专题01 量词和How many及How much的用法-【暑假自学课】2025年新八年级英语暑假提升精品讲义（仁爱科普版2024）

专题01 量词和How many及How much的用法 内容导航 考点聚焦：核心考点+高考考点，有的放矢 重点速记：知识点和关键点梳理，查漏补缺 难点强化：难点内容标注与讲解，能力提升 复习提升：真题感知+提升专练，全面突破 核心考点聚焦 考点一 How many及How much的用法 how much的用法如下： (1)用于询问物品的价格，通常用“How much is/are＋物品？”，意为“……多少钱？”。 询问价格的常用句型 (2)用于询问事物的数量，意为“多少”，后接不可数名词；how many也用于询问事物的数量，后接可数名词复数。 ①How much water do we need？我们需要多少水？ ②How many pens do you have? 你有多少支钢笔？ (3)用来询问数学计算的结果，相当于what。 How much/What is one plus one？一加一等于几？ 拓展： 1．—______ are the apples? —30 yuan a kilo. ______ apples would you like? A．How many; How many B．How much; How much C．How much; How many D．How many; How much 2．—How many _________ do you need? —No, thank you. I only need coffee. A．milk B．bags of milk C．junk food D．vegetable 3．—_________ pieces of bread do you want?   —Five, please. And ________ are they? A．How many; how many B．How many; how much C．How much; how much D．How much; how many 4．________ oranges do you want and ________ orange would you like? A．How many; how many B．How much; how much C．How many; how much D．How much; how many 5．________ is it from Wuxi to Sanya and ________ does it cost to fly there? A．How long; how soon B．How far; how much C．How soon; how long D．How far; how many 思路点拨： 1．句意：——苹果多少钱？——30元一斤。你想要多少苹果？考查特殊疑问句。how much多少钱；how many多少。根据“30 yuan a kilo.”可知，第一个空处应用how much询问价格；第二个空处应用how many修饰后面的可数名词复数apples，表达“多少苹果”。故选C。 2．句意：——你需要多少袋牛奶？——不了，谢谢。我只需要咖啡。考查名词的数。milk牛奶（不可数名词）；bags of milk……袋牛奶；junk food垃圾食品（不可数名词）；vegetable蔬菜，单数名词。根据“How many...do you need?”可知，how many后接可数名词复数，询问某物的数量，bags of milk符合语境。故选B。 3．句意：——你想要多少片面包？——请给我五片。它们多少钱？考查特殊疑问句。how much对不可数名词数量或价格提问；how many对可数名词的数量提问。第一处根据“Five”可知询问数量，pieces是复数，用how many；第二处“And…are they?”询问价格，用how much。故选B。 4．C句意：你想要多少橘子，想要多少橙汁？考查特殊疑问句。how many在英文中对可数名词数量提问；how much对不可数名词提问。orange作“橘子”讲，是可数名词，作“橙汁”讲为不可数名词，故选C。 5．句意：从无锡到三亚多远并且飞到那需要花费多少钱？考查特殊疑问词辨析。how long多长时间；how soon多久以后；how far多远；how much多少钱；how many多少。根据“from Wuxi to Sanya”可知第一空询问距离多远，而由“cost to fly there”可知第二空询问花多少钱，故选B。 · 答案 1-5 CBBCB 考点二 量词 1.概念：表示人、事物或动作的数量单位的词叫做量词。 2.特点：可以帮助可数名词和不可数名词表示数量。 【考点01】可数名词和不可数名词 可数名词 不可数名词 分单、复数两种形式 desk →desks bus → buses 没有复数形式 tea meat 前面可用基数词、不定冠 词修饰 three boys an orange 不可以被基数词和不定冠词直接修饰，若表示数量可用“单位词+不可数名词” a piece of paper two cups of tea 可数名词的复数前可用many,some, any修饰 many teachers some friends 可用much, some, any修饰 some milk much bread 【考点02】可数名词和不可数名词数的变化 1.可数名词单数变复数的规则变化 规则变化 示 例 1 大多数名词在词尾加-s letter→ letters, cat→ cats, boy→ boys, desk→ desks ② 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词，在词尾加-es class→ classes, box→ boxes, watch→ watches, brush→ brushes ③ 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词，变y为i，再加-es hobby→ hobbies, city→ cities, country→ countries ④ 以o结尾的名词，大多数加-s，少数加-es 加-s: radio→ radios, zoo→ zoos, photo→ photos, piano→ pianos 加-es: hero→ heroes, tomato→ tomatoes, potato→ potatoes ⑤ 部分以f或fe结尾的名词，变f或fe为v，再加-es knife→ knives, half→ halves 用顺口溜记住常见的把f或fe改为v加-es的单词： 树叶 半 数自己黄，妻子拿刀去割粮， 架后窜出一只狼，就像盗贼逃命忙。 leaf树叶 half一半 self 自己 wife妻子 knife 小刀 Shelf 架子 wolf 狼 thief 贼 life 生命 注意：可数名词可与不定冠词a/an连用，有复数形式。普通名词中个体名词和集体名词一般是可数名词。 2. 可数名词复数的不规则变化 不规则变化 示 例 ① 变化元音字母构成复数 foot→ feet, goose→ geese, tooth→ teeth, man→ men, woman→ women ② 单复数形式相同 sheep, deer, fish （注意：fish指鱼的数量时单复数同形；指鱼的种类时复数是fishes） ③ 特殊变化 child→ children, mouse→ mice, ox→ oxen 3. 其他情况： ① “某国人”变复数口诀：中日不变英法变，其余-s加后面。如： 中日不变：Chinese, Japanese 英法变：Englishman→ Englishmen, Frenchman→ Frenchmen 其余-s加后面：Germans, Americans, Australians, Indians ② 由两个名词组成的复合名词变复数，一般将最后一个名词变为复数。如： a girl student→ two girl students, a story book→ ten story books 复合词中第一个词是man或woman时，两个名词都变为复数形式。如： a man worker→ three men workers, a woman doctor→ six women doctors ③ 只表示复数意义的名词：trousers, clothes, police, people, cattle （牛；家畜） ④ 集体名词family, team, class, couple, group等视为整体时，表示单数意义；指这些集体的成员时，则表示复数意义。如： My family is a large one.我家是个大家庭。 【考点 03】可数名词和不可数名词的分类 (1)确切数量： ①数词+量词+of+可数名词复数 如：a box of apples 一箱苹果 there baskets of eggs 三篮子鸡蛋 ②数词+量词+of+不可数名词 如： a cup of coffee 一杯咖啡 two kilos of rice 两千克大米 (2)不确切数量： ①只修饰可数名词复数 单词/短语 意思 单词/短语 意思 many 很多 many carrots 很多胡萝卜 too many 太多 too many things 太多事情 few 很少；几乎没有 few trees 没有几棵树 a few 少量；一些 a few bags of salt 几袋盐 a number of 许多；大量 a number of students 许多学生 these 这些 these books 这些书 those 那些 those children 那些儿童 a couple of 一对；几个 a couple of birds 几只小鸟 ②只修饰不可数名词 单词/短语 意思 单词/短语 意思 much 很多 much water 很多水 too much 太多 too much salt 太多盐 little 很少；几乎没有 little meat 几乎没有肉 a little 少量；一些 a little chicken 一点鸡肉 a bit of 一点 a bit of food 一点食物 ③既可以修饰可数名词复数也可以修饰不可数名词 单词/短语 意思 单词/短语 意思 some, any 一些 some coffee 一些咖啡 a lot of/lots of plenty of 许多；大量 许多；大量 a lot of /lots of carrots plenty of bees 许多胡萝卜 许多蜜蜂 most 大部分 most people 大部分人 3.扩展 (1)可数名词单数作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式； (2)多个并列可数名词单数或可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 (3)“数词+名词+形容词”构成的复合形容词，中间的名词须用单数形式。 如：five-year-old 5岁大的； a five-yuan money 一张5元的钱 a six-foot-deep hole一个6英尺深的洞 (4)some 在否定句或一般疑问句中应变成any，但在表示请求、建议或希望得到肯定回答的问句中，不用变。 如：（肯定句） Xiao Lin has some bread for breakfast.小林早餐吃的面包。 （否定句）Xiao Lin doesn't have any bread for breakfast.小林早餐没吃面包。 （表示请求、邀请） Would you like some coffee?你想喝咖啡吗? （希望得到肯定的回答）Do you have some stamps?你有邮票吗? 1．There is a lot of ________ and three ________ on the table in the kitchen. A．sugar ; carrots B．potatoes ; bread C．salt ; chicken 2．To be honest, we have wasted a great number of ________ in this activity. A．water B．meat C．vegetables D．money 3．—What would you like to eat, Kate? —I’d like to eat some ________ and ________. A．beef; salad B．fishes; carrots C．dumpling; tofu D．mutton; bean 4．There is some ________ on the table. A．apple B．pear C．bread 思路点拨： 1.句意：厨房的桌子上有很多糖和三根胡萝卜。考查可数名词与不可数名词的用法。sugar糖，不可数名词；carrots胡萝卜，可数名词复数；potatoes土豆，可数名词复数；bread面包，不可数名词；salt盐，不可数名词；chicken若指鸡肉，为不可数名词。“a lot of”既可以接不可数名词，也可以接可数名词复数。根据“There is a lot of...”可知，此处应填不可数名词；“three”是数词，后要接可数名词复数。故选A。 2.句意：说实话，我们在这次活动中浪费了大量的蔬菜。 考查名词辨析。water水；meat肉；vegetables蔬菜；money钱。根据句意“wasted a great number of”可知，此处应填入一个可数名词复数形式，只有C项符合，故选C。 3.句意：——凯特，你想吃什么？——我想吃一些牛肉和沙拉。考查名词的数。beef牛肉，不可数名词；salad沙拉，不可数名词，表泛指；fishes多种鱼类，非鱼肉；carrots胡萝卜，可数名词复数；dumpling饺子，可数名词单数；tofu豆腐，不可数名词；mutton羊肉，不可数名词；bean豆子，可数名词单数。根据“some”可知，两个空处可以填可数名词复数或不可数名词。排除C、D选项。根据“What would you like to eat, Kate”可知，可以吃牛肉和沙拉。故选A。 4.句意：桌子上有一些面包。考查名词辨析。apple苹果，可数名词单数；pear梨，可数名词单数；bread面包，不可数名词。根据“There is some...”