Unit 1 Section H 人与自然 相关题型训练-训练1 -2026届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

2025-2026学年度高三英语总复习系列题型专项复习 「Unit 1 阅读理解题型训练」 「Section H 人与自然 相关题型训练-训练1」 答 案 经典题目精读 把握最佳练习 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了哲学家对于宇宙的认知和信息时代下的作者对于宇宙争论的看法。 1. C 题型：推理判断题 根据第一段“Searching the term “simulation hypothesis”(模拟假说)returns numerous results that debate whether the universe is a computer simulation—a concept that some scientists actually take seriously.Unfortunately,this is not a scientific question.We will probably never know whether it's true.We can,instead,use this idea to advance scientific knowledge.”(搜索“模拟假说”这一术语会得到许多关于宇宙是否是计算机模拟的争论结果——些科学家实际上认真对待这个概念。不幸的是，这不是一个科学问题。我们可能永远都不知道这是不是真的。相反，我们可以利用这个想法来推进科学知识)”可知，作者对于模拟假说提出质疑，是为了提出自己的建议，建议使用这一想法来推进科学知识。故选C项。 2. B 题型：词句猜测题 根据第二段“If empirical (实证的)experience fails to reveal reality,reasoning won't reveal reality either since it relies on concepts and words that are contingent on our social,cultural and psychological histories.Again,a black box.(如果经验不能揭示现实，推理也不会揭示现实，因为它依赖于contingent on我们的社会、文化和心理历史的概念和词语)”可知，句中that引导限制性定语从句，指代先行词concepts and words,且结合常识，概念和词语取决于我们的社会、文化和心理历史，推测划线短语表示“取决于”,与determined by意义相近。故选B项。 3. A 题型：推理判断题 根据第二段“The 18th-century philosopher Kant argued that the universe ultimately consists of things-in-themselves that are unknowable.While he held the notion that objective reality exists,he said our mind plays a necessary role in structuring and shaping our perceptions.(18世纪的哲学家康德认为，宇宙最终由不可知的事物本身组成。虽然他认为客观现实是存在的，但他说，我们的大脑在构建和塑造我们的感知方面发挥着必要的作用)”以及第三段“So,if we accept that the universe is unknowable,weal so accept we will never know if we live in a computer simulation.(因此，如果我们接受宇宙是不可知的，我们也接受我们永远不会知道我们是否生活在计算机模拟中)”可知，作者引用康德的观点，并在客观陈述后利用该观点来构建自己的论述，由此可知，作者对康德的论点持欣赏的态度。故选A项。 4. C 题型：推理判断题 根据第四段“There is no point in arguing if the universe is a clock,a set of particles or an output of computation.All these models are tools to deal with the unknown and to make discoveries.And the more tools we have,the more effective and insightful we can become.(争论宇宙是否是一个时钟、一组粒子还是计算输出的产物是没有意义的。所有这些模型都是处理未知事物和发现事物的工具。我们拥有的工具越多，我们就能变得越有效、越有洞察力)”以及第五段"It can be imagined that comparable to the process of building previous scientific models,developing the “computer simulation”metaphor-based model will also be a hugely rewarding exercise.(可以想象，与之前构建科学模型的过程相比，开发基于“计算机模拟”隐喻的模型也将是一项非常有益的工作)”可知，作者认为争论宇宙是否是虚拟的，这是没有意义的，我们应该停止争论宇宙是否为模拟，而应该着手于将其作为一个模型来探索和理解，这样会更有助于科学的进步。故选C项。 第四次阅读：短文填词，检验语法情况 1. whether 考查宾语从句。句意：搜索“模拟假设”这个词，会返回许多关于宇宙是否是计算机模拟的结果——些科学家实际上很重视这个概念。此处引导宾语从句，表示“是否”,应用whether。故填whether。 2. Unfortunately 考查副词。句意：不幸的是，这不是一个科学问题。此处修饰后文句子，应用副词unfortunately“不幸地”,作状语，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Unfortunately。 3. that/which 考查定语从句。句意：18世纪的哲学家康德认为，宇宙最终是由不可知的事物组成的。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是things-in-themselves,指物，关系词在从句作主语，应用关系代词that或which引导。故填that或which。 4. shaping 考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然他认为客观现实是存在的，但他说，我们的大脑在构建和塑造我们的感知方面起着必要的作用。此处作介词宾语，应用动名词。故填shaping。 5. the 考查冠词。句意：现代科学表明，我们对世界的感知经验是大脑中感觉系统和认知功能处理的多个阶段的结果。此处result特指后文提到的大脑中感觉系统和认知功能处理的多个阶段的结果，应用定冠词the。故填the。 6. happens 考查时态。句意：没人知道这个黑盒里到底发生了什么。根据上文knows可知，句子陈述目前事实，应用一般现在时，谓语用三单形式。故填happens。 7. To facilitate 考查非谓语动词。句意：为了促进我们对世界的理解，我们基于我们熟悉的概念隐喻建立模型。此处facilitate作目的状语，应用动词不定式，句首单词，首字母大写。故填To facilitate。 8. uncovered 考查动词时态。句意：在爱因斯坦的理论中，我们发现了粒子物理学的标准模型。此处陈述发生在过去的动作，应用一般过去时。故填uncovered。 9. more effective 考查比较级。句意：我们拥有的工具越多，我们就能变得越有效，越有洞察力。此处为句型the+比较级，the+比较级，在前面加more。故填more effective。 10. can be imagined 考查动词语态。句意：可以想象，与建立以前的科学模型的过程相比，开发“计算机模拟”基于隐喻的模型也将是一项非常有益的工作。主语it与谓语构成被动关系，应用被动语态，表示“可以”用情态动词can, 后跟动词原形。故填can be imagined。 相同主题重现 体会主题奥秘 第1篇 本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了四名志愿者在NASA模拟火星环境中生活了378天，以研究人类在火星上的生活反应，并探讨了火星探索的意义。 1. B 题型：推理判断题 根据第一段中的“However,forecasting earthquakes remains a significant challenge, which was evidenced by the 2011 great Tohoku earthquake.(然而，地震预测仍然是一项重大挑战，2011年的Tohoku大地震就证明了这一点)”可知，提及该地震是为了论证前文“地震预测困难”的观点。故选B。 2. D 题型：细节理解题 根据第二段中的“Based on a previous study that connected solar activity with earthquakes, a study conducted by researchers from the University of Tsukuba (UT)cast light on this possibility,confirming that sunspot numbers had some influence on earthquakes and Earth's climate,as affected by solar heat,played a role.