图像至今仍是艺术家的灵感来源。时间状语“down to the present day”强调从过去持续到现在，用现在完成时，主语是复数，助动词应用have，故填have remained。 39. 考查形容词。句意：中国的艺术表达深深烙印着自然世界的图像。修饰名词expression需用形容词artistic，作定语，表示“艺术的”，故填artistic。 40. 考查非谓语动词。句意：欣赏中国山水画时，我们永远不应停止欣赏和理解其非凡之美。句中有谓语，前后无连词，此处应用非谓语动词作状语，主语“we”与“view”是主动关系，用现在分词形式，单词位于句首，首字母大写，故填Viewing。 Passage 5 (2025届江苏省盐城中学高三下学期三模)People have always had a dream of exploring outer space and with the help of scientists, their dream, 41 was once considered to be impossible, is turning into reality. Scientists carried out many experiments and successfully made rockets that could escape the earths gravity. In 1961, Yuri Gagarin from the USSR became the first person 42 (send) into space and in 1969 Neil Armstrong from the US set foot on the moon, 43 (say) “That’s one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind.” 44 the great achievements, sometimes accidents did happen, resulting in huge losses. 45 , scientists are determined to further explore the universe. One ongoing project is the International Space Station orbiting the earth. 46 (compare) with the USSR and the US, China started later in its space program, but it has made huge progress. So far, several astronauts, including Yang Liwei, 47 (be) to space. China has also launched the Tiangong 2 space lab, 48 (mark) a huge step in its effort to establish 49 space station. It 50 (believe) that the future of space exploration is bright thanks to the efforts of the scientists all over the world. 【答案】 41. which 42. to be sent 43. saying 44. Despite 45. However 46. Compared 47. have been 48. marking 49. a 50. is believed 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是人类探索外层空间的梦想以及科学家们为实现这一梦想所做的努力和取得的成就。 41. 考查定语从句。句意：人们一直有一个探索外层空间的梦想，在科学家的帮助下，他们的梦想，曾经被认为是不可能的，正在变成现实。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词their dream是物，因此用which引导定语从句，故填which。 42. 考查不定式和被动语态。句意：1961年，苏联的Yuri Gagarin成为第一个被送入太空的人，而1969年，美国的Neil Armstrong踏上月球，他说：“这是个人的一小步，却是人类的一大步。”person前有序数词the first修饰，空格处用不定式作后置定语，人是被送入太空，因此空格处用不定式的被动语态to be sent。故填to be sent。 43. 考查非谓语动词。句意：1961年，苏联的Yuri Gagarin成为第一个被送入太空的人，而1969年，美国的Neil Armstrong踏上月球，他说：“这是个人的一小步，却是人类的一大步。”set是谓语，空格处用非谓语动词，Neil Armstrong和say之间是主谓关系，因此用现在分词表主动，作状语，故填saying。 44. 考查介词。句意：尽管取得了巨大的成就，但有时也会发生事故，造成巨大的损失。由名词短语“the great achievements”可知，空格处是“尽管”，应用介词despite，位于句首的单词首字母大写，故填Despite。 45. 考查副词。句意：然而，科学家们决心进一步探索宇宙。由“scientists are determined to further explore the universe”可知，空格处是“然而”，有逗号隔开，用however，位于句首的单词首字母大写，故填However。 46. 考查非谓语动词。句意：与苏联和美国相比，中国的太空计划起步较晚，但取得了巨大进步。started是谓语，空格处用非谓语动词，China和compare之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此用过去分词表被动，作状语，位于句首的单词首字母大写，故填Compared。 47. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，包括杨利伟在内的几名宇航员已经进入了太空。由So far可知，句子时态是现在完成时。主语several astronauts是复数，故填have been。 48. 考查非谓语动词。句意：中国还发射了天宫二号空间实验室，这标志着中国在建立空间站的努力中迈出了一大步。谓语是has also launched，空格处用非谓语动词，前面描述的事情和mark之间是主谓关系，因此用现在分词表主动，作状语，故填marking。 49. 考查冠词。句意：中国还发射了天宫二号空间实验室，这标志着中国在建立空间站的努力中迈出了一大步。station是可数名词的单数形式，表泛指，空格处用不定冠词，space是辅音音素开头，因此不定冠词用a，故填a。 50. 