Unit 1 Section G 人与自然 相关题型训练-训练3 -2026届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

2025-2026学年度高三英语总复习系列题型专项复习 「Unit 1 阅读理解题型训练」 「Section G 人与自然 相关题型训练-训练3」 答 案 经典题目精读 把握最佳练习 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了巴比伦微农场(BMF)的一些主要优势，包括减少食物运输距离、通过云技术远程监控、自动化系统节约水资源、减少化学污染、以及员工的环保生活方式等。 1. C 题型：细节理解题 根据第一段“While farmer's markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm(BMF) shortens it even more.(虽然农贸市场是减少旅程的可靠选择，但巴比伦微型农场(BMF)甚至缩短了旅程)”可知，巴比伦微型农场(BMF)进一步缩短了从农场到餐桌的距离。故选C。 2. B 题型：细节理解题 根据第二段“These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens(标本),and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change,I wanted to know:Are they usable?(这些观察结果现在超过了来自物理标本的原始数据，而且由于我们越来越多地使用观察数据来研究物种如何应对全球变化，我想知道：它们有用吗?”和第四段”"We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias(使有偏差)data,like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,"said Daru.(Daru说“我们特别感兴趣的是探索取样容易产生数据偏差的方面，比如公民科学家更有可能拍摄开花植物的照片，而不是它旁边的草。”)”可知，Daru的研究聚焦于观察数据，即人们通过移动应用记录的物种观察数据。故选C。 3. D 题型：推理判断题 根据最后一段“BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work.Inside the office,they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic."We are passionate about reducing waste,carbon and chemicals in our environment,"said a BMF employee.(BMF员工在日常生活中追求可持续发展。大约一半的人步行或骑自行车上班。在办公室里，他们通过限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料来鼓励回收和减少浪费。BMF的一名员工表示：“我们热衷于减少环境中的废物、碳和化学品。”)”可知，BMF员工具有强烈的环保意识。故选D。 4. A 题型：主旨大意题 根据第一段“While farmer's markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm(BMF)shortens it even more.(虽然农贸市场是减少旅程的可靠选择，但巴比伦微型农场(BMF)甚至缩短了旅程)”、第三段“By connecting through the Cloud,BMF is remotely monitored.Also,there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time.Because the system is automated,it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants.Rather than watering rows of soil,the system provides just the right amount to each plant.(通过云连接，对BMF进行远程监控。此外，还有一个方便的应用程序可以实时提供不断增长的数据。由于该系统是自动化的，因此大大减少了种植植物所需的水量。该系统不是给一排排土壤浇水，而是为每株植物提供合适的水量)”以及最后一段“BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives.About half of them walk or bike to work.Inside the office,they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic."We are passionate about reducing waste,carbon and chemicals in our environment,"said a BMF employee.(BMF员工在日常生活中追求可持续发展。大约一半的人步行或骑自行车上班。在办公室里，他们通过限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料来鼓励回收和减少浪费。BMF的一名员工表示：“我们热衷于减少环境中的废物、碳和化学品。”)”可知，文章主要介绍了巴比伦微农场(BMF)的一些主要优势，包括减少食物运输距离、通过云技术远程监控、自动化系统节约水资源、减少化学污染、以及员工的环保生活方式等。故选A。 全文翻译： 我们都知道，说到食物，新鲜最好。然而，商店里的大多数农产品在摆上餐桌前，都经历了数周的运输，行程达数百英里。尽管农贸市场是缩短运输路程的可靠选择，但巴比伦微型农场（BMF）将这一距离缩得更短。 BMF是一种室内花园系统，既可为家庭搭建，也能服务医院、餐厅或学校等更大群体。其创新设计无需太多精力，即可实现每周稳定供应新鲜绿叶菜。 具体而言，这是一个依赖新技术的农场。通过云端连接，BMF可被远程监控，还有便捷的应用程序实时提供种植数据。由于系统自动化运行，植物生长所需水量显著减少——它并非为整排土壤浇水，而是精准为每株植物提供适量水分。收获后，用户只需用新的预播种容器替换植株，即可开启下一个生长周期。 此外，在食用场所同一建筑内设置该系统，意味着从植物到沙拉的运输过程零排放。同时，无需使用污染传统农场及周边环境的农药和其他化学物质。 BMF员工在日常生活中践行可持续理念：约半数人步行或骑自行车上班。在办公室内，他们通过限制垃圾桶数量、避免使用一次性塑料来鼓励回收和减少浪费。“我们热衷于减少环境中的废弃物、碳排放和化学物质，”一位BMF员工表示。 第四次阅读：短文填词，检验语法情况 1. covered 考查时态。句意 然而，商店里的大多数农产品在到达餐桌之前，都经历了数周的运输，行程达数百英里。“and”连接"went through”和设空处的动作，二者为并列关系，时态需一致。“went through”是一般过去时，所以“cover”也应用一般过去式。故填covered。 2. a 考查冠词。句意 虽然农贸市场是减少运输路程的一个可靠选择，但巴比伦微型农场(BMF)能进一步缩短这个路程。choice”为可数名词单数，此处表泛指“一个选择”,“solid”以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词“a”。故填a。 3. Additionally 考查副词。句意：此外，它还可以服务更多的人群，比如医院、餐馆或学校。句子结构该句需一个副词修饰整个句子，起补充说明作用。“addition”的副词形式为“additionally”首字母大写。故填Additionally。 4. relies 考查主谓一致与时态。句意：具体来说，这是一个依靠新技术的农场。“that (rely)on new technology”是定语从句修饰“farm”,先行词“farm”是单数，且此处陈述一般事实，用一般现在时，所以从句谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填relies。 5. through 考查介词。句意：通过连接到云，BMF受到远程监控。“connect through”表示“通过……连接”,这里指通过云进行连接，符合语境。故填through。 6. needed 考查非谓语动词。句意 由于系统是自动化的，它显著减少了种植植物所需的水量。“need”与"water”是逻辑上的动宾关系，即“水被需要”，所以用过去分词“needed”作后置定语修饰"water”。故填needed。 7. watering 考查非谓语动词。句意：该系统不是给一排排的土壤浇水，而是给每一株植物提供适量的水。“rather than”后接动名词形式，与“watering rows of soil”构成平行结构，"water”的动名词形式为“watering”。故填watering。 8. where 考查定语从句。句意：此外，在食用植物的同一栋楼里拥有一个系统意味着从土壤到沙拉的植物运输过程中零排放。