(基于之前的一项将太阳活动与地震联系起来的研究，UT大学的研究人员进行的一项研究揭示了这种可能性，证实了太阳黑子数量对地震和受太阳热量影响的地球气候有一定影响)”可知，该研究聚焦太阳黑子与地震的关联。故选D。 3. D 题型：推理判断题 根据最后一段“The findings suggest the transfer of solar heat to the surface of the Earth does affect earthquakes,however minutely, and that incorporating solar activity predictions into detailed Earth temperature models may help issue earthquake forecasts.(研究结果表明，太阳热量向地球表面的转移确实会影响地震，尽管影响很小，而且将太阳活动预测纳入详细的地球温度模型可能有助于发布地震预测)”可知，萨尔达尼亚认为太阳活动数据对预测地震有帮助。故选D。 4. A 题型：词句猜测题 根据最后一段“we hope our study can decipher the bigger picture of what causes earthquakes(我们希望我们的研究能够…地震成因的更大图景)”可知，decipher后的宾语是“地震成因的更大图景”，结合前文研究的目的是弄清楚太阳活动与地震的关系，以帮助预测地震，也就是要“揭示”地震成因等相关内容，所以decipher应表示“揭示、解读”之意。故选A。 第2篇 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了AI在应对城市自然灾害威胁方面的应用、优势以及面临的挑战。 1. C 题型：细节理解题 根据第一段中"The number of people living in urban areas has tripled(三倍)in the last 50 years.If a major natural disaster hits a city,more lives are in danger.Meanwhile,extreme weather events are becoming stronger and more frequent than ever due to climate change.(在过去的50年里，居住在城市地区的人数增加了两倍。如果一场重大的自然灾害袭击一个城市，更多的生命将处于危险之中。与此同时，由于气候变化，极端天气事件正变得比以往任何时候都更强烈、更频繁。)”可知，城市人口增长增加了灾难风险，导致城市自然灾害威胁日益增长。故选C。 2. D 题型：主旨大意题 通读第二段，尤其是根据第二段中“Luckily, AI is stepping up to help. Its applications in tackling various hazards are already making a difference.(幸运的是，人工智能正在加大力度提供帮助。它在应对各种危害方面的应用已经产生了影响。)”可知，第二段主要聚焦于Al在提高灾害防范能力方面的作用。故选D。 3. A 题型：细节理解题 根据第三段中“But recent advances have improved the accuracy and speed of forecasting. Traditional models,which rely on complex equations to simulate interactions between water and air in the atmosphere,require supercomputers.As a result,they can take hours to generate a single forecast.By contrast,Al weather models learn to spot patterns by training on decades of climate data.This data can be easily gathered from satellites and ground sensors and shared by governments.(但最近的进展提高了预报的准确性和速度。传统模型依赖复杂的方程式来模拟大气中水汽与空气的相互作用，需要超级计算机支持。因此，它们可能需要数小时才能生成一个预报。相比之下，人工智能气象模型通过对数十年气候数据的训练来学习识别模式。这些数据可以轻松从卫星和地面传感器收集，并由各国政府共享。)”可知，Al通过学习过去的数据来更快地预测，从而优于传统模型。故选A。 4. B 题型：推理判断题 根据第二段中“Luckily,Al is stepping up to help.Its applications in tackling various hazards are already making a difference.(幸运的是，人工智能正在加大力度提供帮助。它在应对各种危害方面的应用已经产生了影响。)”可知，作者肯定Al在灾害应对中的积极作用；根据第三段中"But recent advances have improved the accuracy and speed of forecasting.Traditional models,which rely on complex equations to simulate interactions between water and air in the atmosphere,require supercomputers.As a result,they can take hours to generate a single forecast.By contrast,Al weather models learn to spot patterns by training on decades of climate data.(但最近的进展提高了预报的准确性和速度。传统模型依赖复杂的方程式来模拟大气中水汽与空气的相互作用，需要超级计算机支持。因此，它们可能需要数小时才能生成一个预报。相比之下，人工智能气象模型通过对数十年气候数据的训练来学习识别模式。)”可知，作者强调Al的进步。根据第四段中""However,Al models are only as good as the data they are trained on,which can be a problem in some places.(人工智能模型的优劣取决于其训练数据，这在某些地方可能成为一个问题。)”"AI system strained on this skewed(有偏差的)data can be less accurate and negatively affect forecasts.In addition,unlike physics-based models, which follow set rules,Al models become more and more complex.(基于这种扭曲数据训练的人工智能系统可能不太准确，并对预测产生负面影响。此外，与遵循既定规则的基于物理的模型不同，人工智能模型变得越来越复杂。)”可知，作者承认数据偏差和模型复杂性等挑战。所以作者认为人工智能在灾害应对中尽管存在挑战但仍持乐观态度。故选B。 第3篇 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了AI在应对城市自然灾害威胁方面的应用、优势以及面临的挑战。 1. D 题型：细节理解题 根据第二段“To many species,though,it is an opportunity:no competition for resources and no predators(食肉动物).A lack of competition after fire opens a new space in the ecosystem for increased diversity.This new beginning is known as ecological succession(生态演替).(然而，对许多物种来说，这是一个机会：没有资源竞争，也没有捕食者。火灾后缺乏竞争为生态系统中的生物多样性开辟了新的空间。这个新的开始被称为生态演替。)”可知，生态演替为新生命的生长创造了机会。故选D。 2. C 题型：细节理解题 根据第三段“After a disaster,the strong plants and young trees that make up the forest's lower layer are often the most noticeable sign of recovery.These typically fast-growing species require a lot of sunlight,and expand in areas where there are no tall trees to shade them out.(灾难过后，构成森林下层的强壮植物和幼树往往是恢复的最明显迹象。这些通常生长迅速的物种需要大量的阳光，并在没有高大树木遮挡的地区扩展。)”可知，火灾后生态系统恢复的第一个迹象是快速生长的植物的回归。故选C。 