Unit 3 Environmental Protection知识一轮总复习练习-2025届高考英语人教版选择性必修第三册

XB3U3 知识总复习 I. 单词 1. n.图;图表;曲线图 29. adj.适度的;中等的v.缓和 2. n.排放物;散发物;排放 30. v.提交;呈递;屈服 3. v.(使)融化;熔化;软化 31. adj每年的; n.年刊;年鉴 4. v.(使)挨饿;饿死 32. adj.热带的;来自热带的 5. n.生态;生态学 33. n.混乱;杂乱;紊乱 6. v.&n.排放;释放;发布 34. adj.原子能的;核能的;原子核的 7. n.碳 35. adj.敏感的;善解人意的;灵敏的 8. n.二氧化物 36. n.(热带)丛林;密林 9. adj.适合居住的 37. n.烟雾 10. v.维持;承受住 38. v.起源;发源;创立 11. adj.可持续的:合理利用的 39. n.量;体积;卷 12. n.化石 40. n.垃圾;废物 13. n.燃料;刺激性言行 41. n.公司;企业;事业 14. adj.全部的;所有的;详尽的 42. v.恢复;使复原;修复 15. adv.遍及全球地adj.世界各地的 43. n.对(环境、文物等)保护;保持 16. n.趋势;趋向;动向 44. n.一打;十二个 17. adv.频繁地;经常 45. n.章程;规章制度 18. v.播送;广播n.广播节目 46. n.去掉;清除;处理 19. n.政策;方针;原则 47. n.检查;查看;视察 20. n.足迹; 面积 48. v.对....处以罚款 21. v.限制;限定;束缚 49. n.运动;战役v.参加运动 22. n.限制规定;约束 50. v.忍受;包容;容许 23. v.抓住;夺取;控制 51. n.议程表;议事日程 24. n.流域;盆地;盆 52. seal 25. v.吃 & v.改革;改造n.改革 53. methane 26. v.经历;经受(变化、不快等) 54. penguin 27. v.使生效;贯彻;执行 55. waterway 28. adj和谐的 II. 短语/词块 1. 饿死 13. 抓住机会 2. 渴望；急需 14. 经受考验/接受手术 3. 从……释放 15. 与……协调；与……相配 4. 可持续发展 16. 向某人提交某物 5. 现场直播 17. 顺从、屈服某人/某物 6. 制定（有关某事）的政策 18. 代表(代替)某人 7. 跟随某人的足迹 19. 许多;很多 8. 二氧化碳 20. 规章制度 9. 化石燃料(如煤或石油) 21. 任某人处理/ 自行支配 10. 往往会做某事 22. 发起支持/反对...的运动 11. 把……限制在…… 23. 容忍(某人)做某事 12. 不受限制地 III. 单词变形 1. starve vi.&vt.(使)挨饿；饿死→___________n．饥饿；挨饿；饿死 2．sustain vt.维持；遭受；承受住→___________adj.持续的；持久的→___________adj.可持续的；合理利用的 3．frequent adj.经常的；频繁的→___________adv.频繁地；经常→___________n．频繁 4．restrict vt.限制；限定；束缚→___________n．限制规定；限制法规；约束→___________adj.受限制的；保密的→___________adj.限制性的；约束的 5．harmony n．融洽；和谐；协调→___________adj.和谐的 6．submit vt.&vi.提交；呈递；屈服→___________n．提交；呈递；屈服→___________adj.顺从的 7．annual adj.每年的；一年的n.年刊；年鉴→___________adv.每年；一年一次地 8．sense n．感觉；理解力→___________adj.明智的；合理的→___________adj.无意义的；失去知觉的→___________adj.敏感的；善解人意的；灵敏的→___________adv.神经过敏地 9．conserve vt.保护→___________n．对(环境、文物等)保护；保持→___________adj.保守的→___________adv.保守地 10．inspect vt.检查；视察→___________n．检查；查看；视察→___________n．检查员；视察员 11．tolerate vt.忍受；包容；容许→___________n．容忍；宽容→___________adj.可容忍的→___________adj.容忍的；宽容的→___________adv.容忍地 IV. 单句填空 1. The animals were left to _________ to death. 那些动物只能等着饿死。 2. The snow showed no sign of _________. 雪没有一点融化的迹象。 3. the _________ of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere 二氧化碳向大气层的排放 4. The house should be _________ by the new year. 房子到新年时应该就可以住进去了。 5. Which planets can _________ life? 哪些行星可以维持生命的存在？ 6. The company _________ losses of millions of dollars. 公司遭受了数以百万元计的巨大损失。 7. The _________ of gases such as carbon dioxide should be stabilised at their present level. 二氧化碳等气体的排放应该稳定在当前水平。 8. The Rough Guide to Nepal is a _____________ guide to the region. 《尼泊尔概况》是一本全面介绍该地区的旅游指南。 9. There is a growing _________ towards earlier retirement. 提早退休者有增加的趋势。 10. We _________ the number of students per class _________ 10. 我们将每个班的学生人数限定为 10 人。 11. The government has agreed to _________ _________ _________ press freedom. 政府已经同意撤销对新闻自由的限制。 12. Buses run _________ between the city and the airport. 公共汽车频繁地来往于市区与机场之间。 13. The story has attracted _________ attention. 这件事已经引起了全世界的关注。 14. The concert will be _________ _________ tomorrow evening. 明晚的音乐会将现场直播。 15. The company has adopted a firm _________ on shoplifting. 那家公司对店内行窃采取了严厉的措施。 16. The law needs to _________ _________. 法律需要进行改革。 17. Some children _________ a complete transformation when they become teenagers. 