“it's eaten”是定语从句修饰“the same building”,先行词在从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词“where”引导定语从句。故填where。 9. surrounding 考查形容词。句意：此外，无需使用农药和其他污染传统农场和周围环境的化学物质。这里需要一个形容词修饰“environment”,“surrounding”表示“周围的”,作定语。故填surrounding。 10. sustainability 考查名词。句意：BMF的员工在日常生活中践行可持续性。“live out”后接名词作宾语，"sustain”的名词形式为“sustainability”,表示“可持续性”。故填sustainability。 相同主题重现 体会主题奥秘 第1篇 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要分析了电动汽车在减少尾气污染方面的优势与仍存在的非尾气污染问题，探讨其环境影响及改进方向。 1. B 题型：推理判断题 根据第一段中“While road traffic significantly contributes to this problem, the shift to electric vehicles (EVs) presents both promise and challenges that deserve careful examination. (尽管道路交通是造成这一问题的主要原因，但向电动汽车的转型既带来了希望，也带来了需要认真审视的挑战)”以及后文对电动汽车优势和挑战的详细介绍，可知文章的主要目的是权衡电动汽车的利弊。故选B。 2. C 题型：细节理解题 根据第二段中“However, they still generate substantial non-exhaust pollutants from brake, tire and road wear. (然而，它们（电动汽车）仍然会因刹车、轮胎磨损和路面磨损产生大量的非尾气污染物)”可知，电动汽车的污染物主要来自刹车、轮胎和路面磨损，其中轮胎与路面的摩擦是产生污染物的原因之一。故选C。 3. B 题型：词句猜测题 根据第四段“They maintain an environmental advantage partly through regenerative braking systems where when the driver removes their foot from the pedal, the continued forward motion of the car is harvested to recharge the battery, thereby slowing the car down. (它们（电动汽车）之所以能保持环境优势，部分得益于regenerative制动系统——当驾驶员松开踏板时，汽车持续向前的动能会被收集起来为电池充电，从而使车辆减速)”可知，司机松开踏板时，汽车的前进动能被收集以给电池充电，即“能量回收”。“regenerative”意为 “再生的、能量回收的”，与“Energy-recycling(能源回收)”对应。故选B。 4. A 题型：推理判断题 根据最后一段中“Encouraging people to consider smaller cars, though difficult, would be another, as bigger sizes often mean larger and heavier batteries and the extra range provided by largest batteries may never be needed. (鼓励人们考虑更小的汽车，尽管困难，将是另一个（策略），因为更大的车型通常意味着更大、更重的电池，而最大电池提供的额外续航里程可能永远不需要)”可推知，超大型电动汽车可能会因为电池更大更重而产生不必要的污染。故选A。 全文翻译： 空气污染仍是一场全球性健康危机，2021年导致全球470万人过早死亡——这一数字约相当于道路交通事故、疟疾和自杀死亡人数的总和。尽管道路交通是这一问题的主要成因，但向电动汽车（EV）的转型既带来了希望，也伴随着值得审慎审视的挑战。 与传统汽车不同，电动汽车不产生直接尾气排放，这对改善城市空气质量至关重要。然而，它们仍会因刹车、轮胎和道路磨损产生大量非尾气污染物。这些微颗粒（尤其是小于2.5微米的颗粒）会通过bloodstream进入肺部和其他器官，构成严重健康风险，可能引发心脏或肺部疾病、中风及癌症。 南安普顿大学研究人员2021年的一项研究发现，部分刹车片粉尘似乎对肺细胞更具破坏性，部分原因在于其铜含量较高——铜可损害细胞和DNA。科学家估计，电动汽车比其他汽车产生更多此类非尾气颗粒，因为其电池更重（平均重量2133公斤，而传统车辆为1500-1800公斤），导致摩擦更大。 尽管如此，电动汽车的污染程度仍普遍低于其他汽车。其环境优势部分源于再生制动系统：当驾驶员松开踏板时，车辆的持续前进动能会被转化为电池电量，从而使车辆减速。对比研究显示，计入所有污染源后，电动汽车每公里排放约14毫克细颗粒物，而汽油车为18毫克/公里。 若要最大化电动汽车的效益，需采取若干关键策略：其一，可参照尾气排放标准对非尾气排放进行监管；其二，尽管困难，仍应鼓励消费者选择小型车辆——因为更大的车型通常意味着更重的电池，而大容量电池提供的额外续航里程可能根本用不上；此外，为电动汽车供电的电力必须来自可再生能源，以免污染仅从交通领域转移至发电厂。 第2篇 这是一篇说明文。文章讨论了人工智能（AI）的能源消耗问题，指出其对环境的影响日益显著，尤其是数据中心的能耗不断增加，引发了对全球可持续性的担忧。 1. A 题型：细节理解题 根据第二段“While a small percentage of AI systems are trained using low-emission sources such as solar, hydro, or nuclear power, the overwhelming majority still depend on the conventional energy mix supplied by national grids.(虽然一小部分人工智能系统使用太阳能、水电或核能等低排放源进行训练，但绝大多数人工智能系统仍依赖国家电网提供的传统能源结构)”可知，绝大多数AI系统依赖国家电网提供的传统能源组合，而传统能源主要指化石燃料。故选A项。 2. D 题型：推理判断题 根据第三段“Language-processing AI systems develop their abilities by devouring large collections of written content, which may include everything from online articles to digitized books in multiple languages. Training them takes extended time and constant system activity, often depending on powerful machines running without interruption.(语言处理AI系统通过大量吸收各种书面内容来发展其能力，这些内容可能包括从在线文章到多种语言的数字化书籍。训练它们需要花费大量时间，并且需要持续的系统活动，通常依赖于不间断运行的强大机器)”可知，训练语言处理AI需要长时间不间断运行高性能机器，这些机器运行消耗大量传统能源，所以训练语言处理AI是高耗能的过程，它们是能源密集型的。故选D项。 3. D 题型：推理判断题 根据第四段“To compare how different activities affect the climate, researchers often combine the impacts of all greenhouse gases into what they call CO2 equivalents. In 2019, researchers calculated the impact of developing an AI model named Transformer. It released a whopping 626, 000 pounds of carbon dioxide equivalents. That’s equal to the greenhouse gases that would be poured by five American cars from when they were made to when they were junked.(为了比较不同活动对气候的影响，研究人员通常将所有温室气体的影响合并为他们所说的二氧化碳当量。2019年，研究人员计算了一个名为Transformer的AI模型的开发影响。它释放了惊人的626,000磅二氧化碳当量。这相当于五辆美国汽车从制造到报废所排放的温室气体总量)”可知，通过Transformer模型排放62.6万磅CO₂的实例，强调AI开发需付出的环境代价。故选D项。 