可知，此处是there be句型，be动词“is”表明主语是单数或不可数名词，又因为“some”修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词，所以此处应选不可数名词bread。故选C。 · 答案 1-4 ACAC 一、完形填空 Last week, I bought a sweater online by myself. When I received (收到) the sweater, I 1 that there was something wrong with it. First, the sweater was too 2 . I ordered a size M. 3 the sweater I got was size XL. Second, the sweater didn’t 4 soft (柔软的). So, I was a little 5 . I talked to the customer service agent (客服) about the 6 online. He was 7 and tried to solve the problems. 20 minutes 8 , he agreed (同意) to send me another sweater. What’s more (此外), I should send (邮寄) the big one back. The process (过程) was 9 and easy. So, I could get another new and cute 10 in 5 days. So, I’d like to give you some 11 on how to solve some problems of shopping online. 12 , you can talk to the customer service agent when you are in need. Second, don’t 13 anything. You should ask the customer service agent to change (更换) for another one 14 just return (退还) it. We may have some problems when shopping 15 but we can find some ways to solve these problems. I think you will have a nice shopping experience (经历). 1．A．watched B．found C．looked D．read 2．A．big B．wide C．long D．small 3．A．But B．And C．So D．Because 4．A．feel B．stay C．look D．change 5．A．happy B．sad C．tired D．glad 6．A．questions B．problems C．carrots D．steps 7．A．happy B．strong C．lovely D．friendly 8．A．ago B．later C．before D．in 9．A．good B．interesting C．quick D．exciting 10．A．sweater B．scarf C．skirt D．shirt 11．A．books B．sweaters C．suggestions D．talks 12．A．First B．Firstly C．Third D．thirdly 13．A．think of B．worry about C．talk about D．get around 14．A．or B．and C．but D．so 15．A．deeply B．specially C．carefully D．online 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．A 4．A 5．B 6．B 7．D 8．B 9．C 10．A 11．C 12．A 13．B 14．A 15．D 【导语】本文讲述作者网购毛衣遇到尺寸和质量问题，通过与客服沟通顺利解决，并给出网购建议。 1．句意：当我收到毛衣时，我发现它有问题。 watched观看；found发现；looked看；read阅读。根据后文描述具体问题，可知是“发现”问题。故选B。 2．句意：首先，毛衣太大了。 big大的；wide宽的；long长的；small小的。根据“I ordered a size M. ... the sweater I got was size XL”可知，订的是M码，收到的却是XL码，说明尺码偏大。故选A。 3．句意：但我收到的是XL码。 But但是；And和；So所以；Because因为。前后句为转折关系，所以填But，故选A。 4．句意：其次，毛衣摸起来不柔软。 feel摸起来；stay保持；look看起来；change改变。描述衣物触感“soft”用“feel”。故选A。 5．句意：所以我有点难过。 happy开心的； sad难过的；tired疲惫的；glad高兴的。因商品问题自然产生负面情绪。故选B。 6．句意：我和客服在线沟通了这个问题。 questions疑问；problems问题；carrots胡萝卜；steps步骤。根据后文“tried to solve the problems”可知，是沟通问题。故选B。 7．句意：他很友好并努力解决问题。 happy高兴的；strong强壮的；lovely可爱的；friendly友好的。根据“and tried to solve the problems”可知，客服态度用“friendly”最贴切。故选D。 8．句意：20分钟后，他同意给我寄另一件毛衣。 ago之前；later之后；before在……之前；in在……内。根据“20 minutes”可知，表示“之后”用later，其他选项不符合句意。故选B。 9．句意：这个过程又快又简单。 good好的；interesting有趣的；quick快速的；exciting兴奋的。与“easy”并列且符合退货流程特点，只有“quick”符合。故选C。 10．句意：所以，我可以在5天内收到另一件新的可爱毛衣。 sweater毛衣；scarf围巾；skirt裙子；shirt衬衫。全文主题商品为sweater。故选A。 11．句意：我想给你些网购问题的建议。 books书；sweaters毛衣； suggestions建议；talks谈话。后文具体建议说明用suggestions。故选C。 12．句意：首先，需要时可联系客服。 First首先；Firstly第一，副词；Third第三；thirdly第三，副词。根据“Second”可知，此处填“First”前后一致。故选A。 13．句意：其次，不要担心任何问题。 think of想到；worry about担心；talk about谈论；get around绕过。根据后文“You should ask the customer service agent to change (更换) for another one”可知，不用担心问题，可以换货。故选B。 14．句意：你可以要求换货或直接退货。 or或者；and和；but但是；so所以。两种解决方式为选择关系。故选A。 15．句意：我们网购时可能会遇到问题，但我们可以找到一些方法来解决这些问题。 deeply深深地；specially特别地；carefully仔细地；online在线。根据“how to solve some problems of shopping online”及全文可知，全文围绕“在线购物”。故选D。 二、阅读理解 Summer is here, and it’s getting hotter. What should you drink when you’re thirsty? Here is a list showing which drinks keep you hydrated (补水的) best. Drinks with better hydration capacity (补水能力) can keep water in your body longer. But it doesn’t mean you feel less thirsty right after drinking them. While staying hydrated is important, remember to watch out for sugar and fat (脂肪) in some drinks. Drinking water is still the best choice. 16．What is important to watch out for in some drinks? A．Hydration capacity. B．Sugar and fat. C．Temperature. D．Color. 17．Which drink is mentioned as the best choice for staying hydrated? A．Cola. B．Coffee. C．Beer. D．Water. 18．________ has the highest hydration capacity according to (根据) this passage. A．Orange juice. B．Cola. C．Non-fat milk. D．Iced black tea. 19．What is the main idea of the passage? A．What to eat in summer B．How to stay cool in summer C．What to drink in the hot summer to stay hydrated D．How to avoid sugar and fat in summer 20．In which part of a magazine can you read this passage. A．Food. B．Sport. C．Cooking. D．Hobbies. 【答案】16．B 17．D 18．C 19．C 20．A 【导语】本文主要讲述了夏季饮品选择中，水是最优补水方式，需警惕糖分和脂肪，并注意补水效果与口渴缓解的区别。 16．细节理解题。根据“remember to watch out for sugar and fat (脂肪) in some drinks”可知，要注意一些饮料中的糖和脂肪。故选B。 17．细节理解题。根据“Drinks with better hydration capacity (补水能力) can keep water in your body longer. … Drinking water is still the best choice.”可知，水是最好的选择。故选D。 18．细节理解题。根据图表可知，零脂牛奶含有最高的补水能力。故选C。 19．主旨大意题。根据“Summer is here, and it’s getting hotter. What should you drink when you’re thirsty?”以及通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了夏季来了，口渴时应该喝什么最补水。故选C。 20．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了夏季来了，口渴时应该喝什么最补水，因此应该能在杂志的“食物”部分读到这篇文章。故选A。 B In recent years, many Chinese people have cared a lot about their health. They have realized that being overweight can cause many health problems. Since the 2010s, light meals have become a popular choice for healthy eating. “After watching athletes (运动员)in Olympic Games, I want to be fit and healthy like them,” said 21-year-old Li Xinwei from Beijing. “This week, I began to order light meals for dinner and do exercises to build muscles (肌肉).” Light meals are low in sugar and fat, and high in fiber and protein (纤维和蛋白质). They’re great for losing fat and building muscles. A light meal usually includes corn, vegetables, eggs, meat, nuts and so on. Each meal usually has only 200 to 500 calories (卡路里). What’s more, light meals can also keep the natural taste of the food by using simple cooking ways like steaming and boiling (蒸和煮). Many people think light meals are only Western dishes, like sandwiches or salads. However, many Chinese dishes are also light and healthy. For example, hand-torn chicken (手撕鸡), mixed vegetables and boiled shrimp are popular choices. Malatang is a hotpot dish enjoyed around China. . However, it’s also becoming lighter and healthier. Some young people often leave out high-calorie foods like meatballs and rice noodles to make it healthier. These dishes are not only easy to cook but also taste good. Light food helps people reach their health goals (目标)without making big changes to their eating habits. So, are you ready to enjoy light food? 21．