一些儿童进入少年期会完全变了另一个人。 18. The government promised to _________ a new system to control financial loan institutions. 政府许诺实施新的制度来控制金融贷款机构。 19. They worked very ______________ together. 他们合作得十分融洽。 20. We must try to live in peace and _________ _________ ourselves and those around us. 我们必须努力和我们自己及周围的人和睦相处。 21. He _________ _________ _________ curiosity. 他好奇心顿起。 22. He _________ her by the arm. 他抓住她的胳膊。 23. The government now hopes to _________ the initiative on education. 如今政府希望抓住教育上的主动权。 24. He was an easygoing man of very _________ views. 他的观点非常温和，容易相处。 25. Completed projects must _________ _________ by 10 March. 完成的方案必须在 3 月 10 日前提交。 26. In its _________ report, UNICEF says at least 40,000 children die every day. 在其年度报告中，联合国儿童基金会称每天至少有4万名儿童死亡。 27. She is very _________ _________ other people's feelings. 她很能体谅他人的感情。 28. The next item _________ _________ _________ is the publicity budget. 议程表上的下一项是宣传预算。 29. The disease is thought to have _________ _________ the tropics. 这种疾病据说起源于热带地区。 30. The measures are intended to _________ public confidence in the economy. 这些举措旨在恢复公众对经济的信心。 31. ...rules concerning the _________ of fishery resources 有关保护渔业资源的规定 32. The house was _________ _________ after the party. 聚会后，房子里一片狼藉。 33. I've been there _________ _________ times. 我到过那里很多次了。 34. Under the new _________, spending on office equipment will be strictly controlled. 根据新的规定，办公设备开支将受到严格控制。 35. The documents are available for _________. 这些文件可供查阅。 36. Apacs has launched a _________ to improve the training of staff. 雅拍体育用品公司开展了加强员工培训的活动。 37. This sort of behaviour will not _________ _________. 这种行为是不能容许的。 38. He will have a car _________ _________ _________ for the whole month. 他将有一辆汽车归他使用一个月。 III. 课文填空 CLIMATE CHANGE REQUIRES THE WORLD'S ATTENTION We have known about climate change for decades. 1.___________________(毫无疑问) Earth is getting warmer and warmer (see the graph). A warming ocean and atmosphere along with melting ice and 2.____________________(不断上升的海平面) 3.__________________(提供了……的证据) 4._________________(一个巨大的变化) in the global climate. In 2013, a lot of people 5._________________(为……而震惊) a news photo of a dead polar bear that was found on Norway's Arctic island of Svalbard. According to the scientists who found its dead body, all that remained of the polar bear was “skin and bones”. An expert who has studied polar bears for many years said that from the position of its dead body, the bear 6.___________(似乎，好像) have starved and died. Experts claimed that low sea-ice levels caused by climate change meant the bear could not hunt seals as before, so it had to 7._____________________(走更远的距离) in order to find food. This 8._________________(让人担心的例子) showed how the increase in temperature had an impact on Earth's ecology. Then what is causing the increase in the global 9.____________________(平均地表温度)? Climate scientists often mention a key climate process called the “10.________________(温室效应)”, which has two common meanings: the “natural” greenhouse effect and the “man-made” greenhouse effect. The “natural” greenhouse effect 11.___________(指的是) the fact that heat from the sun enters the atmosphere and warms Earth's surface as 12._______________(短波辐射). The heat is released back into space 13.___________________(以更长的波长). Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such as methane and carbon dioxide, 14.__________________(吸收部分热量), keeping Earth's climate warm and habitable. Without this process, Earth could not 15.___________(维持生命). However, the “man-made” greenhouse effect has now become a big problem. When people produce 16._______________(大量的) extra greenhouse gases by 17.___________________(燃烧化石燃料), more heat energy is trapped in the atmosphere and causes Earth's surface temperature to rise quickly. 18._________________________(有力且全面的证据表明) the rise in temperature has led to an increase in 19._______________(极端天气) and 20._________________(自然灾害) worldwide, not only causing serious damage, but also 21.__________________(让很多人丧命). Climate scientists have warned that if we do not 22.____________________(采取适当行动), this warming trend will probably continue and there will be a higher price to pay. In fact, news reports are frequently broadcast about extreme rainstorms and heatwaves causing deaths and 23._______________(经济损失). Continued 24.____________________(温室气体排放) will result in further warming and 25._______________(持久的改变) to the global climate. This requires the attention of people all over the world. Governments need to consider making policies and taking appropriate actions and measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. We as individuals can also reduce our “carbon footprint” by restricting the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce. It is our responsibility to 26._________________(抓住每个机会) to educate everyone about global warming, along with its causes and impacts, because this is the most serious issue affecting all of us on this planet. So what will you do to help? 佳句背诵 1. A warming ocean and atmosphere along with melting ice and rising sea levels provide evidence of a dramatic change in the global climate.海洋和大气的变暖以及冰川融化和海平面上升为全球气候的急剧变化提供了证据。 2. There is strong and comprehensive evidence that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide, not only causing serious damage, but also costing human lives. 有力且全面的证据表明，气温上升已导致世界范围内极端天气和自然灾害的增加，不仅造成严重的破坏，而且还致人丧命。 3. Climate scientists have warned that if we do not take appropriate actions, this warming trend will probably continue and there will be a higher price to pay.气候科学家警告说，如果我们不采取适当的行动，这种变暖的趋势可能会继续下去，并将使我们付出更高的代价。 IV. 话题语篇泛读 Climate change: The shadow of the sun Recent heatwaves in Africa warn of the sweltering future that awaits South Sudan’s children returned to school on April 2nd, not from a holiday but a heatwave in which thermometers reached 45°C. Teachers had been finding it just as difficult to concentrate as students, says Chol Guran Mayuot, who teaches in Juba, the capital. “You get up in the morning and you feel exhausted already.” “This February was the world’s hottest ever recorded, the ninth record-breaking month in succession. Africa sweltered. Its southern cone was 4-5°C above the seasonal average. In some parts of west Africa the combination of heat and humidity made it feel hotter than 60°C. In recent weeks it has been the east’s turn to fry. The Horn of Africa “risks being uninhabitable” because of heatwaves, warned Ismail Omar Guelleh, the president of Djibouti. Temperatures have been boosted by El Niño, the warm