4. B 题型：推理判断题 根据最后一段“Today, most AI development happens at data centers. These computer-filled buildings account for some 2 percent US electricity use and 1 percent of global energy use. As AI models grow larger and more computationally demanding, these figures are expected to rise. Some experts have sounded the alarm, warning that the unchecked energy appetite of such systems may soon pose a significant threat to global sustainability efforts. With rising energy demands, AI’s expansion signals more than just innovation — where it leads remains uncertain.(如今，大多数人工智能开发都发生在数据中心。这些充满电脑的建筑占美国用电量的2%，占全球用电量的1%。随着人工智能模型变得越来越大，对计算的要求也越来越高，这些数字预计还会上升。一些专家已经敲响了警钟，他们警告说，这些系统不受控制的能源需求可能很快就会对全球可持续发展的努力构成重大威胁)”可知，数据中心能耗巨大，且AI模型扩大将加剧能源需求，专家警告其威胁可持续发展，暗示需重视能源足迹。故选B项。 全文翻译： 人工智能（AI）是一种计算机代码，使机器能够完成通常需要人类大脑的任务。例如在TikTok上，AI会对帖子进行分类，让你最先看到的可能是你更感兴趣的内容。但在AI执行任何此类任务之前，开发人员必须对其进行训练。 尽管一小部分AI系统使用太阳能、水力或核能等低排放能源进行训练，但绝大多数仍依赖国家电网提供的传统能源组合。在世界许多地区，这种能源结构会导致大量碳排放，这引发了人们对高能耗AI模型环境足迹的日益担忧。 语言处理AI系统通过处理大量书面内容来发展能力，这些内容可能包括从网络文章到多语言数字化书籍的所有材料。训练它们需要长时间和持续的系统运行，通常依赖于不间断运行的强大机器。例如，为了实现英中互译，一个AI模型可能需要处理数百万甚至数十亿篇翻译过的书籍和文章，以此学习词汇和短语的对应关系。之后，当输入新文本时，它会生成自己的翻译建议。 为了比较不同活动对气候的影响，研究人员通常将所有温室气体的影响综合为“二氧化碳当量”。2019年，研究人员计算了开发名为“Transformer”的AI模型的影响，其释放的二氧化碳当量高达62.6万磅——这相当于五辆美国汽车从生产到报废全过程排放的温室气体总量。 如今，大多数AI开发工作在数据中心进行。这些布满计算机的建筑约占美国2%的电力消耗和全球1%的能源消耗。随着AI模型规模扩大且计算需求增加，这些数字预计将进一步上升。一些专家已发出警告，称此类系统无节制的能源消耗可能很快对全球可持续发展努力构成重大威胁。随着能源需求攀升，AI的扩张不仅意味着创新——其最终走向仍未可知。 第3篇 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了印度首都新德里遭遇严重雾霾的情况。 1. B 题型：细节理解题 由文章第二段中“Cooler temperatures and slow-moving winds trap deadly pollutants each winter, stretching from mid-October until at least January. (每年冬天，较低的气温和缓慢移动的风都会捕获致命的污染物，从10月中旬至少持续到1月。)”可知，低温和不利的空气条件导致了新德里的严重雾霾。故选B。 2. C 题型：词句猜测题 根据第二段中“Many in the city cannot afford air filters (净化器) nor do they have homes where they can effectively seal from the misery of foul smelling air. (城市里的许多人买不起空气过滤器，也没有房子可以有效地seal from难闻的空气。)”可知，城市里的许多人也没有房子可以有效地躲避难闻的空气。可以推断出seal from意为“躲避，遮挡，远离”，与选项C“Shelter from (躲避，遮挡)”意思相符。故选C。 3. D 题型：推理判断题 由文章最后一段中“Politicians from the central government are accused of not wanting to anger key figures in their constituencies (选区), particularly powerful farming groups. (来自中央政府的政客们被指责不想激怒他们选区的关键人物，特别是强大的农业团体。)”可知，中央政府政客不愿得罪有影响力的人。故选D。 4. A 题型：主旨大意题 通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段“Residents of India’s capital New Delhi choked in a poisonous smog Wednesday as worsening air pollution surged past 50 times the World Health Organization’s recommended daily maximum. (周三，印度首都新德里的居民被有毒的雾霾呛得喘不过气来，日益恶化的空气污染超过了世界卫生组织建议的每日上限的50倍。)”可知，文章主要讲述了印度首都新德里遭遇严重雾霾的情况，雾霾的主要来源以及政府和相关部门对此的应对措施和存在的问题。因此，A项“India’s capital chokes on toxic smog (印度首都饱受有毒雾霾之苦)”符合题意。故选A。 全文翻译： 周三，印度首都新德里的居民窒息在有毒烟雾中，不断恶化的空气污染浓度飙升至世界卫生组织（WHO）建议日最大限值的50倍以上。 该市许多人买不起空气净化器，也没有能有效隔绝恶臭空气的住房。 每年冬季，从10月中旬持续至至少1月，较低的气温和缓慢的风速会困住致命污染物。据监测机构IQAir数据，周三黎明时分，这座拥有3000多万人口的城市部分区域的危险污染物浓度高达每立方米806微克。 这一数值超过世界卫生组织建议的每日最大限值53倍以上——这类被称为PM2.5的致癌微颗粒可通过肺部进入血液。到中午（通常是空气状况最佳时段），不同区域的污染水平仍比危险阈值高出25至35倍。 这座城市每年都被刺鼻的雾霾笼罩，主要原因被归咎于邻近地区农民为犁地而焚烧秸秆，以及工厂和交通排放。但《纽约时报》本月基于五年间收集的空气和土壤样本发布的报告显示，焚烧城市垃圾填埋场的发电厂释放的危险烟雾和气体，也是雾霾的成因之一。 印度气象局称，至少18个地区机场的能见度低于1000米，新德里的能见度甚至跌破500米。 印度最高法院上月裁定，清洁空气是基本人权，命令中央政府和邦级当局采取行动。但批评者指出，邻近邦的敌对政客之间以及中央与地方当局的争执，加剧了这一问题。 中央政府的政客被指责不愿激怒选区中的关键人物，尤其是势力强大的农业团体。城市当局已推出多项治理污染的举措，但实际成效远低于预期。 第4篇 本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是几位科学家对控制气候变化的论述。 1. B 题型：推理判断题 根据文章第一段的“Several years ago, Jason Box, a scientist from Ohio, flew 31 giant rolls of white plastic to a glacier (冰川) in Greenland. He and his team spread them across 10, 000 feet of ice, then left. His idea was that the white blanket would reflect back the rays of the sun, keeping the ice cool below.(几年前，来自Ohio的科学家Jason Box将31卷巨大的白色塑料空运到了格陵兰鸟的一座冰川上。他和他的团队把它们铺在一万英尺的冰面上，然后离开。他的想法是，白色的塑料会反射太阳光，保持下面的冰凉爽)”以及第二段的“This experiment, quote­unquote, gives people false hope that climate change can be fixed without changing human behavior. It can't. Technology won't give us a free ride.(这个所谓的实验给了人们错误的希望，认为气候变化可以在不改变人类行为的情况下得到解决。它不能。科技不会让我们搭便车)”可知，第一段介绍了一个名叫Jason Box的科学家做了一个试验，尝试用白色塑料覆盖冰川，以达到保护冰川的目的。然而第二段提到这给了人们错误的希望，从而引出后文对人类干预气候的可行性的探讨，因此作者在第一段提到Jason Box的实验，是为了描述一种具有误导性的试图解决气候问题的尝试。故选B。 