Unit 1 People of Achievement（教材考点精练）英语人教版2019选择性必修第一册

Unit 1 People of achievement(教材考点精练) (时间：60分钟，满分：100分) 1、 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空(本大题共40小题，每小题1分，共40分) 1．To my great delight, Tom has (gradual) adapted to his life in the city. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2．Her (remark) achievement earned her a scholarship to the famous university. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3．Now in the mid-eastern part, it is (extraordinary)difficult for the rest of the world to come to an agreement. (所给词的适当形式填空) 4．When fighting with natural disasters, the workers were (passion) and looked for entertainment through competition. (所给词的适当形式填空) 5．He is widely (acknowledge) as the best player in the world. (所给词的适当形式填空) 6．He was (apparent) much surprised at the news that the amateur athlete beat the professional one who ranked top ten. (所给词的适当形式填空) 7．He insist on (give) every detail of the case. （所给词的适当形式填空） 8．The key to success as a romantic (novel) is absolute belief in your story. (所给词的适当形式填空) 9．He tried boiling fresh wormwood, and (use) the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria. （所给词的适当形式填空） 10．I saw leaves moving (gentle) in the breeze. （所给词的适当形式填空） 11．In the war, they narrowly avoided (defeat) by the enemy. (所给词的适当形式填空) 12．On (arrive), he hugged my uncle and tried to give him courage. (所给词的适当形式填空) 13．They did an experiment and compared the physical (property) of the two substances. （所给词的适当形式填空） 14．In (conclude),they are proud of themselves and firmly believe they can do more for a better world. (所给词的适当形式填空) 15．As a (commit)scientist，Tu Youyou cares little about fame and wealth. (所给词的适当形式填空) 16．At the meeting they presented a detailed (analyse)of twelve schools in this city. (所给词的适当形式填空) 17．According to experts，viewing childhood development as a (science) investigation throws light on how children learn. (所给词的适当形式填空) 18．It is acknowledged that the (discover)is the most exciting new development in this field. (所给词的适当形式填空) 19．Tom’s brother, work takes him all over the world, is in Hainan at the moment. (用适当的词填空) 20．As the only daughter of the family，Mary is always longing for that time， she should be able to be independent. (用适当的词填空) 21．The police must give the suspect the reasons they are arresting him and tell him his rights under the law. (用适当的词填空) 22．Mr. Smith is a learned professor, from I have learned a lot. （用适当的词填空） 23．The doctor insisted that the patient (hurt) badly and that he (operate) on at once. (所给词的适当形式填空) 24．Look at your skills (objective) when deciding on a career change. (所给词的适当形式填空) 25．Philosophers didn’t use to make a (distinct) between arts and science. (所给词的适当形式填空) 26．Interest is as vital learning as the ability to understand, even more so.(用适当的词填空) 27．Our research attempts (evaluate) the effectiveness of the different drugs. (所给词的适当形式填空) 28．Here’s some (boil) water. Have a drink whenever you’re thirsty. (所给词的适当形式填空) 29． (circumstance) permitting, I’ll go abroad to study. (所给词的适当形式填空) 30．Despite the hardship he (encounter), Mark never abandoned the pursuit of knowledge. (所给词的适当形式填空) 31．While (wait) at the bus stop, she met the famous professor. (所给词的适当形式填空) 32．Time and time again she was warned of the (consequent) of her action. (所给词的适当形式填空) 33．Only when (theory) are combined with practice can we know how they work. (所给词的适当形式填空) 34． (found) in last century, the church has a history of about 90 years. (所给词的适当形式填空) 35．All the problems (solve), he went on a holiday to have a rest. (所给词的适当形式填空) 36．Our company has a (commit) to quality and customer service.(所给词的适当形式填空) 37．It is a great honour (deliver) a speech to share with you my opinions on Beijing Opera. (所给词的适当形式填空) 38．She received a special award in (acknowledge) of all her hard work. (所给词的适当形式填空) 39．It’s a shame that our team (defeat) again. (所给词的适当形式填空) 40．