Unit 2 Onwards and upwards 动词不定式（单元核心语法精练）英语外研版2019选择性必修第一册

Unit 2 Onwards and upwards 核心语法精练(动词不定式) 目录 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 4 一、单句语法填空（词汇句式全考查） 4 二、句型转换 8 三、翻译句子 11 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 13 题型一 语篇语法填空（课文改编） 13 题型二 语篇语法填空（模考真题） 14 一、单句语法填空（词汇句式全考查） 1. The teacher asked us ______ (hand) in our homework on time. 2. I decided ______ (study) harder to improve my grades. 3. She refused ______ (go) to the party with him. 4. The little boy pretended ______ (sleep) when his mother came in. 5. They agreed ______ (help) us with the project. 6. My dream is ______ (become) a famous singer one day. 7. It's important for us ______ (learn) a foreign language. 8. I find it difficult ______ (solve) this problem. 9. She hopes ______ (get) a good job after graduation. 10. The best way ______ (improve) your English is to practice more. 11. He was the first ______ (arrive) at the school this morning. 12. We are looking forward to ______ (see) you soon. 13. The film is really worth ______ (see). 14. I can't imagine ______ (live) without electricity. 15. He suggested ______ (go) for a picnic this weekend. 16. She devoted herself to ______ (help) the poor. 17. They have some difficulty in ______ (find) the lost child. 18. It's no use ______ (complain) about the situation. 19. The boy was seen ______ (play) basketball on the playground just now. 20. I heard her ______ (sing) in the next room when I passed by. 二、句型转换 1. 原句：He decided to go to Beijing.（改为否定句） 2. 原句：I want to buy a new bike.（对“buy a new bike”提问） 3. 原句：She asked me to help her with her English.（改为被动语态） 4. 原句：It's important for us to protect the environment.（改为感叹句） 5. 原句：The best way to solve the problem is to make a plan.（对“to make a plan”提问） 6. 原句：He seems to be happy.（改为同义句） 7. 原句：I find it easy to get on with him.（改为宾语从句） 8. 原句：She hopes to visit the Great Wall one day.（对“to visit the Great Wall”提问） 9. 原句：The teacher told us to clean the classroom.（改为否定句） 10. 原句：He is too young to go to school.（改为同义句） 11. 原句：I saw him play football on the playground.（改为被动语态） 12. 原句：She spent two hours doing her homework.（改为同义句） 13. 原句：They are looking forward to meeting their new teacher.（对“meeting their new teacher”提问） 14. 原句：The book is worth reading.（改为同义句） 15. 原句：I have some difficulty in learning English.（改为同义句） 三、翻译句子 1. 他决定努力学习，实现他的梦想。 2. 我发现和他相处很容易。 3. 她希望有一天能成为一名医生。 4. 学好英语对我们来说很重要。 5. 他们计划去国外旅行。 6. 老师要求我们每天读英语。 7. 他努力工作为的是能赚更多的钱。 8. 我看见他正在公园里放风筝。 9. 这本书值得再读一遍。 10. 他没有放弃实现梦想的努力。 11. 她建议我们去看电影。 12. 我期待着收到你的来信。 13. 完成这项工作对他来说很困难。 14. 他似乎对这个结果很满意。 15. 我们决定着手解决这个问题。 题型一 语篇语法填空（课文改编） 1. Reading The story is about a young athlete named Li Hua. He has been dreaming of 1.______ (become) a champion in track and field since he was a little boy. His passion for running 2.______ (drive) him to train hard every day. In the beginning, Li Hua faced many difficulties. His family couldn't afford 3.______ (buy) him good sports equipment, and some people around him doubted his ability. But he didn't give up. Instead, he made full use of 4.______ resources he had. He ran on the dirt roads near his home, 5.______ (use) old shoes. As time went by, his hard work paid off. He started 6.______ (win) some local running competitions. His 7.______ (perform) attracted the attention of a famous coach. The coach decided 8.______ (train) him and provided him with better training conditions. Under the coach's 9.______ (guide), Li Hua's skills improved rapidly. He also learned the 10.______ (important) of a positive attitude. Even when he faced tough opponents, he always believed in himself and his ability 11.______ (overcome) challenges. Now, Li Hua is preparing for an important national competition. He knows it will be 12.______ (extreme) difficult, but he is ready to give it his all. He dreams of 13.______ (stand) on the highest podium, 14.______ (hear) the national anthem playing. With his determination and hard work, he is sure 15.______ (achieve) his goal. 2. Extended reading In our daily life, we often come across sports idioms 1.______ add color to our language. For example, “scoring an own goal” 2.______ (original) comes from football. It means accidentally 3.______ (kick) or heading the ball into one's own net. In a non - sports context, we use it to describe a situation 4.______ someone does something that harms their own interests. Baseball also contributes many idioms 5.______ the English language. The place 6.