2. D 题型：推理判断题 根据文章第二段的“He told Grey Childs, author and commentator, that people think technology can save the planet, “but there are other things we need to deal with, like consumption. They burned $50, 000 just for the helicopter” to bring the plastic to the glacier. This experiment, quote­unquote, gives people false hope that climate change can be fixed without changing human behavior. It can't. Technology won't give us a free ride.(他告诉作家兼评论家Grey Childs，人们认为科技可以拯救星球，但是还有其他的事情需要我们处理，比如说消耗。他们花了5万美元买了一架“把塑料运到冰川”的直升机。这个实验给了人们错误的希望，认为气候变化可以在不改变人类行为的情况下得到解决。它不能。科技不会让我们搭便车)”可知，Ralph King认为我们还是需要通过自己的行为来拯救星球而不是一味的依靠科技，并且科技的成本也很昂贵，因此Ralph King认为技术并不是最终的解决方案，更不用说其高昂的成本了。故选D。 3. A 题型：推理判断题 根据文章第三段““Just the mention of us controlling the climate sent a small shiver down my back,” Grey writes. “Something sounded wrong about stopping ice ages by our own will,” he says.(格雷写道：“只要一提到我们控制气候，我就会打个寒颤。”他说：“凭我们自己的意志阻止冰河时代听起来有些不对。”)”可知，Grey Childs认为靠我们自己的意愿阻止结冰听起来是有些不对劲的，因此他对人类控制气候的态度是怀疑的，故选A。 4. C 题型：主旨大意题 文章第一段“Several years ago, Jason Box, a scientist from Ohio, flew 31 giant rolls of white plastic to a glacier (冰川) in Greenland. He and his team spread them across 10, 000 feet of ice, then left. His idea was that the white blanket would reflect back the rays of the sun, keeping the ice cool below.(几年前，来自Ohio的科学家Jason Box将31卷巨大的白色塑料空运到了格陵兰鸟的一座冰川上。他和他的团队把它们铺在一万英尺的冰面上，然后离开。他的想法是，白色的塑料会反射太阳光，保持下面的冰凉爽)”引出控制气候变化的极端例子，后文列举不同的科学家对于控制气候的观点，再根据文章最后一段“Me? I like it better when the earth takes care of itself, I guess one day we will have to run the place, but for the moment, sitting at my desk, looking out at the trees bending wildly and the wind howling, I’m happy not to be in charge. (我吗?我更喜欢地球自己照顾自己的时候，我想有一天我们将不得不管理这个地方，但此刻，坐在我的办公桌前，看着树木疯狂地弯曲，风咆哮着，我很高兴自己不再是负责人)”提出更喜欢地球自己照料自己，即反对人类控制气候，因此本文主要讲的是人类是否应该控制气候，因此C选项“But should we fix the climate? (但是我们应该解决气候问题吗？)”可概括本文主要内容，为文章标题，故选C。 全文翻译： 几年前，俄亥俄州科学家杰森・博克斯（Jason Box）将31卷巨大的白色塑料运至格陵兰岛的一座冰川。他和团队将塑料布铺在1万英尺的冰面上，随后离开。他的设想是，白色覆盖物会反射太阳光线，使下方冰层保持凉爽。当他返回查看结果时，发现这一方法奏效了：裸露的冰层比覆盖塑料的冰层融化更快——他在短时间内保住了两英尺厚的冰川。整个过程无需关停煤电厂，没有工作岗位流失，也无需征税或解雇任何人——这正是我们在寻找的解决方案。 “谢谢，但不必了。”气候科学家拉尔夫・金（Ralph King）说。他对作家兼评论员格雷・蔡尔兹（Grey Childs）表示，人们以为技术能拯救地球，“但我们还需要处理其他问题，比如消费。他们仅用直升机运输塑料就烧掉了5万美元”。这场所谓的实验“给了人们错误的希望，让他们以为不改变人类行为就能解决气候变化——但这不可能。技术不会让我们不劳而获。” 个体对气候变化的反应各不相同。气候学家凯利・史密斯（Kelly Smith）并非唯一预言不久后我们将不再是气候受害者、而会成为气候主宰者的人。越来越多科学家认同她的观点：如果人类存续下去，工程师会更聪慧，工具会更先进，终有一天我们将掌控气候。但那时又会如何？“一想到人类要掌控气候，我就不寒而栗，”格雷写道，“靠意志阻止冰河时代——这听起来就有问题。” 我呢？我更喜欢地球自我调节的状态。我猜总有一天人类要掌管这个星球，但此刻，坐在书桌前，望着窗外狂舞的树木与呼啸的风，我很高兴自己并非掌控者。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025-2026学年度高三英语总复习系列题型专项复习 「Unit 1 阅读理解题型训练」 「Section G 人与自然 相关题型训练-训练3」 经典题目精读 把握最佳练习 第一次阅读：完成题目，按照考试节奏 2024年新高考Ⅱ卷 英语高考真题 We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens. Specifically, it’s a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started. Moreover, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions (排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment. BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. 1. What can be learned about BMF from paragraph 1? A．It guarantees the variety of food. B．It requires day-to-day care. C．It cuts the farm-to-table distance. D．It relies on farmer’s markets. 2. What information does the convenient app offer? A．Real-time weather changes. B．Current condition of the plants. C．Chemical pollutants in the soil. D．Availability of pre-seeded pods. 3. What can be concluded about BMF employees? A．They have a great passion for sports. B．They are devoted to community service. C．They are fond of sharing daily experiences. D．They have a strong environmental awareness. 4. What does the text mainly talk about? A．BMF’s major strengths. B．BMF’s general management. C．BMF’s global influence. D．BMF’s technical standards. 第二次阅读：识记单词，掌握英语基础 1. innovative adj. 创新的 例句：The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens. 翻译：这种创新设计几乎无需费力就能每周稳定供应新鲜蔬菜。 2. reliable adj. 可靠的 例句：The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens. 翻译：这种创新设计几乎无需费力就能每周稳定供应新鲜蔬菜。 3. specifically adv. 具体地 例句：Specifically, it’s a farm that relies on new technology. 翻译：具体来说，这是一个依赖新技术的农场。 4. remotely adv. 