This is just the place I am looking forward to visiting these years. (用适当的词填空) 2、 根据句意及首字母或汉语提示完成单词(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分) 1．When the bomb exploded, all the people in the street panicked into (逃跑) in all directions. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 2．When the gate is raised, the water can (流动) freely. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 3．But the custom in our country is different from overseas, we process food (主要地) by frying. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 4．With the help of some (科学的) method, the cultural relic has survived for a long time. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 5．Actually many countries are undertaking it and have (获得) great breakthroughs. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 6．A man can be destroyed but not （打败）（根据汉语提示单词拼写） 7．Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) is (关键的) to growth. （根据汉语提示单词拼写） 8．Although she (建立) her company early on in life, she wasn’t driven primarily by profit. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 9．The meaning of the new word can be (推断) from the context.(根据汉语提示单词拼写) 10．It was by chance that I (遇到) my former classmate on the street the other day. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 11．Learning how to (感谢) someone who helps you is a traditional Chinese outstanding virtue. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 12．As a graduating high school student who has a (激情) for volunteering, I will have enough time and energy to invest in my community. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 13．The meltwater from the Alps meant the water was very cold at that time of year, and it (流动) quickly. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 14．He is kind, (温柔的) and helpful. To sum up, he is a nice guy. (根据汉语提示单拼写) 15．I’m very glad to see that your vocabulary is (逐渐地) building up. （根据汉语提示单词拼写） 16．Nancy has a (天赋) for language, which makes it easy for her to master a foreign language. （根据汉语提示单词拼写） 17．Obviously, a more (客观的) method of description must be adopted. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 18．It is an (显然) ideal way to conclude a season of summer reading. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 19．Water is （必不可少的）to keep every living thing alive. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 20．This is a fine book, a (有价值的) addition to the Cambridge Encyclopedia series. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 3、 完成句子(本大题共20小题，每小题2分，共40分) 1．我们可以得出结论： 当我们面对困难的时候， 只有通过共同合作我们才能克服困难。 We can   when we face the difficulty, only by working together can we overcome it. 2．正是由于他的努力，他的事业才有了起色，他的公司才有了崭新的面貌。 It is because of his great efforts that his career and his company . 3．Einstein, who was Jewish, to him. (find+宾语+宾语补足语) 爱因斯坦是犹太人，他发现学术机构的大门对他关闭了。 4．她失去了双臂，但她却有着一颗充满了热情与坚毅的心。 She has no arms but she still has a mind filled and purpose. 5．我的对手试图打败我，结果却使我变得更强大。(用动词不定式(短语)完成句子) My opponent attempted to defeat me, . 6．警察在我们的社会中起着极其重要的作用。 The police in our society. 7．普遍认为梅西是世界上最优秀的足球运动员。(acknowledge) Messi is the best football player in the world. 8．对孩子坦诚非常重要。   honest with children. 9．在任何情况下，青少年都不应盲目跟从大众媒体上的负面信息。 negative information on mass media blindly. 10．他每天必须工作12个小时，在这种情况下，他无法接受这项工作。 He had to work twelve hours a day, and he found the job unacceptable. 11．无论如何他们都会来助我们一臂之力。 , they will come and help us. 12．许多学生不再吃零食，因为他们意识到它们对健康的潜在危害。(no longer, potential) because they are aware of . 13．富含纤维的食物分解缓慢，让我们感觉很饱。 Fiber-rich foods are broken down slowly, . 14．屠呦呦与团队甚至坚持以身试药，以确保药物的安全性。 Tu Youyou and her team members even testing the medicine on themselves to that it was safe . 15．我本来计划走回去，但是杰克坚持要叫的士，所以我只好让步。 I had planned to walk back, but Jack calling a taxi, so I had to . 16．她的才华是如此出众，以至于她的竞争对手都很钦佩她。