Unit 1-8词汇和课文全册2025-2026学年沪教版（2024）英语八年级上册

新沪教版英语 八年级上册 词汇与课文 新沪教版英语八年级上册词汇和课文 目录 Unit 1 Look it up! 1 词汇和短语 1 课文 2 Unit 2 Amazing numbers 4 词汇和短语 4 课文 5 Unit 3 Our digital lives 6 词汇和短语 6 课文 7 Unit 4 Inventions 9 词汇和短语 9 课文 10 Unit 5 Going on an exchange trip 12 词汇和短语 12 课文 13 Unit 6 Wisdom counts 15 词汇和短语 15 课文 16 Unit 7 The secret of memory 18 词汇和短语 18 课文 19 Unit 8 Pet and us 20 词汇和短语 20 课文 21 Unit 1 Look it up! 词汇和短语 序号 单词短语 音标 词性 中文意思 1 dinosaur /'daɪnəsɔː(r)/ n. 恐龙 2 intelligent /ɪn'telɪdʒənt/ adj. 有才智的；聪明的 3 talented /'tæləntɪd/ adj. 有才能的；天才的 4 artistic /ɑː'tɪstɪk/ adj. 有艺术天赋的；（尤指）有美术才能的 5 perhaps /pə'hæps/ adv. 可能；大概；也许 6 notebook /'nəʊtbʊk/ n. 笔记本 7 vehicle /'viːəkl/ n. 交通工具；车辆 8 prehistoric /ˌpriːhɪ'stɒrɪk/ adj. 史前的 9 completely /kəm'pliːtli/ adv. 完全地；彻底地 10 original /ə'rɪdʒənl/ adj. 原来的；起初的 11 birth /bɜːθ/ n. 出生 12 suffering /'sʌfərɪŋ/ n. 苦难；疼痛 13 artist /'ɑːtɪst/ n. 艺术家；（尤指）画家 14 piece /piːs/ n. （音乐作品的）一首 15 death /deθ/ n. 死；死亡 16 whole /həʊl/ adj. 全部的；所有的 17 editor /'edɪtə(r)/ n. （书籍的）编辑 18 organize /'ɔːɡənaɪz/ v. 安排；组织 19 order /'ɔːdə(r)/ n. 顺序 20 record /rɪ'kɔːd/ v. 记录 21 die out 　 灭绝 22 a type of 　 一种 23 be related to 　 与......属于同意种类 24 general education 　 通识教育 25 go back a long way 　 历史悠久 26 be similar to 　 　 与……相似 27 alphabetical order 　 　 字母顺序 28 play an important role 　 　 起到重要作用 课文 Reading Leonardo da Vinci Leonardo da Vinci (1452 - 1519) was an Italian painter, inventor, musician, engineer and scientist. Da Vinci was extremely intelligent, and he was unusually talented in many different fields. He was a true genius, and his paintings and inventions changed the way we think about art and science. Leonardo da Vinci was born in the countryside in Italy. From an early age, he showed great intelligence and artistic talent. As he grew older, he learnt to do many different things. His paintings are very famous, and one, the Mona Lisa, is perhaps the most famous painting in the world. He also had many inventions. For example, his notebooks include some interesting drawings of flying machines and other vehicles. Dinosaurs Dinosaurs are a type of prehistoric animal. They are related to crocodiles, snakes and lizards. They are also the ancestors of today's birds. Dinosaurs first appeared around 245 million years ago. The word "dinosaur" comes from two Greek words, and it means "terrible lizard". Dinosaurs lived on land and walked on either two or four legs. Many dinosaurs ate plants, but some ate meat. Dinosaurs came in different sizes. Some were as small as chickens, and others were as big as ten elephants. Dinosaurs ruled the Earth for more than 180 million years. About 66 million years ago, dinosaurs suddenly died out. Scientists are not completely sure why. However, they are learning more and more about dinosaurs by studying their fossils. 列奥纳多・达・芬奇 列奥纳多・达・芬奇（1452 - 1519）是意大利画家、发明家、音乐家、工程师和科学家。 达・芬奇极其聪慧，在诸多不同领域都有着非凡的天赋。他是真正的天才，其画作与发明改变了我们对艺术和科学的认知方式。 列奥纳多・达・芬奇出生于意大利的乡村。自幼，他就展现出极高的智慧与艺术天赋。随着年龄增长，他学会了做许多不同的事。他的画作声名远扬，其中《蒙娜丽莎》或许是世界上最负盛名的画作。他还有诸多发明，比如，他的笔记里就有一些关于飞行器和其他交通工具的有趣绘图。 恐龙 恐龙是一种史前动物。它们与鳄鱼、蛇和蜥蜴有亲缘关系，也是当今鸟类的祖先。恐龙最早出现在约 2.45 亿年前。“dinosaur（恐龙）” 一词源自两个希腊词，意为 “可怕的蜥蜴” 。 恐龙生活在陆地上，靠两条或四条腿行走。很多恐龙以植物为食，但也有一些吃肉。恐龙大小各异，有的和鸡一样小，有的则像十头大象一样大。 恐龙统治地球超过 1.8 亿年。约 6600 万年前，恐龙突然灭绝。