远程地 例句：By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. 翻译：通过云连接，BMF 被远程监控。 5. automated adj. 自动化的 例句：Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. 翻译：由于系统是自动化的，它大幅减少了种植植物所需的水量。 6. significantly adv. 显著地 例句：Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. 翻译：由于系统是自动化的，它大幅减少了种植植物所需的水量。 7. emissions n. 排放 例句：Having a system in the same building means zero emissions from transporting plants. 翻译：在同一栋建筑内设置系统意味着植物运输过程中零排放。 8. pesticides n. 杀虫剂 例句：There’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms. 翻译：无需使用污染传统农场的杀虫剂和其他化学物质。 9. sustainability n. 可持续性 例句：BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. 翻译：BMF 的员工在日常生活中践行可持续发展理念。 10. passionate adj. 热情的 例句："We are passionate about reducing waste in our environment," said an employee. 翻译：一位员工说："我们热衷于减少环境中的废弃物。" 11. monitor v. 监控 例句：By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. 翻译：通过云连接，BMF 被远程监控。 12. pod n. 容器 例句：Users replace plants with a new pre-seeded pod to start the next cycle. 翻译：用户用新的预播种容器替换植物，以开启下一个生长周期。 13. cycle n. 周期 例句：Users replace plants with a new pre-seeded pod to start the next cycle. 翻译：用户用新的预播种容器替换植物，以开启下一个生长周期。 14. convenient adj. 便捷的 例句：There is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. 翻译：有一个便捷的应用程序可实时提供种植数据。 15. automate v. 使自动化 例句：Because the system is automated, it reduces water usage significantly. 翻译：由于系统实现自动化，其大幅降低了用水量。 第三次阅读：精读文章，寻觅佳句好句 一、语法结构典范句（附语法分析 + 翻译） 1. 目的状语从句 + 定语从句 The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens that are difficult to obtain through traditional farming. 这种创新设计几乎无需费力就能每周稳定供应新鲜蔬菜，而这些蔬菜通过传统 farming 难以获得。 语法分析 （1）主干结构：The innovative design requires little effort. （2）修饰成分： “to achieve a reliable weekly supply” 为不定式短语作目的状语，说明设计的功能； “that are difficult to obtain...” 为定语从句，修饰先行词 “fresh greens”，关系代词 that 在从句中作主语； 介词短语 “through traditional farming” 作方式状语，对比技术差异。 2. 原因状语从句 + 被动语态 Because the system is automated, it is remotely monitored through the Cloud, and a convenient app provides growing data in real time. 语法分析 （1）主干结构：It is remotely monitored, and an app provides data.（并列句） （2）复杂修饰： “Because the system is automated” 为原因状语从句，解释自动化与监控的因果关系； 前半句使用被动语态 “is remotely monitored”，强调系统的被管理状态； 后半句 “in real time” 为时间状语，强化数据的即时性。 3. 应用文好句积累与背诵（适用于环保型等题材） “By reducing water use and eliminating transport emissions, indoor farming systems like BMF prove that technology can balance human needs with environmental protection.” “通过减少用水和消除运输排放，像 BMF 这样的室内农业系统证明，技术能平衡人类需求与环境保护。” 用于 “科技与环保” 主题，如：“As BMF shows, innovations that cut water use by 90% while providing fresh produce prove technology is not the enemy of nature but its ally.”（“如 BMF 所示，减少 90% 用水量同时供应新鲜农产品的创新证明，技术并非自然的敌人，而是盟友”）； 倡议书呼吁结尾段引用：“Let’s embrace such solutions: technology plus sustainability equals a greener future.” 4. 应用文好句积累与背诵（适用于环保型等题材） BMF employees live out sustainability by walking to work and limiting single-use plastic, setting an example for how businesses can integrate eco-habits into daily operations. BMF 员工通过步行上班和限制一次性塑料践行可持续发展，为企业如何将生态习惯融入日常运营树立了榜样。 推动校园环保的场景，如：“Inspired by BMF, the student council organized a ‘green commute day’ and reduced campus plastic, proving small actions can spark big change.”（“受 BMF 启发，学生会组织‘绿色通勤日’并减少校园塑料，证明小事能引发大变革”）； 给企业的环保建议：“Implementing BMF’s model—from sustainable commuting to waste reduction—can enhance both company image and environmental impact.” 语法句仿写可套用 “to achieve...that...” 目的状语 + 定语从句结构，或 “Because...+ 被动语态” 的因果逻辑； 第四次阅读：短文填词，检验语法情况 We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and 1. ___________ (cover) hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are 2. ___________ solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. 3. ___________ (addition), it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens. Specifically, it’s a farm that 4. ___________ (rely) on new technology. By connecting 5. ___________ the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water 6. ___________ (need) to grow plants. Rather than 7. ___________ (water) rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started. Moreover, having a system in the same building 8. ___________ it’s eaten means zero emissions (排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the 9. ___________ (surround)environment. BMF employees live out 10. ___________ (sustain) in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. 