(倒装句) her competitor admired her very much. 17．该志愿队由50名学生组成,他们热情、慷慨且乐于助人。(代词+of+关系代词) The voluntary team is made up of 50 students, . 18．金先生的双腿严重受伤，被迅速送往了医院。 Mr King, , was quickly taken to hospital. 19．她是第三次赢得比赛了，这让我们都很吃惊。 It is the third time that she has won the race, . 20．To learn Chinese well，reading interesting Chinese news every day . 为了学好汉语，每天阅读有趣的汉语新闻对于来自美国的交换生来说很重要。 ( 3 / 4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 1 People of achievement(教材考点精练) (时间：60分钟，满分：100分) 1、 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空(本大题共40小题，每小题1分，共40分) 1．To my great delight, Tom has (gradual) adapted to his life in the city. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】gradually 【详解】考查副词。句意：令我高兴的是，汤姆已经逐渐适应了城市生活。空格处修饰动词adapted，应用副词gradually，作状语。故填gradually。 2．Her (remark) achievement earned her a scholarship to the famous university. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】remarkable 【详解】考查形容词。句意：她引人瞩目的成就为她赢得了这所著名大学的奖学金。achievement为名词，需要用形容词来修饰，remark为名词或动词，需用其形容词形式用于描述成就的性质特点。故填remarkable。 3．Now in the mid-eastern part, it is (extraordinary)difficult for the rest of the world to come to an agreement. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】extraordinarily 【详解】考查副词。句意：现在在中东地区，世界其他地区要达成协议是异常困难的。分析句子可知，空中的词用来修饰形容词作状语，应用副词形式，故填extraordinarily。 4．When fighting with natural disasters, the workers were (passion) and looked for entertainment through competition. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】passionate 【详解】考查形容词。句意：在与自然灾害的斗争中，工人们充满激情，通过竞争寻找娱乐。分析可知，空前为系动词“were”，所填空应是形容词作表语。passion名词，意为“热情；酷爱”，其形容词形式为“passionate”，意为“热情的；热烈的”。故填passionate。 5．He is widely (acknowledge) as the best player in the world. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】acknowledged 【分析】本题考查词汇的语境应用能力和语法能力。 【详解】考查被动语态。句意：他被公认为是世界上最好的运动员。分析可知，所填动词acknowledge，意为“承认；认可”，与空前“is”构成被动语态作句子谓语。be acknowledged as，“被承认是……”。故填acknowledged。 6．He was (apparent) much surprised at the news that the amateur athlete beat the professional one who ranked top ten. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】apparently 【分析】本题考查词汇的语境应用能力和语法能力。 【详解】考查副词。句意：他显然对业余运动员击败排名前十的职业运动员的消息感到非常惊讶。分析可知，副词修饰much surprised。apparent，形容词，意为“明显的”，其副词形式为“apparently”，意为“显然地；似乎”。故填apparently。 7．He insist on (give) every detail of the case. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】being given 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意为：他坚决要求被告知案件的每一个细节。insist on (doing) sth.“坚决要求干某事”是动词固定用法，动名词作介词宾语，动词give和主语he之间是被动关系，故用动名词的被动语态being done表达。故填being given。 8．The key to success as a romantic (novel) is absolute belief in your story. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】novelist 【详解】考查名词。句意：作为一个浪漫主义小说家，成功的关键是绝对相信你的故事。根据前面的a可知，所填的词是名词形式，作宾语。novelist意为“小说家”，为可数名词，这里应用单数。故填novelist。 9．He tried boiling fresh wormwood, and (use) the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】using 【详解】考查动名词。句意：他尝试煮沸新鲜的艾草，并使用从这里获得的液体来治疗疟疾。此处动名词boiling和using并列，为tried的宾语。故填using。 10．I saw leaves moving (gentle) in the breeze. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】gently 【详解】考查副词。句意：我看见树叶在微风中轻轻飘动。修饰动词move用副词，故填gently。 11．In the war, they narrowly avoided (defeat) by the enemy. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】being defeated 【分析】本题考查词汇语法语境应用能力。 【详解】考查动名词。句意：在战争中，他们险些被敌人打败。分析可知，avoid 之后应是动名词作宾语，所填动词与主语之间为被动关系，应用动名词的被动形式，being done。故填being defeated。 12．On (arrive), he hugged my uncle and tried to give him courage. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】arrival 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：他一到达，就拥抱了我叔叔，并尽力给他勇气。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短语“on/upon+n./doing”，意为“一……就……”，在句中作时间状语，“arrive”意为“到达”，动词词性，对应的名词形式为“arrival”，意为“到达”，为不可数名词，空格后无具体的地点状语，故不用“arriving”。故填arrival。 13．They did an experiment and compared the physical (property) of the two substances. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】properties 【详解】考查名词。句意：他们做了实验比较了这两种物质的物理特性。physical为形容词，作定语修饰名词，设空处需填名词，property意为“特性”，是可数名词，根据two substances可知，此处需用名词复数形式。故填properties。 14．In (conclude),they are proud of themselves and firmly believe they can do more for a better world. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】conclusion 【详解】考查名词。句意：总之，他们为自己感到自豪，并坚信他们可以为一个更美好的世界做更多的事情。in conclusion为固定短语，意为“总之”。故填conclusion。 15．As a (commit)scientist，Tu Youyou cares little about fame and wealth. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】committed 【详解】考查形容词。句意：作为一名忠诚的科学家， 屠呦呦几乎不关心名誉和财富。分析句子可知，空处应使用形容词作定语修饰名词scientist，committed意为“忠诚的”。故填committed。 16．At the meeting they presented a detailed (analyse)of twelve schools in this city. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】analysis 【详解】考查名词。句意：在会议上，他们详细分析了城市的12 所学校。空处需填名词作宾语，不定冠词a修饰单数可数名词。故填analysis。 17．According to experts，viewing childhood development as a (science) investigation throws light on how children learn. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】scientific 【详解】考查形容词。句意：根据科学家的说法，观察孩子的发展作为科学调查让人们知道了孩子如何学习。分析句子可知，空处需形容词scientific“科学的”作定语修饰名词investigation“调查”，故填scientific。 18．It is acknowledged that the (discover)is the most exciting new development in this field. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】discovery 【详解】考查名词。句意：人们公认这次发现是这一领域最令人兴奋的新发展。所填的词作从句主语，所以用名词形式，discovery“发现”是可数名词，根据从句谓语动词is判断主语为单数。故填discovery。 19．Tom’s brother, work takes him all over the world, is in Hainan at the moment. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：汤姆的哥哥，此刻正在海南，他的工作使他周游全世界。分析句子结构可知，空处需用关系词引导定语从句，先行词是Tom’s brother，指人，关系词在定语从句作名词work的定语，表示所属关系，意为“……的”，所以空处需用关系代词whose引导非限制性定语从句。故填whose。 20．As the only daughter of the family，Mary is always longing for that time， she should be able to be independent. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：作为家里的独生女，玛丽一直渴望着自己能够独立的那一天。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句修饰先行词time，先行词在从句中充当时间状语，应用关系副词when。故填when。 21．The police must give the suspect the reasons they are arresting him and tell him his rights under the law. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】why 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：警方必须告诉嫌疑人逮捕他的原因，并告诉他法律赋予他的权利。空处引导定语从句，先行词为reasons，空处在从句中作原因状语，故填why。 22．Mr. Smith is a learned professor, from I have learned a lot. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：史密斯先生是一位学识渊博的教授，我向他学到了很多东西。此处为介词+关系代词的定语从句，先行词Mr. Smith是人，所以用关系代词whom引导非限制性定语从句。故填whom。 23．The doctor insisted that the patient (hurt) badly and that he (operate) on at once. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】 was hurt be operated/should be operated 【详解】考查时态、虚拟语气和被动语态。句意：医生坚持说患者伤得很重，必须立即动手术。insist表示“坚持说，坚持认为”时，其后的宾语从句谓语动词根据实际情况使用相应的时态；表示“坚决要求”时，其后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用should+动词原形形式，should可以省略。本句中前一个宾语从句表示“坚持说”，根据主句时态可知，从句用一般过去时，且主语the patient和hurt之间是被动关系，因此用一般过去时的被动语态，主语the patient，为单数形式，be动词用was；第二个宾语从句表示“坚持要求”，用虚拟语气，从句主语he与动词短语operate on之间是被动关系，用被动语态，因而填be operated或should be operated。故填①was hurt；②be operated或should be operated。 24．Look at your skills (objective) when deciding on a career change. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】objectively 【详解】考查副词。句意：决定转行时，要客观审视自己的技能。本空应用副词作状语，修饰谓语动词look at，objective的副词为objectively“客观地”。故填objectively。 25．Philosophers didn’t use to make a (distinct) between arts and science. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】distinction 【详解】考查名词。句意：哲学家们过去并不对艺术和科学进行区分。设空前有a，应用distinct的名词形式distinction，作宾语，意为“区分，区别”，故填distinction。 26．Interest is as vital learning as the ability to understand, even more so.(用适当的词填空) 【答案】to/for 【详解】考查介词。句意：兴趣对学习和理解能力一样重要，甚至更重要。be vital for/to doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“对……至关重要的，对……不可缺少的”。故填to/for。 27．Our research attempts (evaluate) the effectiveness of the different drugs. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to evaluate 【详解】考查不定式。句意：我们的研究旨在评估不同药物的有效性。动词attempt后接不定式作宾语，表示“试图做某事”，故填to evaluate。 28．Here’s some (boil) water. Have a drink whenever you’re thirsty. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】boiled 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：这是些烧开了的水。你渴了就可以随时喝。此处用过去分词修饰名词water，作名词的定语，boiled是过去分词，表示动作已经完成，boiled water即“烧开的水”，注意正在沸腾的水（boiling water）不能喝，所以不能使用boiling。故填boiled。 29． (circumstance) permitting, I’ll go abroad to study. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Circumstances 【详解】考查名词。句意：如果情况允许，我将出国留学。此处为名词作现在分词permitting的逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构，circumstance意为“情况”为可数名词单数，空前无限定词，所以使用名词复数形式表泛指，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Circumstances。 30．Despite the hardship he (encounter), Mark never abandoned the pursuit of knowledge. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】encountered 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：尽管遇到了困难，马克从未放弃对知识的追求。马克遇到困难的动作发生在过去，时态应用一般过去时，谓语用encounter“遇到”的过去式encountered。故填encountered。 31．While (wait) at the bus stop, she met the famous professor. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】waiting 【详解】考查状语从句的省略、时态。句意：在公交车站等车的时候，她遇到了那位著名的教授。wait“等”。当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时或从句主语为it，且从句含有be动词时，可以省略状语从句的主语和be动词。本句While引导的时间状语从句完整句子为While she was ___ (wait) at the bus stop，故用waiting与空前的was构成过去进行时。故填waiting。 32．Time and time again she was warned of the (consequent) of her action. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】consequence 【详解】考查名词。句意：她一次又一次地被警告她行为的后果。此处应用consequent的名词形式consequence“后果”，作介词of的宾语。故填consequence。 33．Only when (theory) are combined with practice can we know how they work. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】theories 【详解】考查名词。句意：只有当理论与实践相结合时，我们才能知道它们是如何起作用的。此处 theory 意为“理论”，是可数名词，根据后面的 are 可知，此处要用名词复数形式 theories，故填 theories。 34． (found) in last century, the church has a history of about 90 years. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Founded 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这座教堂建于上个世纪，已有约 90 年的历史。空白处在句子中做状语，使用非谓语动词，此处 the church与found之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词 Founded，故填 Founded。 35．All the problems (solve), he went on a holiday to have a rest. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】solved 【详解】考查独立主格结构。句意：所有问题都解决了，他去度假休息。本句谓语为went，此处为非谓语动词，且problems与solve“解决”为被动关系，应用过去分词，与All the problems构成独立主格结构。故填solved。 36．Our company has a (commit) to quality and customer service.(所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】commitment 【详解】考查名词。句意：我们公司承诺保证质量和客户服务。a后跟可数名词的单数形式，commit的名词是commitment，have a commitment to意为“对……有承诺”，故填commitment。 37．It is a great honour (deliver) a speech to share with you my opinions on Beijing Opera. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to deliver 【详解】考查固定句型和不定式。句意：很荣幸能在这里发表演讲，与大家分享我对京剧的看法。根据句意和空格前的It is a great honour以及所给动词deliver分析句子可知，空格处应该填入不定式to deliver构成固定句型It is a great honour to do something，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的to do不定式。故填to deliver。 38．She received a special award in (acknowledge) of all her hard work. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】acknowledgement 【详解】考查名词。句意：她因为所有的努力工作而获得了一个特别奖。提示词作介词宾语，用名词acknowledgement，意为“感谢；谢礼”，不可数名词；in acknowledgement of“对……表示感谢”。故填acknowledgement。 39．It’s a shame that our team (defeat) again. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was defeated 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：我们队又输了，真可惜。空处为that引导主语从句的谓语动词，主语team与defeat构成被动关系，且从句描述过去的事情，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语our team为单数，be动词用was。故填was defeated。 40．This is just the place I am looking forward to visiting these years. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这正是我这些年来一直盼望着去参观的地方。