phase of a semi-regular oscillation in the world’s climate. But that is just an upward bump on a remorselessly rising trend. West Africa’s humid heat was made ten times more likely by climate change, estimates World Weather Attribution, a network of climate modellers. As Africa cooks, inequality is baked in. A study in Nairobi found that it was several degrees hotter in dense slums than in the leafy surroundings of the meteorological department, where official readings are taken. It is even more stifling indoors. While the rich slumber in air-conditioned rooms, the poor toss and turn beneath tin roofs. In the South African summer, temperatures recorded inside shacks swing by 14°C over the course of the day. The workplace brings no relief. Many Africans toil outside, in jobs from farming to roadside carpentry. In Swahili, east Africa’s lingua franca, informal work is known as jua kali (hot sun). The sapping effects of heat drain the equivalent of 161 labour hours from the average African worker a year, reckons the Lancet Countdown, an international group of researchers. That reduces potential earnings of formally employed workers by 4% (data for informal or unpaid work are sparse). Hot weather also threatens health. Heat exposure is associated with a higher risk of pre-term births, stillbirths and hypertension in pregnancy, among other problems, says Gloria Maimela of the University of the Witwatersrand. A study in Burkina Faso found that with each extra degree of heat mothers breastfeed for two fewer minutes a day. Health clinics in many countries are poorly ventilated and are hotter than the air outside. Better buildings, greener cities and shadier workplaces would all make Africa cooler. “This is an emergency,” says Eugenia Kargbo, the chief heat officer in Freetown, the capital of Sierra Leone. She reels off a string of measures that the city has taken, from planting a million trees to installing sunshades in outdoor markets. It is also testing out a reflective film applied to iron roofing. MEER, an American non-profit behind that idea, says the mirrors can reduce indoor temperatures by 6°C. On March 28th the mayor of Freetown, the president of Djibouti and other leaders took part in the first global summit on extreme heat, hosted by America’s aid agency and the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. They discussed strengthening early-warning systems and drafting heat action plans. But 330m Americans alone emit nearly six times as much carbon dioxide as all 1.2bn sub-Saharan Africans. It is good to help other countries adapt to climate change—and to stop fuelling it. 4月2日，南苏丹的孩子们重返校园，但他们并非结束假期归来，而是逃离了一场热浪——温度计显示气温高达45°C。在首都朱巴任教的乔尔·古拉·马尤特说，老师们发现，他们自己和学生们一样难以集中注意力。“你早上一醒来，就已经感到筋疲力尽了。” “今年2月是有记录以来全球最热的一个2月，也是连续第九个打破纪录的月份。非洲酷热难耐。其南部地区的气温比季节平均气温高出4-5°C。在西非的一些地区，高温和湿度结合，体感温度甚至超过了60°C。近几周来，轮到东非‘炙烤’了。吉布提总统伊斯梅尔·奥马尔·盖莱警告称，由于热浪，非洲之角‘可能变得不宜居住’。 厄尔尼诺现象——全球气候半规则性振荡的温暖阶段——推高了气温。但这只是无情上升趋势中的一个高峰。气候建模网络“世界天气归因组织”估计，气候变化使西非出现潮湿高温天气的可能性增加了十倍。 非洲在‘炙烤’，不平等现象也愈演愈烈。内罗毕的一项研究发现，在密集的贫民窟中，气温比气象部门周围绿树成荫的地方高出几度，而官方读数正是在这些地方采集的。在室内，情况更为憋闷。富人在空调房里沉睡，穷人则在铁皮屋顶下辗转反侧。在南非的夏天，棚户内的气温在一天之内会波动14°C。 工作场所并不能带来解脱。许多非洲人在户外工作，从事从农业到路边木工等各种职业。在斯瓦希里语中，这是东非的通用语言，非正式工作被称为“朱阿·卡利”（意为“烈日”）。国际研究组织“柳叶刀倒计时”估计，热浪对体力的消耗导致非洲工人平均每年损失161个劳动小时。这导致正式雇员的潜在收入减少了4%（关于非正式工作或无偿工作的数据很少）。 