______ a baseball game is played is called a ballpark. People use “in the ballpark” 7.______ (express) a rough estimate. Another idiom, “throwing someone a curveball”, 8.______ (use) to describe unexpected and difficult - to - respond - to situations. “Three strikes and you are out” is 9.______ idiom from baseball. It is often used in daily life to mean that after three failures, a person has to stop 10.______ (try) or face certain consequences. Boxing, 11.______ has a long history, also gives us some useful idioms. “Throwing in the towel” is a common one. In a boxing match, when a boxer's coach throws in the towel, it means they 12.______ (admit) defeat and want to end the fight. In our daily life, we use this idiom to say that someone gives up 13.______ (complete) in the face of difficulties. These sports idioms not only show the 14.______ (connect) between sports and language but also make our communication more vivid and 15.______ (interest). 题型二 语篇语法填空（模考真题） A （2024·广东·一模）阅读下面短文 , 在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Born into an ethnic Miao family in rural Guizhou Province, Zhang was exposed from a young age to the rich tradition of Miao embroidery (刺绣) — 1 cultural craft that has been passed down through generations. She spent countless hours as a child 2 (observe) her mother and grandmother stitching fancy patterns onto fabrics by hand. In 2003, hoping to modernize and share this heritage, she opened her first clothing shop in the provincial capital. A decade later, Zhang 3 (establish) her own clothing brand focused on combining traditional Chinese-style qipao dresses with colorful customized embroidery patterns. “We have trained hundreds of local Miao women in the ancient needlework techniques,” Zhang 4 (proud) remarked. “The clothing line celebrates their breathtaking handiwork, 5 I hope advances my home village’s revitalization.” Her 6 (commit) to cultural preservation and rural development was recognized in 2019, when the China women’s Handicraft Innovation and Entrepreneurship Competition 7 (hold) and Zhang’s innovative design collection won top honors. In an interview afterwards, she reflected on both preserving traditional skills through new media, 8 expanding economic opportunities for artisans. We attach equal importance 9 cultural inheritance and market expansion,” Zhang stated. “In the future, we’ll continue innovating designs 10 (display) Miao embroidery’s beauty and diversity.” 【答案】 1. a 2. observing 3. established 4. proudly 5. which 6. commitment 7. was held 8. and 9. to 10. to display 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了苗绣大师张师傅传承及发扬传统苗绣技艺的故事。 1. 考查不定冠词。句意：张出生在贵州农村的一个苗族家庭，从小就接触到丰富的苗绣传统，这是一种代代相传的文化工艺。分析句子结构可知，此处为同位语，意为“一个被一代代传承下来的手艺”，应用不定冠词，cultural首字母的发音为辅音音素。故填a。 2. 考查非谓语动词。句意：当她还是个孩子的时候，她花了无数的时间观察她的母亲和祖母用手在织物上缝制奇特的图案。此处考查spend … (in) doing sth，意为“花费……做某事”，此处应用动名词作宾语，故填observing。 3. 考查一般过去时。句意：十年后，张创立了自己的服装品牌，专注于将传统中式旗袍与彩色定制刺绣图案相结合。分析句子结构可知，此处填谓语动词，且前面有时间状语a decade later，表示过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，故填established。 4. 考查副词。句意：“我们已经培训了数百名当地苗族妇女学习古代刺绣技术，”张自豪地说。此处修饰动词remarked，应用副词形式，故填proudly。 5. 考查定语从句。句意：服装系列颂扬他们令人惊叹的手工作品，我希望这能促进我家乡的振兴。分析句子结构可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前文的整句话，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which，故填which。 6. 考查名词。句意：2019年，中国妇女手工艺创新创业大赛举办，她对文化保护和农村发展的贡献得到了认可，她的创新设计系列获得了最高荣誉。结合空前的Her可知，此处用名词作主语，commitment“奉献，投入”，不可数名词，故填commitment。 7. 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意同上。分析句子可知，此处为非限制性定语从句中的谓语部分，时间状语为in 2019，且比赛是被举行，故用一般过去时的被动语态，主语the China women’s Handicraft Innovation and Entrepreneurship Competition表示单数意义，故填was held。 8. 考查并列连词。句意：在随后的采访中，她反思了通过新媒体保护传统技能和为工匠扩大经济机会的问题。分析句子可知，此处考查both…and…结构，故填and。 9. 考查介词。句意：“我们同样重视文化传承和市场拓展。”张说。分析句子可知，此处考查attach importance to…结构，意为“重视”，故填to。 10. 考查非谓语动词。句意：未来，我们将继续创新设计来展现苗绣的美和多样性。根据句意可知，此处指“我们将继续创新设计来展现苗绣的美和多样性”，此处表示目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语，故填to display。 