此处为关系词引导的定语从句，从句中缺少visiting的宾语，且先行词place指地点，所以使用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。 2、 根据句意及首字母或汉语提示完成单词(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分) 1．When the bomb exploded, all the people in the street panicked into (逃跑) in all directions. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】fleeing 【详解】考查动名词。句意：炸弹爆炸时，街上所有的人都惊慌失措，四散逃散。根据提示的汉语，此处表示“逃跑”为动词flee，位于介词into之后，所以此处使用动名词形式作宾语。故填fleeing。 2．When the gate is raised, the water can (流动) freely. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】flow 【详解】考查动词。句意：当闸门升起时，水可以自由流动。根据提示的汉语，此处表示“流动”为flow，位于情态动词can之后，所以使用动词原形。故填flow。 3．But the custom in our country is different from overseas, we process food (主要地) by frying. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】mostly 【详解】考查副词。句意：但我们国家的习俗与国外不同，我们大多用油炸的方式加工食品。根据汉语提示可知，应用副词mostly“主要地”，修饰后文介词短语。故填mostly。 4．With the help of some (科学的) method, the cultural relic has survived for a long time. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】scientific 【详解】考查形容词。句意：在科学方法的帮助下，这件文物已经保存了很长时间。根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“科学的”应用scientific，为形容词，在本句中作定语修饰后面名词method。故填scientific。 5．Actually many countries are undertaking it and have (获得) great breakthroughs. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】obtained 【详解】考查动词。句意：实际上，许多国家都在进行，并取得了很大的突破。“获得”用动词obtain；have后接动词的过去分词形式，构成现在完成时。根据汉语提示及句意，故填obtained。 6．A man can be destroyed but not （打败）（根据汉语提示单词拼写） 【答案】defeated 【详解】考查动词。句意：一个人可以被摧毁，但不能被打败。根据句意、句子结构和汉语提示“打败”可知，此处应用动词defeat的过去分词和前文can be构成含情态动词的被动语态。故填defeated。 7．Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) is (关键的) to growth. （根据汉语提示单词拼写） 【答案】crucial/vital 【详解】考查形容词。句意：寻求并接受建设性的反馈对成长至关重要。空前是系动词，所以空处应填形容词作表语，根据所给中文提示词，应是crucial或者vital意为“关键的”。故填crucial或者vital。 8．Although she (建立) her company early on in life, she wasn’t driven primarily by profit. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】founded 【详解】考查动词。句意：虽然她很早就创立了自己的公司，但她的主要动机并不是利润。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为动词found“创立”，满足句意要求，结合主句动词wasn’t driven可知，此处动词应为一般过去时。故填founded。 9．The meaning of the new word can be (推断) from the context.(根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】inferred 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：这个新词的意思可以从上下文中推断出来。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为动词infer“推断”，满足句意要求，结合句意以及空前be动词可知，此处为动词被动语态结构，所以为过去分词形式。故填inferred。 10．It was by chance that I (遇到) my former classmate on the street the other day. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】encountered 【详解】考查动词。句意：前几天我在街上偶然遇到了我以前的同学。空处作谓语，结合“by chance”可知，“遇到”应用动词encounter，侧重一种不期而遇的情况，且时间状语是the other day，时态应用一般过去时。故填encountered。 11．Learning how to (感谢) someone who helps you is a traditional Chinese outstanding virtue. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】acknowledge 【详解】考查动词。句意：学习如何感谢帮助自己的人是中华民族的传统优秀美德。how to do表示“如何做”，动词不定式后用动词原形，根据汉语提示可知，空格处应该填入动词acknowledge，故填acknowledge。 12．As a graduating high school student who has a (激情) for volunteering, I will have enough time and energy to invest in my community. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】passion 【详解】考查名词。句意：作为一名热衷于志愿服务的即将毕业的高中生，我将有足够的时间和精力投入到我的社区中。表示“激情”用passion，此处作has宾语，放在a后用名词单数。故填passion。 13．The meltwater from the Alps meant the water was very cold at that time of year, and it (流动) quickly. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】flowed 【详解】考查动词。句意：阿尔卑斯山的融水意味着一年中的那个时候水非常冷，而且流速很快。“流动”为动词flow作谓语，句子描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，故填flowed。 14．He is kind, (温柔的) and helpful. To sum up, he is a nice guy. (根据汉语提示单拼写) 【答案】gentle 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他善良、温柔、乐于助人。总之，他是个好人。分析句子结构可知，此处应为形容词作表语，根据提示的汉语，表示“温柔的”应为gentle符合句意。故填gentle。 15．I’m very glad to see that your vocabulary is (逐渐地) building up. （根据汉语提示单词拼写） 【答案】gradually 【详解】考查副词。句意：我很高兴看到你的词汇量在逐渐增加。