Why did Li Xinwei start having light meals? A．He didn’t like other food. B．His friends told him to eat them. C．He wanted to lose weight quickly. D．He wanted to be fit and healthy like athletes. 22．What do we know about light meals? A．They are not difficult to prepare. B．They have lots of sugar and fiber. C．They have over 500 calories per meal. D．They are not very delicious. 23．What does the phrase “These dishes” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．Western dishes. B．Sandwiches or salads. C．Meatballs and rice noodles. D．Many Chinese dishes. 24．Which of the following can be put in “________”? A．You may think it’s not healthy. B．There are different ways to make it. C．It’s very popular among young people. D．Many people like to add vegetables to it. 25．What does the text mainly talk about? A．Light food in China. B．How to make healthy light food. C．The reasons why young people like light food. D．Differences between Western and Chinese light food. 【答案】21．D 22．A 23．D 24．A 25．A 【导语】本文介绍了轻食在中国的流行情况，包括其特点、健康益处以及中西式轻食的例子。 21．细节理解题。根据“After watching athletes in Olympic Games, I want to be fit and healthy like them”可知，李心伟想像运动员一样健康塑形。故选D。 22．细节理解题。根据“light meals can also keep the natural taste of the food by using simple cooking ways like steaming and boiling”可知，轻食烹饪方式简单，制作不难。故选A。 23．词义猜测题。根据“many Chinese dishes are also light and healthy. For example, hand-torn chicken, mixed vegetables and boiled shrimp...”可知，“These dishes”指代前文提到的中式轻食。故选D。 24．推理判断题。空格前提到“麻辣烫是中国流行的火锅菜”，空格后转折“但它也变得更轻食健康”，说明空格处应表达“人们可能认为它不健康”，与后文形成对比。故选A。 25．主旨大意题。全文围绕轻食在中国的流行，如起源、特点、中西式例子、健康益处进行了讲解。故选A。 三、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 Look at this video (视频) online. A teenager from another country 26 (cook ) the real Chinese food at home and teaching others. His name is Max Burns. He is 27 19-year-old English man. He is very popular on the Internet because of his videos of making Chinese food. 28 took Max’s parents many years to work in China. Max spent his first 13 years being immersed (沉浸于) in Chinese culture—learning the language and loving the food. When his family 29 (move) to Brighton, UK in 2016, Max missed Chinese food very much. He started 30 (order) takeaway food from local Chinese restaurants at first. But the meals didn’t taste the same as they were in China. They were also very expensive. Then Max decided to try to make Chinese 31 (dish) at home. Max found that many of his friends didn’t know much 32 the real Chinese food. He wanted to do something. Then he made videos of making Chinese food and put them online. He can even make jianbing—a traditional Chinese street food, 33 zongzi—a traditional Chinese rice dish. The videos helped 34 (he) win millions of fans all over the world. “When people ask me where I’m from, I find it hard to answer 35 I grew up in China and now I’m living in the UK,” he says. “I’m just trying to share Chinese and British culture with Chinese and English people, and build a cultural bridge between them.” 【答案】 26．is cooking 27．a 28．It 29．moved 30．to order/ordering 31．dishes 32．about 33．and 34．him 35．because 【导语】本文主要讲述了一位英国少年Max Burns因在中国长大而热爱中国美食，回到英国后通过制作中国美食视频在网络上走红，并致力于搭建中英文化桥梁的故事。 26．句意：一位来自另一国家的青少年正在家里烹饪正宗的中国菜并教其他人。根据“Look at this video (视频) online.”及“and teaching others.”可知，句子时态是现在进行时am/is/are doing，主语是A teenager，be用is。故填is cooking。 27．句意：他是一位19岁的英国男子。空处表示泛指，且19-year-old是辅音音素开头的单词，用a修饰。故填a。 28．句意：Max的父母花了很多年在中国工作。此处是固定句型it took sb time to do sth“某人花费多少时间做某事”。故填It。 29．句意：2016年，当他的家人搬到英国布莱顿时，Max非常想念中国菜。根据“in 2016”可知，时态用一般过去时，动词用过去式moved。故填moved。 30．句意：起初，他开始从当地中餐馆订购外卖。start to do/doing sth“开始做某事”，空处用不定式或动名词作宾语。故填to order/ordering。 31．句意：然后Max决定尝试在家做中国菜。此处泛指中国菜，用名词复数形式。故填dishes。 32．句意：Max发现他的许多朋友对正宗的中国菜知之甚少。know about“了解”，固定短语。故填about。 33．句意：他甚至会做煎饼——一种中国传统街头小吃，和粽子——一种中国传统米食。根据“jianbing—a traditional Chinese street food, ... zongzi—a traditional Chinese rice dish”可知，前后是并列关系，用and连接。故填and。 34．句意：这些视频帮助他在全世界赢得了数百万粉丝。空处作动词helped宾语，用宾格代词。故填him。 35．句意：当人们问我来自哪里时，我发现很难回答，因为我在中国长大，现在住在英国。空后句是前句的原因，用because引导原因状语从句。故填because。 四、补全对话 根据下面的对话情景，在每个空白处填上一个适当的句子，使对话的意思连贯、完整。 A: Good morning, Lily. I will go to the new shopping mall. 36 ? B: I’d love to, Sandy. 37 ? A: About 4 kilometers. B: 38 ? A: We can take a bus or ride our bikes there. B: What do you want to buy? 39 ? A: No, I don’t. Why do we need to make a shopping list? B: Because it can help us know what we need and what we don’t really need. A: So it can help us spend our money wisely? B: Yes, it can. A: OK. 40 . 【答案】36．Would you like to go with me 37．How far is it 38．How can we get there 39．Do you have a shopping list 40．I’ll try 【导语】本文是一段关于桑迪和莉莉讨论去新购物中心购物及其相关事宜的对话。 36．根据“I’d love to, Sandy.”可知，此处是桑迪询问莉莉是否要一起去新的购物中心。故填Would you like to go with me。 37．根据“About 4 kilometers.”可知，此处询问新的购物中心有多远。故填How far is it。 38．根据“We can take a bus or ride our bikes there.”可知，此处询问如何去新的购物中心。故填How can we get there。 39．根据“No, I don’t. Why do we need to make a shopping list?”可知，此处是一个一般疑问句，且是询问是否列好了购物清单。故填Do you make a shopping list。 40．根据“So it can help us spend our money wisely?”和“Yes, it can.”可知，此处是表达桑迪会做尝试。故填I’ll try。 真题感知 1．（23-24七年级下·福建宁德·期末）It’s rainy today. You’d better take ________ when you go outside. A．a camera B．an umbrella C．a pair of sunglasses 【答案】B 【详解】句意：今天下雨。你出去时最好带把伞。 考查名词短语辨析。a camera一个相机；an umbrella一把伞；a pair of sunglasses一副太阳镜。根据“It’s rainy today.”可知，下雨天应该带伞，所以此处是在建议对方带伞，应该用an umbrella。故选B。 2．（24-25七年·江苏扬州·期末）—How many ________ do you want, sir? —Two, please. A．glass of apple juices B．glass of apple juice C．glasses of apple juice D．glasses of apple juices 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你想要几杯苹果汁，先生？——两杯。 考查名词的数。how many后接可数名词复数形式，排除A和B两项；apple juice意为 “苹果汁”，是不可数名词，没有复数形式。故选C。 2．（23-24七年级上·吉林·期末）— How many ________ are there in the bag? — Two. A．potato B．carrot C．tomatoes D．rice 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——袋子里有多少西红柿？——两个。 考查名词复数。potato土豆，单数；carrot胡萝卜，单数；tomatoes西红柿，复数；rice不可数。how many修饰可数名词的复数形式，选项中只有tomatoes符合题意。AB是可数名词单数形式，D是不可数名词。故选C。 3．（22-23七年级上·内蒙古呼伦贝尔·期末）— How many students are there in the dining hall? — _______. Twenty-two boys and thirty-eight girls. A．Forty B．Fifty C．Sixty D．Seventy 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——餐厅里有多少个学生？——60个学生。22个男生和38个女生。 考查数词用法。