Unit 1 Art 一轮复习检测-2026届高三英语人教版（2019）选择性必修三册

XB3U1 知识总复习 I. 单词 1. adj.准确的;精确的 31. v.呈弧形横跨; (使)成弓形 2. adv.准确地;精确地;的确如此 32. n.投资; (时间、精力的)投入 3. adj.现实的;通真的 33. n.新娘 4. n.逼真;现实主义;务实作 34. adj.永久的;永恒的;长久的 5. n.现实主义画家(或作家等) 35. n纪念物;纪念品adj.纪念的 6. adj.发展水平低的;原始的 36. adj.谦逊的;虚心的;卑微的 7. n.维;规模;范團 37. v.批评;指责;评价 8. adj.人文主义的 38. n.批评;指责;评论 9. n.人性;人道; (统称)人类 39. adj.有代表性的 n.代表 10. n.重大进展;突破 40. n.墨水;墨汁;油墨 11. adj.有很大影响力的 41. n.动画制作;动画片 12. n.名誉;名声 42. n.画面;框架v. 镶框 13. n.出身高贵的人adj.崇高的 43. n.&v.减少;下降;衰落 14. n.地位;行列v.把……分等级 44. n.展览; 表演 15. v.购买;采购n.购买 45. n.青铜；adj.青铜色的 16. n.神话;虚幻的想法 46. n.花瓶;装饰瓶 17. n.委托人;当事人;客户 47. adj.艺术的;艺术家的 18. n.照相术;摄影 48. n.加入;进入;参与 19. v.出现;浮现;暴露 49. adj.国民的;民用的;民事的 20. n.日出 50. n.承认;认出;赞誉 21. v.表达;传递(思想、感情等) 51. n.扩张;扩展;扩大 22. adj.主观的 52. v.保证;确保; n.保证;保修单 23. adj.外表的;外边的;外围的 53. adj.当代的; n.同代人 24. adj.随后的;后来的;之后的 54. adj.值..的;有价值的 25. adj.喜爱 55. Christianity 26. n.雕像;雕刻品;雕刻术 56. two-dimensional 27. n.雕刻家;雕塑家 57. symphony 28. adj.视觉的;视力的 58. ceramic 29. n.池塘;水池 59. Buddhist 30. adj.拱形的;弓形的 60. Buddhism II. 短语/词块 1. 确切地讲 11. 承认某人是…… 2. 在……精确 12. 被认为是 3. 尤其；特别 13. 向某人保证某事 4. 对……挑剔/讲究 14. 肯定会；必定会 5. 使与众不同；使突出 15. 值得做 6. 对...有影响 16. 喜爱；喜欢 7. 拒绝做某事 17. 总之 8. 在减少 18. 赋予……生命；使……鲜活起来 9. 减少到 19. 结果 10. 辨认不出 20. A是B的代表 III. 单词变形 1. precise adj.准确的→____________adv. 准确地 2. realistic adj.现实的；逼真的→____________n. 逼真；现实主义 3. influential adj. 有很大影响力的→____________vt.&n. 影响 4. purchase vt.购买；采购 n. 购买；购买的东西→____________n. 购买者→____________adj. 可购买的 5. emerge vt.&vi. 出现；浮现；暴露→____________n. 出现→____________adj. 新兴的；出现的 6. sculpture n.雕像；雕刻品→____________n.雕刻家；雕塑家→____________v. 雕刻 7. investment n. 投资额；投资→____________vt. 投资→____________n.投资者 8. memorial n.纪念碑；纪念物 adj. 纪念的；悼念的→____________vt. 记住→____________n. 纪念；记忆力 9. criticise vi.&vt. 批评；指责；评价→____________n. 批评 10. representative adj. 典型的；有代表性的 n.代表→____________n.代表；代理→____________vt. 代表；表现；描绘 11. exhibition n. 展览→____________vt. 展览；显示 12. artistic adj. 艺术的；艺术家的→____________n.艺术→____________n. 艺术家 13. recognition  n.承认；认出；赞誉→____________vt.辨认出；承认 IV. 单句填空 1. Can you give a more ____________ definition of the word? 你能给这个词下个更确切的定义吗？ 2. The methods of communication used during the war were ____________ by today's standards. 按今天的标准，大战时期使用的通讯方法非常落后。 3. The judge was praised for his ____________ ____________ ____________. 法官的勇气和人道受到称赞。 4. Her job added ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ her life. 她的工作为她的生活增添了新的内容。 5. She is one of the most ____________ ____________ in local politics. 她是本地政坛举足轻重的人物。 6. We have to be ____________ about our chances of winning. 我们必须实事求是地估计我们获胜的可能性。 7. She soon acquired ____________ ____________ ____________ a first-class cook. 她不久就获得了一级厨师的荣誉。 8. I'm aware of Mark's ____________ ____________ being late. 我知道马克迟到是出了名的。 9. The weather in England is ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________. 英国的天气完全就如人们所说的那样。 10. This means that investors need to reassess their risk exposure in ____________ ____________. 这就意味着投资者需要重新评估他们在新兴市场的风险敞口。 11. She was not used to mixing with people ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________. 她不习惯和社会地位很高的人交往。 12. The tasks have been ____________ in order of difficulty. 按照困难程度对工作进行了分类。 