3. B 题型：推理判断题 根据第四段“Animals will not return until plants have returned,and it is typically small animals who return to an area first.Lots of habitat and few predators attract small animals like mice,insects,and birds.Once the small animals have established a stable population and are doing well in the area,predators gradually follow.(动物要等到植物回归后才会返回，通常小型动物会首先回到一个地区。大量的栖息地和很少的捕食者吸引了老鼠、昆虫和鸟类等小动物。一旦小型动物建立了稳定的种群并在该地区生存良好，捕食者就会逐渐跟随而来。)”可知，捕食者需要以植物为基础的食物链和栖息地先恢复，小型动物回归并稳定后才会有足够的猎物，因此它们最后返回。捕食者最后一个回归的原因是他们更喜欢食物丰富的地区。故选B。 4. A 题型：推理判断题 根据最后一段“Humans can assist in this process by introducing relevant species to the area through community planting efforts and distribution of beneficial pioneer species.As the threat of climate change continues to hang over us,we must support affected ecosystems in recovery instead of dismissing their natural cycles.(人类可以通过社区种植活动和引入有益的先锋物种来协助这一过程。随着气候变化的威胁持续笼罩着我们，我们必须支持受影响的生态系统恢复，而不是忽视它们的自然循环。)”可知，作者对人类参与生态系统恢复持支持态度。故选A。 第4篇 本文是一篇说明文。文章通过引用密歇根大学的一项研究，阐述了青少年在灾难准备方面的态度、现状以及他们参与灾难准备的重要性，强调了将青少年纳入灾难准备计划的关键作用，并指出了他们在灾难应对和恢复中的创新能力和沟通能力的价值。 1. C 题型：细节理解题 根据文章第一段“As climate change continues to be a contributing factor to the frequency and intensity of disaster events,timely and effective preparedness can save lives and protect property.(随着气候变化持续成为导致灾害事件发生频率和强度增加的一个因素，及时且有效的防灾准备能够拯救生命并保护财产)”可知，由于气候变化持续成为导致灾害事件发生频率和强度增加的一个因素，所以及时且有效的防灾准备能够拯救生命并保护财产，即气候变化带来的风险上升使得灾害防范变得至关重要。故选C。 2. A 题型：推理判断题 根据文章第一段"But according to a recent study in University of Michigan,nearly half of the young people surveyed on disaster preparedness showed they lack readiness for any type of disaster event during a period when climate-related disasters are becoming increasingly frequent.(但根据密歇根大学最近的一项研究，在与气候相关的灾害日益频繁的时期，接受灾害防范调查的年轻人中，近一半的人表明他们对任何类型的灾害事件都缺乏准备)”以及第二段“Of those surveyed,47%of the young people disclosed having no readiness planning in potential disasters,with finances and lack of resources being cited as primary reasons for their lack of readiness.(在接受调查的人中，47%的年轻人透露他们对于潜在的灾害没有制定任何防范计划，而资金问题和资源匮乏被认为是他们缺乏准备的主要原因)”可知，在接受调查的年轻人中，近一半的人对于任何类型的灾害事件都缺乏准备，47%的年轻人表示对于潜在的灾害没有制定防范计划。由此推知，近一半接受调查的年轻人是毫无准备的。故选A。 3. A 题型：推理判断题 根据文章第四段”"Youth are significant stakeholders in developing strategies to be ready for disaster and their insights can lead to policy development that allow youth to prioritize the effective readiness strategies to reduce the potentially destructive impacts and promote individual and community resilience.”Kruger added.(“在制定应对灾害的防范策略方面，年轻人是重要的利益相关者，他们的深刻见解能够推动政策的制定，使年轻人能够优先考虑那些有效的防范策略，以减少潜在的破坏性影响，并提升个人和社区的适应能力。”Kruger补充道)”以及第五段“Young people's capacities for innovation and communication are valuable assets in disaster response and recovery.(年轻人的创新能力和沟通能力是灾害应对和恢复过程中的宝贵财富)”可知，年轻人在制定应对灾害的策略方面是重要的利益相关者，他们的见解能推动政策制定，且他们的创新和沟通能力是灾害应对和恢复中的宝贵财富。由此推知，年轻人的参与至关重要是因为他们富有创造力。故选A。 4. D 题型：词句猜测题 根据上文“Young people's capacities for innovation and communication are valuable assets in disaster response and recovery.(年轻人的创新能力和沟通能力是灾害应对和恢复过程中的宝贵财富)”可知，年轻人在灾害防范中很重要。再根据划线单词所在句”"Our research underscores the need for including young people as key stakeholders in disaster preparedness."Kruger said."As highlighted by the United Nations Office of Disaster Risk Reduction’s Youth Engagement Action Plan,their active contribution is indispensable.”(Kruger说：“我们的研究……将年轻人作为灾害防范中的关键利益相关者的必要性。正如联合国减少灾害风险办公室的《青年参与行动计划》所强调的那样，他们的积极贡献是不可或缺的。”)”可知，年轻人的积极贡献是不可或缺的，所以研究应该是“强调了”将年轻人作为灾害防范中关键利益相关者的必要性。选项D“Emphasizes”,意为“强调”,与此相符。故选D。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025-2026学年度高三英语总复习系列题型专项复习 「Unit 1 阅读理解题型训练」 「Section H 人与自然 相关题型训练-训练1」 经典题目精读 把握最佳练习 第一次阅读：完成题目，按照考试节奏 2024年北京卷 英语高考真题 The notion that we live in someone else’s video game is irresistible to many. Searching the term “simulation hypothesis” (模拟假说) returns numerous results that debate whether the universe is a computer simulation — a concept that some scientists actually take seriously. Unfortunately, this is not a scientific question. We will probably never know whether it’s true. We can, instead, use this idea to advance scientific knowledge. The 18th-century philosopher Kant argued that the universe ultimately consists of things-in-themselves that are unknowable. While he held the notion that objective reality exists, he said our mind plays a necessary role in structuring and shaping our perceptions. Modern sciences have revealed that our perceptual