根据“Twenty-two boys and thirty-eight girls.”可知，一共是60个学生，表示数量时用基数词，故填Sixty。故选C。 4．（2023·湖南邵阳·中考真题）—What animals did you see on the farm, Tom? —I saw some ________. A．rabbit B．ducks C．sheeps 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你在农场看到了什么动物，汤姆？——我看见一些鸭子。 考查名词的用法。rabbit兔子，名词单数；ducks鸭子，名词复数；sheeps表述错误。some修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词，故选B。 5．（2022·湖南湘西·中考真题）I’m not hungry at all because I just ate much ________. A．apples B．bananas C．bread 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我一点儿也不饿因为我刚吃了许多面包。 考查名词辨析。apples苹果，可数名词复数；bananas香蕉，可数名词复数；bread面包，不可数名词。根据“much”可知此处用不可数名词。故选C。 6．（2021·广西河池·中考真题）—Lisa, could you help me buy some ________ on your way home? —Ok, mom. A．egg B．beef C．banana D．potato 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——Lisa，你能在回家的路上帮我买些牛肉吗？——好的，妈妈。 考查名词辨析。egg鸡蛋，可数名词；beef牛肉，不可数名词；banana香蕉，可数名词；potato土豆，可数名词。some修饰可数名词的复数形式或不可数名词，ACD都应该用其复数形式，排除ACD，故选B。 7．（2021·广西百色·中考真题）Uncle Li has a farm, there are some________ on the farm. A．chicken and sheep B．chickens and sheeps C．chickens and sheep D．chicken and sheeps 【答案】C 【详解】句意：李叔叔有一个农场，在农场上有一些鸡和羊。 考查名词复数的用法。根据“there are some…on the farm”可知，农场上会有鸡和羊。some后接不可数名词或可数名词的复数形式，chicken鸡，复数形式是chickens；sheep羊，复数形式是sheep，故选C。 8．（2020·湖南湘西·中考真题）Annie took a lot of___________ with her mobile phone when she visited the Great Wall last summer holiday. A．photo B．photoes C．photos 【答案】C 【详解】句意：去年暑假，Annie参观了长城的时候用手机拍了许多照片。 考查名词复数。photo 照片（单数）；photoes 形式错误；photos 照片（复数）。take photos 拍照。以-o结尾的单词，有生命加-es；无生命加-s。照片属于无生命。故选C。 提升专练 一、完形填空 Have you ever been to Italy before? Italy is 1 for its food and food is one of the Italian cultures. Italians find the great pleasure in sitting at a table, in a home or a restaurant to 2 a good meal together. Italian food is very healthy, and it has a lot of fruit and 3 in it, such as tomatoes, carrots and cabbages. If you go on a trip to Italy, you will be 4 the food and the wine there. You sit down in an expensive restaurant or a cheap one; the food is always good, but the 5 will be different from this restaurant to that one. For breakfast, you can have coffee 6 hot milk, or tea or hot chocolate, bread and rolls. The main meals, lunch and dinner are very important. You can 7 a lot of different foods. Lunch is usually at one o’clock, and dinner around half past seven in the evening. And it may be much 8 in Rome—it’s about nine. Cheese is an important 9 of an Italian meal, and most restaurants offer different kinds of cheese. Then comes fruit in season, and finally the dessert. Of course, we cannot forget its famous table wines, dessert wines, and beer. And there is also mineral water. At last, we must think of ice cream. In short, 10 in Italy can be a real experience. Don’t wait! Go to experience the food in Italy at once! 1．A．careful B．educational C．famous D．dangerous 2．A．enjoy B．refuse C．discuss D．change 3．A．vegetables B．drinks C．cream D．cakes 4．A．able to B．in half C．in control of D．surprised at 5．A．names B．tables C．prices D．answers 6．A．for B．with C．into D．from 7．A．taste B．train C．show D．make 8．A．longer B．newer C．earlier D．later 9．A．part B．food C．meal D．plate 10．A．playing B．eating C．talking D．living 【答案】 1．C 2．A 3．A 4．D 5．C 6．B 7．A 8．D 9．A 10．B 【导语】本文围绕意大利食物展开，介绍意大利因美食闻名，意大利人享受聚餐，其食物健康且含多种果蔬；讲述去意大利旅行会对当地食物和葡萄酒感到惊喜，不同餐厅食物虽好但价格有别；还提及意大利的早餐、主餐时间及特点，奶酪是意大利餐重要部分，以及意大利的葡萄酒、冰淇淋等，强调在意大利用餐是很棒的体验，鼓励大家去感受。 1．句意：意大利因它的食物闻名，且食物是意大利文化的一部分。 careful小心的；educational教育的；famous著名的；dangerous危险的。根据“for its food and food is one of the Italian cultures.”可知，这里表示因为食物著名并且是文化的一部分。be famous for...“因……闻名”为固定短语。故选C。 2．句意：意大利人发现在家里或餐厅的餐桌旁一起享用美食是极大的乐趣。 enjoy享受；refuse拒绝；discuss讨论；change改变。根据“Italians find the great pleasure in sitting at a table, in a home or a restaurant to”可知，在餐桌旁是为了享用美食。故选A。 3．句意：意大利食物很健康，里面有很多水果和蔬菜，比如西红柿、胡萝卜和卷心菜。 vegetable蔬菜；drinks饮料；cream奶油；cakes蛋糕。根据“such as tomatoes, carrots and cabbages.”可知，举例的都是蔬菜类。故选A。 4．句意：如果你去意大利旅行，你会对那里的食物和葡萄酒感到惊讶。 able to能够；in half一半；in control of控制；surprised at惊讶。根据“he food and the wine there.”及前文可知，文章介绍意大利著名的美食，这里表示会对食物和酒感到惊讶。故选D。 5．句意：你坐在昂贵的餐厅或便宜的餐厅里；食物总是很好，但价格会因餐厅不同而有差异。 names名字；tables桌子；prices价格；answers回答。根据“will be different from this restaurant to that one.”可知，这里表示昂贵餐厅和便宜餐厅，食物好但价格不同。故选C。 6．句意：早餐时，你可以喝咖啡加热牛奶，或者茶、热巧克力、面包和小圆面包。 for为了；with伴随。into里面；from来自。根据“hot milk, or tea or hot chocolate, bread and rolls.”可知，这里表示可以喝有加热牛奶的咖啡。故选B。 7．句意：你可以品尝很多不同的食物。 taste品尝；train训练；show展示；make制作。根据“a lot of different foods.”可知，这里表示品尝不同的食物。故选A。 8．句意：而且在罗马可能要晚得多——大概九点左右。 longer更长的；newer更新的；ealier更早的；later更晚的。根据“in Rome—it’s about nine.”可知，前文说晚餐通常七点半左右，罗马可能更晚，到九点左右。故选D。 9．句意：奶酪是意大利餐的重要组成部分。 part部分；food食物；meal餐；plate盘子。根据“of an Italian meal...”可知，这里表示奶酪是美食中的重要组成部分。故选A。 10．句意：简而言之，在意大利用餐可以是一次真正的体验。 playing玩；eating吃；talking谈论；living居住。根据“in Italy can be a real experience.”可知，文章围绕意大利食物，所以是在意大利用餐是很棒的体验。故选B。 二、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 Jane is a 30-year-old teacher from the US. In 11 (she) free time, she likes travelling and trying different food from different countries. 12 July 5th, 2024, she arrived in Beijing. After visiting the Great Wall, she couldn’t wait to go to a 13 (tradition) Chinese restaurant called Quanjude. There were many different 14 (kind) of dishes. “Their flavors (味道) are good,” she said. She nearly finished a whole Peking duck. “I didn’t like the taste of duck before, 15 Peking duck is so different and delicious.” Two days later, she 16 (fly) to Shaanxi. She took some beautiful 17 (photo) there. She also tasted roujiamo. “It looks a lot like hamburgers, 18 symbol of American food.” she said. Jane 19 (real) enjoys Chinese food. She wants 20 (go) back to China to try more Chinese food and learn the stories behind the food. 【答案】 11．her 12．On 13．traditional 14．kinds 15．but 16．flew 17．photos 18．a 19．really 20．to go 【导语】本文主要讲述了来自美国的Jane在空闲时间喜欢旅行和尝试不同国家的食物，她很喜欢中国美食，想再回中国尝更多美食并了解背后的故事。 11．句意：在空闲时间，她喜欢旅行和尝试来自不同国家的不同食物。空处修饰名词time，用she的形容词性物主代词her“她的”。故填her。 12．句意：2024年7月5日，她抵达北京。根据“July 5th, 2024”可知，在具体日期前面用介词on修饰。故填on。 13．句意：参观完长城后，她迫不及待地想去一家名为全聚德的传统中餐馆。空处修饰名词Chinese restaurant，用形容词traditional“传统的”，作定语。故填traditional。 14．句意：有许多不同种类的菜肴。kind“种类”，different修饰用名词复数形式。故填kinds。 15．句意：“我以前不喜欢鸭子的味道，但北京烤鸭很不一样，很好吃。”根据“I didn’t like the taste of duck before,...Peking duck is so different and delicious.”可知，前后是转折关系，用but连接。故填but。 16．句意：两天后，她飞往陕西。根据took可知，时态为一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式flew“飞”。