13. The ____________ came hours before a UN deadline. 在联合国的最后期限到来前数小时取得了重大突破。 14. The equipment ____________ ____________ ____________ from your local supplier. 这种设备可从您当地的供应商购买。 15. No new evidence ____________ during the investigation. 调查过程中未发现新证据。 16. She ____________ ____________ the scandal with her reputation intact. 她在丑闻中安然无恙，名声丝毫未受影响。 17. Colours like red ____________ a sense of energy and strength. 红色之类的颜色可给人以充满活力与力量的感觉。 18. Everyone's opinion is bound to ____________ ____________. 每个人的意见都必定是主观的。 19. The painting will be ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ a remarkable woman. 这幅油画将成为对一位杰出女性的永久纪念。 20. Sheila's very ____________ ____________ telling other people what to do. 希拉好对别人指手画脚。 21. This country needs ____________ ____________ ____________. 这个国家需要对教育进行投资。 22. The project has demanded considerable ____________ of time and effort. 该项目已让我们投入了相当多的时间和精力。 23. We ____________ ____________ deliver your goods within a week. 我们保证一周内交货。 24. That kind of behaviour ____________ ____________ ____________ make him angry. 那样的行为肯定会让他生气。 25. ____________ events confirmed our doubts. 后来发生的事证实了我们的疑虑。 26. The accident has not done any ____________ ____________. 那场事故没有造成什么永久性损伤。 27. Be ____________ enough to learn from your mistakes. 要虚心地从自己的错误中学习。 28. The decision was ____________ by environmental groups. 这个决定受到了环保团体的批评。 29. The government has been ____________ ____________ not taking the problem seriously. 政府因没有认真对待这个问题而受到指责。 30. The committee includes ____________ from industry. 这个委员会包括产业界的代表。 31. The painting is not ____________ ____________ his work of the period. 这幅画不是他在那个时期的代表作。 32. The company reported a small ____________ in its profits. 公司报告其利润略有减少。 33. Their spokesman ____________ ____________ comment on the allegations. 他们的发言人拒绝对这些指控加以评论。 34. A number of the report's findings ____________ ____________ ____________ note. 这份报告里有些调查结果值得注意。 35. Industry in Britain has been ____________ ____________ since the 1970s. 英国工业自 20 世纪 70 年代以来一直在走下坡路。 36. There is a general ___________ of the urgent need for reform. 人们普遍认为迫切需要改革。 37. The town has changed ____________ ____________ since I was last here. 自从我上次离开这里以来，这座小镇已经变得让人认不出来了。 III. 课文填空 A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING What is western art? It is hard to give 1._________________(一个精确的定义). As there have been so many different styles of western art, it is impossible to describe them all in a short text. Perhaps the best way to understand western art is to look at the development of western painting 2._________________(几个世纪以来). The Middle Ages (from the 5th to the 15th century) During the Middle Ages, the purpose of Western art was to teach people about Christianity. Thus, artists were not 3.________________(对……感兴趣) painting 4._______________(真实的场景). Their works were often primitive and two-dimensional, and 5.___________________(主要角色) were often made much larger than everyone else to show their importance. This began to change in the 13th century with Giotto di Bondone (1267-1337). While his paintings still had 6.________________(宗教主题), they showed real people in a real environment. 7.