B （2024·广东江门·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 2024 is the Year of the Dragon in the Chinese calendar and it is the first time that the Oxford English Dictionary (OED) 1 (include) the term “Chinese dragon” in its dictionary. The Chinese dragon has two definitions in the OED, with the first one about its physical image and the second one on its figurative and allusive (典故的) nature. Emperors in ancient dynasties were dressed in a Dragon Robe, a traditional silk-woven costume with dragon designs, 2 (symbolize) imperial power and authority. Jade Seals (玉玺), often 3 (carve) with dragons, also symbolize the authority of the emperor. Contrary 4 the Western dragon, the image of the Chinese dragon, despite undergoing constant changes, has represented various’ positive 5 (quality) including prosperity, authority, strength and good fortune. In ancient Chinese belief, dragons 6 (associate) with the control of the weather, particularly rain. The dragon’s ability to bring rain was seen as crucial for agriculture, which made it 7 positive symbol for the fertility of the land. With the rising China Chic trend and the country’s booming cultural creative industry, the Chinese dragon in folktale is now 8 (common) seen in creative products such as tear-off calendars, dolls, dragon-themed jewelry as well as the “dragon blind boxes” 9 appeal to young consumers. Whether it is through the hands of a national-level intangible (非物质) cultural heritage inheritor 10 the hands of a Generation Z “blind box” designer, the Chinese dragon carries forward the Chinese cultural spirit. 【答案】 1. has included 2. symbolizing 3. carved 4. to 5. qualities 6. were associated 7. a 8. commonly 9. which/that 10. or 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要以“中国龙”为话题进行了讲述。《牛津英语词典》首次将“Chinese dragon(中国龙)”纳入词典。而中国龙在中国历史上有着皇权属性，在民间有着吉祥好运的属性。现在的中国龙更是以中国文化的代表传递着中国精神。 1. 考查时态。句意：2024年是中国农历的龙年，这是《牛津英语词典》首次将“Chinese dragon(中国龙)”纳入词典。分析可知，所填动词作句子的谓语动词，结合句式结构为“it is+the+序数词+that+主语+have/has done…”可知，这里用完成时结构，且主语“the Oxford English Dictionary”为第三人称单数，应是has done。故填has included。 2. 考查非谓语动词。句意：古代帝王都穿龙袍，这是一种传统的丝织服装，上面有龙的图案，象征着皇权和权威。分析可知，“__2____ (symbolize) imperial power and authority”为名词“a Dragon Robe”的后置定语，动词“symbolize”与其之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填symbolizing。 3. 考查非谓语动词。句意：玉玺，通常刻有龙，也象征着皇帝的权威。分析可知，“often ____3___ (carve) with dragons”为之前名词“Jade Seals”的后置定语，动词“carve”与其之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填carved。 4. 考查介词和固定短语。句意：与西方的龙相反，中国龙的形象尽管经历了不断的变化，但却代表了各种积极的品质，包括繁荣、权威、力量和好运。分析可知，“contrary to…”，固定短语，意为“与……相反”。故填to。 5. 考查名词复数。句意：与西方的龙相反，中国龙的形象尽管经历了不断的变化，但却代表了各种积极的品质，包括繁荣、权威、力量和好运。分析可知，“various”之后接可数名词复数。故填qualities。 6. 考查时态和被动。句意：在中国古代的信仰中，龙与控制天气，特别是雨水有关。分析可知，所填动词作句子的谓语动词，结合语境“In ancient Chinese belief”可知，用一般过去时，且主语“dragons”与动词“associate”之间为被动关系，用一般过去时被动：were done。故填were associated。 7. 考查不定冠词。句意：龙带来雨水的能力被视为对农业至关重要，这使它成为土地肥沃的积极象征。分析可知，“symbol”为可数名词，所填空应是不定冠词做限定词。“positive/ˈpɒzɪtɪv/”为辅音音素开头的单词，因此这里用a。故填a。 8. 考查副词。句意：随着中国时尚潮流的兴起和中国文化创意产业的蓬勃发展，民间传说中的中国龙现在经常出现在创意产品中，如可撕下的日历、玩偶、以龙为主题的珠宝以及吸引年轻消费者的“龙盲盒”。分析可知，这里用副词作状语修饰动词“seen”。“common”，形容词，意为“普通的，普遍的”，其副词形式为“commonly(通常，一般地)”。故填commonly。 9. 考查定语从句引导词。句意：随着中国时尚潮流的兴起和中国文化创意产业的蓬勃发展，民间传说中的中国龙现在经常出现在创意产品中，如可撕下的日历、玩偶、以龙为主题的珠宝以及吸引年轻消费者的“龙盲盒”。分析可知，“____9____ appeal to young consumers”为之前“the ‘dragon blind boxes’”的定语从句，先行词在从句中作主语，用关系代词which或that引导从句。故填which/that。 10. 考查连词。句意：不管是通过国家级非物质文化遗产传承人之手，还是通过Z世代“盲盒”设计师之手，中国龙都在弘扬中国文化精神。根据前文中“Whether…”可知，这里应是“whether…or…”，意为“是……还是……，不管……还是”。故填or。 C 【来源】广东省广州市越秀区第十六中学2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试题 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In China, 2024 is the Year of the Dragon, or “loong,” as is known in Chinese. This creature appears on many cultural artifacts 1 (pass) down through Chinese history. Unlike Western dragons, 2 are often depicted as aggressive, fire-breathing, flying lizards, Chinese loongs 3 (traditional) symbolize strong and favourable powers. In Chinese mythology (神话), the loong is credited with ensuring a good harvest. The unique appearance of the Chinese loong distinguishes it 4 its Western counterparts. For thousands of years, the Chinese have respected the loong, 5 (believe) that they can bring harmony and prosperity. According to Chinese mythology, the Yan Emperor’s mother had seen a loong just before she was pregnant and soon the Yan Emperor 6 (bear). So the Chinese regard the Yan Emperor as their forefather, and they sometimes refer to 7 (they) as “descendants of the loong (龙的传人).” At a historical site in Liaoning Province, a stone sculpture of a loong was discovered in 1994. 8 (measure) 19.70 meters in length, the sculpture 9 (date) back to more than 7,600 years ago. The idiom “龙年大吉” means “good luck in the year of the loong.” We wish all of us 10 happy and lucky Chinese New Year! 