experience of the world is the result of many stages of processing by sensory systems and cognitive (认知的) functions in the brain. No one knows exactly what happens within this black box. If empirical (实证的) experience fails to reveal reality, reasoning won’t reveal reality either since it relies on concepts and words that are contingent on our social, cultural and psychological histories. Again, a black box. So, if we accept that the universe is unknowable, we also accept we will never know if we live in a computer simulation. And then, we can shift our inquiry from “Is the universe a computer simulation? ” to “Can we model the universe as a computer simulation? ” Modelling reality is what we do. To facilitate our comprehension of the world, we build models based on conceptual metaphors (隐喻) that are familiar to us. In Newton’s era, we imagined the universe as a clock. In Einstein’s, we uncovered the standard model of particle (粒子) physics. Now that we are in the information age, we have new concepts such as the computer, information processing, virtual reality, and simulation. Unsurprisingly, these new concepts inspire us to build new models of the universe. Models are not the reality, however. There is no point in arguing if the universe is a clock, a set of particles or an output of computation. All these models are tools to deal with the unknown and to make discoveries. And the more tools we have, the more effective and insightful we can become. It can be imagined that comparable to the process of building previous scientific models, developing the “computer simulation” metaphor-based model will also be a hugely rewarding exercise. 1. What does the author intend to do by challenging a hypothesis? A．Make an assumption. B．Illustrate an argument. C．Give a suggestion. D．Justify a comparison. 2. What does the phrase “contingent on” underlined in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Accepted by. B．Determined by. C．Awakened by. D．Discovered by. 3. As for Kant’s argument, the author is _________. A．appreciative B．doubtful C．unconcerned D．disapproving 4. It is implied in this passage that we should _________. A．compare the current models with the previous ones B．continue exploring the classical models in history C．stop arguing whether the universe is a simulation D．turn simulations of the universe into realities up. 第二次阅读：识记单词，掌握英语基础 1. notion n. 观念，概念 例句：The notion that we live in someone else’s video game is irresistible to many. 翻译：我们生活在别人的电子游戏里这一观念对许多人来说极具吸引力。 2. irresistible adj. 无法抗拒的，极具吸引力的 例句：The notion that we live in someone else’s video game is irresistible to many. 翻译：我们生活在别人的电子游戏里这一观念对许多人来说极具吸引力。 3. simulation n. 模拟，仿真 例句：Searching the term “simulation hypothesis” returns numerous results that debate whether the universe is a computer simulation. 翻译：搜索 “模拟假说” 这一术语会得到大量结果，这些结果都在争论宇宙是否是一个计算机模拟。 4. hypothesis n. 假说，假设 例句：Searching the term “simulation hypothesis” returns numerous results that debate whether the universe is a computer simulation. 翻译：搜索 “模拟假说” 这一术语会得到大量结果，这些结果都在争论宇宙是否是一个计算机模拟。 5. universe n. 宇宙，世界 例句：Searching the term “simulation hypothesis” returns numerous results that debate whether the universe is a computer simulation. 翻译：搜索 “模拟假说” 这一术语会得到大量结果，这些结果都在争论宇宙是否是一个计算机模拟。 6. concept n. 概念，观念 例句：a concept that some scientists actually take seriously. 翻译：一些科学家实际上认真对待的一个概念。 7. philosopher n. 哲学家 例句：The 18th-century philosopher Kant argued that the universe ultimately consists of things-in-themselves that are unknowable. 翻译：18 世纪的哲学家康德认为，宇宙归根结底是由不可知的 “物自体” 构成的。 8. ultimate adj. 最终的，根本的 例句：The 18th-century philosopher Kant argued that the universe ultimately consists of things-in-themselves that are unknowable. 翻译：18 世纪的哲学家康德认为，宇宙归根结底是由不可知的 “物自体” 构成的。 9. perceive v. 感知，察觉 例句：While he held the notion that objective reality exists, he said our mind plays a necessary role in structuring and shaping our perceptions. 翻译：虽然他认为客观现实是存在的，但他说我们的大脑在构建和塑造我们的感知中扮演着必要角色。 10. perceptual adj. 感知的，知觉的 例句：Modern sciences have revealed that our perceptual experience of the world is the result of many stages of processing. 翻译：现代科学表明，我们对世界的感知体验是多个处理阶段的结果。 11. sensory adj. 感觉的，感官的 例句：...many stages of processing by sensory systems and cognitive functions in the brain. 翻译：…… 大脑中感官系统和认知功能的多个处理阶段。 