空处应用副词修饰building up，结合汉语提示，这里应用gradually，意为“逐渐地”。故填gradually。 16．Nancy has a (天赋) for language, which makes it easy for her to master a foreign language. （根据汉语提示单词拼写） 【答案】genius 【详解】考查名词。句意：南希有语言天赋，这使她很容易掌握一门外语。根据空前的a，这里应用名词单数，再结合汉语提示，这里应用genius，意为“（特别的）才能，本领”，a genius for...意为“……方面的才能”。故填genius。 17．Obviously, a more (客观的) method of description must be adopted. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】objective 【详解】考查形容词。句意：显然，必须采用一种更客观的描述方法。根据汉语提示可知，空处需要形容词objective“客观的”，在句中作定语修饰后面的名词短语method of description。故填objective。 18．It is an (显然) ideal way to conclude a season of summer reading. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】apparently 【详解】考查副词。句意：这显然是结束一个夏季阅读季的理想方式。根据汉语提示可知，apparently“显然”，副词，作状语修饰形容词ideal，故填apparently。 19．Water is （必不可少的）to keep every living thing alive. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】vital 【详解】考查形容词。句意：水对于保持生物活着是必不可少的。分析句子可知，be动词is后需用形容词作表语，根据句意可知，形容词vital表示“必不可少的”的意思。故填vital。 20．This is a fine book, a (有价值的) addition to the Cambridge Encyclopedia series. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】worthy 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这是一本好书，是剑桥百科全书系列中值得增编的一本。根据汉语提示“有价值的”，可知应填形容词worthy，作定语修饰名词addition。故填worthy。 3、 完成句子(本大题共20小题，每小题2分，共40分) 1．我们可以得出结论： 当我们面对困难的时候， 只有通过共同合作我们才能克服困难。 We can   when we face the difficulty, only by working together can we overcome it. 【答案】draw the conclusion that 【详解】考查固定搭配和同位语从句。draw the conclusion意为“得出结论”。根据汉语提示并分析句子结构，“when we face the difficulty, only by working together can we overcome it”是对conclusion的具体解释说明，且从句成分和意义完整，所以应用that引导同位语从句。空前有can，空处应用动词原形。故填draw the conclusion that。 2．正是由于他的努力，他的事业才有了起色，他的公司才有了崭新的面貌。 It is because of his great efforts that his career and his company . 【答案】 has taken off has taken on a new look 【详解】考查时态，固定搭配。根据句意可知，空1，“有了起色”译为固定搭配take off，且表示他的努力对现在造成的影响，故应为现在完成时，再照应空前主语“his career”，故应为单数；空2，“有了，呈现”译为固定搭配take on，且表示他的努力对现在造成的影响，故应为现在完成时，再照应空前主语“his company”，故应为单数，“新的面貌”译为new look，表示泛指，故应为单数。故填has taken off；has taken on a new look。 3．Einstein, who was Jewish, to him. (find+宾语+宾语补足语) 爱因斯坦是犹太人，他发现学术机构的大门对他关闭了。 【答案】found the doors of academic institutions closed 【详解】考查固定短语和时态。根据汉语可知，空处表示“发现学术机构的大门关闭了”，结合提示可知，应用“find+宾语+宾语补足语”的结构表示“发现某物……”，其中的宾语“学术机构的大门”可译为名词短语the doors of academic institutions，宾语补足语“关闭了”可译为形容词closed，且结合was可知，句子描述的是过去发生的事情，时态应用一般过去时，find应用过去式形式found。故填found the doors of academic institutions closed。 4．她失去了双臂，但她却有着一颗充满了热情与坚毅的心。 She has no arms but she still has a mind filled and purpose. 【答案】with passion 【详解】考查固定搭配。根据汉语提示，表示“充满”应该用filled with sth，句中filled为形容词作后置定语，表示“热情”应该用passion，为不可数名词。故表示“充满热情”应该用with passion。故填with passion。 5．我的对手试图打败我，结果却使我变得更强大。(用动词不定式(短语)完成句子) My opponent attempted to defeat me, . 【答案】only to make me stronger 【详解】考查不定式和动词。根据中英文提示，空处为“结果却使我变得更强大”，作结果状语，表示意料之外的结果，用不定式形式，only表示强调，“使我变得更强大”用make+宾语+宾语补足语结构，stronger“更强大的”，形容词比较级作宾语补足语，故填only to make me stronger 6．警察在我们的社会中起着极其重要的作用。 The police in our society. 【答案】 play/have a vital role/part 【详解】考查固定短语和时态。分析可知空处表示“起着极其重要的作用”，play/have a vital role/part为固定短语，表示“起着极其重要的作用”，本句在描述事实，为一般现在时，故填①play/have②a③vital④role/part。 7．普遍认为梅西是世界上最优秀的足球运动员。(acknowledge) Messi is the best football player in the world. 【答案】It is widely acknowledged that 【详解】考查固定句型。句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时，根据句意可知，表示“普遍认为”可用固定句型It is widely acknowledged that，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语为that从句。故答案为It is widely acknowledged that。 8．对孩子坦诚非常重要。   honest with children. 【答案】 It is vital to be 【详解】考查固定句型和时态。根据中英文提示可知，需要翻译的部分为“对……非常重要”，此句陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，It is vital to do...为固定句型，表示“……非常重要”，it为形式主语，动词不定式为真正的主语；表示“对……坦诚”应用固定短语be honest with，位于动词不定式符号to后面，be动词使用原形。故填①It；②is；③vital；④to；⑤be。 9．在任何情况下，青少年都不应盲目跟从大众媒体上的负面信息。 negative information on mass media blindly. 【答案】 Under/In no circumstances should teenagers follow 【详解】考查倒装句、固定短语和情态动词。