Unit 10 I've had this bike for three years. Section A Grammar Focus-4c 英文教案2024-2025学年人教版（2012）八年级英语下册

教学设计 课题 Unit 10 I've had this bike for three years.-Section A-Grammar Focus-4c 课时 1 教学目标 Language Competence: Master present perfect tense with "for/since", e.g., "I've had the bike for three years", and distinguish it from past simple tense. Cultural Awareness: Explore cultural values of cherishing old items through conversations about personal belongings. Thinking Quality: Develop logical thinking to analyze time expressions and sentence structures. Learning Ability: Cultivate autonomous learning via comparing tenses and practicing in contexts. 重难点 Use "for + period" and "since + point" correctly in present perfect sentences. Differentiate between "have/has done" (result affecting now) and past simple (finished actions). Apply the tense in describing experiences or possessions with emotional connections. 教学环节 学习活动 新课教学 Teacher: Good morning, class! Welcome back to English class. In the last lesson, we started talking about Unit 10 and learned some interesting things about people's old possessions. Today, we are going to focus on the grammar part, which is really important for us to express how long we have had something. Are you all ready to dig deeper into this grammar knowledge? Students: Yes! Teacher: Great. First, let's take a look at the sentences in Grammar Focus on page [X]. I'll read them out, and please listen carefully and repeat after me. "How long have you had that bike over there? I've had it for three years. He’s owned it since his fourth birthday." (Read slowly and clearly, and students repeat) Now, let's think about these sentences together. What tense are they using? Yes, it's the present perfect tense. But today, we are going to focus on a special usage of the present perfect tense. It is used to show an action or state that started in the past and continues up to now. For example, the sentence "I've had it for three years." means I got the bike three years ago, and I still have it now. Can you understand this concept? Raise your hands if you do. (Some students raise their hands) Teacher: Good. For those who might still be a bit confused, don't worry. We will practice more. Now, let's look at the words "for" and "since" in these sentences. They are very important when we use this kind of present perfect tense. "For" is used to show a period of time. For example, "for three years", "for two months", "for a long time". "Since", on the other hand, is used to show a point in the past. It could be a specific time like "since 2010", "since last Monday", or it can be used with a clause like "since I was a child", "since I started middle school". Let's see some more examples. I have lived in this city for ten years. Here, "for ten years" shows the length of time from ten years ago until now. Another example, I have loved reading since I was five. Here, "since I was five" tells us when this love for reading started, and it continues until now. Do you see the difference between "for" and "since"? Let's do a little exercise. I will give you some time expressions, and you tell me whether we should use "for" or "since". Are you ready? First one, "two weeks". Student 1: For. Teacher: Correct! "For two weeks". Second one, "last summer". Student 2: Since. Teacher: Exactly! "Since last summer". Well done, everyone. Now, let's move on to another important point. When we use the present perfect tense to show a continuous action or state from the past to now, we need to use continuous verbs. For example, in the sentence "I've had this book for a week.", "have" is a continuous verb here. But sometimes, we might come across some non - continuous or momentary verbs in the past. We need to change them into continuous forms. For example, the verb "buy" is a non - continuous verb. We can't say "I've bought this book for a week." because "buy" is a momentary action. Instead, we should say "I've had this book for a week." because "have" can show the state of possessing the book continuously. Another example, "come" is non - continuous. If we want to say someone has been here for a while, we can't say "He has come here for two hours." We should say "He has been here for two hours." Do you understand this point about changing non - continuous verbs to continuous ones? Students: Yes. Teacher: Good. Let's do some practice. I will give you some sentences with non - continuous verbs, and you need to rewrite them correctly. The first sentence is "I have borrowed this pen for three days." How should we correct it? Student 3: I have kept this pen for three days. Teacher: Perfect! "Borrow" is non - continuous, and "keep" is the continuous form we can use here. The second sentence is "She has left her hometown since two years ago." Student 4: She has been away from her hometown since two years ago. Teacher: Very good! "Leave" is non - continuous, and "be away from" is the correct continuous form. Now, let's look at 4a on page [X]. You have some sentences there. First, read them carefully by yourself, and then fill in the blanks with "for" or "since". You can work alone for now. (Students start to do the exercise. After a few minutes) Teacher: Okay, let's check the answers. For the first sentence "I haven't seen my aunt ______ a long time.", what should we fill in? Students: For. Teacher: Right. "For a long time". Second sentence "My sister has been a university student ______ three years." Students: For. Teacher: Correct. "For three years". Third sentence "Mr. Smith has worked in this factory ______ 1998." Students: Since. Teacher: Great. "Since 1998". Fourth sentence "I have had this toy bear ______ I was a child." Students: Since. Teacher: Perfect. Now, let's move on to 4b. In this exercise, you need to choose the correct tense, either present perfect or past simple. Read the sentences carefully and think about the context. Remember, present perfect is for an action that started in the past and continues to now, while past simple is for an action that happened and ended in the past. Start working on it. (Students do the exercise. After a while) Teacher: Let's check the answers. The first sentence "I ______ (buy) a new car last month." Which tense should we use? Student 5: Bought. Past simple. Teacher: Right. Because "last month" is a definite past time, and the action of buying the car ended in the past. Second sentence "I ______ (have) this car for a month." Student 6: Have had. Present perfect. Teacher: Correct. Because the action of having the car started a month ago and continues until now. Third sentence "My father ______ (work) in this company for 20 years." Student 7: Has worked. Present perfect. Teacher: Well done. Fourth sentence "My father ______ (start) to work in this company 20 years ago." Student 8: Started. Past simple. Teacher: Perfect. Now, the most interesting part, 4c. We are going to do a little survey. I want you to form pairs. Each of you will ask the other questions using the present perfect tense with "for" or "since". For example, you can ask "How long have you had your schoolbag? Have you had it for a long time or since a certain time?" Then, fill in the chart. After that, we will share the results with the class. Are you clear about what to do? Students: Yes. (Students form pairs and start the survey. The teacher walks around the classroom, listening to their conversations and offering help if needed. After about 10 minutes) Teacher: Okay, class. Stop now. Let's share the results. Who would like to come to the front and share the information you got from your partner? (Some students raise their hands) Teacher: [Student's name], please come up. Student 9: I asked [Partner's name]. She has had her watch for two years. She got it as a birthday present. And she has had her favorite book since last Christmas. She likes it because it has a very interesting story. Teacher: Great job! Thank you for sharing. Now, let's think about all the things we have learned today. We learned about the present perfect tense used to show continuous actions or states from the past to now, the usage of "for" and "since", and how to change non - continuous verbs to continuous ones. Let's quickly review. What is the difference between "for" and "since" again? Student 10: "For" shows a period of time, and "since" shows a point in the past. Teacher: Right. And can you give an example of changing a non - continuous verb to a continuous one? Student 11: Like "buy" to "have". For example, "I have bought a book." should be "I have had a book for a while." Teacher: Perfect. Well, class, you all did a great job today. Keep practicing these grammar points at home. You can make more sentences using the present perfect tense with "for" and "since". Next class, we will have a little quiz to see how well you have mastered these. Have a great day! 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$