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 2 Onwards and upwards 核心语法精练(动词不定式) 目录 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 4 一、单句语法填空（词汇句式全考查） 4 二、句型转换 8 三、翻译句子 11 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 13 题型一 语篇语法填空（课文改编） 13 题型二 语篇语法填空（模考真题） 14 一、单句语法填空（词汇句式全考查） 1. The teacher asked us ______ (hand) in our homework on time. 2. I decided ______ (study) harder to improve my grades. 3. She refused ______ (go) to the party with him. 4. The little boy pretended ______ (sleep) when his mother came in. 5. They agreed ______ (help) us with the project. 6. My dream is ______ (become) a famous singer one day. 7. It's important for us ______ (learn) a foreign language. 8. I find it difficult ______ (solve) this problem. 9. She hopes ______ (get) a good job after graduation. 10. The best way ______ (improve) your English is to practice more. 11. He was the first ______ (arrive) at the school this morning. 12. We are looking forward to ______ (see) you soon. 13. The film is really worth ______ (see). 14. I can't imagine ______ (live) without electricity. 15. He suggested ______ (go) for a picnic this weekend. 16. She devoted herself to ______ (help) the poor. 17. They have some difficulty in ______ (find) the lost child. 18. It's no use ______ (complain) about the situation. 19. The boy was seen ______ (play) basketball on the playground just now. 20. I heard her ______ (sing) in the next room when I passed by. 答案： 1. 详解：ask sb. to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“要求某人做某事”，所以填to hand 。动词不定式作宾语补足语 。 2. 详解：decide to do sth.表示“决定做某事”，所以填to study。decide后接动词不定式作宾语 。 3. 详解：refuse to do sth.意为“拒绝做某事”，所以填to go。refuse后常接动词不定式作宾语 。 4. 详解：pretend to do sth.表示“假装做某事”，此处强调当时正在假装睡觉，用pretend to be doing sth.结构，所以填to be sleeping 。 5. 详解：agree to do sth.意为“同意做某事”，所以填to help。agree后接动词不定式作宾语 。 6. 详解：动词不定式作表语，说明主语“dream”的具体内容，所以填to become 。 7. 详解：It's +形容词+for sb. + to do sth.为固定句型，it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语，所以填to learn 。 8. 详解：“find + it +形容词+ to do sth.”结构中，it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式短语，所以填to solve 。 9. 详解：hope to do sth.表示“希望做某事”，所以填to get。hope后接动词不定式作宾语 。 10. 详解：the way to do sth.表示“做某事的方法”，动词不定式作后置定语修饰“way”，所以填to improve 。 11. 详解：the first to do sth.表示“第一个做某事的人或物”，动词不定式作后置定语，所以填to arrive 。 12. 详解：look forward to doing sth.为固定短语，意为“期待做某事”，其中to是介词，后接动名词作宾语，所以填seeing 。 13. 详解：be worth doing sth.表示“值得做某事”，用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义，所以填seeing 。 14. 详解：imagine doing sth.表示“想象做某事”，所以填living。imagine后接动名词作宾语 。 15. 详解：suggest doing sth.表示“建议做某事”，所以填going。suggest后接动名词作宾语 。 16. 详解：devote oneself to doing sth.表示“致力于做某事”，其中to是介词，后接动名词作宾语，所以填 17. helping 。 18. 详解：have difficulty (in) doing sth.表示“做某事有困难”，所以填finding 。 19. 详解：It's no use doing sth.表示“做某事没有用”，所以填complaining 。 20. 详解：see sb. do sth.变为被动语态时，省略的to要还原，即sb. be seen to do sth.，所以填to play 。 21. 详解：hear sb. doing sth.表示“听见某人正在做某事”，强调动作正在进行，所以填singing 。 二、句型转换 1. 原句：He decided to go to Beijing.（改为否定句） 2. 原句：I want to buy a new bike.（对“buy a new bike”提问） 3. 原句：She asked me to help her with her English.（改为被动语态） 4. 原句：It's important for us to protect the environment.（改为感叹句） 5. 原句：The best way to solve the problem is to make a plan.（对“to make a plan”提问） 6. 原句：He seems to be happy.（改为同义句） 7. 原句：I find it easy to get on with him.（改为宾语从句） 8. 原句：She hopes to visit the Great Wall one day.（对“to visit the Great Wall”提问） 9. 原句：The teacher told us to clean the classroom.（改为否定句） 10. 原句：He is too young to go to school.（改为同义句） 11. 原句：I saw him play football on the playground.（改为被动语态） 12. 原句：She spent two hours doing her homework.（改为同义句） 13. 原句：They are looking forward to meeting their new teacher.（对“meeting their new teacher”提问） 14. 原句：The book is worth reading.（改为同义句） 15. 原句：I have some difficulty in learning English.（改为同义句） 答案： 1.转换句：He decided not to go to Beijing. 详解：decide to do sth.的否定形式是decide not to do sth.，在to前加not 。 2.转换句：What do you want to do? 详解：对动词不定式短语提问，用what，然后把原句中的剩余部分变为一般疑问句，借助助动词do 。 3.转换句：I was asked to help her with her English by her. 详解：主动语态ask sb. to do sth.改为被动语态是sb. be asked to do sth.，注意动作执行者by sb.放在句末 。 4.转换句：How important it is for us to protect the environment! 详解：How +形容词+ it is + for sb. + to do sth.是感叹句的一种结构，强调形容词important 。 5.转换句：What is the best way to solve the problem? 详解：对动词不定式短语提问，用what，然后把原句中的剩余部分变为一般疑问句 。 6.转换句：It seems that he is happy. 详解：sb. seems to do sth.可以转换为It seems that +从句，意思不变 。 7.转换句：I find that it is easy to get on with him. 详解：find it +形容词+ to do sth.结构可以转换为find that + it is +形容词+ to do sth.，it作宾语从句的形式主语 。 8.转换句：What does she hope to do one day? 