Unit 5 First aid 一轮复习检测-2026届高三英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册

XB2U5 知识总复习 I. 单词 1. n.技能，技术，技艺 33. n.流血，失血 2. n.（人或动植物的）器官 34. v.（使）恐慌n.惊恐，恐慌 3. n.光线；光束 35. v.打断，打扰 4. n.辐射；放射线 36. v.（因愤怒或恐惧）高声喊 5. n.酸adj.酸的，酸性的 37. adj.同类的，同事的，同情况的 6. n.毫米；千分之一米 38. n.就餐者 7. adj.较小的，次要的，轻微的 39. v.（使）窒息 8. n.层；表层 40. n.牛排 9. adj.电的，用电的，电动的 41. n.咽喉 10. n.受害者，患者 42. adj.绝望的，非常需要的 11. adj.肿的 43. v. n.打、拍 12. vi.膨胀 44. adj.切实可行的，实际的 13. prep&adv.在……底下 45. n.阻碍 14. n.神经 46. n.拳头 15. n.织物；布料 47. v. 抓住n.抓取 16. adj.宽松的 48. adj牢固的adv.紧紧地 17. adj.紧急的，急迫的 49. adv.紧紧地 18. v.减轻，缓解n.容易，舒适 50. n.运动 19. v.吞下 51. v.证明......的道理 20. v.包、裹 52. n.幸福 21. n.洗澡 vt给......洗澡 53. v.（突然）倒塌，（因病等）昏倒 22. v.滑倒，滑落，溜走 54. n.使用手册 23. adj.年老的，渐老的（委婉） 55. adj有雾的 24. n.地毯 56. n.会员身份 25. n.操作员 57. n.郊区 26. n.救护车 58. leaflet  27. v.推迟，延期（做某事） 59. toxin  28. n.针 60. blister  29. v. （使）淹死，浸泡，淹没 61. paramedic  30. v.扭伤（关节）n.扭伤 62. bathtub  31. n.踝，踝关节 63. mosquito  32. v. 流血，失血 64. ward II. 短语/词块 1. 触觉/嗅觉/味觉/视觉/听觉 18. 立即；毫不延迟地 2. 触电；点击 19. 生命体征 3. 责任感 20. 严重/大量出血 4. (没)有意义、讲(不)得通 21. 流血而死 5. 轻伤 22. 因……而恐慌 6. 占少数/占多数 23. 惊慌失措地 7. 事故受难者 24. 连续地；不被打断地 8. 成为……的受害者 25. 非常需要…… 9. 急需 26. 非常想做…… 10.力劝某人做某事 27. 帮助某人站起身来 11. 减轻疼痛 28. 紧凑的日程安排 12. 舒适；不拘束；自由自在 29. 勒紧腰带，省吃俭用 13. 容易地；毫不费劲地 30. 面朝上（朝下） 14. 消失；消亡 31. 迟起；睡过头 15. 老年人 32. 身体健康/不健康 16. 给某人做手术 33. 保持身材/健康 17. 推迟做某事 III. 单词变形 1．minor adj.较小的；次要的；轻微的→___________n．少数；少数民族 2．swell vi.膨胀；肿胀→___________adj.(身体部位)肿起的；肿胀的 3．loose adj.松的；未系紧的；宽松的→___________adv.松散地；宽松地 4．urge vt.催促；极力主张；驱策→___________adj.紧急的；急迫的；急切的→___________adv.紧急地；急迫地→___________n．紧急；急事；催促 5．operate v．操作；做手术；经营→___________n．电话接线员；操作员→___________n．操作；手术 6．interrupt vi.&vt.打断；打扰vt.使暂停；使中断→___________n．打断；打扰 7．desperate adj.绝望的；孤注一掷的；非常需要的→___________adv.绝望地；拼命地 8．practice n．练习；实践；惯例→___________adj.切实可行的；实际的；实践的 9．tight adj.牢固的；紧身的；绷紧的；严密的adv.紧紧地；牢固地→___________adv.紧紧地；牢固地；紧密地 10．fog n．雾；迷惑；困惑→___________adj.有雾的 11. ease n.容易；舒适；自在→___________n.不安；忧虑→___________adj.容易的 IV. 单句填空 1. An average __________bill might go up $2 or $3 per month... 每月电费可能会平均增加两三美元。 2. In the early 1960s, Blyton __________ __________ __________ Alzheimer's disease... 在19世纪60年代早期，布莱顿患上了老年痴呆症。 3. Her arm was beginning to __________ __________ where the bee had stung her. 她胳膊给蜜蜂蜇了，肿了起来。 4. He spent the evening __________ __________ the Christmas presents. 他花了一个晚上的时间把圣诞礼物都包了起来。 5. The law is __________ __________ __________ __________ reform. 这项法律亟待修订。 6. This is a matter of some __________. 这件事相当紧迫。 7. The artist combines different __________ in the same painting. 这位艺术家在同一幅画中把不同的画法结合在一起。 8. Schools are the latest __________ of cuts in public spending. 学校是削减公共开支的最新的牺牲品。 9. He passed the exam __________ __________. 他轻而易举地通过了考试。 10. In his retirement, he lived __________ __________ __________ __________. 他退休后过着悠闲舒适的生活。 11. He was arrested for __________of a police officer in the execution of his duty. 他因妨碍警察执行公务而被逮捕。 12. Always chew food well before __________it. 什么食物都要先嚼碎再吞咽。 13. The ship __________ __________ the harbour at night. 船在夜间悄然进港。 14. There may be some __________changes to the schedule. 时间安排上也许会有些微的变动。 15. Who is eligible to apply for __________ __________ __________ __________? 谁有资格申请加入这个协会？ 16. This was my big chance and I __________it with both hands. 这是我的大好机会，我紧紧抓住。 17. Many of those most affected are __________. 受影响最大的人中很多都是上了年纪的。 18. We need __________ __________ at the airport. 我们需要在机场实行更加严密的安全措施。 19. Report it to the police __________ __________. 赶快将此事报告警方。 20. He __________ __________ her the news, waiting for the right moment. 