故填flew。 17．句意：她在那里拍了一些漂亮的照片。photo“照片”，some修饰用复数形式。故填photos。 18．句意：“它看起来很像汉堡包，是美国食物的象征。”a symbol of“……的象征”。固定搭配。故填a。 19．句意：Jane真地很喜欢中国菜。空处修饰动词enjoy，用副词形式really“真地”。故填really。 20．句意：她想回到中国尝试更多的中国菜，了解这些菜背后的故事。want to do sth“想要做某事”，空处用不定式结构。故填to go。 三、选词填空 请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯。注意每空一词，每词仅用一次，有两词为多余项。 animal  culture  fast  I  cause  hamburger serve  more  guess  but  about  common Hey everyone! It’s Nick here! Welcome to my vlog! Do you love 21 like me? Yes? Which kind do you like, beef or chicken? Well, my favourite is chicken hamburgers, 22 I don’t eat them too often. These days, the Chinese 23 food restaurant named Tasiting (塔斯汀) is getting hot. Today, I’d like to go there and have a try! Let’s go! Look! Here’s my hamburger from Tasiting! At first look, the hamburger is similar to the 24 ones. Let me have a taste! Wow! It’s so different and special. Can you 25 my choice? Haha, it’s a Beijing roast duck hamburger. I really love its taste! Tasiting 26 different kinds of hamburgers like the sweet and sour pork (糖醋里脊) hamburgers and the pickles with fish (酸菜鱼) hamburgers. They’re really Chinese, right? I fell in love with the Chinese hamburger from Tasiting! It makes me think 27 Chinese food and western hamburgers in a new way. Also, it’s a blend (融合) of food 28 and innovation (创新). Oh, I can’t wait to try 29 ! Which Tasiting hamburger do you think will become 30 new favourite? 【答案】 21．hamburgers 22．but 23．fast 24．common 25．guess 26．serves 27．about 28．culture 29．more 30．my 【导语】本文是一则视频博客，介绍了一家叫塔斯汀的中式汉堡快餐店。 21．句意：你们像我一样喜欢汉堡吗？根据“chicken hamburgers”可知，此处询问是否喜欢汉堡，结合备选词，hamburger“汉堡”，符合语境，空前没有限定词，需要用复数表示整体，故填hamburgers。 22．句意：我最喜欢的是鸡肉汉堡，但我不会经常吃。根据“I don’t eat them too often”可知，前文说喜欢，后文说不常吃，两个分句是转折关系，结合备选词，but“但是”，符合语境，故填but。 23．句意：最近，一家叫塔斯汀的中式汉堡快餐店很火。根据“Here’s my hamburger from Tasiting”可知，塔斯汀主营汉堡，属于快餐店，结合备选词，fast“快速的”，符合语境，故填fast。 24．句意：乍一看，这个汉堡和常见的那些很像。根据“It’s so different and special.”可知，此处指乍一看和普通汉堡相似，结合备选词，common“常见的，寻常的”，符合语境，此处作定语，故填common。 25．句意：你们能猜到我的选择吗？根据“Haha, it’s a…”可知，此处是让大家猜测自己的选择，结合备选词，guess“猜测”，符合语境，空前有情态动词can，其后动词用原形，故填guess。 26．句意：塔斯汀供应不同种类的汉堡，比如糖醋里脊汉堡、酸菜鱼汉堡。根据“different kinds of hamburgers”可知，此处指塔斯汀提供的汉堡类型，结合备选词，serve“服务，招待”，符合语境，此处描述店的菜品，属于对现在客观事实的描述，用一般现在时，主语Tasiting是第三人称单数，动词用单三，故填serves。 27．句意：它让我以一种全新的方式去思考中式食物和西式汉堡。think about是固定短语，表示“思考，考虑”，此处指以一种全新的方式去思考中式食物和西式汉堡，故填about。 28．句意：而且，它是饮食文化与创新的融合。根据“a blend (融合) of food…and innovation”可知，此处指饮食文化与创新的融合，结合备选词，culture“文化”，符合语境，故填culture。 29．句意：我迫不及待想再尝试更多了！根据“I fell in love with the Chinese hamburger from Tasiting!”可知，此处指想尝试更多的汉堡，结合备选词，more“更多的”，符合语境，故填more。 30．句意：你们觉得塔斯汀的哪种汉堡会成为我的新最爱呢？根据“new favourite”可知，此处指我的最喜欢的汉堡，修饰名词，要用形容词性物主代词，结合备选词，I的形容词性物主代词my“我的”，符合语境，故填my。 四、任务型阅读 阅读短文，然后根据内容回答问题。 I love breakfast. It’s my favourite meal of the day! I think it is important to eat a big breakfast because I can have enough energy for the day. I live in England with other young people from all over Europe. I feel that my breakfast habit is different from others. I know that different countries have different foods. As an Englishman, I eat bread for breakfast. Bread with butter (黄油) is the best choice. Sometimes, I also have an egg or two. But Italians just want to eat chocolate chip biscuits (饼干) and drink coffee. At first, I didn’t understand their eating habits. How could anyone start their day with just biscuits and coffee? But later, I tried some of those biscuits, and I had to admit (承认) they are very delicious. And I really like the French habit of drinking hot chocolate with their breakfast. The thick, warm chocolate is so tasty (美味的). The Germans serve cheese to eat with my bread! They often have all kinds of cold cuts and cheeses on the table in the morning. At last, we find that we all like bread and chocolate. So, every morning, we sit around the table, talking and sharing different kinds of bread and chocolate. It’s a wonderful way to start the day, by learning about different cultures through our breakfasts. 31．Why does the writer think breakfast is important? 32．What do Italians usually have for breakfast? 33．What do the writer and other young people do every morning? 34．Do you think sharing different breakfast foods can help learn about other cultures? Why or why not? 【答案】31．Because he can have enough energy for the day. 32．They usually have chocolate chip biscuits and drink coffee. 33．They sit around the table, talking and sharing different kinds of bread and chocolate. 34．参考示例：Yes, I do. Because different countries have different breakfast foods. When we share them, we can learn about the food cultures, eating habits and lifestyles of different countries. It’s a good way to know more about other cultures. 【导语】本文主要介绍了不同国家有不同的吃早餐的习惯，并具体列举了英国人，意大利人，法国人，德国人的早餐食物。 31．根据“I think it is important to eat a big breakfast because I can have enough energy for the day.”可知，因为这样他就能拥有充足的能量来应对一天的活动了，故填Because he can have enough energy for the day. 32．根据“Italians just want to eat chocolate chip biscuits (饼干) and drink coffee.”可知，意大利人只是想吃巧克力饼干，想喝咖啡，故填They usually have chocolate chip biscuits and drink coffee. 33．根据“So, every morning, we sit around the table, talking and sharing different kinds of bread and chocolate.”可知，每天早上他们都会围坐在桌旁，交谈着，分享着各种各样的面包和巧克力，故填They sit around the table, talking and sharing different kinds of bread and chocolate. 34．开放性题，参考示例：Yes, I do. Because different countries have different breakfast foods. When we share them, we can learn about the food cultures, eating habits and lifestyles of different countries. It’s a good way to know more about other cultures. 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题01 量词和How many及How much的用法 内容导航 考点聚焦：核心考点+高考考点，有的放矢 重点速记：知识点和关键点梳理，查漏补缺 难点强化：难点内容标注与讲解，能力提升 复习提升：真题感知+提升专练，全面突破 核心考点聚焦 考点一 How many及How much的用法 how much的用法如下： (1)用于询问物品的价格，通常用“How much is/are＋物品？”，意为“……多少钱？”。 询问价格的常用句型 (2)用于询问事物的数量，意为“多少”，后接不可数名词；how many也用于询问事物的数量，后接可数名词复数。 ①How much water do we need？我们需要多少水？ ②How many pens do you have? 你有多少支钢笔？ (3)用来询问数学计算的结果，相当于what。 How much/What is one plus one？一加一等于几？ 拓展： 1．—______ are the apples? —30 yuan a kilo. ______ apples would you like? A．How many; How many B．How much; How much C．How much; How many D．How many; How much 2．—How many _________ do you need? —No, thank you. I only need coffee. A．milk B．bags of milk C．junk food D．vegetable 3．—_________ pieces of bread do you want?   —Five, please. And ________ are they? A．How many; how many B．How many; how much C．How much; how much D．How much; how many 4．________ oranges do you want and ________ orange would you like? A．How many; how many B．How much; how much C．How many; how much D．How much; how many 5．________ is it from Wuxi to Sanya and ________ does it cost to fly there? A．How long; how soon B．How far; how much C．How soon; how long D．How far; how many 思路点拨： 1．句意：——苹果多少钱？——30元一斤。你想要多少苹果？考查特殊疑问句。how much多少钱；how many多少。根据“30 yuan a kilo.”可知，第一个空处应用how much询问价格；第二个空处应用how many修饰后面的可数名词复数apples，表达“多少苹果”。故选C。 2．句意：——你需要多少袋牛奶？——不了，谢谢。我只需要咖啡。考查名词的数。milk牛奶（不可数名词）；bags of milk……袋牛奶；junk food垃圾食品（不可数名词）；vegetable蔬菜，单数名词。根据“How many...do you need?”可知，how many后接可数名词复数，询问某物的数量，bags of milk符合语境。故选B。 3．句意：——你想要多少片面包？——请给我五片。它们多少钱？考查特殊疑问句。how much对不可数名词数量或价格提问；how many对可数名词的数量提问。第一处根据“Five”可知询问数量，pieces是复数，用how many；第二处“And…are they?”询问价格，用how much。故选B。 4．C句意：你想要多少橘子，想要多少橙汁？考查特殊疑问句。how many在英文中对可数名词数量提问；how much对不可数名词提问。orange作“橘子”讲，是可数名词，作“橙汁”讲为不可数名词，故选C。 5．句意：从无锡到三亚多远并且飞到那需要花费多少钱？考查特殊疑问词辨析。how long多长时间；how soon多久以后；how far多远；how much多少钱；how many多少。根据“from Wuxi to Sanya”可知第一空询问距离多远，而由“cost to fly there”可知第二空询问花多少钱，故选B。 · 答案 1-5 CBBCB 考点二 量词 1.概念：表示人、事物或动作的数量单位的词叫做量词。 2.特点：可以帮助可数名词和不可数名词表示数量。 【考点01】可数名词和不可数名词 可数名词 不可数名词 分单、复数两种形式 desk →desks bus → buses 没有复数形式 tea meat 前面可用基数词、不定冠 词修饰 three boys an orange 不可以被基数词和不定冠词直接修饰，若表示数量可用“单位词+不可数名词” a piece of paper two cups of tea 可数名词的复数前可用many,some, any修饰 many teachers some friends 可用much, some, any修饰 some milk much bread 【考点02】可数名词和不可数名词数的变化 1.可数名词单数变复数的规则变化 规则变化 示 例 1 大多数名词在词尾加-s letter→ letters, cat→ cats, boy→ boys, desk→ desks ② 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词，在词尾加-es class→ classes, box→ boxes, watch→ watches, brush→ brushes ③ 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词，变y为i，再加-es hobby→ hobbies, city→ cities, country→ countries ④ 以o结尾的名词，大多数加-s，少数加-es 加-s: radio→ radios, zoo→ zoos, photo→ photos, piano→ pianos 加-es: hero→ heroes, tomato→ tomatoes, potato→ potatoes ⑤ 部分以f或fe结尾的名词，变f或fe为v，再加-es knife→ knives, half→ halves 用顺口溜记住常见的把f或fe改为v加-es的单词： 树叶 半 数自己黄，妻子拿刀去割粮， 架后窜出一只狼，就像盗贼逃命忙。 leaf树叶 half一半 self 自己 wife妻子 knife 小刀 Shelf 架子 wolf 狼 thief 贼 life 生命 注意：可数名词可与不定冠词a/an连用，有复数形式。普通名词中个体名词和集体名词一般是可数名词。 2. 可数名词复数的不规则变化 不规则变化 示 例 ① 变化元音字母构成复数 foot→ feet, goose→ geese, tooth→ teeth, man→ men, woman→ women ② 单复数形式相同 sheep, deer, fish （注意：fish指鱼的数量时单复数同形；指鱼的种类时复数是fishes） ③ 特殊变化 child→ children, mouse→ mice, ox→ oxen 3. 其他情况： ① “某国人”变复数口诀：中日不变英法变，其余-s加后面。如： 中日不变：Chinese, Japanese 英法变：Englishman→ Englishmen, Frenchman→ Frenchmen 其余-s加后面：Germans, Americans, Australians, Indians ② 由两个名词组成的复合名词变复数，一般将最后一个名词变为复数。如： a girl student→ two girl students, a story book→ ten story books 复合词中第一个词是man或woman时，两个名词都变为复数形式。如： a man worker→ three men workers, a woman doctor→ six women doctors ③ 只表示复数意义的名词：trousers, clothes, police, people, cattle （牛；家畜） ④ 集体名词family, team, class, couple, group等视为整体时，表示单数意义；指这些集体的成员时，则表示复数意义。如： My family is a large one.我家是个大家庭。 【考点 03】可数名词和不可数名词的分类 (1)确切数量： ①数词+量词+of+可数名词复数 如：a box of apples 一箱苹果 there baskets of eggs 三篮子鸡蛋 ②数词+量词+of+不可数名词 如： a cup of coffee 一杯咖啡 two kilos of rice 两千克大米 (2)不确切数量： ①只修饰可数名词复数 单词/短语 意思 单词/短语 意思 many 很多 many carrots 很多胡萝卜 too many 太多 too many things 太多事情 few 很少；几乎没有 few trees 没有几棵树 a few 少量；一些 a few bags of salt 几袋盐 a number of 许多；大量 a number of students 许多学生 these 这些 these books 这些书 those 那些 those children 那些儿童 a couple of 一对；几个 a couple of birds 几只小鸟 ②只修饰不可数名词 单词/短语 意思 单词/短语 意思 much 很多 much water 很多水 too much 太多 too much salt 太多盐 little 很少；几乎没有 little meat 几乎没有肉 a little 少量；一些 a little chicken 一点鸡肉 a bit of 一点 a bit of food 一点食物 ③既可以修饰可数名词复数也可以修饰不可数名词 单词/短语 意思 单词/短语 意思 some, any 一些 some coffee 一些咖啡 a lot of/lots of plenty of 许多；大量 许多；大量 a lot of /lots of carrots plenty of bees 许多胡萝卜 许多蜜蜂 most 大部分 most people 大部分人 3.扩展 (1)可数名词单数作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式； (2)多个并列可数名词单数或可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 (3)“数词+名词+形容词”构成的复合形容词，中间的名词须用单数形式。 如：five-year-old 5岁大的； a five-yuan money 一张5元的钱 a six-foot-deep hole一个6英尺深的洞 (4)some 在否定句或一般疑问句中应变成any，但在表示请求、建议或希望得到肯定回答的问句中，不用变。 如：（肯定句） Xiao Lin has some bread for breakfast.小林早餐吃的面包。 （否定句）Xiao Lin doesn't have any bread for breakfast.小林早餐没吃面包。 （表示请求、邀请） Would you like some coffee?你想喝咖啡吗? （希望得到肯定的回答）Do you have some stamps?你有邮票吗? 1．There is a lot of ________ and three ________ on the table in the kitchen. A．sugar ; carrots B．potatoes ; bread C．salt ; chicken 2．To be honest, we have wasted a great number of ________ in this activity. A．water B．meat C．vegetables D．money 3．—What would you like to eat, Kate? —I’d like to eat some ________ and ________. A．beef; salad B．fishes; carrots C．dumpling; tofu D．mutton; bean 4．There is some ________ on the table. A．apple B．pear C．bread 思路点拨： 1.句意：厨房的桌子上有很多糖和三根胡萝卜。考查可数名词与不可数名词的用法。sugar糖，不可数名词；carrots胡萝卜，可数名词复数；potatoes土豆，可数名词复数；bread面包，不可数名词；salt盐，不可数名词；chicken若指鸡肉，为不可数名词。“a lot of”既可以接不可数名词，也可以接可数名词复数。根据“There is a lot of...”可知，此处应填不可数名词；“three”是数词，后要接可数名词复数。故选A。 2.句意：说实话，我们在这次活动中浪费了大量的蔬菜。 考查名词辨析。water水；meat肉；vegetables蔬菜；money钱。根据句意“wasted a great number of”可知，此处应填入一个可数名词复数形式，只有C项符合，故选C。 3.句意：——凯特，你想吃什么？——我想吃一些牛肉和沙拉。考查名词的数。beef牛肉，不可数名词；salad沙拉，不可数名词，表泛指；fishes多种鱼类，非鱼肉；carrots胡萝卜，可数名词复数；dumpling饺子，可数名词单数；tofu豆腐，不可数名词；mutton羊肉，不可数名词；bean豆子，可数名词单数。根据“some”可知，两个空处可以填可数名词复数或不可数名词。排除C、D选项。根据“What would you like to eat, Kate”可知，可以吃牛肉和沙拉。故选A。 4.句意：桌子上有一些面包。考查名词辨析。apple苹果，可数名词单数；pear梨，可数名词单数；bread面包，不可数名词。根据“There is some...”可知，此处是there be句型，be动词“is”表明主语是单数或不可数名词，又因为“some”修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词，所以此处应选不可数名词bread。故选C。 · 答案 1-4 ACAC 一、完形填空 Last week, I bought a sweater online by myself. When I received (收到) the sweater, I 1 that there was something wrong with it. First, the sweater was too 2 . I ordered a size M. 3 the sweater I got was size XL. Second, the sweater didn’t 4 soft (柔软的). So, I was a little 5 . I talked to the customer service agent (客服) about the 6 online. He was 7 and tried to solve the problems. 20 minutes 8 , he agreed (同意) to send me another sweater. What’s more (此外), I should send (邮寄) the big one back. The process (过程) was 9 and easy. So, I could get another new and cute 10 in 5 days. So, I’d like to give you some 11 on how to solve some problems of shopping online. 