详解：对动词不定式短语提问，用what，然后借助助动词does构成一般疑问句 。 9.转换句：The teacher told us not to clean the classroom. 详解：tell sb. to do sth.的否定形式是tell sb. not to do sth.，在to前加not 。 10.转换句：He is so young that he can't go to school. 详解：too... to...结构表示“太……而不能……”，可以转换为so... that...结构，that引导的从句是否定句 。 11.转换句：He was seen to play football on the playground (by me). 详解：see sb. do sth.变为被动语态时，省略的to要还原，即sb. be seen to do sth.，动作执行者by sb.可省略 。 12.转换句：It took her two hours to do her homework. 详解：sb. spend some time (in) doing sth.可以转换为It takes sb. some time to do sth.，表示“花费某人多长时间做某事” 。 13.转换句：What are they looking forward to? 详解：对动名词短语提问，用what，然后把原句中的剩余部分变为一般疑问句 。 14.转换句：The book is worthy of being read. / The book is worthy to be read. 详解：be worth doing sth.可以转换为be worthy of being done或be worthy to be done，意思都是“值得做某事” 。 15.转换句：I have some trouble (in) learning English. / It's difficult for me to learn English. 详解：have difficulty (in) doing sth.可以转换为have trouble (in) doing sth.，也可以转换为It's +形容词+ for sb. + to do sth.结构 。 三、翻译句子 1. 他决定努力学习，实现他的梦想。 2. 我发现和他相处很容易。 3. 她希望有一天能成为一名医生。 4. 学好英语对我们来说很重要。 5. 他们计划去国外旅行。 6. 老师要求我们每天读英语。 7. 他努力工作为的是能赚更多的钱。 8. 我看见他正在公园里放风筝。 9. 这本书值得再读一遍。 10. 他没有放弃实现梦想的努力。 11. 她建议我们去看电影。 12. 我期待着收到你的来信。 13. 完成这项工作对他来说很困难。 14. 他似乎对这个结果很满意。 15. 我们决定着手解决这个问题。 【答案】 1.译文：He decided to study hard to achieve his dream. 详解：“决定做某事”用decide to do sth.；“实现梦想”用achieve one's dream 。 2.译文：I find it easy to get along with him. 详解：“发现做某事……”用find it +形容词+ to do sth.结构；“和……相处”用get along with 。 3.译文：She hopes to become a doctor one day. 详解：“希望做某事”用hope to do sth.；“成为一名医生”用become a doctor 。 4.译文：It's very important for us to learn English well. 详解：用It's +形容词+ for sb. + to do sth.句型，“学好英语”用learn English well 。 5.译文：They plan to travel abroad. 详解：“计划做某事”用plan to do sth.；“去国外旅行”用travel abroad 。 6.译文：The teacher asks us to read English every day. 详解：“要求某人做某事”用ask sb. to do sth.；“读英语”用read English 。 7.译文：He works hard in order to / so as to make more money. 详解：“为的是”用in order to或so as to，后接动词原形；“赚更多的钱”用make more money 。 8.译文：I saw him flying a kite in the park. 详解：“看见某人正在做某事”用see sb. doing sth.；“放风筝”用fly a kite 。 9.译文：This book is worth reading again. 详解：“值得做某事”用be worth doing sth.；“再读一遍”用read again 。 10.译文：He didn't give up his efforts to achieve his dream. 详解：“放弃”用give up；“实现梦想”用achieve one's dream；“努力”用effort，常用复数形式 。 11.译文：She suggested that we (should) go to the movies. / She suggested going to the movies. 详解：suggest表示“建议”时，后可接that引导的宾语从句，从句要用虚拟语气，即(should)+动词原形；也可接动名词作宾语 。 12.译文：I'm looking forward to hearing from you. 详解：“期待做某事”用look forward to doing sth.；“收到某人来信”用hear from sb. 。 13.译文：It's difficult for him to finish the work. 详解：用It's +形容词+ for sb. + to do sth.句型，“完成工作”用finish the work 。 14.译文：He seems to be satisfied with the result. / It seems that he is satisfied with the result. 详解：“似乎做某事”用seem to do sth.或It seems that...；“对……满意”用be satisfied with 。 15.译文：We decided to go about solving the problem. 详解：“决定做某事”用decide to do sth.；“着手做某事”用go about doing sth. 。 题型一 语篇语法填空（课文改编） 1. Reading The story is about a young athlete named Li Hua. He has been dreaming of 1.______ (become) a champion in track and field since he was a little boy. His passion for running 2.______ (drive) him to train hard every day. In the beginning, Li Hua faced many difficulties. His family couldn't afford 3.______ (buy) him good sports equipment, and some people around him doubted his ability. But he didn't give up. Instead, he made full use of 4.______ resources he had. He ran on the dirt roads near his home, 5.______ (use) old shoes. As time went by, his hard work paid off. He started 6.______ (win) some local running competitions. His 7.______ (perform) attracted the attention of a famous coach. The coach decided 8.______ (train) him and provided him with better training conditions. Under the coach's 9.______ (guide), Li Hua's skills improved rapidly. He also learned the 10.______ (important) of a positive attitude. Even when he faced tough opponents, he always believed in himself and his ability 11.______ (overcome) challenges. Now, Li Hua is preparing for an important national competition. He knows it will be 12.______ (extreme) difficult, but he is ready to give it his all. He dreams of 13.______ (stand) on the highest podium, 14.______ (hear) the national anthem playing. With his determination and hard work, he is sure 15.______ (achieve) his goal. 【答案】 1. 答案：becoming 详解：dream of doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“梦想做某事”，of是介词，后接动名词，故填becoming。 