他没有马上把消息告诉她，等有了适当的时机再说。 21. The roof __________under the weight of snow. 房顶在雪的重压下突然坍塌下来。 22. Office workers fled __________ __________ as the fire took hold. 起火时，办公室人员惊慌逃出。 23. There are some obvious __________applications of the research. 这项研究有一些明显的实际用途。 24. Would you mind not __________ __________ __________ all the time? 请你别老是插嘴问问题好吗？ 25. She clung to the edge in a __________attempt to save herself. 为了活命，她拼命抓住边缘。 26. Her success __________ __________ the faith her teachers had put in her. 她的成功证明了老师对她的信任是正确的。 III. 课文填空 FIRST AID FOR BURNS The skin is 1._______________(一个必要的部分) of your body and is its largest organ. Your skin 2.__________(作为抵御……的屏障) disease, toxins, and the sun's rays. It also helps control your body temperature, prevents your body from losing too much water, warns you when things are too hot or cold, and gives you your 3.______________(触感). As you can imagine, 4.____________(烧伤) can lead to very serious injuries. The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is 5.________________(进行急救). CAUSES OF BURNS  You can get burnt by 6._____________(各种各样的) things: hot liquids, steam, fire, radiation, the sun, electricity, acids, or other chemicals. TYPES OF BURNS Burns 7._________________(被分为) three types, depending on the depth of skin damage. *First-degree burns：These affect only the top few millimetres of the skin. These burns are not serious. Examples include 8._____________(轻微的晒伤) and burns caused by 9.____________________________(其他小的家庭事故). *Second-degree burns： These go below the top layer of the skin. They are serious and take a few weeks to 10._________(好转). Examples include burns caused by hot liquids. *Third-degree burns： These affect every layer of the skin, and sometimes the tissue under it. Examples include burns caused by 11._____________(触电；电击), burning clothes, or petrol fires. These burns cause very severe internal injuries and the victim must go to the hospital 12.____________(立刻). CHARACTERISTICS OF BURNS First-degree burns dry, red, and mildly swollen mildly painful turn white when pressed Second-degree burns red and swollen, blisters: watery surface extremely painful Third-degree burns black and white swollen, the tissue underneath can often be seen little or no pain if nerves are damaged: may be painful around the edges of the burn FIRST-AID TREATMENT 1.Place burns under cool 13.____________(流动的水), especially within the first ten minutes, The cool water stops the burning process and reduces the pain and swelling. 2. Dry the burnt area gently with a clean cloth. 3.Remove any clothes using scissors 14.____________(如果必要的话), unless you see the fabric 15.____________(粘到；粘到) the burnt skin. 4.Cover the burnt area with a loose clean cloth. Applying oil to the injured areas is a bad idea, as it will keep the heat in the wounds and may 16._____________(引起感染). 5.If burns are on the face, make sure the victim can still breathe. 6. If the victim is suffering from second or third-degree burns, there is 17.________________(急需) to take him/her to the hospital at once. 佳句背诵 It also helps control your body temperature, prevents your body from losing too much water, warns you when things are too hot or cold, and gives you your sense of touch.皮肤还有助于控制体温，防止身体流失过多的水分，在外物过热或过冷时发出警告，并使你拥有触觉。 The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is giving first aid.在处理烧伤时，第一步也是最重要的一步就是采取急救措施。 IV. 