Unit 1 Science Fiction 一轮复习检测-2026届高三英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册

XB4U1 知识总复习 I. 单词 1. n.小说;虚构的事 28. n.无行动;不采取措施 2. n.意外收获:奖金;红利 29. n.劳动(者)v.奋斗 3. adj.愚蠢的:荒谬的;荒唐的 30. n.皮革 4. n.诚实正直;完整;完好 31. n.控制板;专家咨询组 5. n.庄重;庄严:尊严 32. n.英寸 6. n.薪水;薪金 33. adv.向后;倒着;往回 7. adj.荒谬的;荒唐的 34. v.紧握;抓紧 8. n.预约;约会;委任 35. adj.模糊的;朦胧的 9. n.女售货员;女推销员 36. v. (去)拿来; (去)请来 10. adj.内疚的;有罪的:有过失的 37. n.速度;步伐 11. vt.悬;挂;暂停:暂缓 38. n.分开;分隔;差异 12. n.梯子;阶梯 39. n.欲望;冲动v.催促 13. v.让(某人)离开;解散;解雇 40. adj.随机的;不可思议的 14. vt.表明;宜称;公布 41. adj.最大极限的 15. conj.然而;但是;尽管 42. vi. &vt.爆炸;爆破 16. n.谣言;传闻 43. n.&v.震动;摇晃;颠簸 17. vt. &vi.假设:假定 44. v.(使)快速翻转 18. n.车费;船费;飞机票价 45. v.使震惊，使昏迷 19. adj.每周的n.周刊 46. n.泥;泥浆 20. v.计算;核算;预测 47. n.夸大:奇张 21. n.女主席;女董事长;女委员长 48. nail 22. n.面粉; ( 谷物磨成的)粉 49. gramme 23. n.活动场地(如音乐厅、会场等) 50. lever 24. n.售货员;推销员 51. niece 25. n.外星人(生物);外国人 52. handkerchief 26. adj.模糊不清的:难以区分的 53. lamp 27. adj.更好的;占优势的 54. puff II. 短语/词块 1. 科幻小说/影片 11. 比…更好; 更胜一筹 2. 年终奖 12. 与...有冲突 3. ...是愚蠢的/荒谬的/荒唐的 13. 关掉; 结果是 4. 有尊严地 14. 有强烈的欲望做某事 5. 和…约会 (办事情等) 15. 惊叹于…… 6. 任命某人为 16. 检验；测试 7. 委派某人做某事 17. 更像是A而不是B 8. 对……感到愧疚 18. 声明表示支持/反对 9. 因...而解雇某人 19. 根据;以…的方式(基准) 10. 事物的利与弊 20. (逐渐)减少;消失 III. 单词变形 1. appointment n．预约；约会；委任→___________v．任命；委任；安排 2. guilty adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的→___________n．内疚；悔恨；犯罪；罪行；有罪 3. suspend vt.悬；挂；暂停；暂缓→___________n．悬念 4. declare vt.表明；宣称；公布→___________n．公告；宣言；声明 5. weekly adj.每周的 n．周刊→___________n．星期 6. calculate vt.计算；核算；预测→___________n．计算 7. blurred adj.模糊不清的；难以区分的→___________v．变得模糊不清；(使)视线模糊，(使)看不清 8. hazy adj.模糊的；朦胧的；困惑的→___________n．薄雾 9. division n．分开；分隔；差异；除(法)→___________v．(使)分开，分散，分割，分成；分配 10. urge n．强烈的欲望；冲动vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐→___________adj.迫切的，紧急的 11. explode vi.& vt.爆炸；爆破→___________n．爆炸 12. mud n．泥；泥浆→___________adj.泥泞的 IV. 单句填空 1. I have always regarded him as a man of __________. 我一直认为他正直诚实。 2. It's difficult to preserve your __________ when you have no job and no home. 一个无家无业的人难以保持自己的尊严。 3. It is __________ to suggest we are having a romance. 暗示我们正在谈恋爱的说法真是太荒谬了。 4. He gets a basic __________ plus commission. 他领取基本薪金，外加佣金。 5. That's __________. 那非常荒谬。 6. She __________ __________ __________ for her son to see the doctor. 她为儿子约定了看医生的时间。 7. He __________ that he was in love with her. 他声称他已爱上她。 8. I heard a __________ that they are getting married. 我听到传闻，说他们要结婚了。 9. I __________ __________ __________ not visiting my parents more often. 我因没有常去看望父母而感到内疚。 10. A lamp was __________ from the ceiling. 一盏吊灯悬在天花板上。 11. Production has been __________ while safety checks are carried out. 在进行安全检查期间生产暂停。 12. The current __________ of labor between workers and management will alter. 当前工人与管理部门的分工将会改变。 13. I think we can safely __________ their objections. 我认为我们对他们的异议完全可以不予理会。 14. I __________ (that) he understood the rules. 我相信他已经明白这些规则。 15. They __________ __________ __________ the view from the summit. 在峰顶看到的景色使他们惊叹不已。 16. It is not an __________ to say a crisis is imminent. 说危机当头绝非危言耸听。 17. We must __________ innocence until we have proof of guilt. 在证实一个人有罪之前，我们必须假定其无辜。 18. __________ __________ __________ that at least 47 000 jobs were lost last year. 据估算，去年至少丧失了 47 000 个工作。 19. She suffered from dizziness and __________ vision. 她饱受头晕目眩之苦。 20. This model is technically __________ __________ its competitors. 