2. 答案：drives 详解：文章主体时态为一般现在时，主语His passion是第三人称单数，所以谓语动词drive用第三人称单数形式drives。 3. 答案：to buy 详解：afford to do sth.表示“有能力做某事，负担得起做某事”，是固定用法，故填to buy。 4. 答案：the 详解：这里特指他拥有的资源，用定冠词the表特指。 5. 答案：using 详解：分析句子结构可知，use的逻辑主语是He，两者之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词using作伴随状语。 6. 答案：winning/to win 详解：start doing sth.和start to do sth.都有“开始做某事”的意思 ，在本句中均可使用，故填winning/to win。 7. 答案：performance 详解：his是形容词性物主代词，后接名词，perform的名词形式是performance，意为“表现”。 8. 答案：to train 详解：decide to do sth.为固定短语，意为“决定做某事”，所以填to train。 9. 答案：guidance 详解：under one's guidance是固定搭配，意为“在某人的指导下”，guide的名词形式是guidance 。 10. 答案：importance 详解：the + 名词 + of是常用结构，important的名词形式是importance，the importance of表示“……的重要性”。 11. 答案：to overcome 详解：ability后常接动词不定式作后置定语，the ability to do sth.表示“做某事的能力”，故填to overcome。 12. 答案：extremely 详解：修饰形容词difficult要用副词，extreme的副词形式是extremely，意为“极其，非常”。 13. 答案：standing 详解：dream of doing sth.为固定搭配，所以填standing。 14. 答案：hearing 详解：分析句子结构，hear的逻辑主语是He，两者是主动关系，用现在分词hearing作伴随状语，表示站在领奖台上的同时听到国歌奏响。 15. 答案：to achieve 详解：be sure to do sth.表示“一定做某事，肯定做某事”，是固定用法，所以填to achieve。 2. Extended reading In our daily life, we often come across sports idioms 1.______ add color to our language. For example, “scoring an own goal” 2.______ (original) comes from football. It means accidentally 3.______ (kick) or heading the ball into one's own net. In a non - sports context, we use it to describe a situation 4.______ someone does something that harms their own interests. Baseball also contributes many idioms 5.______ the English language. The place 6.______ a baseball game is played is called a ballpark. People use “in the ballpark” 7.______ (express) a rough estimate. Another idiom, “throwing someone a curveball”, 8.______ (use) to describe unexpected and difficult - to - respond - to situations. “Three strikes and you are out” is 9.______ idiom from baseball. It is often used in daily life to mean that after three failures, a person has to stop 10.______ (try) or face certain consequences. Boxing, 11.______ has a long history, also gives us some useful idioms. “Throwing in the towel” is a common one. In a boxing match, when a boxer's coach throws in the towel, it means they 12.______ (admit) defeat and want to end the fight. In our daily life, we use this idiom to say that someone gives up 13.______ (complete) in the face of difficulties. These sports idioms not only show the 14.______ (connect) between sports and language but also make our communication more vivid and 15.______ (interest). 【答案】 1. 答案：which/that 详解：先行词是sports idioms，指物，在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导定语从句。 2. 答案：originally 详解：修饰动词comes要用副词，original的副词形式是originally，意为“最初，起初”。 3. 答案：kicking 详解：mean doing sth.表示“意味着做某事”，and连接两个并列的动名词，与heading并列，所以填kicking。 4. 答案：where 详解：先行词是situation，在定语从句中作抽象的地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导定语从句 。 5. 答案：to 详解：contribute... to...是固定短语，意为“为……做贡献，把……贡献给……”，故填to。 6. 答案：where 详解：先行词是The place，表地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导定语从句。 7. 答案：to express 详解：use sth. to do sth.表示“用某物做某事”，这里用动词不定式to express作目的状语。 8. 答案：is used 详解：句子主语Another idiom和use之间是被动关系，且句子描述一般事实，用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是单数，所以填is used。 9. 答案：an 详解：idiom是以元音音素开头的单词，此处表示“一个习语”，用不定冠词an。 10. 答案：trying 详解：stop doing sth.表示“停止做某事” ，根据语境，这里是说三次失败后要停止尝试，所以填trying。 11. 答案：which 详解：先行词是Boxing，指物，在非限制性定语从句中作主语，用which引导，不能用that。 12. 答案：admit 详解：and连接两个并列的谓语动词，want是一般现在时，所以admit也用一般现在时，主语they是复数，填admit。 13. 答案：completely 详解：修饰动词短语gives up要用副词，complete的副词形式是completely，意为“完全地”。 14. 答案：connection 详解：the + 名词 + between... and...表示“……和……之间的……”，connect的名词形式是connection，意为“联系”。 15. 答案：interesting 详解：and连接两个并列的形容词，vivid是形容词，interest的形容词形式interesting意为“有趣的”，用来描述事物的特征，符合语境，所以填interesting。 题型二 语篇语法填空（模考真题） A （2024·广东·一模）阅读下面短文 , 在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Born into an ethnic Miao family in rural Guizhou Province, Zhang was exposed from a young age to the rich tradition of Miao embroidery (刺绣) — 1 cultural craft that has been passed down through generations. She spent countless hours as a child 2 (observe) her mother and grandmother stitching fancy patterns onto fabrics by hand. In 2003, hoping to modernize and share this heritage, she opened her first clothing shop in the provincial capital. A decade later, Zhang 3 (establish) her own clothing brand focused on combining traditional Chinese-style qipao dresses with colorful customized embroidery patterns. “We