12. cognitive adj. 认知的，认识的 例句：...many stages of processing by sensory systems and cognitive functions in the brain. 翻译：…… 大脑中感官系统和认知功能的多个处理阶段。 13. empirical adj. 实证的，经验主义的 例句：If empirical experience fails to reveal reality, reasoning won’t reveal reality either. 翻译：如果实证经验无法揭示现实，推理也无法揭示现实。 14. contingent adj. 依情况而定的，偶然的 例句：...concepts and words that are contingent on our social, cultural and psychological histories. 翻译：…… 取决于我们的社会、文化和心理历史的概念和词汇。 15. metaphor n. 隐喻，暗喻 例句：...we build models based on conceptual metaphors that are familiar to us. 翻译：…… 我们基于我们熟悉的概念隐喻构建模型。 第三次阅读：精读文章，寻觅佳句好句 1. 让步状语从句 + 同位语从句嵌套 While he held the notion that objective reality exists, he said our mind plays a necessary role in structuring and shaping our perceptions. 语法分析 （1）主干结构：he said our mind plays a role. （2）复合修饰： “While he held the notion...” 为让步状语从句，由 while 引导，表 “尽管”，从句主语为 he，谓语为 held； 从句内嵌套同位语从句 “that objective reality exists”，修饰先行词 “notion”，解释 “观念” 的具体内容，that 在从句中不作成分； 主句中 “in structuring and shaping our perceptions” 为介词短语作状语，动名词短语 “structuring and shaping” 作介词 in 的宾语； 2. 条件状语从句 + 原因状语从句 + 定语从句 If empirical experience fails to reveal reality, reasoning won’t reveal reality either since it relies on concepts and words that are contingent on our social, cultural and psychological histories. 语法分析 （1）主干结构：reasoning won’t reveal reality either. （2）多层从句： “If empirical experience fails to reveal reality” 为条件状语从句，表假设，遵循 “if + 一般现在时，主句用一般将来时” 的时态规则； “since it relies on concepts...” 为原因状语从句，解释主句 “推理无法揭示现实” 的原因，since 在此表 “因为”； “that are contingent on...” 为定语从句，修饰先行词 “concepts and words”，关系代词 that 在从句中作主语； 3. 应用文好句积累与背诵（适用于认知探索型等题材） “We will probably never know whether the universe is a simulation, but we can use this idea to advance scientific knowledge”—this shift from “knowing” to “using” defines progress in exploration. “我们或许永远无法知晓宇宙是否是一场模拟，但我们可以用这一想法推进科学认知”—— 这种从 “知晓” 到 “利用” 的转变，定义了探索中的进步。 用于 “探索与认知” 主题，如：“As with the simulation hypothesis, many mysteries may never be solved. Yet like early astronomers using ‘earth-centered models’ to predict orbits, we progress not by knowing all, but by using what we have.”（“如同模拟假说，许多奥秘或许永远无法解开。但就像早期天文学家利用‘地心模型’预测轨道，我们的进步不在于知晓一切，而在于利用已有认知”）； 结尾段点睛：“Doubt is not a dead end—it’s a starting line for turning questions into tools.” 4. 读后续写好句积累与背诵（适用于认知瓶颈等题材） “From Newton’s clock-like universe to today’s simulation models, each metaphor is a ladder to climb closer to truth.” “从牛顿眼中钟表般的宇宙，到如今的模拟模型，每一种隐喻都是让我们更接近真理的阶梯。” 用于主角突破认知瓶颈的场景，如：“Stuck on the physics problem, she remembered the metaphor of ‘universe as clock’—suddenly, equations that once confused her became gears in a machine, each turning to fit the whole.”（“卡在物理题上时，她想起‘宇宙如钟表’的隐喻 —— 突然，曾经困惑她的方程变成了机器中的齿轮，每个都咬合转动，构成整体”）； 语法句仿写可套用 “While + 从句，主句 + 同位语从句” 或 “if + 从句，主句 + since + 定语从句” 结构，注意从句时态与逻辑衔接； 第四次阅读：短文填词，检验语法情况 The notion that we live in someone else’s video game is irresistible to many. Searching the term “simulation hypothesis” (模拟假说) returns numerous results that debate 1. ___________ the universe is a computer simulation — a concept that some scientists actually take seriously. 2. ___________ (fortunate), this is not a scientific question. We will probably never know whether it’s true. We can, instead, use this idea to advance scientific knowledge. The 18th-century philosopher Kant argued that the universe ultimately consists of things-in-themselves 3. ___________ are unknowable. While he held the notion that objective reality exists, he said our mind plays a necessary role in structuring and 4. ___________ (shape) our perceptions. Modern sciences have revealed that our perceptual experience of the world is 5. ___________ result of many stages of processing by sensory systems and cognitive (认知的) functions in the brain. No one knows exactly what 6. ___________ (happen) within this black box. If empirical (实证的) experience fails to reveal reality, reasoning won’t reveal reality either since it relies on concepts and words that are contingent on our social, cultural and psychological histories. Again, a black box. So, if we accept that the universe is unknowable, we also accept we will never know if we live in a computer simulation. And then, we can shift our inquiry from “Is the universe a computer simulation? ” to “Can we model the universe as a computer simulation? ” Modelling reality is what we do.7. ___________ (facilitate) our comprehension of the world, we build models based on conceptual metaphors (隐喻) that are familiar to us. In Newton’s era, we imagined the universe as a clock. In Einstein’s, we 8. ___________ (uncover) the standard model of particle (粒子) physics. Now that we are in the information age, we have new concepts such as the computer, information processing, virtual reality, and simulation. Unsurprisingly, these new concepts inspire us to build new models of the universe. Models are not the reality, however. There is no point in arguing if the universe is a clock, a set of particles or an output of computation. All these models are tools to deal with the unknown and to make discoveries. And the more tools we have, the 9. ___________ (effective) and insightful we can become. It 10. ___________ (imagine) that comparable to the process of building previous scientific models, developing the “computer simulation” metaphor-based model will also be a hugely rewarding exercise. 相同主题重现 体会主题奥秘 1. 2025年山东济南模拟 Scientists have revealed much of the basics about earthquakes: tectonic plates (构造板块) move, causing strain energy (应变能) to build up, and that energy eventually releases in the form of an earthquake. However, forecasting earthquakes remains a significant challenge, which was evidenced by the 2011 great Tohoku earthquake. In addition to causing a tsunami that led to the Fukushima nuclear disaster, it resulted in more than 18,000 deaths. In recent years, researchers have been trying to figure out a possible relation between the sun and earthquakes. Based on a previous study that connected solar activity with earthquakes, a study conducted by researchers from the University of Tsukuba (UT) cast light on this possibility, confirming that sunspot numbers had some influence on earthquakes and Earth’s climate, as affected by solar heat, played a role. “Solar heat drives atmospheric temperature changes, which in turn can affect things like rock properties and underground water movement,” said Junqueira Saldanha, leader of the research team. “Such changes can make rocks tend to break apart. For example, the changes in rainfall and snowmelt can affect the pressure on tectonic plate boundaries. While these factors may not be the main drivers of earthquakes, they could still be playing a role that can help to predict earthquakes.” Among other findings, the researchers used mathematical and computational methods to analyze earthquake data alongside solar activity records and surface temperatures on Earth. They observed that when they included Earth surface temperatures into their model, the forecasting became more accurate, especially for shallow earthquakes. “That makes sense, since heat and water mostly affect the upper layers of the Earth’s crust (地壳),” said Saldanha. The findings suggest the transfer of solar heat to the surface of the Earth does affect earthquakes, however minutely, and that incorporating solar activity predictions into detailed Earth temperature models may help issue earthquake forecasts. “It’s an exciting direction, and we hope our study can decipher the bigger picture of what causes earthquakes,” said Saldanha. 1. Why did the author mention Tohoku earthquake in Paragraph 1? A．To demonstrate the movement of tectonic plates. B．To illustrate the difficulty in earthquake forecast. C．To reveal the heavy losses caused by earthquakes. D．To stress the necessity of weakening strain energy. 2. What does the study by UT mainly focus on? A．The climate change caused by earthquakes. B．The impact of solar activity on atmosphere. C．The reasons for increased sunspot numbers. D．The link between sunspots and earthquakes. 3. Which of the following would Saldanha agree? A．Solar heat decides earthquake frequency. B．Tectonic plate pressure grows constantly. C．Earthquakes occur in the crust’s upper layer. D．Solar activity data helps predict earthquakes. 4. What does the underlined word “decipher” in the last paragraph mean? A．Reveal. B．Distinguish. C．Expand. D．Assess. 2. 