科学家们尚未完全弄清原因，但正通过研究恐龙化石，对它们有越来越多的了解 。 Unit 2 Amazing numbers 词汇和短语 序号 单词短语 音标 词性 中文意思 1 flight /flaɪt/ n. （尤指乘飞机的）航程 2 schedule /ˈʃedjuːl/ n. 日程安排 3 everywhere /ˈevriweə(r)/ adv. 到处；各个地方 4 challenge /ˈtʃæləndʒ/ v. 向（某人）挑战 5 prize /praɪz/ n. 奖赏；奖励 6 promise /ˈprɒmɪs/ v. 承诺；保证 7 chessboard /ˈtʃesbɔːd/ n. 国际象棋棋盘 8 silver /ˈsɪlvə(r)/ n. 银 9 reply /rɪˈplaɪ/ v. 回复；答复 10 hesitation /ˌhezɪˈteɪʃn/ n. 犹豫 11 wonder /ˈwʌndə(r) v. 想知道；琢磨 12 agree /əˈɡriː/ v. 同意；赞成 13 percent /pəˈsent/ n. 百分之…… 14 currently /ˈkʌrəntli/ adv. 目前；当前 15 check /tʃek/ v. 检查；核查 16 budget /ˈbʌdʒɪt/ n. 预算 17 province /ˈprɒvɪns/ n. 省份 18 sharply /ˈʃɑːpli/ adv. 急剧地；突然大幅度地 19 count /kaʊnt/ v. 计算（或清点）总数 20 system /ˈsɪstəm/ n. 系统 21 symbol /ˈsɪmbl/ n. 符号；记号 22 represent /ˌreprɪˈzent/ v. 代表 23 exactly /ɪɡˈzæktli/ adv. 准确地；确切地 24 flight schedule 　 航班时刻表 25 price tag 　 价格标签 26 for a moment 　 片刻；一会儿 27 without hesitation 　 毫不犹豫 28 go up 　 上升 29 go down 　 下降 30 write down 　 写下；记下 31 instead of 　 代替；作为……的替换 课文 Reading The old man and the king A long time ago, there was a king in India. The king’s favourite game was chess. One day, a wise old man came to the palace and the king challenged him to a game. “You can have any prize if you win the game,” the king promised the old man. The old man thought for a moment and said slowly, “If I win the game, I’d like one grain of rice for the first square of the chessboard, two for the second, four for the third … I’d like you to double the amount for each of the rest of the squares.” The king was very surprised. “Is that all?” he asked. “Wouldn’t you like gold or silver instead?” “No, just rice,” the old man replied without hesitation. “How many grains of rice will this be?” the king wondered, “There are 64 squares on the chessboard, so there will be one, two, four, eight, sixteen, … Perhaps a bag of rice is enough.” After thinking about it for a moment, the king agreed. The king and the old man played the game for a long time. Finally, the old man won, so the king ordered his men to collect a bag of rice. The king’s men put one grain on the first square, two on the second, and so on. After a few squares, the king realized the problem—even with all the rice in the country, he would still not have enough rice to put on the chessboard! 老人与国王 很久以前，印度有一位国王，他最喜欢的游戏是国际象棋。 一天，一位睿智的老人来到王宫，国王向他挑战下一盘棋。“如果你赢了，想要什么奖赏都可以。” 国王向老人承诺道。 老人思索了一会儿，缓缓说道：“如果我赢了，我想要在棋盘的第一个格子放 1 粒大米，第二个格子放 2 粒，第三个格子放 4 粒…… 剩下的每个格子都要把数量翻倍。” 国王十分惊讶，问道：“就这些？你难道不想要金子或银子吗？” “不，只要大米。” 老人毫不犹豫地回答。 “那一共会有多少粒大米呢？” 国王心里琢磨着，“棋盘有 64 个格子，依次是 1 粒、2 粒、4 粒、8 粒、16 粒…… 也许一袋大米就够了。” 国王想了想，便同意了。 国王和老人下了很长时间的棋。最后，老人赢了，于是国王命令手下取来一袋大米。国王的手下在第一个格子放 1 粒，第二个格子放 2 粒，依此类推。放了几个格子后，国王意识到了问题 —— 即便倾尽全国的大米，也不够填满棋盘上的格子！ Unit 3 Our digital lives 词汇和短语 序号 单词短语 音标 词性 中文意思 1 *network /ˈnetwɜːk/ n. 网络 2 flood /flʌd/ n. 洪水；水灾 3 multimedia /ˌmʌltiˈmiːdiə/ n. 多媒体 4 expert /ˈekspɜːt/ n. 专家 5 mobile /ˈməʊbaɪl/ adj. 可移动的 6 payment /ˈpeɪmənt/ n. 付款；支付 7 warn /wɔːn/ v. 提醒注意；警告 8 treatment /ˈtriːtmənt/ n. 治疗；疗法 9 data /ˈdeɪtə/ n. 数据 10 company /ˈkʌmpəni/ n. 公司 11 traffic /ˈtræfɪk/ n. 路上行驶的车辆；交通 12 *flow /fləʊ/ v. （人或事物）涌流；流动 13 smoothly /ˈsmuːðli/ adv. 平稳地；连续而流畅地 14 laptop /ˈlæptɒp/ n. 笔记本电脑 15 screen /skriːn/ n. 屏幕 16 weight /weɪt/ n. 重量 17 digital /ˈdɪdʒɪtl/ adj. 