have trained hundreds of local Miao women in the ancient needlework techniques,” Zhang 4 (proud) remarked. “The clothing line celebrates their breathtaking handiwork, 5 I hope advances my home village’s revitalization.” Her 6 (commit) to cultural preservation and rural development was recognized in 2019, when the China women’s Handicraft Innovation and Entrepreneurship Competition 7 (hold) and Zhang’s innovative design collection won top honors. In an interview afterwards, she reflected on both preserving traditional skills through new media, 8 expanding economic opportunities for artisans. We attach equal importance 9 cultural inheritance and market expansion,” Zhang stated. “In the future, we’ll continue innovating designs 10 (display) Miao embroidery’s beauty and diversity.” 【答案】 1. a 2. observing 3. established 4. proudly 5. which 6. commitment 7. was held 8. and 9. to 10. to display 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了苗绣大师张师傅传承及发扬传统苗绣技艺的故事。 1. 考查不定冠词。句意：张出生在贵州农村的一个苗族家庭，从小就接触到丰富的苗绣传统，这是一种代代相传的文化工艺。分析句子结构可知，此处为同位语，意为“一个被一代代传承下来的手艺”，应用不定冠词，cultural首字母的发音为辅音音素。故填a。 2. 考查非谓语动词。句意：当她还是个孩子的时候，她花了无数的时间观察她的母亲和祖母用手在织物上缝制奇特的图案。此处考查spend … (in) doing sth，意为“花费……做某事”，此处应用动名词作宾语，故填observing。 3. 考查一般过去时。句意：十年后，张创立了自己的服装品牌，专注于将传统中式旗袍与彩色定制刺绣图案相结合。分析句子结构可知，此处填谓语动词，且前面有时间状语a decade later，表示过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，故填established。 4. 考查副词。句意：“我们已经培训了数百名当地苗族妇女学习古代刺绣技术，”张自豪地说。此处修饰动词remarked，应用副词形式，故填proudly。 5. 考查定语从句。句意：服装系列颂扬他们令人惊叹的手工作品，我希望这能促进我家乡的振兴。分析句子结构可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前文的整句话，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which，故填which。 6. 考查名词。句意：2019年，中国妇女手工艺创新创业大赛举办，她对文化保护和农村发展的贡献得到了认可，她的创新设计系列获得了最高荣誉。结合空前的Her可知，此处用名词作主语，commitment“奉献，投入”，不可数名词，故填commitment。 7. 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意同上。分析句子可知，此处为非限制性定语从句中的谓语部分，时间状语为in 2019，且比赛是被举行，故用一般过去时的被动语态，主语the China women’s Handicraft Innovation and Entrepreneurship Competition表示单数意义，故填was held。 8. 考查并列连词。句意：在随后的采访中，她反思了通过新媒体保护传统技能和为工匠扩大经济机会的问题。分析句子可知，此处考查both…and…结构，故填and。 9. 考查介词。句意：“我们同样重视文化传承和市场拓展。”张说。分析句子可知，此处考查attach importance to…结构，意为“重视”，故填to。 10. 考查非谓语动词。句意：未来，我们将继续创新设计来展现苗绣的美和多样性。根据句意可知，此处指“我们将继续创新设计来展现苗绣的美和多样性”，此处表示目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语，故填to display。 B （2024·广东江门·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 2024 is the Year of the Dragon in the Chinese calendar and it is the first time that the Oxford English Dictionary (OED) 1 (include) the term “Chinese dragon” in its dictionary. The Chinese dragon has two definitions in the OED, with the first one about its physical image and the second one on its figurative and allusive (典故的) nature. Emperors in ancient dynasties were dressed in a Dragon Robe, a traditional silk-woven costume with dragon designs, 2 (symbolize) imperial power and authority. Jade Seals (玉玺), often 3 (carve) with dragons, also symbolize the authority of the emperor. Contrary 4 the Western dragon, the image of the Chinese dragon, despite undergoing constant changes, has represented various’ positive 5 (quality) including prosperity, authority, strength and good fortune. In ancient Chinese belief, dragons 6 (associate) with the control of the weather, particularly rain. The dragon’s ability to bring rain was seen as crucial for agriculture, which made it 7 positive symbol for the fertility of the land. With the rising China Chic trend and the country’s booming cultural creative industry, the Chinese dragon in folktale is now 8 (common) seen in creative products such as tear-off calendars, dolls, dragon-themed jewelry as well as the “dragon blind boxes” 9 appeal to young consumers. Whether it is through the hands of a national-level intangible (非物质) cultural heritage inheritor 10 the hands of a Generation Z “blind box” designer, the Chinese dragon carries forward the Chinese cultural spirit. 【答案】 1. has included 2. symbolizing 3. carved 4. to 5. qualities 6. were associated 7. a 8. commonly 9. which/that 10. or 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要以“中国龙”为话题进行了讲述。《牛津英语词典》首次将“Chinese dragon(中国龙)”纳入词典。而中国龙在中国历史上有着皇权属性，在民间有着吉祥好运的属性。现在的中国龙更是以中国文化的代表传递着中国精神。 1. 考查时态。句意：2024年是中国农历的龙年，这是《牛津英语词典》首次将“Chinese dragon(中国龙)”纳入词典。分析可知，所填动词作句子的谓语动词，结合句式结构为“it is+the+序数词+that+主语+have/has done…”可知，这里用完成时结构，且主语“the Oxford English Dictionary”为第三人称单数，应是has done。故填has included。 2. 考查非谓语动词。句意：古代帝王都穿龙袍，这是一种传统的丝织服装，上面有龙的图案，象征着皇权和权威。