12 , you can talk to the customer service agent when you are in need. Second, don’t 13 anything. You should ask the customer service agent to change (更换) for another one 14 just return (退还) it. We may have some problems when shopping 15 but we can find some ways to solve these problems. I think you will have a nice shopping experience (经历). 1．A．watched B．found C．looked D．read 2．A．big B．wide C．long D．small 3．A．But B．And C．So D．Because 4．A．feel B．stay C．look D．change 5．A．happy B．sad C．tired D．glad 6．A．questions B．problems C．carrots D．steps 7．A．happy B．strong C．lovely D．friendly 8．A．ago B．later C．before D．in 9．A．good B．interesting C．quick D．exciting 10．A．sweater B．scarf C．skirt D．shirt 11．A．books B．sweaters C．suggestions D．talks 12．A．First B．Firstly C．Third D．thirdly 13．A．think of B．worry about C．talk about D．get around 14．A．or B．and C．but D．so 15．A．deeply B．specially C．carefully D．online 二、阅读理解 Summer is here, and it’s getting hotter. What should you drink when you’re thirsty? Here is a list showing which drinks keep you hydrated (补水的) best. Drinks with better hydration capacity (补水能力) can keep water in your body longer. But it doesn’t mean you feel less thirsty right after drinking them. While staying hydrated is important, remember to watch out for sugar and fat (脂肪) in some drinks. Drinking water is still the best choice. 16．What is important to watch out for in some drinks? A．Hydration capacity. B．Sugar and fat. C．Temperature. D．Color. 17．Which drink is mentioned as the best choice for staying hydrated? A．Cola. B．Coffee. C．Beer. D．Water. 18．________ has the highest hydration capacity according to (根据) this passage. A．Orange juice. B．Cola. C．Non-fat milk. D．Iced black tea. 19．What is the main idea of the passage? A．What to eat in summer B．How to stay cool in summer C．What to drink in the hot summer to stay hydrated D．How to avoid sugar and fat in summer 20．In which part of a magazine can you read this passage. A．Food. B．Sport. C．Cooking. D．Hobbies. B In recent years, many Chinese people have cared a lot about their health. They have realized that being overweight can cause many health problems. Since the 2010s, light meals have become a popular choice for healthy eating. “After watching athletes (运动员)in Olympic Games, I want to be fit and healthy like them,” said 21-year-old Li Xinwei from Beijing. “This week, I began to order light meals for dinner and do exercises to build muscles (肌肉).” Light meals are low in sugar and fat, and high in fiber and protein (纤维和蛋白质). They’re great for losing fat and building muscles. A light meal usually includes corn, vegetables, eggs, meat, nuts and so on. Each meal usually has only 200 to 500 calories (卡路里). What’s more, light meals can also keep the natural taste of the food by using simple cooking ways like steaming and boiling (蒸和煮). Many people think light meals are only Western dishes, like sandwiches or salads. However, many Chinese dishes are also light and healthy. For example, hand-torn chicken (手撕鸡), mixed vegetables and boiled shrimp are popular choices. Malatang is a hotpot dish enjoyed around China. . However, it’s also becoming lighter and healthier. Some young people often leave out high-calorie foods like meatballs and rice noodles to make it healthier. These dishes are not only easy to cook but also taste good. Light food helps people reach their health goals (目标)without making big changes to their eating habits. So, are you ready to enjoy light food? 21．Why did Li Xinwei start having light meals? A．He didn’t like other food. B．His friends told him to eat them. C．He wanted to lose weight quickly. D．He wanted to be fit and healthy like athletes. 22．What do we know about light meals? A．They are not difficult to prepare. B．They have lots of sugar and fiber. C．They have over 500 calories per meal. D．They are not very delicious. 23．What does the phrase “These dishes” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．Western dishes. B．Sandwiches or salads. C．Meatballs and rice noodles. D．Many Chinese dishes. 24．Which of the following can be put in “________”? A．You may think it’s not healthy. B．There are different ways to make it. C．It’s very popular among young people. D．Many people like to add vegetables to it. 25．What does the text mainly talk about? A．Light food in China. B．How to make healthy light food. C．The reasons why young people like light food. D．Differences between Western and Chinese light food. 三、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 Look at this video (视频) online. A teenager from another country 26 (cook ) the real Chinese food at home and teaching others. His name is Max Burns. He is 27 19-year-old English man. He is very popular on the Internet because of his videos of making Chinese food. 28 took Max’s parents many years to work in China. Max spent his first 13 years being immersed (沉浸于) in Chinese culture—learning the language and loving the food. When his family 29 (move) to Brighton, UK in 2016, Max missed Chinese food very much. He started 30 (order) takeaway food from local Chinese restaurants at first. But the meals didn’t taste the same as they were in China. They were also very expensive. Then Max decided to try to make Chinese 31 (dish) at home. Max found that many of his friends didn’t know much 32 the real Chinese food. He wanted to do something. Then he made videos of making Chinese food and put them online. He can even make jianbing—a traditional Chinese street food, 33 zongzi—a traditional Chinese rice dish. The videos helped 34 (he) win millions of fans all over the world. “When people ask me where I’m from, I find it hard to answer 35 I grew up in China and now I’m living in the UK,” he says. “I’m just trying to share Chinese and British culture with Chinese and English people, and build a cultural bridge between them.” 四、补全对话 根据下面的对话情景，在每个空白处填上一个适当的句子，使对话的意思连贯、完整。 A: Good morning, Lily. I will go to the new shopping mall. 36 ? B: I’d love to, Sandy. 37 ? A: About 4 kilometers. B: 38 ? A: We can take a bus or ride our bikes there. B: What do you want to buy? 39 ? A: No, I don’t. Why do we need to make a shopping list? B: Because it can help us know what we need and what we don’t really need. A: So it can help us spend our money wisely? B: Yes, it can. A: OK. 40 . 真题感知 1．（23-24七年级下·福建宁德·期末）It’s rainy today. You’d better take ________ when you go outside. A．a camera B．an umbrella C．a pair of sunglasses 2．