数码的 18 social /ˈsəʊʃl/ adj. 社交的 19 message /ˈmesɪdʒ/ n. （书面或口头的）信息 20 interview /ˈɪntəvjuː/ v. 采访 21 positive /ˈpɒzətɪv/ adj. 正面的；积极的 22 negative /ˈneɡətɪv/ adj. 消极的 23 effect /ɪˈfekt/ n. 影响 24 opinion /əˈpɪnjən/ n. 意见；看法 25 novel /ˈnɒvl/ n. （长篇）小说 26 comment /ˈkɒment/ n. 评论 27 basis /ˈbeɪsɪs/ n. 基础 28 microprocessor x /ˌmaɪkrəʊˈprəʊsesə(r)/ n. 微处理器 29 microchip /ˈmaɪkrəʊtʃɪp/ n. 微芯片；芯片 30 major /ˈmeɪdʒə(r)/ adj. 主要的；重要的 31 breakthrough /ˈbreɪkθruː/ n. 突破；重大进展 32 electronic /ɪˌlekˈtrɒnɪk/ adj. 电子的 33 software /ˈsɒftweə(r)/ n. 软件 34 app /æp/ n. （application 的缩写）应用程序；应用软件 35 era /ˈɪərə/ n. 时代；纪元 36 download /ˌdaʊnˈləʊd/ v. 下载 37 tiny /ˈtaɪni/ adj. 微小的 38 connect to 　 连接 39 bring big changes to 　 　 给……带来重大变化 40 mobile payment 　 　 移动支付 41 take... for example 　 　 以……为例 42 rubbish bin 　 　 垃圾箱 43 social media 　 　 社交媒体 44 in person 　 　 亲自；亲身 45 the general public 　 　 公众；大众 课文 Reading Smart life in the future Host: Our guest today is Dr Li, a technology expert. Dr Li has studied how the internet will further change our lives in the future. Dr Li: That’s right. The internet has brought big changes to everyday life. For example, e - learning and mobile payment have changed the way we study and shop. In the future, even more things will be connected to the internet, so life will continue to change. Host: Can you give us some examples? Dr Li: Take health for example. We’ll probably wear small devices all the time, and they’ll check our health and warn us about health problems. With this information, doctors can provide better treatment. Host: Interesting! Will the internet help improve the environment? Dr Li: Yes! As more things become connected to the internet, our cities will become smart cities. Smart cities will be more eco - friendly than cities today. One of the most important changes will come in energy use. Different devices will communicate and share data with each other. This will help them save energy. For example, smart rubbish bins will automatically ① tell the smart city network when they are full. This data will allow the rubbish collection company to plan better collection routes ②. Host: Will smart cities improve our lives in other ways? Dr Li: I think the biggest change will be in transport. Our roads will be much safer in the future, and traffic will flow more smoothly. There will be fewer accidents because cars will drive themselves, and they will share data with the smart city network. With this data, traffic lights can change the timing according to the number of cars on the road. Host: That’s amazing. And will this really be possible? Dr Li: Yes, it will. We’ve already started doing some of these things! 未来的智慧生活 主持人：我们今天的嘉宾是科技专家李博士，李博士研究过互联网在未来会如何进一步改变我们的生活。 李博士：没错。互联网给日常生活带来了巨大变化。比如，在线学习和移动支付改变了我们学习与购物的方式。未来，会有更多事物接入互联网，生活也会持续变化。 主持人：能给我们举些例子吗？ 李博士：以健康领域为例。我们可能会一直佩戴小型设备，它们会监测我们的健康状况，还能就健康问题发出预警。有了这些信息，医生就能提供更优质的治疗。 主持人：有意思！互联网会助力改善环境吗？ 李博士：会！随着更多事物接入互联网，我们的城市会变成智慧城市。智慧城市会比当下的城市更环保。其中，能源使用方面会出现极为重要的变化。不同设备之间会互相通信、共享数据，这有助于它们节约能源。比如，智能垃圾桶满了之后，会自动向智慧城市网络发送信息。这些数据能让垃圾收集公司规划更优的收集路线。 主持人：智慧城市还会在其他方面改善我们的生活吗？ 李博士：我觉得最大的变化会出现在交通领域。未来道路会安全得多，交通也会更顺畅。事故会减少，因为汽车能自动驾驶，还会与智慧城市网络共享数据。借助这些数据，交通信号灯可以根据道路上的车辆数量调整时长。 主持人：太神奇了。这真的能实现吗？ 李博士：能的，我们已经开始做其中一些事了！ Unit 4 Inventions 词汇和短语 序号 单词短语 音标 词性 中文意思 1 balloon 　 n. 