分析可知，“__2____ (symbolize) imperial power and authority”为名词“a Dragon Robe”的后置定语，动词“symbolize”与其之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填symbolizing。 3. 考查非谓语动词。句意：玉玺，通常刻有龙，也象征着皇帝的权威。分析可知，“often ____3___ (carve) with dragons”为之前名词“Jade Seals”的后置定语，动词“carve”与其之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填carved。 4. 考查介词和固定短语。句意：与西方的龙相反，中国龙的形象尽管经历了不断的变化，但却代表了各种积极的品质，包括繁荣、权威、力量和好运。分析可知，“contrary to…”，固定短语，意为“与……相反”。故填to。 5. 考查名词复数。句意：与西方的龙相反，中国龙的形象尽管经历了不断的变化，但却代表了各种积极的品质，包括繁荣、权威、力量和好运。分析可知，“various”之后接可数名词复数。故填qualities。 6. 考查时态和被动。句意：在中国古代的信仰中，龙与控制天气，特别是雨水有关。分析可知，所填动词作句子的谓语动词，结合语境“In ancient Chinese belief”可知，用一般过去时，且主语“dragons”与动词“associate”之间为被动关系，用一般过去时被动：were done。故填were associated。 7. 考查不定冠词。句意：龙带来雨水的能力被视为对农业至关重要，这使它成为土地肥沃的积极象征。分析可知，“symbol”为可数名词，所填空应是不定冠词做限定词。“positive/ˈpɒzɪtɪv/”为辅音音素开头的单词，因此这里用a。故填a。 8. 考查副词。句意：随着中国时尚潮流的兴起和中国文化创意产业的蓬勃发展，民间传说中的中国龙现在经常出现在创意产品中，如可撕下的日历、玩偶、以龙为主题的珠宝以及吸引年轻消费者的“龙盲盒”。分析可知，这里用副词作状语修饰动词“seen”。“common”，形容词，意为“普通的，普遍的”，其副词形式为“commonly(通常，一般地)”。故填commonly。 9. 考查定语从句引导词。句意：随着中国时尚潮流的兴起和中国文化创意产业的蓬勃发展，民间传说中的中国龙现在经常出现在创意产品中，如可撕下的日历、玩偶、以龙为主题的珠宝以及吸引年轻消费者的“龙盲盒”。分析可知，“____9____ appeal to young consumers”为之前“the ‘dragon blind boxes’”的定语从句，先行词在从句中作主语，用关系代词which或that引导从句。故填which/that。 10. 考查连词。句意：不管是通过国家级非物质文化遗产传承人之手，还是通过Z世代“盲盒”设计师之手，中国龙都在弘扬中国文化精神。根据前文中“Whether…”可知，这里应是“whether…or…”，意为“是……还是……，不管……还是”。故填or。 C 【来源】广东省广州市越秀区第十六中学2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试题 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In China, 2024 is the Year of the Dragon, or “loong,” as is known in Chinese. This creature appears on many cultural artifacts 1 (pass) down through Chinese history. Unlike Western dragons, 2 are often depicted as aggressive, fire-breathing, flying lizards, Chinese loongs 3 (traditional) symbolize strong and favourable powers. In Chinese mythology (神话), the loong is credited with ensuring a good harvest. The unique appearance of the Chinese loong distinguishes it 4 its Western counterparts. For thousands of years, the Chinese have respected the loong, 5 (believe) that they can bring harmony and prosperity. According to Chinese mythology, the Yan Emperor’s mother had seen a loong just before she was pregnant and soon the Yan Emperor 6 (bear). So the Chinese regard the Yan Emperor as their forefather, and they sometimes refer to 7 (they) as “descendants of the loong (龙的传人).” At a historical site in Liaoning Province, a stone sculpture of a loong was discovered in 1994. 8 (measure) 19.70 meters in length, the sculpture 9 (date) back to more than 7,600 years ago. The idiom “龙年大吉” means “good luck in the year of the loong.” We wish all of us 10 happy and lucky Chinese New Year! 【答案】 1. passed 2. which 3. traditionally 4. from 5. believing 6. was born 7. themselves 8. Measuring 9. dates 10. a 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。中国2024年是中国的龙年，中国的文化传承了许多描绘龙的文物。中国龙象征强大和有利的力量，能确保丰收和带来和谐繁荣。中国人尊敬龙，将炎帝视为祖先，并自称为龙的传人。1994年在辽宁省发现了一座7600多年前的19.70米石雕龙。祝大家龙年幸福和好运！ 1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这种生物出现在许多中国历史上流传下来的文物上。分析句子，句中appears为谓语动词，故设空处使用非谓语动词。此处artifacts与pass之间是被动关系，故使用过去分词作后置定语。故填passed。 2. 考查定语从句。句意：西方的龙通常被描绘成好斗、喷火、会飞的蜥蜴，而中国的龙在传统上象征着强大和有利的力量。分析句子，设空处引导的是非限制性定语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，修饰先行词Western dragons，为物，故使用which。故填which。 3. 考查副词。句意：同上。分析句子，设空处使用副词作状语，修饰动词symbolize，意为“传统地”。故填traditionally。 4. 考查介词。句意：中国龙独特的外形使它有别于西方龙。句中distinguish…from…为固定短语，意为“区分”。故填from。 5. 考查非谓语动词。句意：几千年来，中国人一直尊重龙，相信龙能带来和谐与繁荣。分析句子，句中have respected为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词，此处the Chinese与believe之间是主动关系，故使用现在分词作状语。故填believing。 6. 考查动词语态。句意：根据中国神话，炎帝的母亲在怀孕前看到了一只龙，很快，炎帝就出生了。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，根据前文的had seen以及before可知句子表述过去事实，故使用一般过去时。此处Yan Emperor与bear之间是被动关系，故使用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was born。 7. 考查反身代词。句意：所以中国人认为炎帝是他们的祖先，他们有时称自己为“龙的传人”。分析句子，句中refer to oneself as为固定短语，意为“视某人自己为……”，此处使用反身代词作宾语。故填themselves。 18. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这座雕塑长19.70米，可追溯到7600多年前。句中date为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词，the sculpture与measure之间是主动关系，故使用现在分词作状语。同时该空置于句首，开头单词首字母大写。故填Measuring。 9. 考查动词时态。句意：同上。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，句子表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时。the sculpture是单数，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填dates。 10. 考查冠词。句意：祝大家新年快乐，吉祥如意！分析句子，句中Chinese New Year为可数名词，此处表示泛指，其修饰词happy首字母为辅音音素。故填a。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$