________________(尤其是), his paintings are 8._________________(使与众不同) other paintings by their realistic human faces and deep emotional impact. The Renaissance (from the 14th to the 17th century) New ideas and values gradually replaced old ones from the Middle Ages. As a result, painters 9._______________________(较少聚焦……) religious themes. They began to 10.______________________________(对生活采取更加人性化的态度). An 11.__________________(重要的突破) during this period was the use of perspective by Masaccio (1401-1428). 12.________________(有影响力的画家) such as Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) Michelangelo (1475-1564), and Raphael (1483-1520) built upon Giotto and Masaccio's innovations to produce some of the greatest art that Europe had ever seen. Another innovation was the use of oil paints. With their deep colours and realism, some of the best oil paintings look like photographs. While painters as early as Da Vinci had used oil, this technique 13._______________(达到巅峰) with Rembrandt (1606-1669), who 14.___________________(获得……的声誉) as a master of shadow and light. In subject matter, the emphasis increasingly 15._________________(从……转移) religious themes to people and the world around us. Kings, nobles, and 16.__________________(上流社会的人) wanted to purchase accurate pictures of themselves and the people they loved. Others wanted paintings showing 17.___________________(重要的历史事件) or stories from mythology. Finally, most clients wanted paintings that were beautiful and interesting to look at. Impressionism (late 19th to early 20th century) The development of Western art slowed until the invention of photography in the mid-19th century. After that paintings were no longer needed to preserve what people and the world looked like. Hence, painters had to find a new way of looking at their art. From this, Impressionism emerged in France. The name of this new movement came from the painting by Claude Monet (1840-1926) called Impression, Sunrise. In this work, Monet's aim was to convey the light and movement in the scene— the 18.__________________(主观印象) the scene gave him— but not 19.______________________(一个详细的记录) of the scene itself. While many Impressionists painted scenes of nature or daily life, others, such as Renoir (1841-1919), focused on people. Unlike the cold, black-and white photographs of that time period, Renoir's paintings are full of light, shadow, colour, and life. He 20._______________(追求；争取；力图) show not just the outer image of his subjects, but their 21._____________________(内在的温暖和人性) as well. Modern Art (from the 20th century to today) After Impressionism, subsequent artists began to ask, "What do we do next? Painters such as Picasso (1881-1973) tried to analyze the shapes which existed in the natural world but in a new way, with Cubism. Others gave their paintings a realistic but dream-like quality. Still others 22.___________(转向) abstract art. What they attempted to do was no longer show reality, but instead to ask the question, “what is art?” 佳句背诵 1. In particular, his paintings are set apart from other paintings by their realistic human faces and deep emotional impact.尤其是他的绘画作品，更是以其逼真的人物面貌和深刻的情感冲击而从其他绘画作品中脱颖而出。 2. New ideas and values gradually replaced old ones from the Middle Ages.从中世纪开始，新的观念和价值观逐渐取代了旧的观念和价值观。 