气球 2 wheel /wiːl/ n. 轮；车轮 3 central /'sentrəl/ adj. 在中心的 4 although /ɔːl'ðəʊ/ conj. 虽然；尽管；即使 5 attach /ə'tætʃ/ v. 把……固定；把……附（在……上） 6 pull /pʊl/ v. 拉；拽；扯；拖 7 international /ˌɪntə'næʃnəl/ adj. 国际的 8 path /pɑːθ/ n. 小路；小径 9 technique /tek'niːk/ n. 技巧；技艺 10 depend /dɪ'pend/ v. 需要；依靠 11 doubt /daʊt/ n. 疑惑；疑问 12 personally /'pɜːsənəli/ adv. 就个人意见 13 *prediction /prɪ'dɪkʃn/ n. 预言；预测 14 statement /'steɪtmənt/ n. 说明 15 benefit /'benɪfɪt/ n. 益处；优势 16 wing /wɪŋ/ n. （飞行器的）翅膀；机翼 17 distance /'dɪstəns/ n. 距离 18 petrol /'petrəl/ n. 汽油 19 avoid /ə'vɔɪd/ v. 避免；防止 20 anywhere /'eniweə(r)/ adv. 在（或去）任何地方 21 notice /'nəʊtɪs/ v. 看（或听）到；注意到 22 type /taɪp/ n. （印刷用的）活字 23 *mixture /'mɪkstʃə(r)/ n. 混合物 24 heat /hiːt/ v. 加热；变热 25 press /pres/ v. （被）压 26 metal /'metl/ n. 金属 27 steam locomotive 　 蒸汽机车 28 crewed spacecraft 　 载人航天器 29 on foot 　 步行 30 a number of 　 几个；若干 31 take place 　 发生；进行 32 for instance 　 例如；比如 33 large amounts of 　 大量 34 international trade 　 国际贸易 35 depend on 　 依靠；依赖 36 3D printer 　 3D 打印机 37 without doubt 　 毫无疑问 38 of all time 　 自古以来；有史以来 39 make fun of 　 　 取笑；拿……开玩笑 40 traffic jam 　 　 堵车；交通阻塞 课文 Reading The wonder of the wheel When the first humans decided to leave their homes over 100,000 years ago in search of new places to live and better sources of food, they did it on foot. Humans continued walking across the globe for the next 94,000 years, until about 6,000 years ago when a number of important changes took place. For instance, in the Central Asian country of Kazakhstan, people started to ride horses. Although this meant that people could travel further and faster, transporting large amounts of goods was still a difficult job. That all changed, however, a few hundred years later with the invention of the wheel. Who first invented the wheel? We will never know for sure, but the inventors probably first used wheels to make pottery . Later, they realized that they could also use them to transport people and things. They soon attached wheels to horse-pulled vehicles. Farmers were suddenly able to transport their goods to markets far away. This invention increased national and international trade. The wheel changed the way villages, towns and even countries did business with each other, but it wasn’t perfect. The roads were old walking paths. These old paths quickly became extremely difficult to use in wet weather. As a result, the first roads made of stone appeared after the arrival of the wheel. The Romans then invented new road - building techniques. The new roads were very good, and we still use some of them today. The wheel not only changed the way humans moved, but it also allowed us to build all types of amazing machines. Windmills , clocks and other machines all use wheels, and the Industrial Revolution depended on the wheel. Even in our digitalized world, we still use wheels in devices such as 3D printers. Without doubt, the wheel is one of the most important inventions of all time. 车轮的奇迹 10 万多年前，当第一批人类决定离开家园，去寻找新的居住地和更充足的食物来源时，他们依靠步行。在接下来的 9.4 万年里，人类持续徒步走遍全球，直到大约 6000 年前，一系列重要变革发生。比如，在中亚国家哈萨克斯坦，人们开始骑马。尽管这意味着人们可以走得更远、更快，但运输大量货物依旧是件难事。不过，几百年后，随着车轮的发明，一切都改变了。 谁最先发明了车轮？我们永远无法确切知晓，但发明者可能最初用轮子制作陶器 。后来，他们意识到还可以用轮子来运输人员和货物。很快，他们把轮子装到了马拉的车辆上。农民突然能够把货物运到很远的集市。这项发明促进了国内和国际贸易。 