相同主题重现 体会主题奥秘 1. 2025年江西赣州模拟 Air pollution remains a global health crisis, responsible for 4.7 million early deaths worldwide in 2021 — about the same as road-traffic accidents, malaria and suicides combined. While road traffic significantly contributes to this problem, the shift to electric vehicles (EVs) presents both promise and challenges that deserve careful examination. Unlike conventional cars, EVs produce no direct exhaust emissions, making them crucial for urban air quality improvement. However, they still generate substantial non-exhaust pollutants from brake, tire and road wear. These micro particles, particularly those smaller than 2.5 microns (微米), pose serious health risks by getting into the lungs and other organs via the bloodstream, potentially causing heart or lung disease, stroke, and cancer. One 2021 study by researchers at the University of Southampton found some brake-pad dust seems more damaging to lung cells, partly due to higher levels of copper, which can damage cells and DNA．Scientists estimate that EVs produce more of these non-exhaust particles than other cars because their batteries make them heavier, the weight averaging 2,133 kg, compared to 1,500-1,800 kg for conventional vehicles, causing them to generate more friction. Despite this, EVs are still mostly less polluting than other cars. They maintain an environmental advantage partly through regenerative braking systems where when the driver removes their foot from the pedal, the continued forward motion of the car is harvested to recharge the battery, thereby slowing the car down. Comparative studies show EVs emit about 14 mg/km of fine particles versus 18 mg/km for petrol when accounting for all sources. To maximize EV benefits, several strategies are essential. One way is to regulate non-exhaust emissions in a similar way to exhaust. Encouraging people to consider smaller cars, though difficult, would be another, as bigger sizes often mean larger and heavier batteries and the extra range provided by largest batteries may never be needed. Plus, the electricity powering EVs must come from renewable sources to avoid simply relocating pollution to power plants. 1. What is the main purpose of this passage? A．To promote the adoption of EVs. B．To weigh the pros and cons of EVs. C．To generate debate on vehicle emissions. D．To compare two types of vehicle pollution. 2. Where do the pollutants of EVs mostly come from? A．Exhaust emission. B．Safety system. C．Tire-road friction. D．Battery recharging. 3. Which best explains “regenerative” in Paragraph 4? A．Safety-ensuring. B．Energy-recycling. C．Power-consuming. D．Battery-demanding. 4. What can be inferred about oversized EVs? A．They may create unnecessary pollution. B．They are crucial to regulating emissions. C．They are powered with renewable sources. D．They demonstrate technological superiority. 2. 2025年陕西西安模拟 Artificial intelligence — or AI — is the computer code that allows a machine to do something that normally requires a human brain. On TikTok, for instance, AI sorts the posts so that the first ones you see are likely to be those you’d prefer. But before an AI can do any of that, developers must train it. While a small percentage of AI systems are trained using low-emission sources such as solar, hydro, or nuclear power, the overwhelming majority still depend on the conventional energy mix supplied by national grids. In many parts of the world, that energy mix leads to significant carbon emissions, prompting growing concerns over the environmental footprint of energy-hungry AI models. Language-processing AI systems develop their abilities by devouring large collections of written content, which may include everything from online articles to digitized books in multiple languages. Training them takes extended time and constant system activity, often depending on powerful machines running without