3. In subject matter, the emphasis increasingly shifted from religious themes to people and the world around us.在题材上，重点越来越从宗教主题转移到人和我们周围的世界。 IV. 话题语篇泛读 How the Renaissance Changed Beauty Standards The cosmetics entrepreneur Helena Rubinstein once observed, “There are no ugly women, only lazy ones.” The kind of beauty she had in mind is an ambivalent gift. On the one hand, it is not confined to the biologically blessed but available to everyone; on the other, it is a hard-earned prize, a product of ritualistic and often painstaking devotions at the mirror. Is beautification always a capitulation to sexist pressures? Or can it be a means of self-expression? These are the perennial questions that Jill Burke takes up in “How to Be a Renaissance Woman: The Untold History of Beauty and Female Creativity.” They were also subjects of heated debate during the Renaissance, when some women chastised their peers for vanity and others maintained that beautification practices allowed them a measure of agency. The Renaissance, which began around 1400 and ended around 1650, was a transitional and transformative era, a time of inventions and discoveries. The printing press allowed for the widespread dissemination of books and pamphlets, and explorers returned from trips across uncharted seas with news of a “world previously unknown to Europeans,” which they promptly proceeded to pillage. Meanwhile, the Scientific Revolution enabled a generation of enterprising scholars to manipulate the environment in ambitious and, until then, unimaginable ways. It was in the context of these dramatic reorientations — and of science’ s staggering triumphs over nature — that Renaissance women were sometimes compelled and sometimes empowered to see the body not as a given but as a “canvas” (Burke’ s word) ripe for reimagination. “Whether we look fat, thin, clear-skinned, healthy, exhausted is not related simply to our genes, but constituted by a complex to-ing and fro-ing between inside and outside, between our bodies and our environment,” writes Burke of Renaissance women — and, I think, of us. Then, as now, technological changes drove shifts in both the understanding and the pursuit of beauty. “Before the sixteenth century,” Burke explains, “it was difficult for people to see themselves in their entirety from an exterior viewpoint.” When the full-length mirror appeared in the early 1500s, it enabled women to take stock of how their looks thwarted or satisfied the norms of the era. These norms, in turn, were popularized by a second spate of innovations. “The advent of the naturalistic nude and true-to-life portraiture,” two nascent yet increasingly ubiquitous genres of painting, yielded a relatively standardized model for women to emulate, in much the same way that social media generates templates today. “White hands” — and pale skin more generally — would become ever more of an imperative for European women when enslaved Africans were kidnapped and hauled to the continent’ s shores in the 1500s. European women achieved their icy whiteness figuratively, by insisting on their distance from the darker-skinned women they subjugated, and literally, by producing complex (and frequently toxic) ointments. One noblewoman’ s unappetizing