车轮改变了村庄、城镇乃至国家之间的贸易往来方式，但它并非十全十美。当时的道路还是古老的步行小径 。 这些古老的道路在雨天很快就变得极难通行。 因此，在车轮问世后，第一条由石头铺成的道路出现了。随后，罗马人发明了新的筑路技术。这些新道路质量很好，时至今日我们仍在使用其中一些。 车轮不仅改变了人类的出行方式，还让我们得以制造出各类奇妙的机器。风车 、钟表以及其他机器都用到了轮子，工业革命也依赖于车轮。即便在我们的数字化世界里，像 3D 打印机这类设备中，我们依旧会用到轮子。毫无疑问，车轮是有史以来最重要的发明之一。 Unit 5 Going on an exchange trip 词汇和短语 序号 单词短语 音标 词性 中文意思 1 exchange /ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ/ n. 交流 2 nervous /ˈnɜːvəs/ adj. 焦虑的；担忧的 3 *grateful /ˈɡreɪtfl/ adj. 感激的 4 chopstick /ˈtʃɒpstɪk/ n. 筷子 5 tour /tʊə(r)/ n. 旅行；旅游 6 tai chi /ˌtaɪ 'tʃiː/ adv. 太极（拳） 7 yet /jet/ adv. 尚（未）；还；仍 8 independent /ˌɪndɪˈpendənt/ adj. 自主的 9 content /ˈkɒntent/ n. 内容 10 feeling /ˈfiːlɪŋ/ n. 感觉；感情 11 shock /ʃɒk/ n. 震惊；令人震惊的事 12 foreign /ˈfɒrən/ adj. 外国的 13 *confused /kənˈfjuːzd/ adj. 糊涂的；迷惑的 14 anxious /ˈæŋkʃəs/ adj. 焦虑的；忧虑的 15 *phase /feɪz/ n. 阶段；时期 16 honeymoon /ˈhʌnimuːn/ n. 蜜月 17 unfamiliar /ˌʌnfəˈmɪliə(r)/ adj. 陌生的；不熟悉的 18 homesick /ˈhəʊmsɪk/ adj. 想家的 19 lonely /ˈləʊnli/ adj. 孤独的 20 deal /diːl/ v. 对付；应付 21 expect /ɪkˈspekt/ v. 期待；盼望 22 situation /ˌsɪtʃuˈeɪʃn/ n. 情况 23 accept /əkˈsept/ v. 接受 24 adaptation /ˌædæpˈteɪʃn/ n. 适应 25 Beijing opera 　 京剧 26 host family 　 　 寄宿家庭 27 snake its way 　 　 蜿蜒 28 culture shock 　 　 文化冲击 29 deal with 　 　 解决；处理 30 feel at home 　 　 感到舒适自在 课文 Reading The wonderful exchange visit in Beijing A group of British students from Woodpark School in London are visiting Yangguang Junior High School. “I was very nervous at first,” says Sarah. “However, my host family are really friendly. I’m really grateful that they let me stay in their home. I love Chinese food and enjoy every meal I have with my host family. I’ve learnt to use chopsticks, and I can speak a little Chinese!” The students spend the weekdays studying with Chinese students. At the weekend, they go on tours with their host families around Beijing and visit places of interest, such as the Great Wall, the Summer Palace and the National Museum. “I’ve watched videos about the Great Wall before, but seeing it in person is definitely an unforgettable experience!” says Lisa. “The wall snakes its way through the mountains of north China for thousands of kilometres. The Great Wall is no doubt one of the most amazing achievements in human history!” The students also spend time learning about Chinese culture. They get to try different things for themselves. “It’s been a fantastic experience so far,” says Eric. “I’ve learnt a bit of tai chi, and I really enjoy it. The teachers have introduced us to Chinese painting as well. The way of painting is very interesting. It’s quite different from what I’ve learnt in my art classes back home. We dip the brush in black ink, and paint on a special kind of paper, called Xuan paper. I haven’t had much success yet, but I’ll keep trying.” “I’ve made many new friends,” says Sarah. “I plan to keep in touch with them when I return home. We’ll see one another soon because they’ll come over to the UK for the second part of the exchange next month. I can’t wait!” 精彩的北京交流访问 一群来自伦敦伍德帕克学校的英国学生正在访问阳光初级中学。 “一开始我很紧张，” 萨拉说，“不过，我的寄宿家庭非常友好。我很感激他们让我住在家里。我喜欢中国食物，和寄宿家庭一起吃的每一顿饭都很开心。我已经学会用筷子了，还能说一点中文呢！” 学生们在工作日和中国学生一起学习。到了周末，他们会和寄宿家庭一起游览北京，参观诸如长城、颐和园和国家博物馆之类的名胜古迹。 “我之前看过关于长城的视频，但亲眼见到它绝对是一次难忘的经历！” 莉萨说，“长城蜿蜒穿越中国北方的群山，长达数千公里。