“在任何情况下，青少年都不应跟从”用介词短语under/in no circumstances位于句首，部分倒装的句型，情态动词should提到主语teenagers前面，“跟从”是动词follow，故填Under/In no circumstances should teenagers follow。 10．他每天必须工作12个小时，在这种情况下，他无法接受这项工作。 He had to work twelve hours a day, and he found the job unacceptable. 【答案】 under/in/given the circumstances 【详解】考查介词短语。“在这种情况下”可以用under/in/given the circumstances表示，故填under/in/given the circumstances。 11．无论如何他们都会来助我们一臂之力。 , they will come and help us. 【答案】 Under/In any circumstance 【详解】考查介词短语。“无论如何”可以用介词短语under/in any circumstance表示，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Under/In any circumstance。 12．许多学生不再吃零食，因为他们意识到它们对健康的潜在危害。(no longer, potential) because they are aware of . 【答案】 Many students no longer have snacks their potential harm to health 【详解】考查短语和时态。“许多学生不再吃零食”为主句，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，表示“不再”应用短语no longer；表示“吃零食”应用have snacks；“对健康的潜在危害”作介词of的宾语，表示“潜在的”应用形容词potential；表示“对……的危害”应用harm to sth.。故填Many students no longer have snacks；their potential harm to health。 13．富含纤维的食物分解缓慢，让我们感觉很饱。 Fiber-rich foods are broken down slowly, . 【答案】which make us feel full 【详解】考查定语从句。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰上文句子，从句缺少主语，故用which；表示“让我们感觉很饱”应用make us feel full，结合are可知为一般现在时。故填which make us feel full。 14．屠呦呦与团队甚至坚持以身试药，以确保药物的安全性。 Tu Youyou and her team members even testing the medicine on themselves to that it was safe . 【答案】 insisted on make sure 【详解】考查动词短语和时态。对比中英文句意可知，第一空处需表示“坚持”之意，insist on“坚持”，动词短语，符合题意；根据后文was可知，空处谓语动词需用一般过去时。所以填insisted on。表示“确保”用短语make sure，第二空前to为不定式符号，所以第二空动词用原形，故填①insisted on；②make sure。 15．我本来计划走回去，但是杰克坚持要叫的士，所以我只好让步。 I had planned to walk back, but Jack calling a taxi, so I had to . 【答案】 insisted on give in 【详解】考查短语。insist on doing sth坚持做某事，根据句中时态可知，陈述过去事情，用一般过去时，所以but后面的句子中，谓语动词insist应用过去式。give in屈服，让步，have to do sth.不得不做某事。根据句意，故填①insisted②on③give④in。 16．她的才华是如此出众，以至于她的竞争对手都很钦佩她。(倒装句) her competitor admired her very much. 【答案】So extraordinary were her talents that 【详解】考查倒装和固定句型。如此……以至于……，可用固定句型so/such...that...，她的才华是主语，译为“her talents”，“出众的，非凡的”，用形容词extraordinary，因为是形容词，所以用副词so修饰，根据后半句可知时态为一般过去时，所以设空处正序应为 Her talents were so extraordinary that，变为倒装句把表语so extraordinary提到句首，be动词提到主语前面，故填So extraordinary were her talents that。 17．该志愿队由50名学生组成,他们热情、慷慨且乐于助人。(代词+of+关系代词) The voluntary team is made up of 50 students, . 【答案】all of whom are warm, generous and ready to offer help 【详解】考查定语从句。此处是“代词+of+关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是50 students，所以关系代词用whom；表示“热情、慷慨且乐于助人”翻译为be warm, generous and ready to offer help，结合is可知为一般现在时。故填all of whom are warm, generous and ready to offer help。 18．金先生的双腿严重受伤，被迅速送往了医院。 Mr King, , was quickly taken to hospital. 【答案】whose legs were badly hurt/whose legs were badly injured 【详解】考查定语从句。分析句子结构，这是一个包含定语从句的复合句，先行词为Mr King，空白处为定语从句部分，因先行词在定语从句中作定语，使用关系代词whose引导定语从句，表示“双腿”含义的词为legs；表示“严重受伤”含义的表达为be badly hurt或be badly injured，因句子表达的是过去发生的动作，谓语动词使用一般过去时，且定语从句的主语legs为复数，故填whose legs were badly hurt/injured。 19．她是第三次赢得比赛了，这让我们都很吃惊。 It is the third time that she has won the race, . 【答案】which has surprised us all/which has made us all surprised 【详解】考查定语从句、时态。分析句子结构，这是一个包含定语从句的复合句，先行词为前面一整句话表达的含义，使用关系代词which引导定语从句，空白处为定语从句部分，表示“让我们都很吃惊”含义的表达为surprise us all或make us all surprised，因句子表达的是过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，从句谓语动词使用现在完成时，因先行词为单数第三人称，从句谓语动词使用has+过去分词，故填which has surprised us all/which has made us all surprised。 20．To learn Chinese well，reading interesting Chinese news every day . 为了学好汉语，每天阅读有趣的汉语新闻对于来自美国的交换生来说很重要。 【答案】is vital to/for American exchange students 【详解】考查固定短语。分析句子可知空处表示“对于来自美国的交换生来说很重要”，为一般现在时态，主语reading interesting Chinese news为单数，be vital to/for为固定短语，表示“对……来说很重要”，“美国交换生”译为American exchange students，故填is vital to/for American exchange students。 ( 13 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$