（24-25七年·江苏扬州·期末）—How many ________ do you want, sir? —Two, please. A．glass of apple juices B．glass of apple juice C．glasses of apple juice D．glasses of apple juices 2．（23-24七年级上·吉林·期末）— How many ________ are there in the bag? — Two. A．potato B．carrot C．tomatoes D．rice 3．（22-23七年级上·内蒙古呼伦贝尔·期末）— How many students are there in the dining hall? — _______. Twenty-two boys and thirty-eight girls. A．Forty B．Fifty C．Sixty D．Seventy 4．（2023·湖南邵阳·中考真题）—What animals did you see on the farm, Tom? —I saw some ________. A．rabbit B．ducks C．sheeps 5．（2022·湖南湘西·中考真题）I’m not hungry at all because I just ate much ________. A．apples B．bananas C．bread 6．（2021·广西河池·中考真题）—Lisa, could you help me buy some ________ on your way home? —Ok, mom. A．egg B．beef C．banana D．potato 7．（2021·广西百色·中考真题）Uncle Li has a farm, there are some________ on the farm. A．chicken and sheep B．chickens and sheeps C．chickens and sheep D．chicken and sheeps 8．（2020·湖南湘西·中考真题）Annie took a lot of___________ with her mobile phone when she visited the Great Wall last summer holiday. A．photo B．photoes C．photos 提升专练 一、完形填空 Have you ever been to Italy before? Italy is 1 for its food and food is one of the Italian cultures. Italians find the great pleasure in sitting at a table, in a home or a restaurant to 2 a good meal together. Italian food is very healthy, and it has a lot of fruit and 3 in it, such as tomatoes, carrots and cabbages. If you go on a trip to Italy, you will be 4 the food and the wine there. You sit down in an expensive restaurant or a cheap one; the food is always good, but the 5 will be different from this restaurant to that one. For breakfast, you can have coffee 6 hot milk, or tea or hot chocolate, bread and rolls. The main meals, lunch and dinner are very important. You can 7 a lot of different foods. Lunch is usually at one o’clock, and dinner around half past seven in the evening. And it may be much 8 in Rome—it’s about nine. Cheese is an important 9 of an Italian meal, and most restaurants offer different kinds of cheese. Then comes fruit in season, and finally the dessert. Of course, we cannot forget its famous table wines, dessert wines, and beer. And there is also mineral water. At last, we must think of ice cream. In short, 10 in Italy can be a real experience. Don’t wait! Go to experience the food in Italy at once! 1．A．careful B．educational C．famous D．dangerous 2．A．enjoy B．refuse C．discuss D．change 3．A．vegetables B．drinks C．cream D．cakes 4．A．able to B．in half C．in control of D．surprised at 5．A．names B．tables C．prices D．answers 6．A．for B．with C．into D．from 7．A．taste B．train C．show D．make 8．A．longer B．newer C．earlier D．later 9．A．part B．food C．meal D．plate 10．A．playing B．eating C．talking D．living 二、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 Jane is a 30-year-old teacher from the US. In 11 (she) free time, she likes travelling and trying different food from different countries. 12 July 5th, 2024, she arrived in Beijing. After visiting the Great Wall, she couldn’t wait to go to a 13 (tradition) Chinese restaurant called Quanjude. There were many different 14 (kind) of dishes. “Their flavors (味道) are good,” she said. She nearly finished a whole Peking duck. “I didn’t like the taste of duck before, 15 Peking duck is so different and delicious.” Two days later, she 16 (fly) to Shaanxi. She took some beautiful 17 (photo) there. She also tasted roujiamo. “It looks a lot like hamburgers, 18 symbol of American food.” she said. Jane 19 (real) enjoys Chinese food. She wants 20 (go) back to China to try more Chinese food and learn the stories behind the food. 三、选词填空 请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯。注意每空一词，每词仅用一次，有两词为多余项。 animal  culture  fast  I  cause  hamburger serve  more  guess  but  about  common Hey everyone! It’s Nick here! Welcome to my vlog! Do you love 21 like me? Yes? Which kind do you like, beef or chicken? Well, my favourite is chicken hamburgers, 22 I don’t eat them too often. These days, the Chinese 23 food restaurant named Tasiting (塔斯汀) is getting hot. Today, I’d like to go there and have a try! Let’s go! Look! Here’s my hamburger from Tasiting! At first look, the hamburger is similar to the 24 ones. Let me have a taste! Wow! It’s so different and special. Can you 25 my choice? Haha, it’s a Beijing roast duck hamburger. I really love its taste! Tasiting 26 different kinds of hamburgers like the sweet and sour pork (糖醋里脊) hamburgers and the pickles with fish (酸菜鱼) hamburgers. They’re really Chinese, right? I fell in love with the Chinese hamburger from Tasiting! It makes me think 27 Chinese food and western hamburgers in a new way. Also, it’s a blend (融合) of food 28 and innovation (创新). Oh, I can’t wait to try 29 ! Which Tasiting hamburger do you think will become 30 new favourite? 四、任务型阅读 阅读短文，然后根据内容回答问题。 I love breakfast. It’s my favourite meal of the day! I think it is important to eat a big breakfast because I can have enough energy for the day. I live in England with other young people from all over Europe. I feel that my breakfast habit is different from others. I know that different countries have different foods. As an Englishman, I eat bread for breakfast. Bread with butter (黄油) is the best choice. Sometimes, I also have an egg or two. But Italians just want to eat chocolate chip biscuits (饼干) and drink coffee. At first, I didn’t understand their eating habits. How could anyone start their day with just biscuits and coffee? But later, I tried some of those biscuits, and I had to admit (承认) they are very delicious. And I really like the French habit of drinking hot chocolate with their breakfast. The thick, warm chocolate is so tasty (美味的). The Germans serve cheese to eat with my bread! They often have all kinds of cold cuts and cheeses on the table in the morning. At last, we find that we all like bread and chocolate. So, every morning, we sit around the table, talking and sharing different kinds of bread and chocolate. It’s a wonderful way to start the day, by learning about different cultures through our breakfasts. 31．Why does the writer think breakfast is important? 32．What do Italians usually have for breakfast? 33．What do the writer and other young people do every morning? 34．Do you think sharing different breakfast foods can help learn about other cultures? Why or why not? 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$