interruption. To translate between English and Chinese, for example, an AI model may deal with millions or even billions of translated books and articles. In this way, it learns which words and phrases match. Later, when given a new text, it recommends its own translation. To compare how different activities affect the climate, researchers often combine the impacts of all greenhouse gases into what they call CO2 equivalents. In 2019, researchers calculated the impact of developing an AI model named Transformer. It released a whopping 626, 000 pounds of carbon dioxide equivalents. That’s equal to the greenhouse gases that would be poured by five American cars from when they were made to when they were junked. Today, most AI development happens at data centers. These computer-filled buildings account for some 2 percent US electricity use and 1 percent of global energy use. As AI models grow larger and more computationally demanding, these figures are expected to rise. Some experts have sounded the alarm, warning that the unchecked energy appetite of such systems may soon pose a significant threat to global sustainability efforts. With rising energy demands, AI’s expansion signals more than just innovation — where it leads remains uncertain. 1. What is AI training mainly energized by? A．Fossil fuels. B．Clean resources. C．Nuclear energy. D．Greenhouse gases. 2. What do we know about the language-processing AI systems? A．They skip digitalized materials. B．They are domain-specific. C．They may outperform human translators. D．They are energy-intensive. 3. Why does the author mention Transformer in paragraph 4? A．To suggest AI emissions match those from big polluters. B．To explain how AI handles language in training sessions. C．To show AI is possibly outpacing traditional industries. D．To stress the environmental cost of AI development. 4. What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A．AI’s expansion may overwhelm data center systems. B．The energy footprint of AI deserves close attention. C．AI’s development raises social and moral concerns. D．Cutting AI-related emissions calls for public efforts. 3. 2025年四川成都模拟 Residents of India’s capital New Delhi choked in a poisonous smog Wednesday as worsening air pollution surged past 50 times the World Health Organization’s recommended daily maximum. Many in the city cannot afford air filters (净化器) nor do they have homes where they can effectively seal from the misery of foul smelling air. Cooler temperatures and slow-moving winds trap deadly pollutants each winter, stretching from mid-October until at least January. At dawn on Wednesday, hazardous pollutant levels in parts of the urban area of more than 30 million people topped 806 micrograms per cubic meter, according to monitoring firm IQAir. That is more than 53 times the World Health Organization recommended daily maximum of dangerous cancer-causing microparticles known as PM2.5 pollutants that enter the bloodstream through the lungs. By midday, when air usually is at its best, it eased to about 25-35 times above danger levels, depending on different districts. The city is blanketed in acrid smog each year, primarily blamed on stubble (秸秆) burning by farmers in neighboring regions to clear their fields for ploughing, as well as factories and traffic emissions. But a report by The New York Times this month, based on air and soil samples it collected over five years, revealed the dangerous smoke and gases released from power plants burning the city’s landfill garbage mountains also gave rise to the smog. The India Meteorological Department said that at least 18 regional airports had a visibility lower than 1,000 meters—even dropping below 500 meters in Delhi. India’s Supreme Court last month ruled that clean air was a fundamental human right, ordering both the central government and state-level authorities to take action. But critics say arguments between rival politicians heading neighboring states—as well as between central and local authorities—have compounded the problem. Politicians from the central government are accused of not wanting to anger key figures in their constituencies (选区), particularly powerful farming groups. City authorities have launched several initiatives to tackle pollution, which have achieved far less than expected in practice. 