考查固定句型和时态及语态。句意：人们相信，由于全世界科学家的努力，太空探索的未来是光明的。句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，It is believed that...是固定句型，意为“人们相信”，其中it是形式主语，that从句是主语从句，故填is believed。 Passage 6 (2025届江苏省南京市高三下学期第二次模拟考试)With the rapid rise of e-commerce over the past decade, China's physical shopping environment is no longer just about making purchases, as more and more people are going to malls 51 (mere) to window shop. Having noticed this trend, department stores and shopping malls are starting to focus more on providing things that people can't buy online — the shopping experience 52 (it) — by rolling work, play, dining and entertainment into 53 place called Fusion Hub. Mall owners are becoming increasingly creative today, some having their properties 54 (transform) into modern art spaces 55 exhibitions, art shows, performances and lectures are held. Others are hosting food and drink fairs. Still others offer visitors the experience of an outdoor sightseeing tour, 56 (model) themselves after famous landmarks. Innovation in the retail(零售) field comes in many forms. One common trend is 57 malls are shifting from being retail-centered to becoming more human-centered, with a focus on creating spaces that are closely integrated into their surrounding communities. Some have set up 58 (maintain) stations to handle repairs, while others have launched school drop-off and pickup services to better meet the needs of local residents. The future of shopping centers 59 (lie) in becoming lively community centers that are less 60 shopping than about promoting an all-round lifestyle experience. 【答案】 51. merely 52. itself 53. a 54. transformed 55. where 56. modeling 57. that 58. maintenance 59. lies 60. about 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了随着电子商务的快速发展，中国实体购物环境的变化，商场通过各种创新方式提供独特的购物体验，未来购物中心将成为充满活力的社区中心。 51. 考查副词。句意：随着电子商务在过去十年的迅速崛起，中国的实体购物环境不再仅仅是购物，因为越来越多的人去商场仅仅是为了橱窗购物。修饰动词短语go to malls要用副词，mere的副词形式是merely，表示“仅仅，只不过”，故填merely。 52. 考查反身代词。句意：注意到这一趋势，百货商店和购物中心开始更多地关注提供人们在网上买不到的东西——购物体验本身——将工作、娱乐、餐饮和娱乐融为一体，打造一个名为“融合中心”的地方。根据上文“the shopping experience(购物体验本身)”可知，这里强调“购物体验”本身，“itself”作“the shopping experience”的同位语，故填itself。 53. 考查冠词。句意：注意到这一趋势，百货商店和购物中心开始更多地关注提供人们在网上买不到的东西 —— 购物体验本身 —— 将工作、娱乐、餐饮和娱乐融为一体，打造一个名为“融合中心”的地方。place是可数名词，此处表示泛指“一个地方”，且place以辅音音素开头，所以用不定冠词a，故填a。 54. 考查非谓语动词。句意：如今，商场业主越来越有创意，一些人将他们的物业改造成了现代艺术空间。空白处在句子中做宾补，使用非谓语动词，逻辑主语their properties与transform之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语，故填transformed。 55. 考查定语从句。句意：如今，商场业主越来越有创意，一些人将他们的物业改造成了现代艺术空间，在这些空间里举办展览、艺术表演和讲座。本句为包含定语从句的复合句，先行词是“modern art spaces”，定语从句中缺少地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导定语从句，故填where。 56. 考查非谓语动词。句意：还有一些商场为游客提供户外观光体验，以著名地标为蓝本。空白处在句子中作状语，使用非谓语动词，逻辑主语others与model之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，用现在分词作状语，故填modeling。 57. 考查名词性从句。句意：零售领域的创新有多种形式。一个常见的趋势是，购物中心正从以零售为中心转变为更加以人为本，重点是创建与周围社区紧密融合的空间。本句为包含表语从句的复合句，从句中不缺少成分且句意完整，所以用that引导表语从句，故填that。 58. 考查名词。句意：一些商场设立了维修站来处理维修问题，另一些则推出了接送孩子上学的服务，以更好地满足当地居民的需求。