这一款式在技术上超过了与之竞争的产品。 21. He is bitter about the __________ of the other political parties. 对其他政党的无作为他多有挖苦。 22. The price will include the __________ and materials. 此价格中包含人工费和材料费。 23. The information is processed in a __________ order. 信息是按随机顺序处理的。 24. The inhabitants have to walk a mile to __________ water. 居民得走一英里路去取水。 25. The runners have noticeably quickened their __________. 赛跑者明显加快了脚步。 26. I had a sudden __________ to hit him. 我突然很想揍他一顿。 27. Bombs were __________ all around the city. 城里到处都响起炸弹的爆炸声。 III. 课文填空 SATISFACTION GUARANTEED Larry Belmont worked for a company that made robots. Recently it had begun experimenting with 1.___________________(家用机器人). It was going to 2.___________________(被检验/被测试) by Larrys wife, Claire. Claire didn't want the robot in her house, especially as her husband would be away 3.____________________(出差) for three weeks, but Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldn't harm her or allow her to be harmed. It would be a bonus. However when she first saw the robot, she felt alarmed. His name was Tony. He seemed 4._______________________(更像人而不是机器). He was tall and handsome with smooth hair and a deep voice, although his 5.________________(面部表情) never changed. On the second morning, Tony brought her breakfast and then asked her whether she needed help dressing. She 6.____________________(感到尴尬) and quickly told him to go. Now she was being looked after by a robot that looked so human, and it was disturbing. One day, Claire mentioned that she didn't think she was clever. Tony said that she must feel very unhappy to say that Claire thought 7._____________________(……很荒唐) she was being offered sympathy by a robot, but she gradually admired his wisdom and integrity and began to trust him. He always 8._____________________(尊重她/带着尊重对待她). She told him how she was unhappy that her home wasn't elegant enough for Larry, who wanted to improve his 9.______________(社会地位) with a bigger salary. She wasn't like Gladys Claffern, one of the richest and most powerful women around. As a favour, Tony 10.___________________(承诺做某事) help Claire make herself more beautiful and her home more elegant. So Claire borrowed some library books for him to read, or rather, scan. She looked at his fingers with wonder as they turned each page. How absurd, she thought. He was just a machine. Tony gave Claire a new hairstyle and improved her makeup. As he was not allowed to 11._________________(陪伴她) to the shops, he wrote out a list of things that he would need for his work on the house. Claire went downtown and bought these things. She 12._______________(预约了) to paint her nails, then she went into an expensive clothes shop. The saleswoman there 13.___________________(对……很粗鲁/不礼貌) her, so she rang Tony and told him she was being treated badly. He spoke to the woman, who immediately changed her attitude. Claire thanked Tony, telling him that he was a “dear”, As she turned around, there stood Gladys Claffern. How awful to be discovered by her, Claire thought. By the look on her face, Claire knew that Gladys thought they were in a relationship. After all, she knew Claires husband's name was Larry, not Tony. Although it was completely innocent, Claire 14.