1. Which of the following contributes to the severe smog in New Delhi? A．New Delhi Residents’ limited access to air filters. B．Low temperature and unfavorable air conditions. C．Intentional burning of stubble by both farmers and factories. D．Poisonous smoke and gases released from landfill garbage mountains. 2. What does the underlined phrase in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Give rise to. B．Bring an end to. C．Shelter from. D．Fight against. 3. What can be inferred from the passage? A．The central government and local authorities seek to cooperate and address the issue. B．Statistics show the air quality of the India capital is at its best in the morning. C．New Delhi has the poorest visibility across the country on that particular day. D．Politicians from central government are reluctant to upset influential individuals. 4. What is a suitable title of the passage? A．India’s capital chokes on toxic smog B．India struggles to breathe free C．Severe smog poisons India D．Who is to blame for the smog in New Delhi? 4. 2025年江苏无锡模拟 Several years ago, Jason Box, a scientist from Ohio, flew 31 giant rolls of white plastic to a glacier (冰川) in Greenland. He and his team spread them across 10, 000 feet of ice, then left. His idea was that the white blanket would reflect back the rays of the sun, keeping the ice cool below. When he came back to check the results, he found it worked. Exposed ice had melted faster than covered ice. He had not only saved two feet of glacier in a short time. No coal plants were shut down, no jobs were lost, and nobody was taxed or fired. Just the sort of fix we’re looking for. “Thank you, but no thank you,” says Ralph King, a climate scientist. He told Grey Childs, author and commentator, that people think technology can save the planet, “but there are other things we need to deal with, like consumption. They burned $50, 000 just for the helicopter” to bring the plastic to the glacier. This experiment, quote­unquote, gives people false hope that climate change can be fixed without changing human behavior. It can’t. Technology won’t give us a free ride. Individuals respond to climate change differently. Climatologist Kelly Smith is hardly alone in her prediction that someday soon we won’t be climate victims, we will be climate choosers. More scientists agree with her that if the human race survives, the engineers will get smarter, the tools will get better, and one day we will control the climate. But what then? “Just the mention of us controlling the climate sent a small shiver down my back,” Grey writes. “Something sounded wrong about stopping ice ages by our own will,” he says. Me? I like it better when the earth takes care of itself. I guess one day we will have to run the place, but for the moment, sitting at my desk, looking out at the trees bending wildly and the wind howling, I’m happy not to be in charge. 1. Why does the author mention Jason Box’s experiment in the first paragraph? A．To report on a successful experiment on saving the glacier. B．To describe a misleading attempt to fix the climate. C．To introduce a possible solution to climate change. D．To arouse people’s attention to the problem of global warming. 2. Which statement would Ralph King most probably agree with? A．The fight against climate change will not succeed. B．Jason’s experiment plays a significant role in fixing climate change. C．It’s best to deal with climate change without changing our behavior. D．Technology is not the final solution, let alone its high cost. 3. What is Grey Childs’s attitude to human’s controlling the climate? A．Doubtful. B．Tolerant. C．Favorable. D．Unclear. 4. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．How can we take care of the earth? B．Is climate change a real problem? C．But should we fix the climate? D．What if all the glaciers disappeared? 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$