空白处在句子中作定语表示内容，使用名词，maintain的名词形式是maintenance，“maintenance station”表示“维修站”，符合句意，故填maintenance。 59. 考查动词时态。句意：购物中心的未来在于成为充满活力的社区中心，与其说是关于购物，不如说是促进全方位的生活方式体验。句子主语“the future of shopping centers”是单数概念，且陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故填lies。 60. 考查介词。句意：购物中心的未来在于成为充满活力的社区中心，与其说是关于购物，不如说是促进全方位的生活方式体验。根据下文“shopping than about promoting an all-round lifestyle experience.(购物，不如说是促进全方位的生活方式体验)”，下文提到了购物，还提到了促进全方位的生活方式体验，可推理出此处说的是与其说是关于购物，不如说是促进全方位的生活方式体验，空白处应填表示“关于”含义的介词，故填about。 Passage 7 (2025届江苏省常州市金坛区第一中学高三下学期二模)Chinese artificial intelligence start-up DeepSeek has introduced a novel approach to improving the reasoning capabilities of large language models(LLMs), 61 the public awaiting the release of the company’s next-generation model. In collaboration with researchers from Tsinghua University. DeepSeek developed a technique that combines methods 62 (refer) to as generative reward modelling(GRM) and self-principled critique tuning, according to a paper published on Friday. The dual approach aims to enable LLMs 63 (deliver) better and faster results to general queries. The 64 (result) DeepSeek-GRM models outperformed existing methods, having “achieved 65 (compete) performance” with strong public reward models, the researchers wrote. Reward modelling is a process that guides an LLM towards human 66 (prefer). DeepSeek said the company 67 (intend) to make the GRM models open source, according to the researchers, but they did not give a timeline. The academic paper, published on the online scientific paper repository arXiv, comes amid speculation(推测) about the start-up’s next move, 68 (follow) the global attention acquired by the firm’s latest V3 foundation model and RI reasoning model. Reuters reported last month that DeepSeek-R2. the successor to R1, could be released as soon as this month, as 69 company rushes to expand. The release of DeepSeek-R1 rocked the global tech community with its cost-efficient performance 70 matched leading models. 【答案】 61. with 62. referred 63. to deliver 64. resulting 65. competitive 66. preference/preferences 67. intended 68. following 69. the 70. that/which 【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了DeepSeek推出了一种提高大型语言模型，解释了其发开过程。 61. 考查介词。句意：中国人工智能初创公司DeepSeek推出了一种提高大型语言模型(LLMs)推理能力的新方法，公众正在等待该公司下一代模型的发布。此处为with的复合结构：with+宾语+宾语补足语，作伴随状语。故填with。 62. 考查非谓语动词。句意：根据周五发表的一篇论文，DeepSeek开发了一种结合了生成奖励模型(GRM)和自我原则批评调整方法的技术。此处methods与refer构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填referred。 63. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这种双重方法旨在为一般查询提供更好更快的结果。短语enable sb to do sth.表示“使某人能够做某事”。故填to deliver。 64. 考查非谓语动词。句意：研究人员写道，由此产生的DeepSeek-GRM模型优于现有的方法，在强大的公共奖励模型下“取得了具有竞争力的表现”。此处result与models构成主动关系，用现在分词作定语。故填resulting。 65. 考查形容词。句意：研究人员写道，由此产生的DeepSeek-GRM模型优于现有的方法，在强大的公共奖励模型下“取得了具有竞争力的表现”。修饰名词performance用形容词competitive。故填competitive。 66. 考查名词。句意：奖励建模是一个引导法学硕士对人类偏好的过程。作介词的宾语，用名词preference，可用单数可用复数。故填preference(s)。 67. 考查时态。句意：据研究人员称，DeepSeek表示，该公司打算将GRM模型开源，但他们没有给出时间表。发生在过去用一般过去时。故填intended。 68. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这篇学术论文发表在在线科学论文库arXiv上，在该公司最新的V3基础模型和RI推理模型获得全球关注之后，人们猜测这家初创公司的下一步行动。此处follow与上文构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语，故填following。 69. 考查冠词。句意：路透社上月报道称，随着该公司急于扩张，R1的继任者DeepSeek-R2可能最早于本月发布。此处company特指the start-up这家公司，用定冠词the。故填the。 70. 考查定语从句。句意：DeepSeek-R1的发布以其与领先型号相匹配的经济高效的性能震撼了全球科技界。定语从句修饰先行词performance，在从句作主语，指物，故填that/which。 Passage 8 (2025届江苏省南通市学科基地高三下学期第二次大联考)With spring arriving in Shanghai and flowers blooming across the city, the annual Huazhao Festival is attracting visitors in a modern, dynamic way. The flower festival, 71 (date) back over 2,000 years, is held in the second month of the lunar calendar 72 (celebrate) the flower goddess’ birthday. According to various ancient 73 (belief), the flower goddess controls human reproduction, and celebrating her birthday has become 74 custom to bring prosperity. This year’s festival offers visitors a feast, things that please the mind or the senses, 75 the eyes and ears. Colorful light shows, parades of performers dressed as the flower goddess, 76 dance and musical performances are taking place at landmarks within Yuyuan. In 77 (add) to the innovative technologies and eye-catching shows, a lot of interactive activities 78 (offer) during the festival, 79 (specific) targeting young audiences. Working with the makeup team of Xiaohongshu(RedNote), the festival includes a market 80 visitors enjoy immersive experiences such as s traditional makeup, fragrance sachet-making, flower hair-pinning and poetry writing. 【答案】 71. dating 72. to celebrate 73. beliefs 74. a 75. for 76. and 77. addition 78. are offered 79. specifically 80. where 【语篇导读】本文是说明文。主要介绍了上海花朝节的举办情况，包括其历史背景、现代庆祝方式、为游客提供的盛宴以及各种互动活动。 71. 考查非谓语动词。句意：花朝节的历史可以追溯到2000多年前，在农历的第二个月举行，以庆祝花神的生日。本句已有谓语动词is held，所以date用非谓语形式，和逻辑主语The flower festival之间是主动关系，用现在分词形式作后置定语。故填dating。 72. 考查非谓语动词。句意：花朝节的历史可以追溯到2000多年前，在农历的第二个月举行，以庆祝花神的生日。本句已有谓语动词is held，所以celebrate用非谓语形式，根据句意，此处表目的，用不定式作目的状语。故填to celebrate。 73. 考查名词。句意：根据各种古老的信仰，花神控制着人类的繁殖，庆祝她的生日已经成为一种带来繁荣的习俗。空处应填名词作宾语，belief意为“信仰”为可数名词，根据various可知，用复数形式。故填beliefs。 74. 考查冠词。句意：根据各种古老的信仰，花神控制着人类的繁殖，庆祝她的生日已经成为一种带来繁荣的习俗。根据句意，此处泛指“一种习俗”之意，前需用不定关系修饰，custom为辅音音素开头，用a修饰。故填a。 75. 考查介词。句意：今年的节日为游客呈上一场盛宴，提供悦心悦目的体验，是一场视觉与听觉的享受。此处是固定搭配：a feast for意为“一场……的盛宴”。故填for。 76. 考查连词。句意：五彩缤纷的灯光秀，装扮成花神的表演者游行，以及舞蹈和音乐表演在豫园的地标上进行。根据句意可知，“dance and musical performances”和前文的“Colorful light shows, parades of performers dressed as the flower goddess”为并列关系，用and连接。故填and。 77. 考查名词。句意：除了创新的技术和引人注目的表演，节日期间还提供了许多专门针对年轻观众的互动活动。此处是固定搭配：in addition to意为“除了”。故填addition。 78. 考查动词时态和语态。句意：除了创新的技术和引人注目的表演，节日期间还提供了许多专门针对年轻观众的互动活动。offer作本句谓语，和主语a lot of interactive activities之间是被动关系，用被动语态，前后文用的都是一般现在时，此处也用一般现在时。故填are offered。 79. 考查副词。句意：除了创新的技术和引人注目的表演，节日期间还提供了许多专门针对年轻观众的互动活动。空处修饰空后的动词，用副词修饰。故填specifically。 80. 考查定语从句。句意：与小红书(RedNote)的妆造团队合作，本次节日活动设置了一个集市，游客们可以在此体验传统妆容、制作香囊、簪花以及诗词创作等沉浸式活动。空处引导定语从句，先行词是market，在从句中作地点状语，用where引导。故填where。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$