recipe called for “twelve lemons and twenty-five eggs, and a mixture of alum, asbestos, borax, camphor and mercury sublimate.” In addition to brewing these uninviting potions, Renaissance women bleached their hair into blondness and devised formulas for the removal of unwanted hair. Elaborate diet regimens, based on the byzantine medical theory that bodies were made up of four humors, were yet another staple. And for those loath to modify their bodies (or those whose bodies resisted modification), fashion presented a less invasive alternative. Burke explains that “undergarments were developed in the sixteenth century to give women’ s torsos a more sculptural shape,” especially in the wake of childbirth. It was not just rich women who could aspire to become works of art: “This was a world where even a peasant fruit seller would have been urged to emulate Venus,” Burke writes. The widespread distribution of reading matter had the unintended consequence of democratizing beauty secrets. The “earliest known printed book of beauty tips,” a pamphlet first circulated in 1526, was marketed to an audience of aristocrats and peasants alike. Sometimes, beautification could be a bane, and never more so than when it consigned women suffering from the disease of ungainliness to onerous Renaissance-era cures. But it could also be a boon. Women during the Renaissance exercised little control over their own lives, and the cosmetic domain was one of the few that permitted them a share of autonomy. It is not surprising that many women were vocal champions of beautification, going to great lengths to oppose sumptuary laws that restricted their choices and avowing that fashion was their realm of interest and expertise. The work of beauty can be arduous, and in the Renaissance, when it frequently involved the application of mercury and lead to the skin, it could even be fatal. Whether it is good work or bad work, art or exploitation, depends entirely on the conditions under which it is performed. But one thing is for sure: It is too often a matter of life or death to be a mere frivolity.  化妆品企业家海伦娜·鲁宾斯坦曾说过：“没有丑女人，只有懒女人。”她心目中的美是一种矛盾的馈赠。一方面，它不局限于天生丽质的人，而是每个人都可以获得的；另一方面，它是来之不易的奖赏，是人们在镜子前虔诚、往往也是苦心孤诣地打造出来的结果。 美容总是对性别歧视压力的屈服吗？还是说它可以是一种自我表达的方式？这些是吉尔·伯克在《如何成为文艺复兴女性：美丽与女性创造力的未讲述历史》一书中探讨的永恒问题。这些问题也是文艺复兴时期热议的话题，当时一些女性指责同龄女性虚荣，而另一些人则认为美容实践让她们有了一定程度的自主权。 文艺复兴大约始于1400年，结束于1650年左右，是一个过渡和变革的时代，是发明和发现的时期。印刷机使得书籍和小册子得以广泛传播，探险家们从横跨未知海域的旅行中归来，带来了“欧洲人之前从未听说过的世界”的消息，随后他们便对这些地区进行了掠夺。与此同时，科学革命使一代有进取心的学者能够以雄心勃勃和前所未有的方式操控环境。 正是在这些戏剧性的转变以及科学对自然取得的惊人胜利的背景下，文艺复兴时期的女性有时被迫、有时被赋予力量，将身体视为一个不是既定不变的，而是有待重新想象的“画布”（伯克的说法）。伯克写道：“我们看起来胖、瘦、皮肤光洁、健康、疲惫，这些都不仅仅与我们的基因有关，而是我们的身体内外、我们的身体与环境之间复杂互动的结果。”她写的是文艺复兴时期的女性，但我认为，这也适用于我们。 那时和现在一样，技术变革推动了人们对美的理解和追求的变化。伯克解释说：“在16世纪之前，人们很难从外部视角全面地看到自己。”16世纪初，全身镜的出现让女性得以评估自己的外貌是否符合或违背了当时的审美标准。 而这些审美标准又随着第二波创新的涌现而得到普及。“自然主义裸体和写实肖像画”这两种新兴的但越来越普遍的绘画流派，为女性提供了一个相对标准化的模仿范本，就像今天的社交媒体生成模板一样。 当16世纪被奴役的非洲人被绑架并拖到欧洲大陆的海岸时，“白皙的双手”——以及更广泛意义上的苍白皮肤——对欧洲女性而言变得愈发重要。欧洲女性通过坚持与她们征服的深色皮肤女性保持距离，从象征意义上实现了她们冰冷的苍白肤色，而从字面上看，她们则通过使用复杂（且经常有毒）的软膏来实现。一位贵族女性令人不悦的配方需要“十二个柠檬和二十五个鸡蛋，以及明矾、石棉、硼砂、樟脑和水银升华物的混合物”。 除了调制这些不受欢迎的药剂外，文艺复兴时期的女性还将头发漂白成金色，并发明了去除多余毛发的配方。基于人体由四种体液构成的复杂医学理论的精细饮食方案，是另一种常备之物。 而对于那些不愿改变身体（或身体抗拒改变）的人来说，时尚提供了一种不那么具有侵略性的替代方案。