话题语篇泛读 Restarting Hearts: Crash Course Any given episode of a television medical drama is likely to feature a patient going into cardiac arrest. As the victim thrash es around, a telegenic doctor summon s a posse of helpers, who start zap ping the patient, compressing his chest or administering adrenalin jab s until the heart starts ticking again. On TV these efforts almost always succeed, spectacularly and immediately. The real world, sadly, is crueler：doctors manage to restart only about half of the hearts that stop in a hospital, and only about a sixth of patients will go on to survive long enough to be discharged. One of the toughest decisions faced by hospital staff is how long to keep trying, and when to give up on a particular patient as a lost cause. A new paper, published in the Lancet, aims to provide some scientific backing for such decisions. A team of researchers led by Brahmajee Nallamothu at the University of Michigan looked at data from more than 64 000 patients who had suffered cardiac arrests in 435 American hospitals between 2000 and 2008. There are no official guidelines specifying how long doctors should keep trying to resuscitate flatlining hospital patients. As a result, the authors wondered whether the amount of time spent attempting resuscitation might vary from hospital to hospital. Sure enough, it did. The median resuscitation attempts in patients who eventually died lasted 16 minutes for the bottom quarter of hospitals；for the top quarter it was 25 minutes. That matters, for the researchers also found that a greater willingness to persist correlated with better survival chances for patients. Circulation was restored in 45.3％ of patients in the bottom quarter of hospitals；14.5％ survived long enough to be discharged. For the top quarter, the figures were 50.7％ and 16.2％ respectively, a boost of 12％ in both cases. One reason why doctors are reluctant to spend too long attempting to revive patients is that they worry about brain damage caused by prolonged lack of oxygen. But the study found that, after adjusting for factors such as age and general health, patients from hospitals more willing to try long resuscitations showed no greater risk of brain damage. Such a big discrepancy in a fairly common procedure may look odd—if all hospitals performed as well as the best, thousands of lives a year might be saved. But plenty of medicine has only a thin base in scientifically reviewed evidence, meaning that the opinions, judgments and prejudices of individual doctors often determine how treatment is given. A difficulty is that medical decisions are complicated. A doctor considering whether to continue with chest compressions, for instance, must weigh any number of factors, from the patient's age to other conditions he may be suffering from or the effects of drugs used to treat them. The presence of so many confounding factors makes it hard to assess the general effectiveness of any given treatment—unless, like Dr Nallamothu and his colleagues, you have access to a great deal of data. As with any piece of scientific research, there are caveat s. Dr Nallamothu points out that the study could simply be picking up an effect of better hospitals, with a willingness to persist with resuscitation, a consequence of better technology or better-trained doctors, neither of which can be detected by the study. And the tricky clinical particulars of any given resuscitation mean that the paper cannot give rise to hard-and-fast rules about exactly how long doctors should persist. But it does suggest that plenty of lives might be saved if medics are willing to keep trying for a little bit longer. 电视医疗剧中，任何一集都可能上演病人心脏骤停的情节。当病人身体出现剧烈颤抖, 剧中技艺精湛的医生便会迅速召集一批助手, 对病人进行电击、按压病人胸部或者给病人注射肾上腺素, 直到心脏重新开始跳动。 