______________(感到内疚). When Claire got home, she wept. Gladys was everything Claire wished to be. Tony told her she was being sensitive and was just as good as Cladys. He suggested that she invite Gladys and her friends to the house the night before he was to leave and Larry was to return. By that time, Tony expected that the house, which was being completely transformed, would be ready. Tony worked steadily on the improvements. Claire tried to help by working on a light 15._______________________(悬挂在天花板上), but she fell off the ladder. Even though Tony had been in the next room he managed to catch her in time. As he held her. she felt the warmth of his body. She screamed, pushed him away, and ran to her room. The night of the party arrived. The clock struck eight. The guests would be arriving soon, so Claire 16.___________(让……离开) Tony for the rest of the night. At that moment, Tony took her in his arms, bringing his face close to hers. She heard him declare that he did not want to leave her the next day, and that he felt more than just the desire to please her. Then the front door bell rang. 佳句背诵 1. He was tall and handsome with smooth hair and a deep voice, although his facial expression never changed.托尼高大英俊,头发顺滑,嗓音低沉,不过他的面部表情始终不变。 2. The clock struck eight.时钟敲了八下/八点了。 IV. 话题语篇泛读 We are not used to the idea of machines making ethical decisions, but the day when they will routinely do this - by themselves - is fast approaching. So how, asks the BBC’s David Edmonds, will we teach them to do the right thing? The car arrives at your home bang on schedule at 8am to take you to work. You climb into the back seat and remove your electronic reading device from your briefcase to scan the news. There has never been trouble on the journey before: there’s usually little congestion. But today something unusual and terrible occurs: two children, wrestling playfully on a grassy bank, roll on to the road in front of you. There’s no time to brake. But if the car skidded to the left it would hit an oncoming motorbike. Neither outcome is good, but which is least bad? The year is 2027, and there’s something else you should know. The car has no driver. In the future there may be a few occasions when the driverless car does have to make a choice - which way to swerve, who to harm, or who to risk harming? What kind of ethics should we programme into the car? Then there’s the thorny matter of who’s going to make these ethical decisions. Will the government decide how cars make choices? Or the manufacturer? Or will it be you, the consumer? Will you be able to walk into a showroom and select the car’s ethics as you would its colour? One big advantage of robots is that they will behave consistently. They will operate in the same way in similar situations. The autonomous weapon won’t make bad choices because it is angry. The autonomous car won’t get drunk, or tired, it won’t shout at the kids on the back seat. Around the world, more than a million people are killed in car accidents each year - most by human error. Reducing those numbers is a big prize. Crash into two kids, or veer in front of an oncoming motorbike? Dr Amy Rimmer said: "I don’t have to answer that question to pass a driving test, and I’m allowed to drive. So why would we dictate that the car has to have an answer to these unlikely scenarios?" Ultimately, though, we’d better hope that our machines can be ethically programmed - because, like it or not, in the future more and more decisions that are currently taken by humans will be delegated to robots. There are certainly reasons to worry. We may not fully understand why a robot has made a particular decision. And we need to ensure that the robot does not absorb and compound our prejudices. But there’s also a potential upside. The robot may turn out to be better at some ethical decisions than we are. It may even make us better people. 