伯克解释说，“16世纪发明了内衣，使女性的躯干呈现出更具雕塑感的形状”，尤其是在分娩之后。 不仅仅是有钱的女性可以追求成为艺术品：“在这个世界里，甚至一个卖水果的农妇也会被鼓励去模仿维纳斯，”伯克写道。阅读材料的广泛传播意外地使美容秘诀民主化了。1526年首次流传的“已知最早的印刷版美容小贴士”小册子，面向的是贵族和平民受众。 有时，美容可能是一场诅咒，尤其是对那些因丑陋疾病而受苦的女性而言，文艺复兴时期的繁重疗法更是雪上加霜。但它也可能是一种福音。文艺复兴时期的女性对自己的生活几乎没有什么控制权，而化妆品领域是少数几个能让她们获得一定自主权的领域之一。因此，许多女性公开支持美容也就不足为奇了，她们不遗余力地反对限制她们选择的奢侈法，并宣称时尚是她们感兴趣的领域和专长所在。 美容工作可能是艰巨的，在文艺复兴时期，当这项工作经常涉及将水银和铅涂抹在皮肤上时，它甚至可能是致命的。它是好是坏，是艺术还是剥削，完全取决于它进行的条件。但有一点可以肯定的是：它往往关乎生死，绝不仅仅是轻浮之事。 答案 I. 单词 1. precise 2. precisely 3. realistic 4. realism 5. realist 6. primitive 7. dimension 8. humanistic 9. humanity 10. breakthrough 11. influential 12. reputation 13. noble 14. rank 15. purchase 16. mythology 17. client 18. photography 19. emerge 20. sunrise 21. convey 22. subjective 23. outer 24. subsequent 25. fond 26. sculpture 27. sculptor 28. visual 29. pond 30. arched 31. arch 32. investment 33. bride 34. permanent 35. memorial 36. humble 37. criticize 38. criticism 39. representative 40. ink 41. animation 42. frame 43. decline 44. exhibition 45. bronze 46. vase 47. artistic 48. entry 49. civil 50. recognition 51. expansion 52. guarantee 53. contemporary 54. worthy 55. n.基督教 56. adj.二维的 57. n.交响乐;交响曲 58. n.陶瓷制品 59. adj.佛教的 n.佛教徒 60. n.佛教 II. 短语 1. 2. to be precise 3. be precise in 4. in particular　　 5. be particular about 6. set apart from         7. have an influence on 8. decline to do sth. 9. on the decline 10. decline to 11. beyond recognition 12. recognize sb. to be/as 13. be recognized as 14. guarantee sth. to sb. 15. be guaranteed to do sth. 16. be worthy of being done/to be done 17. be fond of        18. in conclusion   19. bring ...to life     20. as a result          21. A be representative of B III. 单词变形 1. 2. precisely  3. realism  4. influence  5. purchaser purchasable  6. emergence emerging 7. sculptor sculpt 8. invest investor 9. memorize memory  10. criticism  11. representation represent  12. exhibit  13. art artist  14. recognise  IV. 单句填空 1. 1. precise 2. primitive 3. courage and humanity 4. a new dimension to 5. influential figures 6. realistic 7. a reputation as 8. reputation for 9. living up to its reputation 10. emerging markets 11. of high social rank 12. ranked 13. breakthrough 14. can be purchased 15. emerged 16. emerged from 17. convey 18. be subjective 19. a lasting memorial to 20. fond of 21. investment in education 22. investment 23. guarantee to 24. is guaranteed to 25. Subsequent 26. permanent damage 27. humble 28. criticized 29. criticized for 30. representatives 31. representative of 32. decline 33. declined to 34. are worthy of 35. in decline 36. recognition 37. beyond recognition V. 课文填空 1. 2. a precise definition 3. over the centuries 4. interested in 5. realistic scenes 6. the main characters 7. religious themes 8. In particular 9. set apart from 10. concentrated less on 11. adopt a more humanistic attitude to life 12. important breakthrough 13. Influential painters 14. reached its height 15. gained a reputation 16. shifted from 17. people of high rank 18. important historical events 19. subjective impression 20. a detailed record 21. sought to 22. inner warmth and humanity 23. turned to 24. VI. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$