在电视上，这些努力几乎总是能取得显著且立即的成功。然而，现实世界中却更为残酷：医生只能让医院内大约一半心脏骤停的病人恢复心跳，而只有大约六分之一的病人能够存活足够长的时间以出院。医院工作人员面临的最艰难决定之一，就是还要尝试多久，以及何时放弃某个已无望的病人。 《柳叶刀》杂志上发表的一篇新论文旨在为这些决定提供一些科学支持。密歇根大学的Brahmajee Nallamothu领导的一组研究人员，研究了2000年至2008年间美国435家医院中64000多名心脏骤停患者的数据。官方没有明确规定医生应持续多久尝试抢救心跳停止的医院病人。因此，作者想知道，各医院在尝试复苏上所花费的时间是否有所不同。果然，确实有所不同。对于最终死亡的患者，复苏尝试中位数时间在最差的四分之一医院中为16分钟；而在最好的四分之一医院中，则为25分钟。 这很重要，因为研究人员还发现，坚持意愿越强，患者的存活机会就越好。在最差的四分之一医院中，45.3%的患者的血液循环得到恢复；14.5%的患者存活时间足够长，可以出院。而在最好的四分之一医院中，这两个数字分别为50.7%和16.2%，均提高了12%。 医生不愿花太长时间尝试抢救病人的一个原因是，他们担心长时间缺氧会导致脑损伤。但研究发现，在调整了年龄和一般健康状况等因素后，更愿意长时间尝试复苏的医院的患者，脑损伤风险并未增加。 在如此常见的手术中，存在如此大的差异可能看起来很奇怪——如果所有医院都能像最好的医院一样表现，那么每年可能会挽救数千条生命。但许多医学治疗在科学证据上的基础都很薄弱，这意味着治疗方法的决定往往取决于个别医生的意见、判断和偏见。 一个困难在于，医疗决策很复杂。例如，医生在考虑是否继续进行胸部按压时，必须权衡许多因素，包括患者的年龄、可能患有的其他疾病，以及用于治疗的药物的影响。由于存在如此多的干扰因素，因此很难评估任何给定治疗的总体有效性——除非像Nallamothu博士及其同事那样，能够获得大量数据。 与任何科学研究一样，这篇文章也存在一些注意事项。纳拉莫苏博士指出, 他们的研究发现治疗成效可能要归功于好的医院, 因为好的医院往往更愿意延长抢救时间, 而其自身也往往拥有更好的医疗技术和医生, 因此此项调查无法确定心脏骤停者存活率高是因为抢救时间长还是技术或医生医术好。而且，任何给定复苏手术的临床细节都很复杂，这意味着该论文无法就医生应坚持多久给出明确而快速的规则。但它确实表明，如果医护人员愿意再坚持一会儿，那么可能会挽救许多生命。 答案 I. 单词 1. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. technique 2. organ 3. ray 4. radiation 5. acid 6. millimetre 7. minor 8. layer 9. electric 10. victim 11. swollen 12. swell 13. underneath 14. nerve 15. fabric 16. loose 17. urgent 18. ease 19. swallow 20. wrap 21. bath 22. slip 23. elderly 24. carpet 25. operator 26. ambulance 27. delay 28. needle 29. drown 30. sprain 31. ankle 32. bleed 33. bleeding 34. panic 35. interrupt 36. scream 37. fellow 38. diner 39. choke 40. steak 41. throat 42. desperate 43. slap 44. practical 45. obstruction 46. fist 47. grab 48. tight 49. tightly 50. motion 51. justify 52. welfare 53. collapse 54. manual 55. foggy 56. membership 57. suburb 58. n.散页印刷品 59. n.毒素 60. n.气泡、水泡 61. n.急救医生 62. n.浴缸 63. n.蚊子 64. n.病房 II. 短语 1. 1. sense of touch/ smell/ taste/sight/hearing 2. electric shock 3. a sense of responsibility/duty 4. make (no) sense 5. minor injuries 6. be in a/the minority/majority 7. accident victims 8. fall victim to sb/sth 9. in urgent need of 10. urge sb. to do sth. 11. ease the pain 12. at ease 13. with ease 14. slip away 15. elderly people / the elderly 16. operate on sb./perform an operation on sb. 17. delay doing sth 18. without delay 19. vital sign 20. severe/heavy bleeding 21. bleed to death 22. panic over/at/about 23. be in (a) panic 24. without interruption 25. be desperate for... 26. be desperate to do... 27. help sb. to one’s feet 28. a tight schedule 29. tighten your belt 30. face up/down 31. sleep in 32. in good/bad shape 33. keep/stay in shape III. 单词变形 1. 2. minority 3. swollen 4. loosely 5. urgent urgently urgency 6. operator operation 7. interruption 8. desperately 9. practical 10. tightly 11. foggy 12. unease easy IV. 单句填空 1. 2. electric 3. fell victim to 4. swell up 5. wrapping up 6. in urgent need of 7. urgency 8. techniques 9. victims 10. with ease 11. a life of ease 12. obstruction 13. swallowing 14. slipped into 15. minor 16. membership of the association 17. grabbed 18. elderly 19. tighter security 20. without delay 21. delayed telling 22. collapsed 23. in panic 24. practical 25. interrupting with questions 26. desperate 27. had justified V. 课文填空 1. 2. an essential part 3. acts as a barrier against 4. sense of touch 5. getting burnt 6. giving first aid 7. a variety of 8. are divided into 9. mild sunburn 10. other minor household incidents 11. get better 12. electric shocks 13. at once 14. running water 15. if necessary 16. sticking to 17. cause infection 18. an urgent need VI. $$