毫无疑问，长城是人类历史上最了不起的成就之一！” 学生们还花时间了解中国文化，亲身尝试不同的事物。 “到目前为止，这是一次超棒的经历，” 埃里克说，“我学了一点太极，真的很喜欢。老师们还向我们介绍了中国绘画。这种绘画方式很有意思，和我在国内美术课上学到的很不一样。我们把毛笔蘸上墨汁，在一种特殊的纸上作画，这种纸叫宣纸。我还没怎么成功，但会继续尝试的。” “我交了很多新朋友，” 萨拉说，“我打算回家后和他们保持联系。我们很快就能再见面，因为下个月他们会来英国进行交流活动的第二部分。我都等不及啦！” Unit 6 Wisdom counts 词汇和短语 序号 单词短语 音标 词性 中文意思 1 author /ˈɔːθə(r)/ n. 作者；作家 2 remains /rɪˈmeɪnz/ n. 遗迹；遗址 3 locate /ləʊˈkeɪt/ v. 把……安置在（或建造在） 4 soldier /ˈsəʊldʒə(r)/ n. 士兵 5 *captain /ˈkæptɪn/ n. 首领；领导者 6 empty /ˈempti/ adj. 空的 7 victory /ˈempti/ n. 胜利；成功 8 joke /dʒəʊk/ n. 笑话；玩笑 9 midnight /ˈmɪdnaɪt/ n. 午夜 10 except /ɪkˈsept/ prep. 除……之外 11 hide /haɪd/ v. 藏；隐蔽 12 secretly /ˈsiːkrətli/ adv. 秘密地 13 enter /ˈentə(r)/ v. 进来；进入 14 succeed /səkˈsiːd/ v. 达到目的；成功 15 *trick /trɪk/ n. 诡计 16 fight /faɪt/ v. 打仗；战斗 17 beat /biːt/ v. 打败（某人）; 敲打 18 *pretend /prɪˈtend/ v. 假装；佯装 19 enemy /ˈenəmi/ n. 敌人 20 fail /feɪl/ v. 失败；未能（做到） 21 therefore /ˈðeəfɔː(r)/ adv. 因此；所以 22 within /wɪˈðɪn/ prep. 在（某段时间）之内 23 fill /fɪl/ v. （使）充满；（使）装满 24 towards /təˈwɔːdz/ prep. 向；朝；对着 25 attack /əˈtæk/ n. 袭击；攻击 26 fog /fɒɡ/ n. 雾 27 make jokes about 　 开……的玩笑 28 succeed in 　 　 在……方面成功 29 be tired of 　 　 厌烦 30 go on board 　 　 上船 31 be jealous of 　 　 嫉妒 32 be full of 　 　 装满；充满 课文 Reading The night of the horse The soldier came down the stairs—two at a time. “Captain, they’ve gone,” he cried. “The Greek soldiers have disappeared—all of them. I can’t see …” But the captain was no longer listening. He was going up the stairs—three at a time. Seconds later, the captain stood on the high wall of the city of Troy. He looked down at the empty Greek camp and, beyond it, at the empty sea. “They’ve gone and we’ve won,” he said. “The Greek army has tried for ten years to capture our city. Now, they’ve sailed away and taken everything with them.” “Not everything, sir,” the soldier said. “They’ve left their horse.” Outside the main gate of the city stood a huge wooden horse. “Ah, yes,” the captain said, “that wooden horse. It’s so big that they couldn’t take it with them. Well, it’s ours now. Get some help and pull it into the city. That won’t be difficult. It’s on wheels.” “But why is it on wheels?” asked the soldier. “I think that maybe the Greeks want us to …” The captain stopped him and said, “You’re a soldier. It’s not your job to think. Your job is to obey orders, and I’m giving you one now. Move that horse!” So the Trojans pulled the wooden horse into the city. That night, all the Trojans celebrated their victory in the main square. They sang and danced around the horse, and made jokes about the stupid Greeks. Then they made sure all the gates of the city were locked, and went to bed. By midnight, the main square was empty, except for the huge horse. Some Greek soldiers were hiding inside. They waited for another hour, to be sure. Then, very carefully, they opened the secret door on the horse’s side and climbed out. No guards were around so they quietly made their way to the main gate and let in the Greek soldiers waiting outside. These soldiers secretly came back while the Trojans were celebrating. Now the Greek army entered the city. The Greeks spent ten years trying to take over the city of Troy. In the end, they succeeded in capturing it in just one night with a clever trick—and without any fighting. 