我们过去不经常考虑机器做出道德决策的事情，但是他们自己拥有这样能力的日子正在快速靠近。那么，BBC的大卫·埃德蒙兹(David Edmonds)问，我们能教会他们做正确的事情吗? 一辆车在早上8点准时到达你家接你去上班。你坐到后座，把你的电子阅读设备从公文包里拿出来开始浏览新闻。以前从未有过这样麻烦的经历，通常很少有交通堵塞。但今天发生了一些不寻常的可怕事情:两个孩子在一块草地上闹着玩，滚到了你前面的马路上。此时来不及刹车。但如果汽车拐到左边，就会撞上迎面而来的摩托车。 两种结果都不好，但哪一种带来的伤害最小呢? 今年是2027年，并且你还应该知道一件事情，这辆车没有司机。 在未来，可能会出现一些无人驾驶汽车需要做出选择的场合——选哪条路，谁会受到伤害，或是谁会处于受伤害的风险里?我们应该对汽车进行什么样的道德规范? 还有一个棘手的问题是谁将做出这些道德决定。政府会决定汽车的选择吗?还是制造商?还是作为消费者的你?你能走进一个陈列室，选择这辆车所配备的道德标准，就像选择它的颜色一样吗? 机器人的一大优点是它们的行为会始终如一。在类似的情况下，他们也会以同样的方式操作。自动化机器不会因为愤怒而做出错误的选择。自动驾驶汽车不会喝醉，也不会疲劳，它不会对后座上的孩子大喊大叫。在世界各地，每年有一百多万人死于车祸，大多数是人为失误造成。减少这个数字是一个很大的回馈。 撞到两个孩子，还是转向一辆迎面而来的摩托车? Amy Rimmer博士说:“我不需要回答这个问题来通过驾驶考试，我照样可以开车。那么为什么我们要规定汽车必须对这些看似不可能的场景有一个答案呢?” 最终，我们最好希望我们的机器能够被伦理化——因为，不管你喜欢与否，如今人类需要做的决定未来将越来越多的被委派给机器人。 人们当然有理由担心。我们也许将不能完全理解为什么机器人做出了某个特别的决定。我们需要确保机器人不会吸收和加重我们的偏颇之处。但也有一个潜在可能性的优势。机器人可能比我们更擅长一些道德决策。它甚至可以使我们成为更好的人。 答案 I. 单词 1. 2. fiction 3. bonus 4. ridiculous 5. integrity 6. dignity 7. salary 8. absurd 9. appointment 10. saleswoman 11. guilty 12. suspend 13. ladder 14. dismiss 15. declare 16. whereas 17. rumour 18. presume 19. fare 20. weekly 21. calculate 22. chairwoman 23. flour 24. venue 25. salesman 26. alien 27. blurred 28. superior 29. inaction 30. labour 31. leather 32. panel 33. inch 34. backwards 35. grip 36. hazy 37. fetch 38. pace 39. division 40. urge 41. random 42. maximum 43. explode 44. jolt 45. flip 46. stun 47. mud 48. overstatement 49. n.指甲;趾甲;钉子 50. n.克(重量单位) 51. n.操纵杆;杠杆 52. n.侄女:外甥女 53. n.手帕;纸巾 54. n.灯;台灯 55. n.一缕;少量;喘息 II. 短语 1. 2. science fiction 3. year-end bonus 4. It is ridiculous that ... 5. with dignity 6. have an appointment with… 7. appoint sb to be/as 8. appoint sb to do sth. 9. feel guilty about sth. 10. dismiss sb for 11. pros and cons 12. (be) superior to... 13. in conflict with 14. turn out 15. have an urge to do sth 16. be stunned by 17. test out 18. be more like A than B 19. declare for/against 20. on a ... basis 21. fall away III. 单词变形 1. 2. appoint 3. guilt 4. suspense 5. declaration 6. week 7. calculation 8. blur 9. haze 10. divide 11. urgent 12. explosion 13. muddy   IV. 单句填空 1. integrity 2. dignity 3. ridiculous 4. salary 5. absurd 6. made an appointment 7. declared 8. rumour 9. felt guilty about 10. suspended 11. suspended 12. division 13. dismiss 14. presumed 15. were stunned by 16. overstatement 17. presume 18. It is calculated 19. blurred 20. superior to 21. inaction 22. labour 23. random 24. fetch 25. pace 26. urge 27. exploding V. 课文填空 1. 2. a household robot 3. be tested out 4. on a business trip 5. more like a human than a machine 6. facial expression 7. felt embarrassed 8. it was ridiculous that 9. treated her with dignity 10. social position 11. promised to 12. accompany her 13. had an appointment 14. was rude to 15. felt guilty 16. suspended from the ceiling 17. dismissed 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$