2025年浙江绍兴模拟 The number of people living in urban areas has tripled (三倍) in the last 50 years. If a major natural disaster hits a city, more lives are in danger. Meanwhile, extreme weather events are becoming stronger and more frequent than ever due to climate change. How can we deal with this growing threat? Luckily, AI is stepping up to help. Its applications in tackling various hazards are already making a difference. In October 2024, experts used AI models to accurately predict where Hurricane Milton would land. AI is also being used to warn the public more efficiently. The U. S. National Weather Service has partnered with AI translation firm Lilt to help deliver forecasts in Spanish and Chinese. This could shorten the time to translate a warning from an hour to just ten minutes. Machine learning techniques have been applied to weather forecasting models for years. But recent advances have improved the accuracy and speed of forecasting. Traditional models, which rely on complex equations to simulate interactions between water and air in the atmosphere, require supercomputers. As a result, they can take hours to generate a single forecast. By contrast, AI weather models learn to spot patterns by training on decades of climate data. This data can be easily gathered from satellites and ground sensors and shared by governments. However, AI models are only as good as the data they are trained on, which can be a problem in some places. Poorer regions, often at the greatest risk of climate disasters, typically have fewer weather sensors. The ones they do have are often poorly maintained, creating gaps in climate data. AI systems trained on this skewed (有偏差的) data can be less accurate and negatively affect forecasts. In addition, unlike physics-based models, which follow set rules, AI models become more and more complex. As they advance, these models increasingly operate as “black boxes”, where the path from input to output becomes less transparent (透明的). 1. What is causing the growing threats from natural disasters in cities? A．Outdated weather models in cities. B．Low disaster risk awareness in cities. C．Urban growth raises disaster risks. D．Climate change reduces extreme weather in cities. 2. What does paragraph 2 mainly focus on? A．Government efforts in disaster relief. B．Limitations of traditional weather forecasts. C．Economic impact of disasters on urban areas. D．AI’s role in improving disaster preparedness. 3. How do AI forecasting models outperform traditional models? A．AI learns from past data to predict more quickly. B．AI is more transparent than physics-based models. C．AI relies on more supercomputers for faster results. D．AI needs no satellite data, using only ground sensors. 4. What is the author’s overall attitude toward AI’s role in disaster response? A．Critical of its complexity. B．Optimistic despite challenges. C．Uncertain of its effectiveness. D．Skeptical due to data limitations. 3. 2025年河北邯郸模拟 Watching the disastrous fires across southern California, many wonder if the complex, diverse ecosystems of the region can possibly recover from this disaster. The short answer is yes. However, the process is not simple. More recently, it has also become apparent that our rapidly changing climate is changing the stages of recovery, and humans can help the process. Fire is a natural part of ecosystem cycles. After a fire, there is an open parcel of land that, to the human eye, is similar to a wound on the land. To many species, though, it is an opportunity: no competition for resources and no predators (食肉动物). A lack of competition after fire opens a new space in the ecosystem for increased diversity. This new beginning is known as ecological succession (生态演替). Land conditions after a fire depend on the intensity of the fire: how hot it burned and how far it spread. In the early days of ecosystem recovery, burnt landscapes are taken over by strong microorganisms and tough plants. These initial explorers use the nutrients in the soil to allow more plants to expand. After a disaster, the strong plants and young trees that make up the forest’s lower layer are often the most noticeable sign of recovery. These typically fast-growing species require a lot of sunlight, and expand in areas where there are no tall trees to shade them out. Animals will not return until plants have returned, and it is typically small animals