一名士兵一步两级地跑下楼梯。“长官，他们跑了，” 他大喊，“希腊士兵都不见了 —— 一个不剩。我没看见……” 但长官已经不听他说话了，他正一步三级地往楼上跑。 没过几秒，长官就站在了特洛伊城的高墙上。他俯瞰着空荡荡的希腊军营，以及军营外同样空荡荡的大海。“他们跑了，我们赢了，” 他说，“希腊军队花了十年时间想要攻占我们的城市。现在，他们扬帆起航，把所有东西都带走了。” “不是所有东西，长官，” 士兵说，“他们留下了他们的马。” 城市主城门外立着一匹巨大的木马。 “啊，对，” 长官说，“那匹木马。它太大了，他们带不走。好吧，现在它归我们了。找些人来把它拉进城。这不难，它有轮子。” “可它为什么有轮子呢？” 士兵问，“我觉得也许希腊人想让我们……” 长官打断他，说：“你是个士兵，思考不是你的职责。你的职责是服从命令，我现在就给你下一道命令。把那匹马挪走！” 于是，特洛伊人把木马拉进了城。 那天晚上，所有特洛伊人都在主广场庆祝胜利。他们围着木马又唱又跳，还嘲笑愚蠢的希腊人。之后，他们确认城市的所有城门都锁好了，就去睡觉了。 到了午夜，主广场上除了那匹巨大的木马，空无一人。一些希腊士兵正藏在木马里面。他们又等了一个小时，确保万无一失。然后，他们非常小心地打开木马侧面的暗门，爬了出来。周围没有守卫，所以他们悄悄前往主城门，把等在外面的希腊士兵放了进来。这些士兵趁着特洛伊人庆祝时偷偷溜了回来。现在，希腊军队进入了城市。 希腊人花了十年时间试图占领特洛伊城。最后，他们用一个巧妙的计谋，没费一兵一卒，仅在一夜之间就成功攻占了城池。 Unit 7 The secret of memory 词汇和短语 序号 单词短语 音标 词性 中文意思 1 regularly /ˈreɡjələli/ adv. 有规律地 2 repeat /rɪˈpiːt/ v. 重复 3 note /nəʊt/ n. 笔记；记录 4 *visual /ˈvɪʒuəl/ adj. 视觉的 5 mentally /ˈmentəli/ adv. 精神上 6 link /lɪŋk/ v. 联系；相联系 7 list /lɪst/ n. 清单 8 especially /ɪˈspeʃəli/ adv. 尤其 9 diet /ˈdaɪət/ n. 日常饮食 10 maintain /meɪnˈteɪn/ v. 维持；保持 11 nut /nʌt/ n. 坚果 12 relax /rɪˈlæks/ v. 放松；休息 13 stressed /strest/ adj. 心力交瘁的；焦虑不安的 14 trend /trend/ v. 往往会；常常就 15 normal /ˈnɔːml/ adj. 正常的 16 loss /lɒs/ n. 丧失；损失 17 fork /fɔːk/ n. 餐叉 18 onion /ˈʌnjən/ n. 洋葱 19 ant /ænt/ n. 蚂蚁 20 context /ˈkɒntekst/ n. 上下文；语境 21 image /ˈɪmɪdʒ/ n. 图像 22 sense /sens/ n. 感觉官能（即视、听、嗅、味、触五觉） 23 summary /ˈsʌməri/ n. 总结；概括 24 contain /kənˈteɪn/ v. 包括；含有 25 particular /pəˈtɪkjələ(r)/ adj. 专指的；特指的 26 chemistry /ˈkemɪstri/ n. 化学性质；化学 27 flash card 　 识字卡片 28 make a point of doing sth. 　 　 （因重要或必要）保证做 29 last but not least 　 　 最后但同样重要的 30 natural disaster 　 　 自然灾害 31 figure out 　 　 弄懂；弄清楚 课文 Reading Ways to improve your memory Your memory plays an important role in your life. It helps you remember who you are, where you live, what you have learnt and what you plan to do in the future. So, how can you improve your memory? First, it is helpful to live a mentally active life. Make a point of trying new things. For example, you will exercise your brain if you learn to play a new instrument or learn a foreign language. You can also improve your memory with brain games, such as linking words, word games and maths puzzles. Techniques like memory linking, you make mental connections to help you remember things. For example, you can make up a story to link items in a list so that you will remember them. You will be exercising your brain as well as improving your memory! Second, if you live a healthy life, your memory will work better. Healthy eating habits are especially important, and a healthy diet helps maintain a good memory. Research shows that eating green vegetables, nuts, berries , and oily fish can improve your ability to remember things. What’s more, regular physical exercise and getting enough sleep also help improve your memory. Last but not least, it is important to get plenty of rest. Unless you take time to relax, your brain will find it hard to remember things. Besides, if you get too stressed or worried, your memory will become less sharp. Everyone has moments of forgetfulness and memory tends to decline with age. Therefore, it is quite normal for people to experience memory loss as they get older. However, you can maintain and even improve your memory if you exercise your brain, live a healthy life and make time to relax! Unit 8 Pet and us 词汇和短语 序号 单词短语 音标 词性 中文意思 1 attack /əˈtæk/ v. 