炎热天气也威胁着人们的健康。威特沃特斯兰德大学的格洛丽亚·迈梅拉说，高温暴露与早产、死产和孕期高血压等风险增加有关。布基纳法索的一项研究发现，气温每升高一度，母亲每天母乳喂养的时间就会减少两分钟。许多国家的卫生诊所通风不良，室内温度高于室外。 更好的建筑、更绿色的城市和更阴凉的工作场所都能让非洲更凉爽。“这是一场紧急危机，”塞拉利昂首都弗里敦的首席热浪官员尤金妮娅·卡尔博说。她列举了一系列该市已经采取的措施，从种植一百万棵树到在户外市场安装遮阳篷。该市还在测试一种应用于铁质屋顶的反光膜。提出这一想法的美国非营利组织MEER表示，这种反光膜可以使室内温度降低6°C。 3月28日，弗里敦市长、吉布提总统和其他领导人参加了首届全球极端高温峰会，该峰会由美国援助机构和国际红十字与红新月运动联合会主办。他们讨论了加强预警系统和制定高温行动计划等问题。但仅3.3亿美国人排放的二氧化碳就近乎12亿撒哈拉以南非洲人的六倍。帮助其他国家适应气候变化——并停止加剧气候变化——是一件好事。 答案 I. 单词 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. graph 2. emission 3. melt 4. starve 5. ecology 6. release 7. carbon 8. dioxide 9. habitable 10. sustain 11. sustainable 12. fossil 13. fuel 14. comprehensive 15. worldwide 16. trend 17. frequently 18. broadcast 19. policy 20. footprint 21. restrict 22. restriction 23. seize 24. basin 25. reform 26. undergo 27. implement 28. harmonious 29. moderate 30. submit 31. annual 32. tropical 33. chaos 34. nuclear 35. sensitive 36. jungle 37. smog 38. originate 39. volume 40. garbage 41. enterprise 42. restore 43. conservation 44. dozen 45. regulation 46. disposal 47. inspection 48. fine 49. campaign 50. tolerate 51. agenda 52. n.海豹 53. n.甲烷;沼气 54. n.企鹅 55. n.水道;航道 II. III. 短语 1. 2. starve to death 3. starve for sth 4. release ...from ... 5. sustainable development 6. broadcast live 7. make/ develop a policy (on sth) 8. follow in one’s footsteps 9. carbon dioxide 10. fossil fuel 11. tend to do sth 12. restrict…to… 13. without restriction 14. seize an opportunity 15. undergo tests/operation 16. in harmony with… 17. submit sth. to sb. 18. submit to sth. /sb. 19. on behalf of 20. dozens of 21. rules and regulations 22. at one’s disposal 23. launch a campaign for/against sth. 24. tolerate (one’s/sb.) doing sth. IV. 单词变形 1. 2. starvation 3. sustained sustainable 4. frequently frequency 5. restriction restricted restrictive 6. harmonious 7. submission submissive 8. annually 9. sensible senseless sensitive sensitively 10. conservation conservative conservatively 11. inspection inspector 12. tolerance tolerable tolerant tolerantly V. 单句填空 1. 1. starve 2. melting 3. release 4. habitable 5. sustain 6. sustained 7. emission 8. comprehensive 9. trend 10. restrict…to 11. lift restrictions on 12. frequently 13. worldwide 14. broadcast live 15. policy 16. be reformed 17. undergo 18. implement 19. harmoniously 20. harmony with 21. was seized by 22. seized 23. seize 24. moderate 25. be submitted 26. annual 27. sensitive to 28. on the agenda 29. originated in 30. restore 31. conservation 32. in chaos 33. dozens of 34. regulations 35. inspection 36. campaign 37. be tolerated 38. at his disposal VI. 课文填空 1. 2. There is little doubt that 3. rising sea levels 4. provide evidence of 5. a dramatic change 6. were shocked by 7. appeared to 8. travel greater distances 9. alarming case 10. average surface temperature 11. greenhouse effect 12. refers to 13. short-wave radiation 14. at longer wave lengths 15. trap some of the heat 16. sustain life 17. huge amounts of 18. burning fossil fuels 19. There is strong and comprehensive evidence that 20. extreme weather 21. natural disasters 22. costing human lives 23. take appropriate actions 24. economic losses 25. greenhouse gas emissions 26. long-lasting changes 27. seize every opportunity 28. VII. $$