who return to an area first. Lots of habitat and few predators attract small animals like mice, insects, and birds. Once the small animals have established a stable population and are doing well in the area, predators gradually follow. Though all ecosystems are constantly changing, the sign that an ecosystem has reached a point of “health” is biodiversity. Humans can assist in this process by introducing relevant species to the area through community planting efforts and distribution of beneficial pioneer species. As the threat of climate change continues to hang over us, we must support affected ecosystems in recovery instead of dismissing their natural cycles. 1. What do we know about “ecological succession” in paragraph 2? A．It destroys the diversity of species. B．It keeps predators active in the area. C．It leads to fierce competition for resources. D．It creates opportunities for new life to grow. 2. What is the first sign of ecosystem recovery after a fire? A．Large trees growing back. B．Animal species returning. C．The return of fast-growing plants. D．The return of predators to the area. 3. Why are predators the last to return to burned areas? A．They are attracted by human activity. B．They prefer areas with abundant food. C．They need plants to return first for shelter. D．They have to adapt to the dry environment. 4. What does the author think of human involvement in ecosystem recovery? A．Supportive. B．Doubtful. C．Critical. D．Uninterested. 4. 2025年山东枣庄模拟 As climate change continues to be a contributing factor to the frequency and intensity of disaster events, timely and effective preparedness can save lives and protect property. But according to a recent study in University of Michigan, nearly half of the young people surveyed on disaster preparedness showed they lack readiness for any type of disaster event during a period when climate-related disasters are becoming increasingly frequent. Surveying 1,083 individuals aged 14 to 24 through text messaging, the University’s My Voice project brought to the forefront the attitudes young people hold regarding disaster preparedness. Of those surveyed, 47% of the young people disclosed having no readiness planning in potential disasters, with finances and lack of resources being cited as primary reasons for their lack of readiness. “While respondents felt there were actions they could take now to prepare for a future disaster, some were unsure of the most effective readiness approaches they and their communities could take,” said Katherine Kruger, lead author and a Ph.D. student at the U-M School of Nursing. “Youth are significant stakeholders in developing strategies to be ready for disaster and their insights can lead to policy development that allow youth to prioritize the effective readiness strategies to reduce the potentially destructive impacts and promote individual and community resilience” Kruger added. Inclusion of young individuals in readiness planning is crucial. They provide unique perspectives that can greatly enhance strategies designed to boost resilience (适应力) both at the individual and community levels. The study’s findings highlight an opportunity to engage youth in readiness efforts that empower them and strengthen the larger emergency management framework. Young people’s capacities for innovation and communication are valuable assets in disaster response and recovery. “Our research underscores the need for including young people as key stakeholders in disaster preparedness.” Kruger said. “As highlighted by the United Nations Office of Disaster Risk Reduction’s Youth Engagement Action Plan, their active contribution is indispensable.” 1. What makes disaster preparedness vital? A．The changing lifestyle of the youth. B．The loss of natural resources. C．The rising risks of climate change. D．The lack of safety awareness. 2. What are nearly half of young people surveyed like? A．Unprepared. B．Dismissive. C．Confident. D．Fearful. 3. Why is young people’s involvement crucial? A．They are creative. B．They are innocent. C．They are sociable. D．They are ambitious. 4. What does the underlined word “underscores” mean in the last paragraph? A．Discovers. B．Argues. C．Advocates. D．Emphasizes. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$