袭击；攻击 2 *faithful /ˈfeɪθfl/ adj. 忠诚的；忠实的 3 hold /həʊld/ v. 抱着；拿着 4 responsible /rɪˈspɒnsəbl/ adj. 可信任的；可信赖的 5 awake /əˈweɪk/ adj. 醒着 6 flat /flæt/ n. 公寓 7 choice /tʃɔɪs/ n. 选择 8 advise /ədˈvaɪz/ v. 劝告；建议 9 cause /kɔːz/ v. 引起；造成；导致 10 *complain /kəmˈpleɪn/ v. 抱怨；投诉 11 litter /ˈlɪtə(r)/ n. 垃圾箱 12 unlikely /ʌnˈlaɪkli/ adj. 不太可能发生的 13 relieve /rɪˈliːv/ v. 方便；解手 14 indoors /ˌɪnˈdɔːz/ adv. 在室内 15 magical /ˈmædʒɪkl/ adj. 有魔力的 16 wealth /welθ/ n. 钱财；财富 17 queen /kwiːn/ n. 女王；王后 18 servant /ˈsɜːvənt/ n. 仆人；佣人 19 pride /praɪd/ n. 自豪；骄傲 20 among /əˈmʌŋ/ prep. 在……中 21 relationship /rɪˈleɪʃnʃɪp/ n. 关系 22 grow up 　 长大；成熟 23 care for 　 照顾；照料 24 in short 　 总之；简言之 25 have no choice but to do 　 别无选择；只能…... 26 run free 　 四处自由走动 27 lie around 　 懒散度日；游手好闲 28 complain about 　 抱怨 29 in addition 　 除……之外(还） 30 catch the eye of sb. 　 引起某人的注意 课文 Reading HEAD TO HEAD Is it a good idea to keep dogs as pets? Li Li and Wang Meng give their opinions on this matter. “Keeping pet dogs is a good idea,” says Li Li. “Having pets is a good idea. There are lots of reasons for this. First, dogs are really cute and make great playmates. It’s nice to hold them in our arms and play games with them. It’s also wonderful to see them grow up. Second, we can learn responsibility from keeping dogs. We have to feed them, train them and play with them. According to my mum, this helps us become more responsible people. It can also teach other young people how to care for others. Finally, a dog will love you faithfully and is always pleased to see you. These characteristics mean that owning a dog can bring you lots of happiness. In short, I think it’s a good idea to have a dog.” “Keeping pet dogs is not a good idea,” says Wang Meng. “It’s not a good idea to have a dog. Pet dogs leave their hair on the floor, on beds and on sofas, and they need to be washed often. Dogs are noisy. Nearly all dogs bark at strangers. Some dogs bark more loudly than others. A few dogs bark all night. This can keep neighbours awake at night. Not all dogs are friendly. A small number of pet dogs even attack people. What’s more, they have no choice but to live in flats. It’s common for people to keep their dogs inside most of the time. However, this is not good for dogs since they need fresh air and large open spaces where they can run free. Finally, owning a dog can be expensive. An owner needs to buy food and toys for his or her dog, and if the dog gets ill, it needs to be taken to the vet . Because of all these reasons, I would advise you not to get a dog as a pet.” 观点交锋 养犬当宠物是个好主意吗？李丽和王萌就此问题发表了各自的观点。 李丽认为 “养宠物犬是个好主意” “养宠物是个不错的想法，理由有很多。 首先，狗狗真的很可爱，是很棒的玩伴。把它们抱在怀里一起做游戏很美好，看着它们长大也很奇妙。 其次，养犬能让我们学会责任感。我们得给它们喂食、训练它们，还得陪它们玩耍。我妈妈说，这有助于我们成为更有责任感的人，也能教会其他年轻人如何关心他人。 最后，狗狗会忠诚地爱你，每次见到你都很开心。这些特点意味着养犬能给你带来很多快乐。 总之，我觉得养条狗是个好主意。” 王萌认为 “养宠物犬不是个好主意” “养狗不是个好选择。宠物犬会把毛留在地板、床铺和沙发上，还得经常给它们洗澡。 狗狗很吵。几乎所有狗都会对着陌生人叫，有些狗叫得特别大声，还有少数狗会整夜吠叫，这会让邻居夜不能寐。而且不是所有狗都友好，有一小部分宠物犬甚至会攻击人。 此外，它们只能住在公寓里。人们通常大部分时间都把狗养在室内，但这对狗不好，因为它们需要新鲜空气和宽敞的开放空间来自由奔跑。 最后，养狗开销不小。主人得给狗狗买食物和玩具，要是狗狗生病了，还得带它去看兽医。 基于这些原因，我建议大家不要养狗当宠物。” 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$